“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and cooling applications” – Prof Amin Al-Habaibeh, Nottingham Trent University
“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and cooling applications” – Prof Amin Al-Habaibeh, Nottingham Trent University, presenting at the Net Zero Conference 2022, ‘Research Journeys in/to Net Zero: Current and Future Research Leaders in the Midlands, UK’ (on Friday 24th June 2022 at De Montfort University)
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“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and cooling applications” – Prof Amin Al-Habaibeh, Nottingham Trent University
3. 3
Contents
➢ Introduction to the technology.
➢ Case studies from the UK.
➢ Commercialisation Opportunities.
➢ Commercialisation Challenges.
➢ Commercialisation key issues to
consider.
4. This work was supported by
1. Innovate UK, Knowledge Transfer Partnership
number 9032
2. Low-Carbon After-Life (LoCAL) financed by
the European Commission, Research Fund for Coal and
Steel, (Contract No.: RFCR-CT-2014-00001).
3. Alkane Energy Ltd
4
6. Some facts and Figures
6
• UK coal production total circa 12,000,000,000
tonnes (12 billion tonnes)
• Residual void space (10%) is about 1,000,000,000
m3 (1 billion m3)
• Mostly filled with water at about 14 degree C and
above
Advantages:
• Price stability
• Security of supply
• Low carbon emission
Source: Alkane Energy
7. Access to water in
Flooded Coal Mines
7
*Source: The Coal Authority
• In the UK, coal mining technology
programs pump nearly 112 million
mega litres per annum of water.*
• This is equivalent to 44,800
Olympic swimming pools
8. 8
28 kW
7 kW
1 l/s @ 14 0C
COP heating = 4
21 Kw (from the
mine water)
5 0C
ΔT
Energy from 1 litre of water
Heat extracted = Cp x ΔT x m
Where Cp = volumetric heat capacity of water = 4200J/l/oC
ΔT = temp difference input to output, say 5oC
m = flow in l/s
heat (energy)
supplied to or
removed from the
reservoir
Work (energy)
consumed by the
heat pump
17. Water out of the mine
at 15.4 degree c
15.4 degree c
13.5 degree c
Comparison between the temperatures of the input pipe to the
system and the return pipe
Markham
18. 18
y = 0.0008x + 13.247
R² = 0.0088
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mine
water
inlet
temperature
in
degree
C
Days of operation
Minewater inlet temperature variation over time
Markham Results
27. July 1, 2022 27
Inman Building
The GTHP system
Lagoon
Pumped
water from
coal mine
National Coal Mining Museum
Extracting Energy From Flooded Coal Mines
28. Buffer
Tanks
Heat
pump
Shell and Tube heat exchanger
Mesh filter
Heat
meter 1
Heat
meter 2
Energy
meter
Lagoon
Mine Water circuit
Brine circuit
Clean Water circuit
31. 31
• Support Net Zero Strategies.
• Efficient and stable technology for cooling and heating applications.
• To develop a better peak demand efficiency.
• The technology is suitable for low temperature district heating.
• Data Centres and the need for cooling makes the water from flooded coal
mines a very suitable technology for use in cooling.
• The technology will encourage sustainable development and long term
commercial cost savings.
• The technology could help reducing energy poverty and support local
councils to meet development goals.
Key Opportunities
32. 32
Key Challenges
• Complex or not well understood regulations and permissions on the short and long
terms.
• ‘Champions’ (investors) are needed to lead the way.
• It is still not a well-known or understood technology for many consumers or
companies to invest in.
• There are cultural issues as far as the technology is concerned, particularly with the
dependence on gas boilers in most buildings for heating, particularly in the UK.
• There is a lack of clear model to follow on all stages and on the long term.
• There is variation in infrastructure and running costs and the breakeven models.
• The technology only possible for areas with flooded coal mines, which makes it
suitable for special locations only, particularly with water not at high depth.
• Cost of pumping is dependent on the depth of water, which could create variability
in the system. Selling the product is complex, because can only be done locally via
local district heating systems.
