This presentation explores the challenges and opportunities in achieving energy savings in multifamily buildings from an “on the ground” perspective. Utilizing case studies and examples from recent CEE research and energy efficiency programs, this presentation provides an overview of technologies and strategies that have proven to be effective and marketable energy efficiency measures in MN multifamily buildings, including; ventilation system retrofits, optimizing boiler control systems, optimizing condensing boilers, retrofitting trash chutes, and adding demand-based controls to domestic hot water recirculation pumps.
FRICK Industrial Refrigeration has over 100 years of experience using natural refrigerants such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons for industrial refrigeration applications. They have numerous case studies showing projects using these refrigerants dating back to the late 1800s. Their case studies highlight benefits including reduced refrigerant charge amounts, energy savings up to 16.5%, and resulting cost savings ranging from $14,000 to $63,000 per year. FRICK continues to provide industrial refrigeration solutions using natural refrigerants tailored to various market applications such as food and beverage processing and cold storage facilities.
The document summarizes a study that tested advanced load monitoring controllers on hydronic boiler systems in multifamily buildings in Chicago to reduce cycling and save energy. The controllers monitored supply water temperatures and prevented boilers from firing for up to 15 minutes during low load conditions. Testing found energy savings of up to 14% during shoulder months for a building with boilers cycling over 100 times per day, while a building with fewer cycles saw 7% savings. Savings depend on how oversized boilers are for their loads and are greater in shoulder seasons when cycling rates are higher. The controllers can be easily installed and provide savings without affecting tenant comfort, but the level of savings varies by system and proper prediction requires knowledge of cycling rates and equipment sizing
Energy and Indoor Air Quality Impacts of DOAS Retrofits in Small Commercial B...RDH Building Science
Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) typically accounts for 30% to 50% of commercial building energy use. Small commercial buildings often use oversized and inefficient rooftop air handling units (RTUs) to provide both air conditioning and ventilation. A conversion strategy to reduce energy
consumption is the installation of a very high efficiency dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) to provide ventilation with a separate heat pump system to provide heating and cooling. Decoupling the heating and cooling from ventilation allows for improved energy efficiency and control of space conditions. Upgrades to mechanical systems can also improve the indoor air quality (IAQ) and comfort through control of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, dry bulb temperature, and relative humidity (RH).
A pilot study of eight buildings was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of replacing existing RTUs with high efficiency heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) and air source heat pumps in the Pacific Northwest. This report contains results for a subset of seven buildings for which data is available. The
building energy use before and after the conversion was determined using utility data, energy modeling and monitoring. Indoor environmental conditions were measured at hourly intervals for up to one year postconversion using CO2, temperature, and RH sensors. The data was analyzed to determine changes in energy use and IAQ before and after the conversion.
This paper presents the pilot building results pre- and post-conversion. While several factors need to be in place to ensure optimal performance and cost effectiveness, the pilot shows that replacing RTUs with DOAS systems in existing commercial buildings can both reduce energy use as well as improve indoor environmental conditions. This conversion type is viable for a wide variety of building types and scale-up of the retrofits has the potential to significantly improve a previously underserved segment of the building stock.
Presented by James Montgomery at the 15th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology.
The document discusses opportunities for the HVACR industry in Australia to transition to more energy efficient technologies and reduce emissions. Key points include:
- The industry could reduce energy costs by 60%+ ($8 billion annually), reduce GHG emissions by 50%, and cut national emissions by 7% by transitioning HVACR systems.
- Natural refrigerant-based technologies are more energy efficient, lower cost, and can reduce emissions, but awareness in the supply chain is low.
- A transition is needed to train industry professionals, commercialize new technologies, and establish management systems to support low global warming potential refrigerants. Collaboration between government, industry and end users will be important for driving innovation.
This document provides information about various credits in the LOTUS New Construction energy category. It discusses prerequisites and credits related to minimum energy efficiency, passive design, total building energy use, building envelope, building cooling, artificial lighting, energy monitoring and management, and lifts. For each credit, it provides requirements, calculation methods, compliance options, and examples of projects that have earned the credit. The document aims to help project teams understand the goals of each credit and identify strategies to incorporate energy efficient design features for certification under LOTUS New Construction.
Telehouse north 2 presentation for dcw 2015 finalexcoolltd
The document describes the design of Telehouse North Two, a new multi-story indirect air cooled data center in London. Some key points:
- It uses an innovative indirect air cooling system with cooling units stacked on an external plant gantry to minimize the footprint.
- Sophisticated control strategies and a newly developed emergency water saving mode were developed to achieve industry-leading efficient water and energy consumption with a PUE less than 1.16.
- Extensive modeling was done to optimize the building form, cooling system layout, and air flow to ensure adequate cooling distribution throughout the data halls.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on residential water heating technologies. It discusses various gas and electric water heating options, including storage water heaters, tankless water heaters, hybrid water heaters, heat pump water heaters, and electric thermal storage water heaters. New developments in the field like thermosiphon heat pump water heaters and potential code changes requiring higher efficiency units are also covered. The presentation aims to educate attendees on improving water heating efficiency and reducing costs for homeowners and utilities.
Sự kiện là buổi thứ 8 trong khuôn khổ chuỗi đào tạo online về Công trình xanh do VGBC tổ chức.
Trong buổi này, chúng ta sẽ thảo luận về các nhóm tiêu chí Sức khoẻ và tiện nghi thường được đề cập trong các Hệ thống tiêu chí công trình xanh, như tiện nghi nhiệt, chất lượng không khí trong nhà, chiếu sáng tự nhiên, tiện nghi âm học, v.v. Chúng ta cũng sẽ thảo luận một số giải pháp để đạt được các tiêu chí này một cách hiệu quả.
One Angel Square is a 72.5 meter, 14 floor office building in Manchester, England constructed between 2010-2013. It has 329,218 square feet of leasable office space and features a distinctive curved facade, full height atrium, and double skin facade to enable natural lighting, heating and cooling. The building utilizes sustainable design and construction practices like a CHP plant powered by vegetable oil, LED lighting, recycled materials, and rooftop planting to enhance biodiversity.
Energy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and Engineersenergytrustor
The document provides an agenda and summary of updates from an Energy Trust of Oregon technical training meeting. The meeting covered updates to technical guidelines, including changes to baseline HVAC systems, pre-approved bundled measures, and pool dehumidification. It also discussed recent Oregon energy code changes and tools for building energy modeling like OpenStudio and EDAPT.
leed, rating system, green designs, sustainability, green concept, different rating systems of leed, manitoba hydro place, leadership in energy and environmental design, comparison between leed and other rating system , leed india
District Heating and Cooling Connection Handbook provides guidance on connecting buildings to district energy systems. It discusses:
1) The fundamentals of district heating and cooling, including heat sources, distribution networks, and the customer interface known as the energy transfer station.
2) Design considerations for interfacing buildings with district systems, including the components and operation of energy transfer stations and secondary building systems.
3) A process for converting existing buildings to district energy, covering tasks from surveying the building to testing the new system.
4) Case histories of buildings that were converted to district cooling networks. The document aims to help engineers and consultants design efficient and cost-effective connections between buildings and district energy infrastructure.
Heat recovery ventilation is a means of energy conversation in buildings. Because of reducing ventilation exhaust air, can play a good role in the effectiveness of ventilation to reduce energy use. As building efficiency is improved with insulation and weather stripping, buildings are intentionally made more airtight, and consequently less ventilated. Since all buildings require a source of fresh air, the need for HRVs has become obvious.
Planning and building energy efficiency buildingsManar Ramadan
Energy efficient buildings provide environmental, economic, and social benefits. They have lower energy demands and costs over the lifetime of the building. Key aspects of energy efficient design include site selection considering sun exposure and wind; compact building forms oriented for maximum sunlight; insulation and ventilation optimized for heat retention and air flow; and use of passive solar features, energy-efficient materials, and renewable energy systems like solar heating. Water recycling and waste management systems also contribute to sustainability.
This document provides an overview of the Center for Energy and Environment's (CEE) work assessing and retrofitting central ventilation systems in multifamily buildings. CEE has experience evaluating over 2,000 multifamily buildings in Minnesota and has completed several research projects on optimizing multifamily ventilation funded by the Minnesota Department of Commerce. Their proposed process involves assessing existing ventilation system types like central exhaust and corridor supply systems, measuring airflow rates, identifying issues, and retrofitting systems like adjusting dampers or fan speeds to reduce excessive outdoor air intake and save energy. Feedback is sought on improving their proposed assessment and retrofit techniques.
The retrofit of 4 Mort Street in Canberra from 2010 aimed to improve the building's energy efficiency and NABERS rating. Key steps included an energy audit, building simulation, and upgrades to the HVAC system and lighting. This included changing to natural gas heating, installing a BMS and VAV air distribution. The retrofit was successful, increasing the NABERS rating from 2 to 4.5 stars, reducing electricity use by 30% and annual emissions by 70%, saving $120,000 per year.
