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Coffee
Contents
• Introduction
• History
• Coffee plant
• Coffee beans processing
• Chemical constituents
• Brewing of coffee
• World production and exportation
• Question/answers session
Introduction
• Coffee –Most consumed beverages
• Second largest traded -After petroleum.
• Most consumed drink in the world
(more than 400 billion cups yearly).
History
• Coffee -over 1,000 years
• Arabia -coffee culture propagation.
• Ancient manuscripts culture of coffee date
from 575 in Yemen
• Persia, the first coffee beans -toasted -drink
• Coffee began-Europe in 1615.
• Dutchmen -The first seedlings -cultivated
botanical garden of Amsterdam.
• Definitive part of the habits of the Europeans.
History
• Frenchmen were given a plant of coffee by the
major of Amsterdam.
• Start cultivate in the islands of Sandwich and
Bourbon
• With the Dutch and French experiences, the
coffee cultivation was taken to other European
colonies.
• The European market growth-African countries
and
• Africa-Arabs secret expansion
Coffee Plant
• The coffee tree or shrub -family Rubiaceae.
• Coffee-plant Coffea L.(70 species)
• Commercially explored worldwide:
1. Coffea arabica (Arabica)- noblest of all coffee
plants and providing 75% of world’s
production- high altitudes
2. Coffea canephora (Robusta), considered to
be more acid but more resistant to plagues,
and provides 25% of world’s production-low
altitudes
Coffee beans processing
• Coffee cherries-raw fruit of the coffee plant
• Two coffee beans covered by a thin parchment
like hull and further surrounded by pulp
• These cherries -harvested after 5 years of
coffee trees plantation
• fruit turns red
• The processing of coffee starts -conversion of
coffee cherries into green coffee beans
• Done by the removal of both the pulp and hull
using either a wet or dry method.
Coffee
Coffee beans processing
• Roasting - (flavors, aromas, and color) are
developed.
• Affect the quality of the coffee and the
excellence of the coffee beverage
• Instant coffee, an additional step of extraction
follows the roasting and grinding operations.
• The soluble solids and volatile compounds
that provide aroma and flavor are extracted
from the coffee beans using water
Coffee
Coffee brewing
• Coffee Beans Brewing “Coffee” is the
designation of the drink prepared by
extraction, in boiling water, of the soluble
material from roasted coffee grounds.
• There are many different coffee brewing
methods in the world.
• Coffee beverage can be prepared, for
example, by filtration–percolation method.
Coffee brewing
• Where ground coffee is placed on a specific
support grid (filter paper, muslin, perforated
plastic filter, sintered glass, etc
• Coffee is extracted -dripping or spraying with hot
water, i.e., by slow gravity percolation
• Most coffee machines (Espresso machine)
• Coffee is extracted using superheated water
(90±5 °C), and filtration is accelerated by steam at
a pressure of 7–9 bar for a short time (30±5 s)
Coffee World Production and
Exportation
• Grown more than 100% from 1950 to 1960
• The ten largest coffee produced- 80% of the
world production.
• South America around 43%, Asia with 24%,
Central America 18%, and Africa with 16%.
• Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, and Indonesia.
• 2007- 124,636 million bags of 60 kg consumed
• 90.0 million bags of 60 kg per year, with Brazil
leading exportations with a share of 28% of
this market
Coffee

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Coffee

  • 2. Contents • Introduction • History • Coffee plant • Coffee beans processing • Chemical constituents • Brewing of coffee • World production and exportation • Question/answers session
  • 3. Introduction • Coffee –Most consumed beverages • Second largest traded -After petroleum. • Most consumed drink in the world (more than 400 billion cups yearly).
  • 4. History • Coffee -over 1,000 years • Arabia -coffee culture propagation. • Ancient manuscripts culture of coffee date from 575 in Yemen • Persia, the first coffee beans -toasted -drink • Coffee began-Europe in 1615. • Dutchmen -The first seedlings -cultivated botanical garden of Amsterdam. • Definitive part of the habits of the Europeans.
  • 5. History • Frenchmen were given a plant of coffee by the major of Amsterdam. • Start cultivate in the islands of Sandwich and Bourbon • With the Dutch and French experiences, the coffee cultivation was taken to other European colonies. • The European market growth-African countries and • Africa-Arabs secret expansion
  • 6. Coffee Plant • The coffee tree or shrub -family Rubiaceae. • Coffee-plant Coffea L.(70 species) • Commercially explored worldwide: 1. Coffea arabica (Arabica)- noblest of all coffee plants and providing 75% of world’s production- high altitudes 2. Coffea canephora (Robusta), considered to be more acid but more resistant to plagues, and provides 25% of world’s production-low altitudes
  • 7. Coffee beans processing • Coffee cherries-raw fruit of the coffee plant • Two coffee beans covered by a thin parchment like hull and further surrounded by pulp • These cherries -harvested after 5 years of coffee trees plantation • fruit turns red • The processing of coffee starts -conversion of coffee cherries into green coffee beans • Done by the removal of both the pulp and hull using either a wet or dry method.
  • 9. Coffee beans processing • Roasting - (flavors, aromas, and color) are developed. • Affect the quality of the coffee and the excellence of the coffee beverage • Instant coffee, an additional step of extraction follows the roasting and grinding operations. • The soluble solids and volatile compounds that provide aroma and flavor are extracted from the coffee beans using water
  • 11. Coffee brewing • Coffee Beans Brewing “Coffee” is the designation of the drink prepared by extraction, in boiling water, of the soluble material from roasted coffee grounds. • There are many different coffee brewing methods in the world. • Coffee beverage can be prepared, for example, by filtration–percolation method.
  • 12. Coffee brewing • Where ground coffee is placed on a specific support grid (filter paper, muslin, perforated plastic filter, sintered glass, etc • Coffee is extracted -dripping or spraying with hot water, i.e., by slow gravity percolation • Most coffee machines (Espresso machine) • Coffee is extracted using superheated water (90±5 °C), and filtration is accelerated by steam at a pressure of 7–9 bar for a short time (30±5 s)
  • 13. Coffee World Production and Exportation • Grown more than 100% from 1950 to 1960 • The ten largest coffee produced- 80% of the world production. • South America around 43%, Asia with 24%, Central America 18%, and Africa with 16%. • Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, and Indonesia. • 2007- 124,636 million bags of 60 kg consumed • 90.0 million bags of 60 kg per year, with Brazil leading exportations with a share of 28% of this market