Global Thermostat has developed a carbon capture technology called Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (GT-DAC) that can capture CO2 directly from ambient air at an industrial scale. The technology uses modular units that selectively capture CO2 using amine-coated structures, then release pure CO2 through low-temperature regeneration. GT has operated pilot and commercial demonstration plants since 2010 and is now constructing its first commercial GT-DAC plant in Huntsville, Alabama to supply CO2 to a major beverage company. The technology addresses the large unmet demand for CO2 by providing an unlimited, low-cost supply that can be located anywhere without the constraints of transportation.
This document summarizes information presented on the US cement industry and environmental regulations. It discusses EPA enforcement initiatives since 2008 to reduce air pollution from cement plants. Key results include emissions reductions of over 2,000 tons/year and $40 million in penalties. The document also outlines cement kiln regulations and required pollution control technologies. Emerging issues like alternative fuels and CO2 capture technologies are reviewed. In conclusion, cement plants should prepare for potential EPA enforcement and develop strategies to address regulations and emerging issues.
The document discusses the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which was established by the Kyoto Protocol to allow developed countries to implement emissions reduction projects in developing countries. It provides an overview of CDM objectives to assist developing countries' sustainable development and emission reduction goals. India has potential for many CDM projects, especially in the energy sector, but also faces barriers like a lack of clear methodologies and high transaction costs. The document outlines some priority project types for India and small-scale project qualifications under CDM.
The document summarizes a presentation on cool technologies that do not use hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), given at the XV European Conference in Milano, Italy. It discusses the ecological impacts of HFC use and outlines alternatives like natural refrigerants such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons. It provides examples of companies adopting HFC-free equipment for refrigeration and air conditioning and references a Greenpeace report documenting the availability and use of natural refrigerants globally. The presentation promotes transitioning away from HFCs by 2020 to avoid dangerous climate change impacts.
The role of Direct Air Capture and Carbon Dioxide Removal in well below 2C sc...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research exploring the role of direct air capture (DAC) technologies in scenarios aiming to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. It finds that DAC has the potential to play a role in carbon dioxide removal, capturing hundreds of millions of tons of CO2 per year by mid-century in 1.5°C scenarios. However, biological carbon dioxide removal via BECCS captures more CO2 over the long-run. Achieving the 1.5°C target requires rapid near-term emissions reductions and deployment of carbon dioxide removal technologies like DAC. The costs of deep decarbonization are highly sensitive to the availability of carbon dioxide removal and storage technologies.
An Analysis of Clean Development MechanismBaral Pradeep
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows developed countries to implement emissions reduction projects in developing countries and earn tradable carbon credits (CERs) for the reductions achieved. The CDM aims to help countries meet Kyoto targets while promoting sustainable development. Projects must demonstrate environmental additionality by proving reductions beyond business as usual. Registration and verification involve several steps overseen by Designated Operational Entities and the CDM Executive Board. Most CDM projects are in Asia focused on renewable energy and methane capture. However, the CDM faces challenges around additionality and local benefits. Recommendations include expanding demand for CERs and restricting supply to help address a market crash.
The document discusses the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and provides details about a case study of the SKG Sangha Biodigester programme in India. The key points are:
1) SKG Sangha is a non-profit organization that has installed over 43,000 biodigesters in Karnataka, India to provide renewable energy to rural households.
2) The biodigesters generate biogas by digesting cow dung, replacing fuelwood and kerosene for cooking. They also produce fertilizer which increases household incomes.
3) Each biodigester saves about 4 tons of CO2 emissions annually by avoiding fuelwood use. The program has significantly improved local environments
Research Coordination Network on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Funded by National Science Foundation in USA - A.-H. Alissa Park, Columbia University - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows emission-reduction projects in developing countries to earn certified emission reduction credits that can be traded and used by industrialized countries to meet emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The CDM stimulates sustainable development, emission reductions, and provides flexibility for industrialized countries while generating funds through credit sales. Project examples include renewable energy projects and industrial gas capture. The CDM process involves approval and verification of projects by the CDM Executive Board and Designated National Authorities of participant countries.
This document discusses Lafarge's climate change and energy strategy. The strategy focuses on three areas: 1) contributing to reduced societal emissions through more energy efficient construction solutions, 2) reducing direct emissions from cement production through performance programs and developing lower-carbon solutions, and 3) promoting responsible energy policies. Lafarge aims to reduce CO2 emissions per ton of cement produced by 33% by 2020 through improving kiln energy efficiency, substituting fossil fuels, and producing blended cements.
An Introduction to Carbon Offsets, Markets and ProjectsThe Climate Trust
The document provides an outline and information about carbon offset projects. It discusses that The Climate Trust was founded in 1997 to acquire carbon offsets for new power plants regulated by the Oregon Carbon Dioxide Standard. It developed processes to evaluate, quantify, verify and register offset projects. The document also discusses the types of offset projects including forestry, agriculture, cookstoves, and fertilizer. It provides examples of offset projects in Latin America.
The document summarizes a report commissioned by the International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) that analyzed the carbon emissions impact of 102 chemical products. The report found that for every tonne of carbon dioxide emitted in producing chemicals, chemicals industry products enable up to three tonnes of emissions savings through applications in other industries and consumer use. Major emissions savings come from applications of chemicals in building insulation, fertilizers and crop protection, lighting, plastic packaging, and other areas. The report recommends policy approaches to promote greater use and innovation of chemicals products to maximize their emissions reductions potential and help meet climate change goals.
1) Coal currently supplies over 38% of the world's electricity and 23% of global primary energy needs. However, coal must significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to be sustainable.
2) Clean coal technologies aim to 1) eliminate emissions of pollutants, 2) increase thermal efficiency to reduce CO2 emissions, and 3) eliminate CO2 emissions entirely. This includes technologies like coal washing, particulate filters, and carbon capture and storage.
3) Advanced technologies like fluidized bed combustion can reduce emissions by 90% while improving efficiency. Widespread adoption of existing pollution control and higher efficiency technologies could reduce emissions 10-25% to support continued coal use.
1) Hydrogen and fuel cells are seen as part of the solution to reducing climate change and may become a cornerstone of future energy and transportation systems.
2) Hydrogen can be produced from water electrolysis using renewable electricity, making it a fully decarbonized energy carrier when used in fuel cells.
3) While hydrogen and fuel cell technologies have made progress, challenges remain around reducing costs and aligning the development of production infrastructure with the rollout of fuel cell vehicles.