Whole Building Modeling Using OpenStudioenergytrustor
The document discusses tools for whole building energy modeling using OpenStudio. It summarizes baseline automation which takes a proposed building model and automatically generates a 90.1 Appendix G baseline model for comparison. It also discusses a parametric analysis tool (PAT 2.0) and OpenStudio's roadmap for 2017 which includes new capabilities like optimization, a web-based interface, and expanded support for advanced building controls.
Hero to Zero: Understand and meet Vancouver's new energy and emission require...Lauren-Lee Camp
Vancouver has an audacious goal of being net-zero by the year 2050. Rod Yeoh, Principal Mechanical Engineer at DIALOG, wraps your head around Vancouver's new stringent energy and emissions requirements.
This presentation will help answer the following questions: What are the new Bylaw requirements? What does this mean to the development community? How are we going to meet these new requirements?
Rod puts requirements into real terms, providing examples of existing performance and high level strategies of how to meet the new Green Building Policy.
Water – Energy Nexus, revised PDF by Candace BrownRobert Singleton
An updated presentation by Candace Brown for the Water Supply Advisory Committee Ideas Convention.
Proposal Summary:
I propose sustainable clean water through a reliable clean energy source--ocean energy.
Ocean wave machine is rotated by wave energy. Wave machine drives the generator rotor, pump to store the water at high level, compressor to store the air in compressed air storage plant. Here it is presented the different method to harness wave energy.
General objective
discuss the various ocean energy sources
interpret the energy transformation in wave energy conversion
discuss the working of various type wave energy plant
Specific objectives
define the wave energy
write benefits and application of wave energy system
explain the types of wave energy plant
The document summarizes REDstack's blue energy project on the Afsluitdijk in the Netherlands. REDstack is developing technology to generate electricity from mixing salt and fresh water using reverse electrodialysis. They are building a test facility on the Afsluitdijk to test stacks and membranes under real-world conditions using water from the Waddenzee and Ijsselmeer. The project involves building buffer tanks, intake structures and equipment to generate 50 kW of power over 4 years of testing and development.
This document describes the design and components of a wind turbine generator. It contains sections on the basic components of a wind turbine - the DC motor, blades, and tower. It explains that a DC motor is used to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy. Common wind turbine designs use either two or three blades attached to a hub. The tower raises the rotor and blades to heights with higher wind speeds. Diagrams and specifications are provided for a sample 3-foot wind turbine design, including dimensions, a gearbox ratio, and intended applications for power generation.
This document discusses various methods of ocean energy conversion including ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), tidal energy, and wave energy. It provides a brief history of OTEC development and describes the working principles of closed-cycle and open-cycle OTEC systems. Advantages include being environmentally friendly and providing a constant energy source, while disadvantages include high capital costs and potential environmental impacts. Applications include desalination and aquaculture. Tidal energy uses barrages and basins to capture potential and kinetic energy from tidal fluctuations, while wave energy technologies include oscillating water columns and floating devices.
This document describes a bladeless wind turbine called the Vortex wind turbine. It has no blades or other moving parts like gears or bearings. Instead, it uses vorticity, where wind breaks against the solid structure and causes it to oscillate, capturing the energy. It is composed of a single structural component called the Vortex, a supporting rod, and a piezo-electric alternator to convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy. The bladeless design has advantages of lower installation and maintenance costs than traditional wind turbines since there are no blades or other parts that can break. It also occupies less space and produces less noise than traditional designs.
Typmarvn_Vertical and Herizontal Axis Wind TurbineThai Minh Dan
TYPMAR presented a proposal for a hybrid wind and solar street light system. They discussed how their vertical axis wind turbine, called a Maglev wind turbine, has several advantages over traditional horizontal axis wind turbines, such as being able to generate power starting at very low wind speeds, having no mechanical components so it is quieter and lower maintenance, and having lightning protection built into its design. They proposed installing their Maglev wind turbines combined with solar panels on street lights to provide a green energy solution for powering public lighting. The presentation provided details on their wind turbine and company, as well as examples of their products being used for applications like street lighting and on ships.
Ocean energy harnesses energy from waves, tides, salinity gradients, and ocean thermal differences and has the potential to be a large renewable energy source. It accounts for around 0.1% of global energy production currently but could be developed further. There are two main categories - thermal energy from the sun's heat in surface waters and mechanical energy from tides and waves. Examples of technologies under development include wave farms using turbines on shorelines or floating devices offshore, as well as tidal barrages and tidal stream generators. While ocean energy has advantages of predictability, it also faces challenges of high costs and environmental impacts that need addressing for fuller commercial development.
OTEC utilizes the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep ocean waters to generate electricity. Using the Rankine cycle, warm water is used to evaporate a working fluid like ammonia in a heat exchanger, the vapor then drives a turbine which powers a generator before being condensed back into a liquid using cold deep water. While OTEC provides clean energy and fresh water, the large infrastructure needs and costs have limited its commercial development to date.
The document discusses the basic requirements and design considerations for running a wind mill. It notes that atmospheric pressure should be 8.5 bar and efficiency increases 100% for every 10 meters in height. Blades should be airfoil shaped and made of materials like NACA 44 or 63 to withstand all weather conditions. Running wind mills faces challenges of being unpredictable, intermittent, and occupying large areas for power production. Materials used include aluminum sheets, hub, main shaft, bearings, gearbox, generator, and worm gears. A model demonstrates how moving air contains kinetic energy that can be calculated and converted to power.
The document discusses vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) as an option for residential wind power generation. It provides information on several VAWT models available ranging from 500W to 20,000W capacity. State rebates of 30-60% are available in California, New Jersey, and New York to help reduce the cost of installing a VAWT. VAWTs have advantages over traditional horizontal axis turbines for residential use, such as being lower profile and able to generate power from any wind direction.
A solar tree is a decorative means of producing solar energy and also electricity. It uses multiple no of solar panels which forms the shape of a tree. The panels are arranged in a tree fashion in a tall tower/pole.
TREE stands for
T= TREE GENERATING
R=RENEWABLE
E=ENERGY and
E=ELECTRICITY
This is like a tree in structure and the panels are like leaves of the tree which produces energy.
The document provides an introduction to renewable energy sources for power generation. It discusses various renewable energy technologies including wind and solar energy. For wind energy, it describes the technology behind wind turbines and key components. It also discusses solar photovoltaic and concentrating solar thermal plant technologies. The document then provides current installed capacities and scenarios for wind and solar energy in India.
Wind energy has a long history dating back thousands of years. Modern utility-scale wind turbines are much larger than early designs and can power hundreds of homes. While wind is a renewable resource, it fluctuates and is not a constant power source. Wind farms are best used alongside other renewable energy sources. Technological advances continue to be made to optimize wind energy production and integrate it into energy systems.
This document provides an overview of solar energy. It discusses that solar energy originates from thermonuclear fusion in the sun and consists of radiant light and heat. It also discusses different types of solar radiation and how solar energy can be used for heating, cooling, and generating electricity through solar thermal technologies and photovoltaic cells. The document also discusses current and future prospects of solar power development in Pakistan.
“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and ...Kyungeun Sung
“Towards net zero: extracting energy from flooded coal mines for heating and cooling applications” – Prof Amin Al-Habaibeh, Nottingham Trent University, presenting at the Net Zero Conference 2022, ‘Research Journeys in/to Net Zero: Current and Future Research Leaders in the Midlands, UK’ (on Friday 24th June 2022 at De Montfort University)
Summit Power Group is a developer of clean energy projects including carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Sasha Mackler discussed Summit's focus on developing CCS projects to provide CO2 for enhanced oil recovery and produce low-carbon electricity. Mackler outlined two of Summit's major CCS projects - the Texas Clean Energy Project, a coal gasification facility that will capture 3 million tons of CO2 per year, and the Captain Clean Energy Project in the UK, which will capture over 3.8 million tons of CO2 per year from an integrated gasification combined cycle facility. Mackler noted that while CCS technologies are commercially viable, successful large-scale projects are still needed to demonstrate the business case for implementing C
The Climate Trust is a non-profit carbon management firm that has managed over $20 million in carbon funding for projects in ten sectors across nine states and two countries. It aims to accelerate innovative climate solutions by providing expertise, financing, and inspiration. To meet the goal of limiting global warming to 2 degrees C, global emissions need to be capped at 1,000 gigatons by 2100; however, half of that carbon budget has already been emitted by 2011. Aggressively implementing building codes and standards that meet 2030 efficiency targets can dramatically reduce emissions and transform the building sector into a solution for climate change.
Advanced Fossil Energy Technologies: Presentation by the US Dept of Energy Of...atlanticcouncil
This document discusses the goals and activities of the US Department of Energy's Office of Clean Coal, including its vision of enabling the environmentally-sound use of coal and fossil fuels through research into carbon capture and storage technologies. It outlines four goals: demonstrating near-zero emission fossil technologies; gaining public and regulatory acceptance of CO2 storage; conducting high-risk R&D on advanced coal technologies; and driving international collaboration on CCS. It also provides an overview of the office's major CCS demonstration projects currently underway or planned, which involve capturing and storing millions of tons of CO2 annually through techniques like pre- and post-combustion capture at coal power plants and industrial facilities.