• Legal issues are not well understood
33. 33
• There is a need to develop clear models and case studies for government organisations
and businesses, such as Barredo coal Mine (Spain), where large systems case studies
can be developed.
• The cost of infrastructure could be high for pipes and district heating, therefore, there
is a need to engage local councils or government organisations. Otherwise, the cost of
the initial infrastructure would be too high to be developed by small or medium size
energy companies.
• Such case studies can play a key role in convincing developers, local authorities and
funding organisations with the technology.
• It is a source of renewable green energy that is load balancing. The technology is
sustainable and can reduce carbon emission.
• There is potential source of income for developers.
Issues to Consider Further
34. 34
Conclusions
Pathways to commercialisation
Short term: The technology could be feasible commercially for
the short term if some conditions are available:
1. Infrastructure bore hole is available.
2. Water already pumped (for other reasons)
3. Government organisations can absorb the cost of infrastructure.
4. One main user of energy (e.g. hospital, university, shopping
mole), where discussion and discussions can be simplified.
5. Water level is high (low energy for pumping).
35. 35
Conclusion.
Pathways to commercialisation
Long Term: On the long term, the following measures should
be taken:
1. Integrate the technology with education.
2. More public engagement programmes are needed.
3. Educate energy installers companies and provide training
courses on how the technology works and how much it should
cost.
4. Some legal issues should be resolved regarding the
technology, particularly in relation to district heating.
5. The need to be able to change suppliers or ensure reasonable
cost (cheaper than current technologies).
37. Selected List of publications
AL-HABAIBEH, A., SHAKMAK, B., ATHRESH, A., PARKER, K. and HAMZA, O., 2022. Extracting energy from
flooded coal mines for heating and air-conditioning of buildings: opportunities and challenges. In: D.
BIENVENIDO-HUERTAS and J. MOYANO-CAMPOS, eds., New technologies in building and construction: towards
sustainable
AL-HABAIBEH, A., ATHRESH, A.P. and PARKER, K., 2018. Performance analysis of using mine water from an
abandoned coal mine for heating of buildings using an open loop based single shaft GSHP
system. Applied Energy, 211, pp. 393-402. ISSN 0306-2619
THRESH, A.P., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and PARKER, K., 2017. An innovative and integrated approach for using
energy from the flooded coal mines for pre-warming of a gas engine in standby mode using
GSHP. Energy Procedia, 105, pp. 2531-2538. ISSN 1876-6102
BANKS, D., ATHRESH, A., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and BURNSIDE, N., 2017. Water from abandoned mines as a heat
source: practical experiences of open- and closed-loop strategies, United Kingdom. Sustainable Water
Resources Management. ISSN 2363-5037
ATHRESH, A.P., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and PARKER, K., 2016. The design and evaluation of an open loop ground
source heat pump operating in an ochre-rich coal mine water environment. International Journal of Coal
Geology, 164, pp. 69-76. ISSN 0166-5162
ATHRESH, A., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and PARKER, K., 2015. Innovative Approach for Heating of Buildings Using
Water from a Flooded Coal Mine Through an Open Loop Based Single Shaft GSHP System. Energy
Procedia, 75, pp. 1221-1228. ISSN 1876-6102
ATHRESH, A.P., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and PARKER, K., 2016. An innovative and integrated approach for using
energy from the flooded coal mines for pre-warming of a gas engine in standby mode using GSHP. In:
8th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2016), Beijing, China, 8-11 October 2016.
MOHAMED, A.M.A., AL-HABAIBEH, A. and ABDO, H., 2016. Future prospects of the renewable energy sector
in libya. In: SBE16 Dubai Conference, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 17-19 January 2016.
ELGARGNI, M.A. and AL-HABAIBEH, A., 2015. Analytical and comparative study of using a CNC machine
spindle motor power and infrared technology for the design of a cutting tool conditio
37
38. Thank you
For further details, please contact
Amin Al-Habaibeh
Amin.AL@ntu.ac.uk
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