AMG Advanced Metallurgical Group provides critical materials and technologies that enable carbon dioxide reductions. In 2020, AMG's products and processes helped customers reduce CO2 emissions by 56.6 million metric tons. AMG reported $937.1 million in revenue for 2020, down 21% from 2019 due to impacts from the pandemic, with a gross profit of $112.7 million. Moving forward, AMG management expects revenues and EBITDA to exceed 2019 levels as markets continue recovering in 2021.
Clean coal technologies for power generation by P. Jayarama ReddyAli Hasimi Pane
This book provides an overview of clean coal technologies for power generation. It discusses coal formation, classification, reserves and production. It examines global energy consumption trends and projections. It explores various coal-based power generation technologies like pulverized coal combustion, fluidized bed combustion, gasification, and integrated gasification combined cycle. It analyzes pollution from coal combustion and control technologies. It covers carbon capture and storage technologies. It also discusses coal-to-liquid fuels and the application of clean coal technologies in developing countries. The book is a comprehensive reference for clean coal technologies.
Lanzatech: le pari technologique d'ArcelorMittalLuxemburger Wort
LanzaTech aims to create a carbon smart future by capturing carbon-rich waste gases and converting them into liquid fuels and chemicals using proprietary microbes. Some key points:
- 65% of the remaining carbon budget that must stay in the ground has already been used up between 1870-2011, leaving only around 1000 gigatons of CO2 that can be emitted.
- The LanzaTech process uses novel gas fermentation technology to capture CO-rich gases from sources like steel mills and convert the carbon into products like ethanol, butanol, and other fuels/chemicals without using food crops.
- LanzaTech has successfully operated demonstration plants and pilots at various scales since 2008 to prove technical viability at
This document describes a student project to design and build a pyrolysis plant to convert waste plastic into liquid fuel. The plant would help address the problems of increasing plastic waste and need for alternative energy sources. It would use thermal degradation to break down plastics at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen, producing a pyrolysis oil that can be used as fuel for generators, boilers and other applications. The student group's objectives are to study and optimize the pyrolysis of plastics, model and fabricate a prototype plant, and produce a storable alternative fuel while reducing pollution and providing renewable energy.
The document discusses carbon trading mechanisms and provides context on its history and concepts. It outlines that the Union finance minister has proposed reducing the tax on gains from carbon trading from 30% to 10% to incentivize investments in energy efficiency and clean energy. This lower tax rate aims to support energy security and climate change goals by making carbon trading more rewarding and attractive for foreign firms while transitioning away from fossil fuel subsidies. Examples of existing carbon trading programs and their impacts are also presented.
This document summarizes a presentation on green minerals and SCW systems given on June 25th, 2019 in Aachen. It discusses mineralization from an academic interest to commercial realization. It provides background on CO2 utilization and negative CO2 emissions approaches, including ambient and accelerated mineralization techniques. It also outlines several companies working in residual ores, ambient, and accelerated mineralization areas and describes Green Minerals' research on scaling up an olivine weathering process called GreenSand to store CO2.
The document discusses global efforts to address climate change through negative carbon technologies and sustainable development. It proposes a $200 billion global investment fund to build power plants that remove carbon from the atmosphere, especially in Africa and Latin America. This self-funded plan would stimulate the global economy and provide clean energy to developing regions while reducing the carbon concentration in the atmosphere. The document argues that negative carbon is necessary to reverse climate change and presents Global Thermostat's air capture technology as a viable solution.
“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and ...Kyungeun Sung
“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and cooling applications” – Prof Amin Al-Habaibeh, Nottingham Trent University, presenting at the Net Zero Conference 2022, ‘Research Journeys in/to Net Zero: Current and Future Research Leaders in the Midlands, UK’ (on Friday 24th June 2022 at De Montfort University)
The global demand for achieving the net zero emission target by 2050 has pushed governments all over to adapt and adopt advanced carbon removal technologies to go carbon negative.
It is, indeed, an important topic of discussion, because a carbon free environment is the need of the hour to save our planet. And, therefore, BIS Research is glad to announce its upcoming webinar on this particular subject.
Agenda:
The main agenda of this webinar is to understand and explore the following:
• Primary sources of carbon emissions and associated environmental issues
• Carbon dioxide removal – key technology and adoption scenario
• Carbon dioxide removal (CDR): trends and key market developments
• Carbon dioxide removal as a credible solution
• Conclusion and future outlook
Renewable Energy From Municipal Solid Waste And Automobile Shredder ResiduesJaapaz
A chemical process which utilizes CO2 and CO to oxidize carbon contained in waste to a coal equivalent form of fuel. This exothermic reaction preserves the metals contained and prevents the formation of harmful pollutants such as dioxins and furans.
- Consumption of air conditioning is projected to grow dramatically by 2100 and already accounts for a large portion of electricity usage in some areas. Improving efficiency could provide major energy savings.
- Refrigeration accounts for 10% of global emissions and better equipment and practices could significantly reduce food waste and emissions.
- The UK has an opportunity to develop innovative cold technologies and capture a share of the large global market estimated at £40-110 billion. However, more support is needed for research, skills development, and demonstrating new solutions.
The document discusses various challenges and considerations around accurately accounting for carbon emissions from buildings and electricity production methods. It touches on the need for standardized approaches and boundaries to avoid double counting, the sensitivity of different methods to accounting assumptions, and debates around how to appropriately assign emissions factors across supply chains and energy grids.
The climate change is global, decarbonize involved in everywhere; food processing is the broadest areas of human existence, it extended all over the world every corner.....food services machines manufacturers will impossible avoid as it to be one of the biggest carbon emissions fields.
The climate change is global, decarbonize involved in everywhere; food processing is the broadest areas of human existence, it extended all over the world every corner.....So, food services machines manufacturers will impossible avoid as it to be one of the biggest carbon emissions fields
Low global warming potential air conditioning Simon Fjell
This document discusses the shift that is occurring in the air conditioning market away from chemical refrigerants due to regulatory changes, climate issues, and cost considerations. It introduces Pioneer air conditioners, which use natural hydrocarbon refrigerants, as an innovative Australian solution that is designed for environmental performance, safety, and cost savings. Pioneer air conditioners are able to meet future needs through their patented technology and fulfill key requirements of air conditioners regarding the environment, energy efficiency, and safety.
The document summarizes the U.S. petroleum industry and its partnership with the Department of Energy to advance technology research and development. It discusses how the petroleum industry has grown more complex with lower quality crude oil and environmental regulations. Through the Industries of the Future initiative, the industry works with the DOE and other partners to strategically invest in R&D to increase efficiency and environmental performance. Key areas of research include energy and process efficiency, environmental performance, and materials development.