Waste-to-energy (WtE), also known as energy-from-waste, is the process where energy (typically heat and electricity) is generated using waste as a fuel source. This is often done through direct combustion using waste incinerators – i.e. burning the waste – or the production of combustible fuel from a gas such as methane.
The document summarizes information presented at a seminar on heat pumps and renewable energy technologies. It discusses sustainable development and various forms of renewable energy like heat pumps, solar, and wind. It then focuses on heat pumps, explaining how they work, their advantages over gas boilers in terms of cost and carbon emissions, and different types of ground source heat pumps. Micro district heating solutions are also introduced. The document concludes by covering incentives for renewable technologies like the Renewable Heat Incentive and loans available for businesses and organizations.
Planning and sustainable energy (February 2013)PAS_Team
This presentation will help you to understand the role of planning in adapting to and mitigating against the effects of climate change. It will help you understand some of the language and policy approaches to these issues.
This document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) as an approach to mitigating climate change. It describes the three main steps of CCS: capture of carbon dioxide from large emission sources like power plants; transport of the captured CO2; and underground storage. Several operational CCS plants are highlighted as examples. The document examines the costs and energy requirements of CCS technologies currently, but notes costs are expected to decline over time. It also explores the potential role of CCS in reconciling development of hydrocarbon resources with emission reduction goals.
The document summarizes a project exploring hydrogen barrier coatings for gas network assets to enable the repurposing of existing gas infrastructure for hydrogen transport. Key findings include identifying high priority assets for coating, screening potential barrier coating materials with the most permeation-resistant being metals, and evaluating coating deposition technologies. The next steps proposed are to develop and validate complete coating systems and deposition processes through further testing and trials.
Best Practice Clean Finance and Investment in Energy Efficiency - Singgih W. ...OECD Environment
This document discusses key points from a webinar on clean energy finance and investment in Indonesia. It outlines Indonesia's commitments under the Paris Agreement to limit global warming and transition to low-carbon development. The webinar addressed how climate change will impact energy production and consumption through factors like increased electricity demand for cooling and effects on different energy sources. Barriers to energy efficiency projects in Indonesia are also summarized, along with how ESCO models can help guarantee energy savings performance.
Policy Forum Series: Daugherty - Natural Gas & Minnesota's Energy Future, the...Environmental Initiative
The document discusses how abundant and affordable natural gas is driving growth in key areas like electric generation, combined heat and power (CHP), and natural gas vehicles (NGVs). While inexpensive natural gas does not significantly change how gas utilities plan investments in distribution systems, it increases the likelihood customers will choose natural gas. The expanded use of natural gas provides environmental benefits and energy efficiency programs remain important despite low natural gas prices.
This document discusses the opportunities for collaboration between the carbon trading industry and oil and gas industry. It notes that the oil and gas industry has expertise in managing greenhouse gases through technologies like carbon sequestration. It also has knowledge of alternative energy sources. However, challenges include regulatory compliance and managing financial and geopolitical risks. Repairing the ozone layer could help balance atmospheric carbon dioxide levels by reducing ocean acidification. Overall, the document argues that direct engineering solutions in addition to carbon trading are needed to meaningfully address climate change.
This document discusses the potential opportunities for collaboration between the carbon trading industry and oil and gas industry. It notes that the oil and gas industry has expertise in areas relevant to reducing greenhouse gas emissions like carbon sequestration and alternative energy technologies. However, it also acknowledges challenges like regulatory compliance and managing financial and geopolitical risks. The document examines specific opportunities for both industries in areas like carbon storage, renewable energy, and reducing emissions from oil production. It advocates for taking a multi-disciplinary, cross-industry approach to developing solutions.
World energy consumption is increasing due to population growth, economic development, and increased transportation. Conventional energy sources like coal, oil, and gas are finite and will be depleted, so alternative renewable sources need to be developed. Underground coal gasification is a potential method to utilize unmineable coal seams by drilling wells to introduce oxidants to convert coal to synthesis gas in situ. Key benefits are exploiting thin or deep coal seams and reducing environmental impacts compared to surface mining, but capital costs are high and product gas quality can vary.
This document presents 14 case studies evaluating the techno-economic performance of solid sorbent-based carbon capture and storage (CCS) at pulverized coal power plants. The case studies find that a solid sorbent CCS system can achieve comparable efficiency to liquid amine systems but with a levelized cost of electricity around $161/MWh. High capital costs, particularly for heat exchangers, contribute significantly to the cost. Additional cases explore the potential effects of sorbent degradation and identify heat exchanger design as an area for cost reduction.
BCI Equinox 2022 - CLB Kien Truc Xanh - Ms PhanThuHang - ENARDOR
Ms. Hang Phan has been the Chair of Vietnam Green Building Council (VGBC) since 2018, responsible for the VGBC Board of Directors to formulate strategic directions of the Council that drive the green building agenda for Vietnam. Ms. Hang has over 20 years’ experience in building science. Her first major is in Architecture before extending the scope to building management and material, and currently is the APAC Sustainable Market Development Director in Saint-Gobain.
She is also a certified Coach & Trainer, especially for Sustainability coaching, helping to make conscious choices for a new lifestyle, in harmony with nature.
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Về BCI:
Tập đoàn Truyền thông Xây dựng BCI hoạt động báo cáo các dự án xây dựng tương lai trong khu vực châu Á Thái Bình Dương.
BCI là cầu nối thông tin giữa các chuyên gia tư vấn thiết kế đang tìm kiếm sản phẩm để chỉ định cho các dự án và các nhà cung cấp đang tìm cách thông báo cho các nhà thiết kế về những sản phẩm và công nghệ xây dựng mới. Để làm điều đó, BCI tiến hành hơn 250.000 buổi gặp mặt và điện thoại phỏng vấn với kiến trúc sư, chủ đầu tư, kỹ sư và nhà thầu mỗi năm, báo cáo các dự án với tổng giá trị khoảng 400 tỷ đô la Mỹ.
Bên cạnh việc đề cao sự minh bạch và hiệu quả thông qua dịch vụ nghiên cứu, BCI cũng xuất bản tập san FuturArc, Construction+ và các tạp chí kiến trúc khác.
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Về Câu lạc bộ Kiến trúc Xanh TP.HCM (CLB KTX TP.HCM):
Câu lạc bộ Kiến trúc Xanh TP.HCM được thành lập vào tháng 09/2011 là nơi tập hợp các thành viên từ nhiều lĩnh vực, có cùng quan tâm và nhiệt huyết trong việc thúc đẩy sự phát triển các Công trình Xanh tại Việt Nam.
Trải qua gần 11 năm hoạt động, cùng sự hỗ trợ của Trung tâm Tiết kiệm Năng lượng TP.HCM và Hội Kiến trúc sư TP.HCM trong thời gian đầu, CLB KTX TP.HCM ngày càng phát triển với số lượng thành viên chính thức hơn 500 người, tổ chức được nhiều Hội thảo chuyên ngành lớn về kiến trúc, quy hoạch, cảnh quan, nhà ở, vật liệu, trang thiết bị, công nghệ và năng lượng xanh, v.v.
Các hội thảo được CLB tổ chức theo hướng trao đổi kiến thức, chia sẻ giải pháp và ứng dụng thực tiễn, với sự tham gia của các đơn vị đồng hành và đặc biệt là của các chuyên gia cùng lĩnh vực ở cả trong và ngoài nước.
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- News: https://www.futurarc.com/new/bci-equinox-ho-chi-minh-city-focuses-on-net-zero-carbon-and-wellness/
- News: https://www.constructionplusasia.com/vi/bci-equinox-2022-chu-de-net-zero-carbon-wellness/
This document summarizes a geothermal energy project in Puerto Rico using Single-Well Engineered Geothermal Systems (SWEGS). It outlines the team developing the GTherm Green Boiler, including engineering, drilling, and research partners. It then describes how the SWEGS works by drilling a central well with lateral holes to harvest heat via heat pipes. The document discusses the flexibility and environmental benefits of the closed-loop system. It analyzes Puerto Rico's energy profile and compares the levelized costs of GTherm to other power sources. Finally, it presents the future considerations and applications of GTherm systems.
This webinar in the Water business’ Essential Insights series discusses approaches to energy efficiency and resource recovery, including industry initiatives, innovations and case studies.
Similar to Energy and environment (ocean energy is blue energy) (20)
proses menemukan cara mengkomunikasikan seseorang, sebuah jabatan, sebuah peran melalui Personal branding
design dan perencanaan untuk mengembangkan seseorang menjadi makna branding memerlukan kecermatan untuk memulai dan menentukan penampilan dan sajian yang tepat
Pengembangan pendidikan mengarah pada personalized learning. Design process pendidikan makin lama harus mengikuti tuntutan jaman, serta mendorong self learning yang makin kuat dan pilihan life long learning yang makin mandiri.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Peluang bisnis bakery dan cake shop meningkat karena pola jajan dan snacking masyarakat muda semakin sering.
