“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and cooling applications” – Prof Amin Al-Habaibeh, Nottingham Trent University
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“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and cooling applications” – Prof Amin Al-Habaibeh, Nottingham Trent University, presenting at the Net Zero Conference 2022, ‘Research Journeys in/to Net Zero: Current and Future Research Leaders in the Midlands, UK’ (on Friday 24th June 2022 at De Montfort University)
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“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and cooling applications” – Prof Amin Al-Habaibeh, Nottingham Trent University
- 1. © Professor Amin Al-Habaibeh, NTU, 2022 1 Amin Al-Habaibeh Professor of Intelligent Engineering Systems Product Innovation Centre Product Design School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment Nottingham Trent University, UK Towards Net Zero: Extracting Energy from Flooded Coal Mines for Heating and Cooling Applications
- 2. 2 PIC: Product Innovation Centre Product Innovation Centre (PIC)
- 3. 3 Contents ➢ Introduction to the technology. ➢ Case studies from the UK. ➢ Commercialisation Opportunities. ➢ Commercialisation Challenges. ➢ Commercialisation key issues to consider.
- 4. This work was supported by 1. Innovate UK, Knowledge Transfer Partnership number 9032 2. Low-Carbon After-Life (LoCAL) financed by the European Commission, Research Fund for Coal and Steel, (Contract No.: RFCR-CT-2014-00001). 3. Alkane Energy Ltd 4
- 5. Coal mines 5
- 6. Some facts and Figures 6 • UK coal production total circa 12,000,000,000 tonnes (12 billion tonnes) • Residual void space (10%) is about 1,000,000,000 m3 (1 billion m3) • Mostly filled with water at about 14 degree C and above Advantages: • Price stability • Security of supply • Low carbon emission Source: Alkane Energy
- 7. Access to water in Flooded Coal Mines 7 *Source: The Coal Authority • In the UK, coal mining technology programs pump nearly 112 million mega litres per annum of water.* • This is equivalent to 44,800 Olympic swimming pools
- 8. 8 28 kW 7 kW 1 l/s @ 14 0C COP heating = 4 21 Kw (from the mine water) 5 0C ΔT Energy from 1 litre of water Heat extracted = Cp x ΔT x m Where Cp = volumetric heat capacity of water = 4200J/l/oC ΔT = temp difference input to output, say 5oC m = flow in l/s heat (energy) supplied to or removed from the reservoir Work (energy) consumed by the heat pump
- 9. 9 Heerlen (Holland) Examples of the technology:
- 10. 10 Spain (Asturias) Heating and cooling of a hospital and University building using water from systems Barredo well
- 11. 11 NTU Research in the UK
- 12. Caphouse Markham Pilot Plant Locations In The UK
- 13. 13 Markham Site Image source: Google
- 14. Alkane - Markham Site 14 Image source: Google
- 15. GSHP container Gas Engines Mine shaft Alkane - Markham Site
- 16. Example: Markham
- 17. Water out of the mine at 15.4 degree c 15.4 degree c 13.5 degree c Comparison between the temperatures of the input pipe to the system and the return pipe Markham
- 18. 18 y = 0.0008x + 13.247 R² = 0.0088 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mine water inlet temperature in degree C Days of operation Minewater inlet temperature variation over time Markham Results
- 19. 19 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 COP Days Daily average COP for the heatpump and the complete system Heatpump COP System COP COP
- 20. 20 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 COP of system COP of heat pump Variation of system COP and heat pump COP with pumping depth 250 m 200 m 150 m 100 m 50 m 25 m
- 21. Markham Pilot Site Minimal ochre build up after 2 years
- 23. UK National Grid Status Example
- 24. Engines in operation Engine in standby mode Markham Results (a) (b) (a) (b)
- 26. 26 Caphouse National Coal Mining Museum
- 27. July 1, 2022 27 Inman Building The GTHP system Lagoon Pumped water from coal mine National Coal Mining Museum Extracting Energy From Flooded Coal Mines
- 28. Buffer Tanks Heat pump Shell and Tube heat exchanger Mesh filter Heat meter 1 Heat meter 2 Energy meter Lagoon Mine Water circuit Brine circuit Clean Water circuit
- 29. (a) (c) (b) (d)
- 30. 30 Pathways to commercialisation of energy from flooded coal mines.