The Cotocon Group Case Studies provides an overview of previous sustainable engineering consulting services conducted. We explore each building's problems/objectives, explain our methods, and the final result. Our sustainable engineering consulting services explained in this brochure are LEED Certification, Energy Star Certification, Energy Conservation Measure Analysis with Implementation, Energy Use Reduction + Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Building Energy Modeling.
The buildings these services were performed on are:
295 Madison Avenue
500-512 7th Avenue
The Laureate
Marriott at Penn Square Center
The document provides an overview of climate tech and venture capital investments in climate tech. It begins with introducing climate tech and its subsectors. It then discusses the current state of venture capital investments in climate tech, including the size and volume of investments, top geographies, and performance of climate tech companies. Specific areas that are hot right now are highlighted, such as direct air capture and electric aviation startups receiving large funding rounds in 2022. The document also covers trends in climate tech unicorns and discusses regulations and policies that may catalyze future climate tech investments in Europe. Deep dives are provided on supply chain transparency solutions and the voluntary carbon market.
This document discusses the opportunities for collaboration between the carbon trading industry and oil and gas industry. It notes that the oil and gas industry has expertise in managing greenhouse gases through technologies like carbon sequestration. It also has knowledge of alternative energy sources. However, challenges include regulatory compliance and managing financial and geopolitical risks. Repairing the ozone layer could help balance atmospheric carbon dioxide levels by reducing ocean acidification. Overall, the document argues that direct engineering solutions in addition to carbon trading are needed to meaningfully address climate change.
This document discusses the potential opportunities for collaboration between the carbon trading industry and oil and gas industry. It notes that the oil and gas industry has expertise in areas relevant to reducing greenhouse gas emissions like carbon sequestration and alternative energy technologies. However, it also acknowledges challenges like regulatory compliance and managing financial and geopolitical risks. The document examines specific opportunities for both industries in areas like carbon storage, renewable energy, and reducing emissions from oil production. It advocates for taking a multi-disciplinary, cross-industry approach to developing solutions.
This document provides an overview of renewable natural gas (RNG) production from sources like landfills and wastewater treatment plants. It discusses the background and reasons for increased interest in high-BTU RNG projects. Various biogas upgrading technologies like PSA, membranes, water scrubbing and cryogenics are described along with their pros and cons. Potential revenue sources for RNG projects like commodity sales, renewable fuel credits, and carbon offset markets are also outlined. The presentation concludes with a discussion of common site layouts, potential pitfalls, and contact information for the presenters.
The Future of Hydrogen & RNG in Canada, Part 1: The Potential of Hydrogen & R...Pembina Institute
The webinar discussed the potential for hydrogen and renewable natural gas (RNG) to decarbonize Canada's energy systems. It covered hydrogen and RNG production methods, costs, applications, and environmental benefits. Canada has natural advantages in its resources that could enable hydrogen production. RNG can be developed from organic waste and offers greenhouse gas reductions. Challenges to developing hydrogen and RNG industries include high capital costs, limited markets and incentives, and regulatory approval processes.
The document summarizes trends in climate tech and carbon removal strategies. It finds that climate tech is becoming a trillion dollar opportunity as the costs of solutions like solar and batteries decline. While emissions are still rising, exponential policy support and performance improvements in areas like solar and green steel integration mean emissions will peak this decade as climate tech scales up. Carbon removal strategies discussed include nature-based approaches like reforestation and regenerative farming, technical approaches like direct air capture and carbon storage, and hybrid approaches. Removal at gigatonne scales is needed to limit warming to 1.5C.
In the aftermath of Montreal Protocol, World is moving towards more eco friendly refrigerants. With zero ozone depletion potential and very less global warming potential, Hydrocarbon refrigerants seem to be promising.
Advanced Fossil Energy Technologies: Presentation by the US Dept of Energy Of...atlanticcouncil
This document discusses the goals and activities of the US Department of Energy's Office of Clean Coal, including its vision of enabling the environmentally-sound use of coal and fossil fuels through research into carbon capture and storage technologies. It outlines four goals: demonstrating near-zero emission fossil technologies; gaining public and regulatory acceptance of CO2 storage; conducting high-risk R&D on advanced coal technologies; and driving international collaboration on CCS. It also provides an overview of the office's major CCS demonstration projects currently underway or planned, which involve capturing and storing millions of tons of CO2 annually through techniques like pre- and post-combustion capture at coal power plants and industrial facilities.
Webinar: Green Hydrogen and Green Fuels – The Future of EnergyBIS Research Inc.
Visit these related reports for more information on our coverage for Green Hydrogen and Green Fuels.
Samples are available on request or you may also download the Table of Contents.
Green Methanol Market: https://bisresearch.com/industry-report/green-methanol-market.html
Green Hydrogen Market: https://bisresearch.com/industry-report/green-hydrogen-market.html
Green Ammonia Market: https://bisresearch.com/industry-report/green-ammonia-market.html
Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Market: https://bisresearch.com/industry-report/carbon-capture-utilization-storage-market.html
Similar to Carbon Negative Power Plants & Their Impact on the Environment (20)
The document discusses the rise of the knowledge economy and its environmental implications. It notes that more Americans now work in knowledge-intensive industries like biotechnology, semiconductors, and telecommunications than in traditional industries like manufacturing. It also discusses how knowledge-based industries are driving productivity gains and economic growth. The document argues this transition to a knowledge-based economy can help "cut the link between resource use and economic progress" by enabling a form of industrialization not based on resource exports.
This document discusses the impacts of human activity on fundamental natural processes like atmospheric gas concentrations and ways to address climate change. It outlines the history of international agreements like the Kyoto Protocol to limit emissions and establish carbon markets. However, issues remain around developing country participation and opposition from private sectors concerned about economic growth impacts. The document argues that new clean technologies can decouple emissions from growth but need proper economic conditions like higher resource prices to be competitive.
The document discusses the impact of human activity on climate change and the carbon cycle over the past several million years. It provides evidence that human emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are having a discernible and potentially catastrophic effect on global temperatures, sea ice, glaciers, extreme weather events, agriculture, and ecosystems. The document notes that while scientific uncertainty remains, computer models match observed temperature increases when both natural and human factors are included. It also discusses the major sources of greenhouse gases and emissions by country over time, showing that developing countries' emissions are growing as they industrialize.