2. Pendapatan masyarakat meningkat dan pengeluaran untuk makanan berkisar 20-35% sedangkan untuk non-makanan 65-80%.
3. Analisis klaster menunjukkan variasi konsumsi bahan makanan dan non-makanan di Jawa Timur.
Tantangan pengembangan statistik semarangTeguh Andoria
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang tantangan pengembangan statistik. Statistik diperlukan untuk memandu berbagai aspek kehidupan seperti pembangunan, kesehatan, pendidikan. Namun, pengembangan statistik masih menghadapi tantangan seperti keterbatasan indikator baru dan inovasi untuk mengukur perubahan sosial dan ekonomi. Dokumen ini juga menyoroti pentingnya statistik dalam mengukur dan memahami perkemb
Statistika digunakan untuk mempelajari fenomena sosial, bisnis, kesehatan, dan ilmu pengetahuan lainnya dengan mempertimbangkan ketidakpastian dan variasi. Statistika membantu mengambil keputusan berdasarkan bukti dengan mengumpulkan data, menganalisis pola, dan mempresentasikan hasilnya.
Dokumen tersebut membahas prospek bisnis event organizer di Indonesia dan berbagai topik terkait seperti kebutuhan masyarakat kelas menengah akan pengalaman event, jenis-jenis event yang ada, manajemen event, hubungan antara event dengan bisnis, dan beberapa contoh besar klub sepak bola dan sponsor mereka."
Secara sederhana, franchise dapat didefinisikan sebagai metode menstandarkan seluruh sistem kerja bisnis yang anda jalankan dan telah terbukti kualitasnya untuk kemudian bisa diduplikasi dan dijalankan oleh orang lain(pembeli franchise). Pembeli franchise-pun dapat menggunakan brand dan sistem kerja tadi berdasarkan kesepakatan yang telah disetujui bersama.
Peningkatan kesejahteraan industri garamTeguh Andoria
Tiga poin utama dari dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Produksi garam di Indonesia sangat bergantung pada Madura, terutama Pamekasan, meskipun potensi lahan garam masih belum dimanfaatkan sepenuhnya.
2. Kendala utama industri garam Indonesia adalah cuaca yang tidak menentu dan ketergantungan pada teknologi tradisional.
3. Diperlukan peningkatan kualitas, produktivitas, dan integrasi rantai pasok untuk menc
Creative Industry (Commercial Product, Branding and Image Building)Teguh Andoria
The document discusses creative industries and creative problem solving. It notes that creative industries encompass a wide range of fields from traditional arts and crafts to technology services. Specific sub-sectors mentioned include visual arts, literature, design, music, performing arts, audiovisuals, and digital animation. The document then provides several examples of creative problem solving approaches applied to developing new products and services.
Peran Social Media Dalam Business dan Dampaknya Untuk Penyebaran IdeaTeguh Andoria
1. Social media has become a major platform for word-of-mouth marketing as it allows recommendations from friends to reach a wider audience.
2. Several key statistics are presented on social media usage in Indonesia, including that Indonesia has the largest population of social media users in Asia and over 55 million Indonesians used the internet as of late 2011.
3. Data is shown on technology penetration rates across Indonesian provinces in 2011, with Java, Riau, and DIY having above average national penetration of internet, computers, mobile phones, and landlines.
Bertambahnya jumlah pemilih potensial pada Pemilu 2014 sebesar 20 juta orang akan menjadi tantangan bagi penyelenggaraan pemilu yang demokratis. Kelompok pemilih pemula dan mereka yang tidak menyelesaikan pendidikan formal membutuhkan sosialisasi yang lebih intensif. Peningkatan partisipasi pemilih dan pengendalian isu-isu kependudukan perlu menjadi perhatian bersama antara partai politik dan masyarakat.
Drs. Kresnayana Yahya, M. Sc discusses several topics related to Indonesia's economy and demographics. Some key points include:
- Indonesia has a large and young population, with 66% of its people between the ages of 15-64. This presents opportunities to maximize Indonesia's remaining demographic dividend.
- Several industries have seen strong GDP growth between 2007-2012, including manufacturing (25% growth), trade (39% growth), and transportation & communication (86% growth).
- East Java province presents investment opportunities, such as developing the newly constructed bridge connecting Surabaya to Madura island into a National Strategic Development Area.
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Beberapa peran ICT dalam mendukung keberlanjutan lingkungan dan pembangunan berkelanjutan meliputi:
1. Memfasilitasi pengumpulan dan analisis data lingkungan secara real-time untuk pemantauan dan pengukuran dampak aktivitas manusia terhadap lingkungan seperti kualitas udara, air, tanah, keanekaragaman hayati, dan lainnya.
2. Mendukung tata kelola sumber daya alam yang lebih baik dengan sistem informasi geografis
The document discusses plans for mentoring activities and student career guidance. It talks about what students need, including motivation, guidance, exploring talents and interests, developing a spirit for working creatively. It emphasizes developing independence, freedom to find one's direction and identity, and maturity to make one's own decisions. The role of mentors is to design open communication processes, be role models, and help students find their talents and future direction. The goal is to help students discover themselves and their potential challenges in life, and have the will to develop continuously.
This document discusses quality and the challenges of maintaining quality. It notes that customer expectations and demands are increasing while loyalty is decreasing. It emphasizes the importance of building a quality image for Indonesian products and services and ensuring that all work meets certification standards. Maintaining quality requires having proper data and planning without assumptions. Quality leadership is needed to address challenges such as rising customer purchasing power, increasing customer value expectations, and greater demand variability.
This document discusses several topics related to maritime economics in Indonesia. It begins by looking at population growth trends globally and notes that Indonesia has a relatively young median age of 28. It then examines Indonesia's demographic bonus from its large youth population. Several charts show unemployment and poverty rates and targets in Indonesia. The document discusses Indonesia's marine/maritime sector and potential, including industries like ports, shipping, fisheries, aquaculture, oil and gas. It notes Indonesia's marine economy could be worth $1.2 trillion annually. Finally, it discusses opportunities for developing Indonesia's blue economy through areas like marine tourism, energy, food, and more.
The document discusses integrating information and communication technology (ICT) in learning. It discusses several frameworks for stages of ICT integration in education, including emerging, applying, infusing, and transforming stages based on the UNESCO model. It emphasizes that pedagogy and technology must be integrated to meet changing and complex learning needs in the digital age, where students will increasingly rely on information development. The challenges of future jobs will require diverse, non-standardized skills based on personal strengths like design, arts, culture, and leadership. Success will be defined by individual competencies and cultural abilities rather than administrative measures.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pentingnya peningkatan kapasitas bagi guru dan profesi keguruan. Dokumen tersebut menyatakan bahwa menjadi guru membutuhkan komitmen untuk terus belajar dan mengembangkan diri, karena profesi guru sangat penting namun juga membutuhkan pengembangan berkelanjutan. Dokumen tersebut juga menekankan bahwa proses pengembangan diri dan peningkatan kapasitas guru diper
Tiga kalimat ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
Dokumen tersebut membahas tantangan pendidikan abad ke-21 yang meliputi pengembangan karakter siswa, kemampuan multibahasa, literasi teknologi informasi, dan kepedulian terhadap perubahan iklim. Dokumen tersebut juga membahas sasaran akhir pembelajaran yaitu terbentuknya siswa yang berkarakter kuat, mandiri, dan berwawasan lingkungan.
Transcript: Details of description part II: Describing images in practice - T...BookNet Canada
This presentation explores the practical application of image description techniques. Familiar guidelines will be demonstrated in practice, and descriptions will be developed “live”! If you have learned a lot about the theory of image description techniques but want to feel more confident putting them into practice, this is the presentation for you. There will be useful, actionable information for everyone, whether you are working with authors, colleagues, alone, or leveraging AI as a collaborator.
Link to presentation recording and slides: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/details-of-description-part-ii-describing-images-in-practice/
Presented by BookNet Canada on June 25, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
How Netflix Builds High Performance Applications at Global ScaleScyllaDB
We all want to build applications that are blazingly fast. We also want to scale them to users all over the world. Can the two happen together? Can users in the slowest of environments also get a fast experience? Learn how we do this at Netflix: how we understand every user's needs and preferences and build high performance applications that work for every user, every time.
INDIAN AIR FORCE FIGHTER PLANES LIST.pdfjackson110191
These fighter aircraft have uses outside of traditional combat situations. They are essential in defending India's territorial integrity, averting dangers, and delivering aid to those in need during natural calamities. Additionally, the IAF improves its interoperability and fortifies international military alliances by working together and conducting joint exercises with other air forces.