- 31. 31 • Support Net Zero Strategies. • Efficient and stable technology for cooling and heating applications. • To develop a better peak demand efficiency. • The technology is suitable for low temperature district heating. • Data Centres and the need for cooling makes the water from flooded coal mines a very suitable technology for use in cooling. • The technology will encourage sustainable development and long term commercial cost savings. • The technology could help reducing energy poverty and support local councils to meet development goals. Key Opportunities
- 32. 32 Key Challenges • Complex or not well understood regulations and permissions on the short and long terms. • ‘Champions’ (investors) are needed to lead the way. • It is still not a well-known or understood technology for many consumers or companies to invest in. • There are cultural issues as far as the technology is concerned, particularly with the dependence on gas boilers in most buildings for heating, particularly in the UK. • There is a lack of clear model to follow on all stages and on the long term. • There is variation in infrastructure and running costs and the breakeven models. • The technology only possible for areas with flooded coal mines, which makes it suitable for special locations only, particularly with water not at high depth. • Cost of pumping is dependent on the depth of water, which could create variability in the system. Selling the product is complex, because can only be done locally via local district heating systems. • Legal issues are not well understood
- 33. 33 • There is a need to develop clear models and case studies for government organisations and businesses, such as Barredo coal Mine (Spain), where large systems case studies can be developed. • The cost of infrastructure could be high for pipes and district heating, therefore, there is a need to engage local councils or government organisations. Otherwise, the cost of the initial infrastructure would be too high to be developed by small or medium size energy companies. • Such case studies can play a key role in convincing developers, local authorities and funding organisations with the technology. • It is a source of renewable green energy that is load balancing. The technology is sustainable and can reduce carbon emission. • There is potential source of income for developers. Issues to Consider Further
- 34. 34 Conclusions Pathways to commercialisation Short term: The technology could be feasible commercially for the short term if some conditions are available: 1. Infrastructure bore hole is available. 2. Water already pumped (for other reasons) 3. Government organisations can absorb the cost of infrastructure. 4. One main user of energy (e.g. hospital, university, shopping mole), where discussion and discussions can be simplified. 5. Water level is high (low energy for pumping).
- 35. 35 Conclusion. Pathways to commercialisation Long Term: On the long term, the following measures should be taken: 1. Integrate the technology with education. 2. More public engagement programmes are needed. 3. Educate energy installers companies and provide training courses on how the technology works and how much it should cost. 4. Some legal issues should be resolved regarding the technology, particularly in relation to district heating. 5. The need to be able to change suppliers or ensure reasonable cost (cheaper than current technologies).
- 36. 36 Educational and Public Engagement Simulator
- 37. Selected List of publications AL-HABAIBEH, A., SHAKMAK, B., ATHRESH, A., PARKER, K. and HAMZA, O., 2022. Extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and air-conditioning of buildings: opportunities and challenges. In: D. BIENVENIDO-HUERTAS and J. MOYANO-CAMPOS, eds., New technologies in building and construction: towards sustainable AL-HABAIBEH, A., ATHRESH, A.P. and PARKER, K., 2018. Performance analysis of using mine water from an abandoned coal mine for heating of buildings using an open loop based single shaft GSHP system. Applied Energy, 211, pp. 393-402. ISSN 0306-2619 THRESH, A.P., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and PARKER, K., 2017. An innovative and integrated approach for using energy from the flooded coal mines for pre-warming of a gas engine in standby mode using GSHP. Energy Procedia, 105, pp. 2531-2538. ISSN 1876-6102 BANKS, D., ATHRESH, A., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and BURNSIDE, N., 2017. Water from abandoned mines as a heat source: practical experiences of open- and closed-loop strategies, United Kingdom. Sustainable Water Resources Management. ISSN 2363-5037 ATHRESH, A.P., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and PARKER, K., 2016. The design and evaluation of an open loop ground source heat pump operating in an ochre-rich coal mine water environment. International Journal of Coal Geology, 164, pp. 69-76. ISSN 0166-5162 ATHRESH, A., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and PARKER, K., 2015. Innovative Approach for Heating of Buildings Using Water from a Flooded Coal Mine Through an Open Loop Based Single Shaft GSHP System. Energy Procedia, 75, pp. 1221-1228. ISSN 1876-6102 ATHRESH, A.P., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and PARKER, K., 2016. An innovative and integrated approach for using energy from the flooded coal mines for pre-warming of a gas engine in standby mode using GSHP. In: 8th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2016), Beijing, China, 8-11 October 2016. MOHAMED, A.M.A., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and ABDO, H., 2016. Future prospects of the renewable energy sector in libya. In: SBE16 Dubai Conference, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 17-19 January 2016. ELGARGNI, M.A. and AL-HABAIBEH, A., 2015. Analytical and comparative study of using a CNC machine spindle motor power and infrared technology for the design of a cutting tool conditio 37
- 38. Thank you For further details, please contact Amin Al-Habaibeh Amin.AL@ntu.ac.uk Scan to Connect