New Frontiers in the Political Economy of Minerals & Hydrocarbons: Section II...Graciela Chichilnisky
This document discusses national oil companies (NOCs) and their role in the political economy of natural resources. It examines factors that determine nationalization of oil and gas resources, how to measure nationalization, and patterns of NOC formation over time. The document also analyzes differences between NOCs in terms of ownership structure, operational capacity, access to capital, efficiency, and regulatory frameworks. Case studies of Nigeria and Mozambique are presented to illustrate variations in contract structures and emerging energy markets. Potential advantages and disadvantages of NOCs for states are outlined, as well as political consequences of nationalization like impacts on political stability and state revenues.
New Frontiers in the Political Economy of Minerals & Hydrocarbons: Section IIIGraciela Chichilnisky
This document summarizes data on government revenues from natural resources in Mexico from 1900-1950. It includes data on coal, natural gas, and oil production in 2007 dollars. It also includes data on total government fiscal reliance on natural resources. The document indicates this data was assembled from sources like government treasuries, national budgets, central banks, and secondary sources to fill in gaps. It provides an example of calculating checks on the total revenue data and shows raw data from official Mexican treasury archives. The overall summary is that this document outlines the World Bank's proposal to construct new national-level datasets on natural resource production, prices, and government revenues spanning long time periods using existing government data.
Paris economic stakes of the Paris Climate Conference Oct 14th 2015Graciela Chichilnisky
The document discusses the need for carbon removal technology to combat climate change. It notes that remaining carbon neutral is not enough, and carbon-negative approaches are needed to actively reduce atmospheric CO2 levels. It describes how air capture technology, such as that developed by Global Thermostat, can make going carbon-negative possible by filtering CO2 from the air. Global Thermostat has developed an air capture technology that can reduce carbon from the atmosphere in a profitable way. The document advocates for funding a $200 billion per year Green Power Fund through international carbon markets to build carbon-negative power plants using air capture technology in developing regions.
Carbon Negative Technology & Green Power Fundthe Kyoto Protocol Carbon MarketGraciela Chichilnisky
The document discusses China's sustainable development goals and the upcoming COP21 climate negotiations in Paris. It proposes a solution of implementing a $200 billion per year Green Power Fund to build carbon negative power plants globally. This would be funded through expanding the carbon market and linking it to the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism. The technology exists to build power plants that can reduce carbon in the atmosphere and promote economic growth that cleans the air. Implementing these solutions at COP21 could avert catastrophic climate change by directly reducing carbon concentrations.
This document summarizes Peter Eisenberger's presentation on closing the carbon cycle for sustainability. It discusses using CO2 captured from the air along with hydrogen from water to provide carbon-negative energy and sequester carbon. This approach could meet energy and economic needs sustainably while protecting the climate. It outlines Global Thermostat's technology to capture CO2 using solid sorbents on monolith contactors, which can then be used to produce fuels or sequestered underground. The technology aims to make closing the carbon cycle economically viable.
- Excessive use of natural resources like air, water, fossil fuels, forests and biodiversity threaten human survival by undermining the planet. Humans have become the largest geological force changing the planet's atmosphere, waters and biodiversity.
- Climate change, water and air pollution, declining biodiversity and rising sea levels pose catastrophic global risks. Current economic systems fail to value environmental limits and connections between people, the environment and future generations.
- Green capitalism proposes new financial markets that value the global commons of the atmosphere, oceans and biodiversity to create sustainable development and end fear of environmental catastrophe. Technologies like carbon capture can reduce carbon in the atmosphere and support these new markets.
Euromoney green capitalism the end of fear pierre hotel nyc march 12 2014Graciela Chichilnisky
- Excessive use of natural resources like air, water, fossil fuels, forests and biodiversity threaten human survival and are changing the planet's climate and environment. [Climate change and loss of biodiversity pose catastrophic global risks.]
- Humans now dominate the planet and are responsible for connecting and changing the planet's atmosphere, water systems and species web in unprecedented ways. [This level of impact means we will soon reach natural resource and environmental limits, threatening humanity's survival.]
- New types of financial markets are needed to provide missing connections between economic values, environmental impacts, and future generations. [Carbon markets provide an example of how placing prices on emissions can incentivize clean energy and create new economic values
This document discusses the urgent need to address climate change and avoid human extinction. It makes three key points:
1) Humans have become the dominant geological force on the planet by changing the atmosphere, water bodies, and biodiversity. Climate change poses catastrophic risks like sea level rise and melting polar caps.
2) Current western economics lacks connections between people, the environment, and future generations, which is unsustainable. A carbon market can provide missing prices and incentivize clean energy.
3) New technologies like Global Thermostat's direct air capture can make fossil fuel plants carbon negative, reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and supporting a sustainable new economic model focused on knowledge over natural resources. Action is needed now to
El documento habla sobre los riesgos del cambio climático y la necesidad de adoptar energías limpias para evitar la extinción humana. Explica que los humanos dominan el planeta y están alterando la atmósfera, océanos y biodiversidad. Propone cambiar la legislación internacional para implementar mercados de carbono y energía limpia, así como desarrollar una economía sostenible basada en el conocimiento que valore los recursos naturales y asegure la supervivencia de la especie humana.
Air Capture & Carbon Negative Technology - The Global Context: In the Short and the Long Run - Graciela Chichilnisky (October 15, 2012 @ Oxford University)
Closing the Carbon Cycle for Sustainability - Peter Eisenberger (October 15, ...Graciela Chichilnisky
Closing the Carbon Cycle for Sustainability - A Key Strategy for Environmental Protection, Energy Security, and Economic Development - Peter Eisenberger (October 15, 2012 @ Oxford University)
Air Capture & Carbon Negative Technology - The Global Context; in the Short and the Long Run - Graciela Chichilnisky (October 16, 2012 @ Institute of Mechanical Engineering, London)
CLOSING THE CARBON CYCLE - Peter Eisenberger (October 16, 2012 @ London)Graciela Chichilnisky
The document discusses closing the carbon cycle as necessary for sustainability. It describes how nature closes the carbon cycle efficiently but humans have introduced an unidirectional flow. The document proposes that our species can close the carbon cycle through a bi-directional carbon-based energy process using CO2 from the air and hydrogen from water with solar energy. This approach could produce liquid fuels like gasoline and solve challenges of energy security, economic development, and climate change by providing a global thermostat to control atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
This document discusses the knowledge revolution and its impact on the environment and economy. It notes that the knowledge revolution is leading to a new knowledge-intensive economy focused on sectors like IT, biotechnology, and telecommunications. This new economy relies on knowledge rather than capital as the primary input and has replaced fossil fuels with information technology as the driving force. It is creating new environmental issues and opportunities to address problems through market-based solutions like emissions trading.