Paradigm Shifts in User Modeling: A Journey from Historical Foundations to Em...Erasmo Purificato
Slide of the tutorial entitled "Paradigm Shifts in User Modeling: A Journey from Historical Foundations to Emerging Trends" held at UMAP'24: 32nd ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (July 1, 2024 | Cagliari, Italy)
Navigating Post-Quantum Blockchain: Resilient Cryptography in Quantum Threatsanupriti
In the rapidly evolving landscape of blockchain technology, the advent of quantum computing poses unprecedented challenges to traditional cryptographic methods. As quantum computing capabilities advance, the vulnerabilities of current cryptographic standards become increasingly apparent.
This presentation, "Navigating Post-Quantum Blockchain: Resilient Cryptography in Quantum Threats," explores the intersection of blockchain technology and quantum computing. It delves into the urgent need for resilient cryptographic solutions that can withstand the computational power of quantum adversaries.
Key topics covered include:
An overview of quantum computing and its implications for blockchain security.
Current cryptographic standards and their vulnerabilities in the face of quantum threats.
Emerging post-quantum cryptographic algorithms and their applicability to blockchain systems.
Case studies and real-world implications of quantum-resistant blockchain implementations.
Strategies for integrating post-quantum cryptography into existing blockchain frameworks.
Join us as we navigate the complexities of securing blockchain networks in a quantum-enabled future. Gain insights into the latest advancements and best practices for safeguarding data integrity and privacy in the era of quantum threats.
How RPA Help in the Transportation and Logistics Industry.pptxSynapseIndia
Revolutionize your transportation processes with our cutting-edge RPA software. Automate repetitive tasks, reduce costs, and enhance efficiency in the logistics sector with our advanced solutions.
this resume for sadika shaikh bca studentSadikaShaikh7
I am a dedicated BCA student with a strong foundation in web technologies, including PHP and MySQL. I have hands-on experience in Java and Python, and a solid understanding of data structures. My technical skills are complemented by my ability to learn quickly and adapt to new challenges in the ever-evolving field of computer science.
MYIR Product Brochure - A Global Provider of Embedded SOMs & SolutionsLinda Zhang
This brochure gives introduction of MYIR Electronics company and MYIR's products and services.
MYIR Electronics Limited (MYIR for short), established in 2011, is a global provider of embedded System-On-Modules (SOMs) and
comprehensive solutions based on various architectures such as ARM, FPGA, RISC-V, and AI. We cater to customers' needs for large-scale production, offering customized design, industry-specific application solutions, and one-stop OEM services.
MYIR, recognized as a national high-tech enterprise, is also listed among the "Specialized
and Special new" Enterprises in Shenzhen, China. Our core belief is that "Our success stems from our customers' success" and embraces the philosophy
of "Make Your Idea Real, then My Idea Realizing!"
Performance Budgets for the Real World by Tammy EvertsScyllaDB
Performance budgets have been around for more than ten years. Over those years, we’ve learned a lot about what works, what doesn’t, and what we need to improve. In this session, Tammy revisits old assumptions about performance budgets and offers some new best practices. Topics include:
• Understanding performance budgets vs. performance goals
• Aligning budgets with user experience
• Pros and cons of Core Web Vitals
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The DealBook is our annual overview of the Ukrainian tech investment industry. This edition comprehensively covers the full year 2023 and the first deals of 2024.
In this follow-up session on knowledge and prompt engineering, we will explore structured prompting, chain of thought prompting, iterative prompting, prompt optimization, emotional language prompts, and the inclusion of user signals and industry-specific data to enhance LLM performance.
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This is the combined Sessions of ACE Atlassian Coimbatore event happened on 22nd June 2024
The session order is as follows:
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2. Harnessing the power of GenAI for your business by Siddharth
3. Fallacies of GenAI by Raju Kandaswamy
Hire a private investigator to get cell phone recordsHackersList
Learn what private investigators can legally do to obtain cell phone records and track phones, plus ethical considerations and alternatives for addressing privacy concerns.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/07/intels-approach-to-operationalizing-ai-in-the-manufacturing-sector-a-presentation-from-intel/
Tara Thimmanaik, AI Systems and Solutions Architect at Intel, presents the “Intel’s Approach to Operationalizing AI in the Manufacturing Sector,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
AI at the edge is powering a revolution in industrial IoT, from real-time processing and analytics that drive greater efficiency and learning to predictive maintenance. Intel is focused on developing tools and assets to help domain experts operationalize AI-based solutions in their fields of expertise.
In this talk, Thimmanaik explains how Intel’s software platforms simplify labor-intensive data upload, labeling, training, model optimization and retraining tasks. She shows how domain experts can quickly build vision models for a wide range of processes—detecting defective parts on a production line, reducing downtime on the factory floor, automating inventory management and other digitization and automation projects. And she introduces Intel-provided edge computing assets that empower faster localized insights and decisions, improving labor productivity through easy-to-use AI tools that democratize AI.
Implementations of Fused Deposition Modeling in real worldEmerging Tech
The presentation showcases the diverse real-world applications of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) across multiple industries:
1. **Manufacturing**: FDM is utilized in manufacturing for rapid prototyping, creating custom tools and fixtures, and producing functional end-use parts. Companies leverage its cost-effectiveness and flexibility to streamline production processes.
2. **Medical**: In the medical field, FDM is used to create patient-specific anatomical models, surgical guides, and prosthetics. Its ability to produce precise and biocompatible parts supports advancements in personalized healthcare solutions.
3. **Education**: FDM plays a crucial role in education by enabling students to learn about design and engineering through hands-on 3D printing projects. It promotes innovation and practical skill development in STEM disciplines.
4. **Science**: Researchers use FDM to prototype equipment for scientific experiments, build custom laboratory tools, and create models for visualization and testing purposes. It facilitates rapid iteration and customization in scientific endeavors.
5. **Automotive**: Automotive manufacturers employ FDM for prototyping vehicle components, tooling for assembly lines, and customized parts. It speeds up the design validation process and enhances efficiency in automotive engineering.
6. **Consumer Electronics**: FDM is utilized in consumer electronics for designing and prototyping product enclosures, casings, and internal components. It enables rapid iteration and customization to meet evolving consumer demands.
7. **Robotics**: Robotics engineers leverage FDM to prototype robot parts, create lightweight and durable components, and customize robot designs for specific applications. It supports innovation and optimization in robotic systems.
8. **Aerospace**: In aerospace, FDM is used to manufacture lightweight parts, complex geometries, and prototypes of aircraft components. It contributes to cost reduction, faster production cycles, and weight savings in aerospace engineering.
9. **Architecture**: Architects utilize FDM for creating detailed architectural models, prototypes of building components, and intricate designs. It aids in visualizing concepts, testing structural integrity, and communicating design ideas effectively.
Each industry example demonstrates how FDM enhances innovation, accelerates product development, and addresses specific challenges through advanced manufacturing capabilities.
5. Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan lingkungan
• Peningkatan aktivitas ekonomi dan pendayagunaan
sumber alam menjadi kenyataan yang belum
diperhitungkan sisi perusakan dan penurunan daya
lingkungan
• Integrasi seluruh perhitungan dan penghitungan
potensi sumber alam dan seluruh mata rantainya
memerlukan suatu strategy baru
• System National Account 2008 akan diperkenalkan
secara bertahap untuk mengintegrasikan seluruh
kegiatan dan perhitungan ekonomi dengan
pemanfaatan dan neraca sumber alam yang ada
5
7. Perencanaan Bisnis dan pembangunan
• Keyakinan masa lalu bahwa neraca sumber alam kita
masih sangat berlebih harus di imbangi dengan
penghitungan berapa penurunan daya lingkungan
secara faktual
• Kecepatan dan pemborosan pemanfaatan sumber alam
justru sedang menjadi ancaman dan kerugian masa
depan
• Panduan untuk perilaku dan gagasan pembaharuan
kebijakan energy terpadu dengan seluruh proses
pemanfaatan lingkungan harus menjadi upaya baru
• Perpacuan dan perebutan lahan untuk pangan dan
Energy akan terjadi tanpa kendali kebijakan
7
8. 8
IEA Sounding the Alarm on Global GHG
Emissions
• IEA Estimates* (May 29th 2011, Guardian Article)
§ 2008: 29.3 gigatonnes of CO2
§ 2009: 29.0 “
§ 2010: 30.6 “ (highest ever)
• Small effect of the recession on emissions
• 80% of current power stations will still be in use in
2020 locking in 11.2 Gt
• Gap in scaling back on nuclear cannot be filled by
renewables à increase reliance on fossil fuels
• Continued shift to unconventional resources
*Upcoming World Energy Outlook (2011) 8
9. 9
The Unconventional Reality
Conventional 0il & Gas
Oil Shale
Tight Gas
CBM
Shale Gas
Gas Hydrate
Gas-to-liquids
Heavy Oil
Deep GasBiofuels
Costs
Energy Intensity
GHG Emissions
Tight Oil
9
10. 10
EES Technical Arm of CCEMC*
A new approach for advancing
transformative technology
• 16 projects approved in
Round #1 and #2
§ Energy Efficiency : 12 projects -
$33 M
§ Renewables: 5 projects - $38 M
§ Cleaner Energy Production and
CCS: 5 projects - $28 M
• Round 3 – announcement
shortly
• Round 4 - underway
*Climate Change & Emissions
Management Corporation 10
11. 11
EES’ Oil Sands Technology Framework - Room to
Improve LCA* Emissions
• Efficiency improvements – thermal
recovery, mining, upgrading
§ Energy intensity of water treatment for
steam
• New wave - efficient oil sands
production technologies
• Next generation upgrading
technologies - integration with
gasification and CCS
§ Partial upgrading
• Integration of renewables and nuclear
ØResearch & technology
adaptation costs
ØLarge scale deployment
ØTime horizon
ØCapacity – human,
infrastructure
*Life Cycle Analysis 11
12. 12
Impact of Increased Water Recycle on GHG Emissions
90 92 94 96 98 100
Energy(GHG)
ProducedWater Recycle Rate (%)
High TDS
Low TDS
*zero liquid discharge
EES Study:
• Assess Impact of ZLD* on energy
use
o Capital & operating costs
• New technology opportunities
• 9 Companies , ADOE, AENV, ERCB
13. 13
Our Focus - Advanced Technologies to Decrease GHG
Emissions and Water Use
Decrease Fresh water Use
DecreasingGHGEmissions
SAGD, CSS
Best-in-class SAGD
Energy Efficiency
SAGD, CSS
Steam-solvent
Electrical heating
Combustion
Non-aqueous
Extraction
Surface Minning
Energy Efficiency
refining, mining
Current
5 - 10 years
10 - 20 years
CCS
In situ and Mining
14. 14
Edmonton Waste Management Centre with MSW
Biofuels Facility
Biofuels
Facility
Advanced
Energy
Research
Facility
Courtesy: City of Edmonton
14
15. 15
MSW 100 million t/yr
Ethanol 35 million
litres/year
Biofuel Plant
• 90% reduction of landfill
• GHG reduction of more than
• 3 t of CO2 per tonne of waste
§ Eliminates methane emissions from
land sites
§ Replacement of fossil fuel/coal
§ CO2 removal and recovery
• Meets renewable fuel mandates
Advantages of Biofuel Plant
15
16. 16
Advanced Gasification & Syngas Plug-and-Play
Pilot & Bench Scale R&D Facility
• R&D for Biofuels Industry, universities & other initiatives
• Test biofuels, coal, coke and fossil-biomass blends
• Evaluate advanced membrane processes- O2, CO2, H2
• R&D on advanced syngas conversion processes
• Unique facilities can attract global players
Gasifier
Feed
System
Syngas
Cleanup
Syngas
Reformer
Acid gas
removal
CO2
Recovery
Methanol
Synthesis
Bench-scale
Research
Facility
17. 17
Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) System
• Evaluation tool for integrated resource planning and assessing
GHG mitigation impact based on set assessments/scenarios
Demand
House hold
Commercial
Industrial
Agricultural
Single detached
Single attached
Apartment
Mobile home
construction
Smelting and Refining
Petroleum refining
Cement
Chemical
Iron and Steel
Other Manufacturing
Forestry
Mining
Paper and pulp
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting-Electricity
Space cooling
Appliances
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting
Space cooling
Appliances
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Transportation
Passenger
Freight
Pipeline
Demand
House hold
Commercial
Industrial
Agricultural
Single detached
Single attached
Apartment
Mobile home
construction
Smelting and Refining
Petroleum refining
Cement
Chemical
Iron and Steel
Other Manufacturing
Forestry
Mining
Paper and pulp
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting-Electricity
Space cooling
Appliances
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting
Space cooling
Appliances
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Transportation
Passenger
Freight
Pipeline 17
18. 18
Example – Household Sector
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting
Appliances
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electricity
Electricity
NG
House hold
Single Detached
Single attached
Apartment
Mobile
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting
Appliances
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting-Electricity
Space cooling-Electricity
Appliances
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting
Appliances
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Steam
Electricity
Electricity
Electricity
NG
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electricity
Electricity
NG
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting
Appliances
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electricity
Electricity
NG
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electricity
Electricity
NG
Electricity
Electricity
NG
House holdHouse hold
Single Detached
Single attached
Apartment
Mobile
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting
Appliances
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting
Appliances
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting-Electricity
Space cooling-Electricity
Appliances
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting-Electricity
Space cooling-Electricity
Appliances
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting
Appliances
Space heating
Water heating
Lighting
Appliances
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Steam
Electricity
Electricity
Electricity
NG
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Steam
Electricity
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Steam
Electricity
Electricity
Electricity
NG
Electricity
Electricity
NG
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electricity
Electricity
NG
Electric furnace
NG furnace
Heating oil furnace
Others
Wood furnace
Refrigerator
Freezer
Dishwasher
Washer
Dryer
Range
others
Electricity
Electricity
NG
ElectricityElectricity
Electricity
NG
Electricity
NG
18
19. Resource Availability &
Environmental Implications
uNear Term Resources:
“There are sufficient reserves of most types of
energy resources to last at least several
decades at current rates of use” … IPCC
uEnvironment: A major and growing issue
19
20. Energy Trends
uProjections are based on the scenarios of the
World Energy Council/IIASA and extend to 2100
uDrivers are:
u Population – 10.06 Billion in 2050, 11.65 by 2100
u Economic Activity - $75 to 100 B depending on
scenario
u Technology choices - especially acceptability of coal
and nuclear
uThree broad scenarios – A, high growth; B,
“business as usual”; C, ecologically driven
20
21. Energy History and Projections
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
Year
A
B
C
GWth
21
22. Representative Scenarios
uThree of the WEC/IIASA scenarios chosen to
illustrate a range of possible energy futures:
B - BAU
A2 - highest emissions scenario
C1 - least use of nuclear
22
23. Environmental Outlook
uOnly the “Ecologically-Driven” scenarios
reduce emissions significantly
uNet emissions of energy-related Carbon are
reduced to tolerable levels by 2100
uAtmospheric CO2 concentration by 2100
stabilizes in the range of 450 to 550 ppm
uThis concentration should limit warming to
two to three degrees C
uEach of these has its own particular makeup
of energy sources
23
24. Energy Share by Source - B
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
Other
Biomass
Solar
Nuclear
Hydro
Gas
Oil
Coal
Traditional
Year
24
27. 0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
1600 1700
1800 1900
2000
205 JT
18.314.210.8
40.2
250
275
300
285 jt
KELAHIRAN
TERCEGAH
80 JUTA
PERKEMBANGAN PENDUDUK INDONESIA
(JUTA)
KELAHIRAN
TERCEGAH
100 JUTA
330 jt
237.8 JT
2010
248.6 JT
2013
5 x lipat2 x lipat
JUTA JIWA
TAHUN
27
28. Penduduk Indonesia : Young population
Sumber: http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart?page=1&fsrc=scn/fb/wl/bl/dailychartjan10 (20101120_WOC951)
Indonesia
Kondisi kependudukan Indonesia
Kelompok usia produktif
15-64 tahun mencapai 66 %
atau 165 juta
Merupakan kesempatan
dan peluang konsumsi yang
luar biasa besar dan laju
pertumbuhannya cukup
tinggi
Kelompok dibawah 15
tahun yang cukup besar :
70 juta
66%
28%
6%
28
29. Lingkup
Komoditi
“Policy Paper” Undang-undang “Blueprints”
Program
5 THN 1 THN
Energi
Batubara
Minyak Bumi
Gas Bumi
Energi
Terbarukan
Panas Bumi
Nuklir
Listrik
MATRIKS KEBIJAKAN, REGULASI DAN PROGRAM
ENERGI
Kebijakan Batubara
Nasional
Kebijakan Migas
Nasional
Policy on Ren. Energy
& Energy Conserv.