This document discusses human impacts on the biosphere and policy responses to atmospheric changes. It summarizes that human activity is now affecting natural processes like gas concentrations and species populations. The 1988 IPCC was created to address climate change. The 1992 Rio Earth Summit set emission reduction targets. Proposals to achieve the targets included global carbon taxes and markets, which were incorporated into the 1997 Kyoto Protocol through the author's proposal. The Kyoto Protocol established the first international emissions trading system to reduce greenhouse gases.
Toxicity assessment of dispersit SPC 1000 on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas...Open Access Research Paper
Unsustainable techniques, human activities, and laws used in the exploration and extraction of petroleum resources have wreaked havoc on the environment of the Niger Delta Region. This research assessed the toxicity of oil spill dispersant- Dispersit SPC 1000 on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. in water habitats. The bacteria were isolated following standard procedures by the spread plate technique. Percentage log survival was used as the toxicity index. The result of the findings showed that the survival rate decreased with increased concentration of Dispersit SPC 1000 and as the exposure periods increased while the mortality rate increased. The study also investigated the susceptibility of the test organisms to the toxicant concentrations and the result revealed a significant difference between the toxicant concentration and the susceptibility of the test isolates though the degree of toxicity differed in the isolates studied. It was observed that Dispersit SPC 1000 exerted a greater toxic effect on Pseudomonas spp. than on E. coli. The result of the 24th-hour acute toxicity of the toxicant at various concentrations showed that Dispersit SPC 1000 was more toxic to Escherichia coli (386.93) than Pseudomonas spp (459.72) in Freshwater and more toxic to Pseudomonas spp (15.96) than Escherichia coli (1293.96) in Marine water. This was evident in the lower LC50 for Escherichia coli in freshwater and Pseudomonas spp. in marine water.
Denzel Washington Siblings: A Comprehensive Look at the Family Behind the Legendgreendigital
Introduction
Denzel Washington is synonymous with exceptional talent and a distinguished career in Hollywood. But, behind the celebrated actor is a family that has shaped the man we see today. This article delves deep into the lives of Denzel Washington siblings. Exploring their individual stories, relationships, and contributions to the Washington family's legacy.
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Early Life and Family Background
The Washington Family Roots
Denzel Washington was born on December 28, 1954, in Mount Vernon. New York, to Reverend Denzel Hayes Washington Sr. and Lennis "Lynne" Lowe Washington. His parents were pivotal figures in their community. with his father serving as a Pentecostal minister and his mother as a beauty parlor owner. This robust and faith-driven upbringing laid the foundation for the values and discipline that Denzel and his siblings would carry throughout their lives.
Siblings: An Overview
Denzel Washington is one of three children. His older sister, Lorice Washington, and younger brother. David Washington, have each carved out their paths. contributing to their family and society. This section overviews their early lives before diving into more detailed biographies.
Lorice Washington: The Eldest Sister
Early Life and Education
Lorice Washington, the eldest of the Washington siblings. was born in Mount Vernon, New York. Growing up in a household that emphasized education and hard work. Lorice excelled in her studies and known for her nurturing nature. She often took on a caretaking role for her younger brothers.
Career and Personal Life
Lorice pursued a career in education, inspired by her parents' commitment to community and service. She became a well-respected teacher. dedicating her life to shaping young minds and fostering a love for learning. Lorice's influence on her students and her dedication to her profession reflect the values instilled in her by her parents.
Relationship with Denzel
As the eldest sibling, Lorice has always shared a close bond with Denzel. Their relationship characterized by mutual respect and admiration. Denzel often credits his sister for her unwavering support and for being a role model in his life. Their sibling bond has remained strong over the years. with Lorice playing a pivotal role in Denzel's personal and professional life.
David Washington: The Younger Brother
Early Life and Education
David Washington, the youngest of the Washington siblings. was also born in Mount Vernon, New York. Like his siblings, David raised in a household that valued discipline, education, and faith. He attended local schools and known for his athletic abilities and charming personality.
Career and Personal Life
Unlike his famous brother, David's career path diverged from the entertainment industry. He pursued a business career, leveraging his skills and education to build a successful professional life. David's entrepreneurial spirit and dedication to his work are testaments to the strong work et
Microbial load on raw bee pollen and bee bread across mid- and high-elevation...Open Access Research Paper
The bacterial population on raw bee pollen and bee bread did not vary significantly across the mid- and high-elevation areas planted with Arabica coffee, with values that range from 5.4 x 106 to 6.4 x 106cfu/g. On the other hand, significant and highly significant differences in the fungal population across the three locations were observed on bee pollen and bee bread, respectively. A low fungal population was recorded on bee pollen collected from the high-elevation area (Site 3-Miarayon, Talakag) with 3.6 x 104cfu/g which was comparable to the population on samples collected from the mid-elevation area (Site 1-Imbayao, Malaybalay City) with 5.4 x 104cfu/g. Similarly, a low fungal count was recorded on bee bread collected from the high-elevation area (Site 3-Miarayon, Talakag) with 3.0 x 104cfu/g. Moreover, seven bacterial isolates were associated with the bee pollen and bee bread samples; three colonies were Gram-positive and four colonies were Gram-negative based on their reaction to Gram stain. On the other hand, yeasts and filamentous fungal species (Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium) were present in the two honey bee products. This study demonstrates that the fungal population in raw samples of bee pollen and bee bread from Arabica coffee plants grown at high elevation is lower than that in samples from mid-elevation areas.
Growth and yield performance of red Okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) applied wit...Open Access Research Paper
The study was conducted to determine the effect of different foliar fertilizers on the growth and yield performance of red okra and specifically, the study aimed to determine the response of red okra in terms of: plant height (cm), number of fruits, length (cm) of fruits, weight (g) of fruits per plant; the yield in (kg) per hectare and return on investment. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in the study with four treatments and replicated four (4) times. The experimental treatments were as follows: T1 (control); T2 (Golden crop multi-NPK 12-2-44); T3 (Malago solid foliar fertilizer); and T4 (Yield master-crop growth enhancer 15-15-30+ME master). The result of the study did not show significant differences in plant height, but significantly different in terms of number of fruit, length of fruit, yield per hectare weight of fruits and yield per hectare sprayed with different foliar fertilizers was observed. Results of the study on plants sprayed with Foliar 3 (15-15-30+ME) T4 produces the longest average length (cm), heaviest weight (g) of fruits, and highest in yield per hectare and with the highest return on investment of 168.73%. The result of the study, on the application of foliar fertilizer Yield master-crop growth enhancer 15-15-30+ME to red okra is recommended to farmers within the locality. However, similar study using other vegetable crops should be conducted for more reliable and conclusive results.