2 Januari 2004
Kebijakan Panasbumi
Power Sector
Restructuring Policy
25 Agustus 1998
RUU Mineral
dan Batubara
UU 22/2001
ttg MIGAS
23 November 2001
Masuk dalam RUU
(Pemanfaatan) Energi
UU 27/2003
22 Oktober 2003
ttg Panas Bumi
RUU Ketenagalistrikan
(menggantikan UU
No.20/2002)
Roadmap Mineral
dan Batubara
Blueprint
Pengembangan Industri
Minyak dan Gas Bumi
Nasional
Roadmap Energi Hijau
Blueprint
Pengembangan dan
Pemanfaatan Energi
Panas Bumi
RUKN dan
Revisi Blueprint
yang berdasarkan
UU No.20/2002
Kebijakan Energi
Nasional
(Makro)
RUU Energi
Blueprint
Pengembangan Industri
Energi Nasional
Kebijakan
Ketenaganukliran
UU 10/1997
ttg Ketenaganukliran
Roadmap
Ketenaganukliran
DIPA
D
A
F
T
A
R
I
S
I
A
N
P
E
L
A
K
S
A
N
A
A
N
A
N
G
G
A
R
A
N
RENSTRA
(RENCANA
STRATEGIS)
SEKTOR ESDM
29
30. Kondisi
Industri
Energi
Saat Ini
2005
SUBJEK (S) OBJEK (O) METODA (M)
DPR
Menko Perekonomian
Departemen ESDM
Departemen Perhubungan
Departemen Perindustrian
Departemen Keuangan
Kementerian Ristek
Departemen Kehutanan
Kementerian LH
Perusahaan Energi
• Perusahaan Migas
• Perusahaan Listrik
• Perusahaan Tambang
BB
• Perusahaan Jasa
Konservasi Energi
Pemerintah Daerah
Masyarakat
• Hak Budget
• Koordinasi
• Regulasi Energi
• Regulasi Moda
Angkutan
• Regulasi Industri
• Regulasi Fiskal
• Kebijakan Teknologi
• Regulasi Kehutanan
• Kebijakan Lingkungan
• Ketersediaan Migas
• Energi Primer
• Ketersediaan
Batubara
• Jasa Konservasi
Energi
• Regulasi
• Kesadaran
• Pengetatan Anggaran Subsidi
• Pengembangan Infrastruktur
• Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Infrastruktur
Energi
• Intensifikasi Eksplorasi Sumber Energi
• Diversifikasi dan Konservasi Energi
• Pengawasan Biaya Pokok Penyediaan Energi
• Rasionalisasi Harga Energi
• Kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation (DMO)
• Perencanaan Umum Energi Nasional
• Elektrifikasi Kereta Api
• Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Gas untuk
Transportasi
• Pengembangan Transportasi Massa
• Efisiensi Penggunaan Energi
• Insentif Fiskal untuk EBT dan Peralatan Hemat
Energi
• Pengembangan Teknologi Produksi dan
pemanfaatan energi yang efisien
• Sinkronisasi Peruntukan Wilayah Hutan Lindung
dan Pertambangan
• Rasionalisasi Baku mutu Lingkungan
• Penyediaan dan Distribusi Migas
• Penggunaan Pembangkit Listrik Non–Minyak
• Peningkatan Produksi
• Penyediaan Jasa
• Kendaraan Umum (Non–BBM)
• Hemat Energi (BBM)
PARADIGMA NASIONAL
• PANCASILA
• UUD 1945
• UU No. 22/2001 ttg Minyak dan Gas Bumi
• UU No. 27/2003 ttg Panas Bumi
• UU No. 15/1985 ttg Ketenagalistrikan
• UU No. 36/2004 ttg APBN 2005
POLA PIKIR
PENGELOLAAN INDUSTRI ENERGI NASIONAL
Pengaruh Lingkungan Strategis
Nasional Regional Global
• Otonomi Daerah •TAGP
•ASEAN GRID
• Harga Energi Internasional
• Liberalisasi Sektor Energi
Kondisi
Industri
Energi yang
Diinginkan
2020
Tujuan
Nasional
Pengelolaan
industri
energi
belum
optimal
Pengelolaan
industri energi
optimal
30
31. Grissik Palembang
Semarang
CADANGAN DAN JARINGAN PIPA GAS
Pacific Ocean
AUSTRALIA
Indian Ocean
Bangkok
Phnom Penh
Ban Mabtapud
Ho Chi Minh
City
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
THAILAND LAOS
Khanon
Songkhla
Erawan
Bangkot
Lawit
Jerneh
WEST
MALAYSIA
Penang
Kerteh
KualaLumpur
Manila
Philipines
South
China
Sea
Natuna
Alpha
Kota Kinibalu
BRUNEI
BandaraSeri Begawan
Bintulu
EAST
MALAYSIA
Kuching
Banda Aceh
Lhokseumawe
Medan
Duri
Padang
Jambi
Bintan
SINGAPORE
Samarinda
Balikpapan
Bontang LNG Plant
& Export Terminal
Attaka
Tunu
Bekapai
KALIMANTAN
Banjarmasin
Manado
SULAWESI
Ujung Pandang
BURU SERAM
Ternate
HALMAHERA
Sorong
IRIAN JAYA
Jakarta
J A V A Surabaya
Bangkalan
BALI SUMBAWA
Pagerungan
LOMBOK
Cirebon
FLORES
SUMBA
TIMOR
I N D O N E S I A
Duyong
West
Natuna
Port Dickson
Port Klang
Mogpu
Dumai
Batam
Guntong
52,081
3,896
728
3,220
14,260
5,190
31,814
3,654
14,782
GAS RESERVE 2P (BSCF)
TOTAL RESERVES
2P : 134,015.5 BSCF0,11
3,00
Resources
Ardjuna Fields
MADURA4,289
Existing
Pipeline
Planned
Pipeline
Jayapura
Merauke
31
32. Grissik Palembang
Semarang
Pacific Ocean
AUSTRALIA
Indian Ocean
Bangkok
Phnom Penh
Ban Mabtapud
Ho Chi Minh
City
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
THAILAND LAOS
Khanon
Songkhla
Erawan
Bangkot
Lawit
Jerneh
WEST
MALAYSIA
Penang
Kerteh
KualaLumpur
Manila
Philipines
South
China
Sea
Natuna
Alpha
Kota Kinibalu
BRUNEI
BandaraSeri Begawan
Bintulu
EAST
MALAYSIA
Kuching
Banda Aceh
Lhokseumawe
Medan
Duri
Padang
Jambi
Bintan
SINGAPORE
Samarinda
Balikpapan
Bontang
Attaka
Tunu
Bekapai
KALIMANTAN
Banjarmasin
Manado
SULAWESI
Ujung Pandang
BURU SERAM
Ternate
HALMAHERA
Sorong
IRIAN JAYA
Jakarta
J A V A Surabaya
Bangkalan
BALI SUMBAWA
Pagerungan
LOMBOK
FLORES
SUMBA
TIMOR
I N D O N E S I A
Duyong
West
Natuna
Port Dickson
Port Klang
Mogpu
Dumai
Batam
Guntong
MADURA
PEMBANGKIT DAN TRANSMISI UTAMA LISTRIK
TOTALCAPACITY
24,000 MW
Total Jawa Bali : 18,500
MW
Total Sumatera : 3,200
MW
Total Kalimantan : 800 MW
Total Sulawesi : 650
MW
Existing
Transmission
Planned
Transmission
Power Plant
Jayapura
Merauke
32
34. ENERGI MIX NASIONAL TAHUN 2020
(SKENARIO OPTIMALISASI)
Panas bumi
5%
PLTA
4%
Batubara
38%
Gas bumi
39%
Minyak bumi
10%
Nuklir
1.231%
Biomassa
0.850%
Fuel cell
0.000%
Tenaga angin
0.000%
Tenaga surya
0.003%
PLTMH
0.308%
Biofuel
1.516%
EBT Lainnya
4%
SASARAN ENERGI MIX NASIONAL 2020
ENERGI MIX NASIONAL TAHUN 2000
Batubara
11%
Gas bumi
31%
Minyak bumi
53%
Tenaga air
4%
Panas bumi
1%
ENERGI MIX NASIONAL TAHUN 2020
(SKENARIO BaU)
Batubara
34%
Gas bumi
26%
Minyak bumi
35%
Tenaga air
4%
Panas bumi
1%
OPTIMALISASI
PENGELOLAAN
ENERGI
34
35. -
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
%
SASARAN OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN
ENERGI NASIONAL
MINYAK BUMI
GAS BUMI
BATUBARA
EBT LAINNYA
PANAS BUMI
TENAGAAIR
EKSPEKTASI
Business as Usual
40%
38%
10%
5%
4%
Upaya I
Upaya
II
Upaya III
Upaya IV Upaya V
35
36. LAMPIRAN L
UPAYA OPTIMALISASI
• Upaya I : Mengurangi Minyak Bumi
– Coal liquefaction
– Pricing policy BBM
– Alternatif energi
– Pajak BBM
– Kebijakan Fiskal
• Upaya II : Meningkatkan Gas Bumi
– Perubahan paradigma penggunaan cadangan sehingga baik cadangan besar ataupun
kecil dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan domestik
– Cadangan gas tidak ada masalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekspor dan dalam
negeri (dalam UU Migas ada konsep mengenai DMO gas)
– Pricing policy BBM
– Pricing policy Gas
– Pembangunan infrastruktur gas
• Upaya III : Meningkatkan Batubara
– Cadangan batubara tidak ada masalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekspor dan dalam
negeri
– Penetapan DMO terhadap batubara, termasuk pemberian insentif untuk mendorong
penggunaan coal liquefaction
• Upaya IV : Meningkatkan Panas Bumi
– Potensi panas bumi tidak ada masalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik
• Upaya V : Meningkatkan EBT Lainnya
36
37. Energy Share by Source – C1
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
Other
Biomass
Solar
Nuclear
Hydro
Gas
Oil
Coal
Traditional
Year
37
38. Outlook for Resource Availability
uWEC projects adequate resource availability
over the next 100 years, but foresees that a
shift in sources will be driven by:
u Environmental impacts
u Economic recoverability of the resources
38
39. Net Carbon Emissions from Energy
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090
MtC
Year
A2
B
C1
39
40. Approaches To Stabilizing
GHG Emissions
uThere are two fundamental approaches on the
energy front:
u Reducing the impact of fossil fuels, i.e.,
“Decarbonizing” them
u Expanding the use of renewables or nuclear
Note: there are other ways of influencing
climate, including various forms of
Geo/Climate engineering
40
41. Decarbonizing Fossil Fuels
uApproaches include:
u Shifting to lower carbon fuels, e.g., gas vs. coal
u Improving the efficiency of use of such fuels
u Capturing and sequestering the carbon (CCS):
u“upstream” in the supply process, or
u “downstream” in the utilization process
uThese measures are necessary but not
sufficient – major expansion in the supply
from renewable sources is vital
41
42. Renewables
uRenewable sources include: hydro, biomass,
solar, wind, geothermal and various forms
of ocean/tidal/wave energy
uEach has its own peculiar advantages and
drawbacks
uOnly some can be exploited at a scale and
in a time frame that will make a significant
contribution
42