Muhammadu: The Fearless Eco-Warrior Transforming Africa's Fight Against Plast...GREEN IWRITE RESEARCH LTD.
Join Muhammadu on his inspiring journey as he combats plastic pollution across Africa. Discover how his innovative solutions and unwavering determination are paving the way for a sustainable future, transforming communities, and protecting the environment.
Emergency response preparedness for Monsoon in humanitarian response.Mohammed Nizam
Emergency Preparedness for Monsoon presentation will help to know the protection risks due to heavy monsoon in refugee camps, emergency response plan, anticipatory action plan, challenges for monsoon and mitigation measures.
2. Carbon Negative Powerplants can Transform
US $53 Trillion global power plant
infrastructure from emitters to sinks for CO2
Cleaning the Atmosphere While Producing Electricity
Breakthrough
CONFIDENTIAL 2
3. Global Thermostat
Positive Business Impact
while Reversing Climate Change
Meeting Requirements of Byrd-Hagel Law 1997
3
• New Jobs
• Expanding Exports
• Economic Progress
CONFIDENTIAL 3
4. 4
2018: Moving Ahead at Breakthrough Speed
..Huge demand for
CO2 unmet..1
..Due to three
critical issues..
Limited, Stranded Supply: Natural
subterranean reserves are limited.
Supply is depleting and geo-
specific. Other sources are
inadequate
High Capture Costs: Competing
carbon capture methods
prohibitively expensive
Difficult to Transport:
CO2 is difficult to transport
economically. Trucking and pipelines
require significant capital investment
for an inefficient process
Industrial Markets:
Over $1tn, including: Food & Beverages,
Enhanced Oil Recovery, Refrigeration
& Greenhouses, Carbonates,
Concrete/Cement, Polymers,
Graphene, Crop Improvement
Oil & Gas:
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR),
Clean up of Natural Gas
Processing
Renewable Fuels:
Algae Biofuels, Synthetic
Gasoline
1. Appendix: CO2 – A MARKET FLOODED BY DEMAND
GT’s Competitive Advantage vs. Existing Supply
CONFIDENTIAL
5. ENORMOUS UNMET DEMAND FOR CO2
GT’s Competitive Advantage vs. Existing Supply
Huge demand for
CO2 unmet..
Industrial Markets
Food & Beverages,
Refrigeration & Greenhouses,
Carbonates, Concrete/Cement,
Polymers, Crop Improvement
Emerging Technologies
Bio-plastics, Graphene,
Carbon Fibers
Renewable Fuels
Algae Biofuels, Synthetic
Gasoline
..due to three
critical issues..
Limited, Stranded Supply
Natural subterranean reserves
are limited. Supply is depleting
and geo-specific.
Other sources are inadequate
High Capture Costs
Competing carbon capture
methods prohibitively
expensive
Difficult to Transport
CO is difficult to transport2
economically. Trucking and
pipelines require significant capital
investment for an inefficient process
.. GT addresses
these issues
.. GT provides an unlimited
supply of CO2
.. GT captures CO2 at a
fraction of the cost of
traditional sources from
flue gas or ambient air
.. GT offers modular, “plug
and play” units that can be
located anywhere
For the first time in human history abundant, low cost CO2 is available anywhere, anytime.
CONFIDENTIAL
5
7. 7
GT HISTORICAL TIMELINE
2016201520132010
Incubation
Key author of the Kyoto
protocol establishes
Global Thermostat (GT)
with leading researchers
from Princeton, Harvard,
Columbia and Stanford
Universities
Capitalization
Through 2015, GT successfully
raises an aggregate of $29.5
million anchored by Edgar
Bronfman, NRG, and Vice
Media
Technology Validation
GT collaborates with industry
leaders Corning, Linde, NRG
Haldor Topsoe, and BASF.
Achieves 32 patents to date,
protected in 147 countries. GT
proprietary modules achieve
an unprecedented
competitive advantage with
industry-leading margins
Partnerships
GT proliferates the global
CO2 value chain with key
partnerships including
NRG, Georgia Tech,
Corning, SRI, and Linde
as strategic partners
Commercialization &
Scale Up Deployment
GT starts exploring
commercial contracts to
address market demand
Pilot Demo Plant Commercial Demo Plant
2017
Funding and
Commercial Construction
GT successfully closes
investment round of $20
million bringing the
aggregate amount of
funding to $42 million. GT
starts building first
commercial plant for
major carbonated
beverage producer
First GT
Commercial
Plant (4,000/
TPY) Completed
at Huntsville, AL
For Global leading
provider of
carbonated
beverages and
production of bio-
degradable
plastics
2018
Commercial Plant
CONFIDENTIAL
8. 8
COMMERCIAL VALUE PROPOSITION
Lowest
Cost
We produce CO2 below $50 per metric tonne.
Energy provided by low cost residual low
temperature heat (85° C) rather than electricity
The modularity of our plants keeps CapEx
deployment in line with demand and utilization
Our Direct Air Capture technology nearly eliminates
prohibitive distribution costs in the C02 industry.
A major and unprecedented CO2 market disruptor
Most
Scalable
No
Transportation
Carbon
Negative
Addresses long-term environmental and economic
issues
Reliable, lowest cost CO2 available anytime, anywhere in the world
CONFIDENTIAL
9. 9
HOW IT
WORKS
Our proprietary
Cyclic Adsorptive
CO2 Capture method
selectively captures
high-purity CO2 from
free air at any
location. The process
also conserves
energy in an efficient
heat cycle
2
Step 2: Carbon Capture
Monoliths coated with GT’s
proprietary aminopolymer
sorbent selectively bind CO2
from the air
Step 4: Heat Transfer
Two regeneration
chambers operating 50%
out of phase transfer heat
back and forth to reduce
sensible heat requirement
by half
4
Step 3: Regeneration
Pure CO2 is released by 85°
- 90°C steam and the
sorbent is regenerated
3
Step 1: Air Input
Zero cost feedstock,
carbon directly from the
air, is accessible
anywhere in the world
1
CONFIDENTIAL
10. 10
2010: 1st PILOT GT PLANT
Captures CO2 directly from air
SRI International (formerly Stanford Research Institute), 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025
CONFIDENTIAL
11. 11
2013 COMMERCIAL GT DEMO PLANT at SRI
Captures CO2 from SRI fossil fuel power plant and also directly from air
[GT achieves US DoD/DoE Technology Readiness Level-8 (TR8)]
333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025
CONFIDENTIAL
13. 13
2018 GT COMMERCIAL PLANT in Huntsville, Alabama
First GT Commercial Plant (4,000/ TPY)
Huntsville, Alabama
Full-scale GT-DAC
18m tall, 50m long, 6m wide
50,000 tonnes CO2 / year
Containerized GT-Carburetor
40’ ISO container
10,000 tonnes CO2 / year
Conceptual design for
Containerized Carburetor
is complete. Next step is
detailed engineering.