43. Sources Viewed as Limited
uHydro – only modest scope for expansion
uBiomass – important for fuels, but limited by
competition for land
uGeothermal - locally important, but not a
large-scale source unless the “Engineered
Geothermal Systems” approach can be
developed successfully
uOcean/tidal/wave - resources are immense
yet diffuse and expensive to exploit
43
44. Nuclear Outlook
uNuclear suffers from concerns over public
acceptance, final waste management and
proliferation risk
uLittle capacity is being added in the OECD
countries and some is being removed
uHowever, China, Russia and India have
ambitious programs
uMore widespread use may be needed to meet
emissions targets
44
45. Significant Renewables:
Solar and Wind
uTotal energy available from these sources is
immense, but the energy density is low
uProduct is largely electricity, the most useful
form of energy
uThe C1 scenario projects that these sources,
along with biomass for fuels, will be the
dominant sources of the future
45
46. Electricity from Solar and Wind
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090
Solar
Wind
Year
TWh
r
46
48. The Matter of Intermittency
uIt is critical to recognize that solar and wind
are intermittent sources and can be used
immediately by the power grid only to the
extent of 20 - 25% of production
uSolar and wind can be more fully exploited
to meet base load needs if storage can be
provided or if the electricity is used to
generate hydrogen
48
49. Electricity from Solar and Wind:
Extent of Immediate Use
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
1990 2040 2090
TWhr
Year
25% of Total
Stored
Total
Electricity
Electricity from
Solar + Wind
49
50. Cost Impact of Intermittency
uSolar and wind installations with storage (to
serve base load needs) will be more expensive
than those providing peak power
uCapital costs, by mid-century, of such plants is
estimated at ≈ $7000 per KWe
uIncremental investment to accommodate this
intermittency is estimated at ≈ $1T per year
beginning around 2040 (just over 1% of GWP)
50
51. Energy Investments
uRecent capital expenditures ≈ 1% of GWP
uImplementing energy scenarios that reduce
emissions significantly will be more costly
uStern Report documents cost estimates at
1% of GWP by 2050 to stabilize atmospheric
concentration of CO2 at 500-550ppm
uWEC notes costs unlikely to exceed 2% of
GWP
51
52. Outlook for Space Solar Power
uCapital costs for Space Solar Power
installations are estimated to be on the order
of $4000 per KWe
uIf terrestrial installations for solar and wind
providing base load power run $7,000 per
KWe and a Trillion dollars a year is needed to
build the needed capacity, then Space Solar
Power should be very competitive
52
53. An Assessment
uImplementing an energy future such as C1 will
be extremely challenging, requiring:
u Enormous investments
u Strong environmental policies
u Continuing international cooperation for decades
uConsequences of failing to follow such a path:
u Serious climate impacts or
u Expansion of nuclear supply and/or
u Resort to more use of fossil fuels
53
54. What Could Change This Picture?
uCheaper ways to store electricity
uPower grids of international scale
uEconomic means of exploiting geothermal or
ocean energy
uSuccess in exploiting nuclear fusion
54
55. Recommendations
uPromote a better general understanding of
the world energy situation
uSupport all plausible sources of sustainable
and clean energy, especially Space Solar
Power
uSupport policy actions that reduce emissions,
importantly, putting a price on carbon
uSupport policy actions that improve efficiency
uStart now
55
56. Take Away
uEnergy demand will continue to grow strongly
uAlternatives to “Business as Usual” can limit
emissions to acceptable levels
uRenewable sources will dominate
uInvestments need to be large
uStrong environmental policies will be required
uSpace Solar Power will be competitive
56
57. Reduction in World Oil Demand in the
Alternative vs. Reference Scenario, 2030
Transport
64%
Other
4%
Industry
13%
Power generation
8%
Residential and
services
11%
Oil savings = 12.8 mb/d
Oil savings in 2030 would be equivalent to the combined
current production of Saudi Arabia, UAE and Nigeria
58. World Primary Energy Demand
Fossil fuels account for almost 90% of the growth in energy
demand between now and 2030
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Nuclear power
Hydro power
Other renewables
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Mtoe
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Mtoe
59. 0
4 000
8 000
12 000
16 000
20 000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
MtofCO2
OECD Transition economies Developing countries
Global emissions grow 62% between 2002 & 2030, and
developing countries’ emissions will overtake OECD’s in the 2020s
World Energy-Related CO2 Emissions
60. Growth in World Energy Demand
and CO2 Emissions
Average carbon content of primary energy increases
slightly through 2030 – in contrast to past trends
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
1971-2002 2002-2030
averageannualgrowthrate
Primary energy demand CO2 Emissions
61. Net Natural Gas Imports, 2030
Net gas imports are lower in all major importing regions,
except China
0
200
400
600
OECD North
America
OECD Europe OECD Asia China
bcm
Reference Scenario Alternative Scenario
62. OECD CO2 Emissions in the Reference
and Alternative Scenarios
OECD CO2 emissions peak around 2020 – 25% higher than in
1990
Alternative Scenario
11 000
12 000
13 000
14 000
15 000
16 000
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
MtofCO2
Reference Scenario
63. Contributory Factors in CO2 Reduction
2002-2030
Improvements in end-use efficiency contribute for more than
half of decrease in emissions, and renewables use for 20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
49%
10%
21%
12%
8%
OECD
63%
1%
21%
15%
Transition economies
67%
7%
17%
5%
4%
Developing countries
58%
World
End-use efficiency gains
7%
Fuel switching in end uses
20%
Increased renewables in power generation
10%
Increased nuclear in power generation
5%
Changes in the fossil-fuel mix in power generation
64. Difference in Electricity Investment in
the Alternative vs. Reference Scenario
2003-2030
Additional investments on the demand side are more than offset by
lower investment on the supply side
-2 000
-1 500
-1 000
- 500
0
500
1 000
billiondollars(2000)
Difference
Additional demand-side
investment
Efficiency
measures Avoided supply-side
investment
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
65. Ocean Energy
lPotensi luasan laut dan samudera
belum banyak dijadikan sumber
energy terbarukan
lPerubahan ke Blue Economy :
memanfaatkan seluruh potensi
kelautan termasuk untuk food dan
energy
lMendorong pemanfaatan terintegrasi
66. HIGH-TECH
AQUACULTURE
OCEAN ENERGY
ROBOTICS
ADVANCED SEABED MAPPING
DEEP-SEA FRONTIER
SENSORS &
REMOTE
Acknowledgement: Prof John Delaney
Univ Washington
A dynamic maritime economy, in harmony
with the environment; supported by
sound science and technology, which
allows human beings to continue to reap
the rich harvest from the oceans in a
sustainable manner.
Integrated Maritime Policy for the EU (2007)
67. Apa yang harus dimulai
l Renewable energy integration
l Transportation strategy restructuring
l New strategy for product, process and
equipment utlising renewable energy
l Waste treatment and management
l Energy pedesaan dan energy pada agro
industry
l Industri dan rumah tangga bermigrasi ke
gas
l Peningkatan produktivitas secara
menyeluruh dalam berbagai sektor terkait
68. Basel: a city with a vision
44% of households car-free
"2000 watt society – Basel pilot regio
74. Space Required to Transport Same Number of Passengers
Why Public Transit?
Source: GTZ (2009), Sustainable Urban Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-makers in South Asian Cities
79. Kesadaran Lingkungan
• Pengembangan kesadaran lingkungan harus
terintegrasi dengan proses pembelajaran,
perubahan perilaku dan penghitungan cost
secara terpadu
• Research and development to integrate
energy and environment. Creative economy
• Pengembangan energy terbarukan harus
dilakukan secara cepat, radikal, massiv dan
punya pertimbangan komersial
82. END OF SLIDES
THANK YOU
Kresnayana Yahya
Email: kresna49@yahoo.com
Blog: http://www.kresnayana.com
82Enciety Business Consult