Basic design for Full-scale
modules completed with
NRG and Sargent & Lundy.
Next step is detailed
engineering.
CONFIDENTIAL
15. 15
LEADERSHIP
Dr. Graciela Chichilnisky
CEO & Cofounder
Dr. Peter Eisenberger
CTO & Cofounder
Edgar Bronfman, Jr.
Executive Chairman
•World leading economist and mathematician
•Two PhD’s: Math, MIT; Economics, Berkeley
•Successful Entrepreneur: Founded & sold
financial services tech companies FITEL, and Cross
Border Exchange
•Authored Kyoto Protocol carbon market
•Tenured Professor at Columbia University,
previously at Harvard and Stanford
•2015 “CEO of the Year” Selected by IAIR, Yale
Club NY April 2015
•Leader and technology innovator in global
energy industry and CO2 capture
•20+ year career including global R&D head at
Exxon and lead scientist at Bell Labs
•Tenured professor, former Vice Provost at
Columbia University
•Founding Director Columbia University Earth
Institute
•Founding Director Princeton University
Materials Institute
•Chairman, Endeavor Global
•General Partner at Accretive LLC
•Former Chairman and CEO of the Warner
Music Group
•Recently successfully sold Warner for
US$3.3 billion
•Former President and CEO of the
Seagram Company
CONFIDENTIAL
16. 16
GT AWARDS
“World’s Top-10 Most Innovative Company in Energy” –
Fast Company, April 2015
“2015 CEO of The Year: Graciela Chichilnisky”
– Yale Club of New York City IAIR Award, April 2015
“2016 Top 50 Most Innovative Company in Renewable
Energy”
– Company Energy, May 2016
“Finalist and $250k Grant Winner”
– NYSERDA, June 2016
“World's Top 50 Innovators from the Industries of the Future: Graciela
Chichilnisky ”
– Codex, July 2017
“The Companies with Most Disruptive Innovation”
- Insights Success, 2018
“The 30 Most Innovative Companies to Watch 2018”
– Insights Success Magazine, March 2018
CONFIDENTIAL
17. 17CONFIDENTIAL
Graciela Chichilnisky , c: +1.646.623.3333
+1.212.678.1148 | www.globalthermostat.com
OFFICES
New York
660 Madison Avenue, Suite 1215
New York, NY 10065
LABORATORIES
Atlanta
Advanced Technology Development Center
Georgia Institute of Technology
311 Ferst Dr NW
Atlanta, GA 30332
Silicon Valley
SRI (formerly Stanford Research Institute)
333 Ravenswood Ave
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Contact
19. Technology Operation
Step 1: Air Input
• GT uses monolith contactors like those in a tailpipe catalytic converter
• Contactors provide high surface contact areas at low pressure drop
• Enables movement of large air volumes with effective contact of CO2 at low cost
Step 2: Carbon Capture
• GT sorbents proven highly effective by Georgia Tech - confirmed by SRI, BASF,
Corning, and DN Veritas
• Process to deposit immobilized amines in pores of the contactor walls at high
loading by Corning, Haldor Topsoe, Applied Catalysts
Step 3: Regeneration
• CO2-rich sorbent is heated with low-temperature process heat steam (95°C)
• CO2 is collected and sorbent is regenerated (thermal and sweep gas cycle)
• CO2 can be stored or used in multiple commercial applications
• 16 minute cycle per panel for ambient air
Step 4: Heat Transfer
• Neighboring module has completed Step 2, and enters its regeneration box
• That box is evacuated, and connected to the hot box from which CO2 was just
removed
• Water evaporates from hot monoliths (cooling them) and condenses on cool
monoliths, warming them
• This sharing provides 50% of the heat for the cool monoliths
GT Module Adsorption
Phase
Regeneration
Phase
Monolith Contactors
+ Sorbent “Cartridge”
95° Steam
CO2 Collection
GT Module Adsorption
Phase
Regeneration
Phase
Ambient Air
Monolith Contactors
+ Sorbent “Cartridge”
`
GT Module Adsorption
Phase
Regeneration
Phase
Ambient Air
Monolith Contactors
+ Sorbent “Cartridge”
GT Module Adsorption
Phase
Regeneration
Phase
Monolith Contactors
+ Sorbent “Cartridge”
Evacuated steam
from hot box to
neighboring
box/module
19
19CONFIDENTIAL
20. 20
GT Technology Breakthroughs
Contactor Efficiency
• GT modeled different types of contactors, finding honeycomb monoliths significantly
outperform all others on a {Surface Area} / {Pressure Drop} / {$} basis
• Channels parallel to the direction of flow minimize pressure drop while maximizing
contact area
• Impingement of CO2 onto active material orthogonal to flow
Regeneration Efficiency & Heat Recovery
• Using steam as sweep gas in addition to heat transfer fluid reduces regeneration
temperature to as low as 75C
• Evolved CO2 is rapidly swept away from the surface, depressing the effective PCO2
experienced by the desorbing media
• Sensible heat is recycled by coupling two regeneration boxes in opposite phase
• 50% reduction in sensible heat requirement by preheating a full canister by
evaporatively cooling an empty canister
Generational Improvement of Adsorption Media
• Fixed dimension of individual monoliths within a canister allow for direct
replacement with new materials with improved performance
• No change in plant components necessary
20CONFIDENTIAL
21. Global Thermostat Module Embodiments & Capacities
1. Diluted Flue Gas Capture (GT-Carb)
• CO2 captured from flue gas of fossil fuel power plant
• Electricity, flue gas, and heat integration with power plant
• Capable of high levels of flue stream decarbonization
2. Direct Air Capture (GT-DAC)
• CO2 captured directly from the atmosphere at 400 ppm
• Heat integration capability with nearby manufacturing or downstream processes
• No power plant proximity requirement or flue gas retrofit
• Remote CO2 capture possible if integrated with available on-site energy
3. Standalone Integrated CO2 Capture (GT Self-Carb)
• On-site nat. gas CoGen plant provides total heat and power needs for CO2 capture and
delivery,
• CO2 emissions from CoGen flue gas captured by GT-Carb modules, remaining heat and
electricity used to power GT-DAC modules
• Ideal for larger applications in remote locations without co-located heat
Commercial Module Capacities to Scale with Demand:
21
Containerized Module Full-scale Module
GT-DAC 1,000 – 4,000 MT/y 50,000 MT/y
GT-Carb 10,000 MT/y 100,000 MT/y
21CONFIDENTIAL
22. 22
Status of Other GT Embodiment Designs
Self Carburetor- Local Power Source CO2 + DAC
Full-scale GT-DAC
18m tall, 50m long, 6m wide
50,000 tonnes CO2 / year
Containerized GT-Carburetor
40’ ISO container
10,000 tonnes CO2 / year
Full-scale GT-Carburetor
18m tall, 17m long, 20m wide
100,000 tonnes CO2 / year
Basic design for Full-scale
modules completed with
NRG and Sargent & Lundy.
Next step is detailed
engineering.
Conceptual design for
Containerized Carburetor
is complete. Next step is
detailed engineering.
22CONFIDENTIAL
23. 23
Global Thermostat Containerized DAC Module
For Global leading provider of carbonated beverages
Under Construction Now in Huntsville, AL USA Expecting: Fall 2018 Mechanical
Completion
Containerized GT-DAC Fall 2018 Continuous Operation
2 standard 40-ft. ISO containers + 1 auxiliary container
Nominal 1st module capacity of 3,000 MT CO2 / year
Ultimate nominal capacity of 4,000 MT / year
Includes NG Cogen unit for heat + power generation
23CONFIDENTIAL
24. 24
Brief Summary of Huntsville DAC Plant
• Commissioning Completed
• Prioritized subsystem testing for extensive preventative assessment
to reduce cost and mitigate fully assembled operational risks
• Regeneration chamber / seals vacuum testing
• Panel movement system accelerated testing
• Production Sorbent Apparatus performance
• PLC / HMI : automated operation and automated safe shutdown
24CONFIDENTIAL
30. 30
R&D - Material Performance Improvements
Substrate Alumina Coating Sorbent
• Cell Density & Open Face Area
• Pressure drop
• External mass transfer
coefficient
• Maximum capture efficiency
• Thermal mass
• Material
• Thermal mass
• Cost
• Thickness
• Loading capacity
• Pressure drop
• Mesoporosity and
Macroporosity
• Sorbent capacity
• Sorbent accessibility
• Sorbent kinetics
• Polymer type & molecular
weight
• Activity, selectivity
• Oxidative, hydrothermal,
and cyclic stability
• Workability
• Regenerability
• Cost
• Loading
• Uptake kinetics & efficiency
• Thermal mass
• Cost
30CONFIDENTIAL
31. Original SRI monoliths
Production monoliths
for Huntsville plant
31
Monolith Performance Evolution
1. 6.5 L / 30 min; 13
L/h
2. 16 L / 15 min; 64
L/h
3. 21 L / 15 min; 84
L/h
Gen.
Potential Next Generation
31CONFIDENTIAL
32. 32
Global Thermostat CO2 Product Specifications
• Product CO2 from GT DAC process is >98.5 vol% CO2 purity (dry basis)
• Balance (<1.5%) composition = feed composition
• For onsite delivery of beverage grade CO2, downstream purification and
liquefaction by turnkey skid-mounted unit
• Purification/liquefaction solutions to liquid ISBT standard CO2 (CGA Grade I)
from (e.g.) TOMCO2, Pentair, ASCO, & others.
• Alternative GT patent-pending process for the production of high purity CO2
(99.9%+) directly via the GT process
• Avoids the need for cryogenic polishing processes
• To be demonstrated with GT DAC plant in Huntsville
• In general, high purity CO2 can be provided if needed by:
• GT producing beverage grade directly
• Standardized system from turnkey manufacturer
• Integration with existing capability from an industrial gas partner
Sample DAC
Product CO2
Composition
CO2 98.71%
O2 0.27%
N2 1.01%
Ar 116 ppm
Ne 230 ppb
He 65 ppb
SO2 12 ppb
NOx 7 ppb
VOC n/a
32CONFIDENTIAL
33. 33
Plant Capex & Cost Reduction Pathways
• 1st Plant Capex (without Cogen units): ~2MM USD
• Significant one-time costs of detailed engineering, manufacturing equipment setup
(seal molds, monolith extrusion dies, regeneration box templates, etc.)
• 2nd Plant and Beyond cost reductions from vendor volume discounts, assembly learning,
streamlined instrumentation, etc.
• See below charts from joint report from GT’s fabricator and EPC regarding cost
reductions with # of units
• Further cost reductions from automated manufacturing, learning by doing, etc.
33CONFIDENTIAL
34. 34
Cost Reduction Pathways (continued)
• Monolith cost reductions estimated by Corning, Haldor Topsoe to be up to a factor of 2 with
large scale manufacturing
• E.g. Corning’s fully robotic facility for Celcor substrates reduced manufacturing costs by
a factor of 3 for automotive and stationary ceramic monoliths
• China has costs 4x or more lower
• With generational Monolith performance improvements, per-tonne Capex will decrease as
well as Opex
• Same CAPEX that delivers 4,000 tonnes/year can have 5,000 tonne/year capacity with
25% increase in per-monolith CO2 capture performance - 6000 tonne/year possible
• Scheduled monolith exchange can provide step-change in plant productivity and
economics with drop-in generational replacements
• Overall, the CAPEX of a GT plant is likely to decrease by 50% over 1st plant CAPEX
• CAPEX per tonne can decrease even further with increased productivity
• OPEX per tonne will also decrease as monolith performance increases
34CONFIDENTIAL
35. 35
Future Development Plans
• Further expansion of R&D personnel and capabilities
• New R&D facilities to enable larger scale testing and synthesis
• Developing Joint Development Agreements with Suppliers
• Exploring development of in-house Sorbent Apparatus monolith
manufacturing
35CONFIDENTIAL
36. 36
RENEWABLE ENERGY
AND
MATERIALS ECONOMY
Industrial Version of Photosynthetic Process
• Inputs
Renewable Energy, Carbon from the air, Hydrogen from Water
• Outputs
Carbon Neutral Synthetic Fuels
Carbon Negative Materials (eg carbon fiber )
36CONFIDENTIAL
Editor's Notes
Peter-- This is the slide that illustrates the performance improvements yielded by the material improvements tabulated on the previous slide. Gen 1 = SRI (Corning/BASF, off-the-shelf); Gen 2 = Haldor Topsoe production run for Huntsville; Gen 3 = Research Grade samples from Corning next-gen parts