The document discusses a lesson plan that covers genetic screening and testing. Over the next 12 lessons, students will learn about genetics topics like inherited disorders, genetic testing, screening, and the ethical issues around how genetic information is used. One lesson focuses on genetic screening and testing, including how genetic information could be misused by insurance companies and discussed the arguments for and against using DNA profiles to determine insurance costs.
This document provides an overview of a 12-lesson course on keeping healthy. The lessons will cover topics like what causes disease, microbe attacks, vaccines, antibiotic resistance, and health studies. It previews the objectives and activities for the first lesson on microbes and disease, including understanding how microbes can cause illness and how the body prevents microbes from entering.
This document provides an overview of a 12-lesson module on growth and development. The lessons will cover topics like growing and changing, growth patterns, cell reproduction, genetics, specialized cells, and proteins. Key concepts include DNA, genes, inheritance, cell division, and how cells become specialized.
This document provides an overview of the 12 lessons that will be covered in the B4 Homeostasis module. It introduces key concepts about homeostasis, including how the body regulates conditions like body temperature, water levels, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure. Each lesson will focus on a different aspect of homeostasis, starting with an introduction to homeostasis and negative feedback mechanisms in Lessons 1 and 2. Subsequent lessons will cover topics like enzyme function, temperature regulation, water homeostasis, and what can happen when homeostasis goes wrong.
This document provides an overview of the lessons to be covered in a module on life on Earth. It includes topics such as the variety of life, evolution, evidence of change, Charles Darwin's theories, the origins of species, inheritance, where life came from, sensing the environment, human evolution, and extinction. Each lesson includes objectives, key terms, and extension questions. The document guides students through the content that will be examined over the next 12 lessons and an end of module test.
The document provides an overview of the 12 lessons that will be covered in the B4 Homeostasis module. It focuses on lesson 7 which covers how the body responds to changes in core temperature through vasoconstriction, vasodilation, sweating, and shivering. The key concepts covered are how varying blood supply to the skin through constricting or dilating blood vessels helps regulate core temperature. Extension questions provide further explanation and examples.
The document provides information about a biology lesson plan that covers genetics and inherited traits. It includes 12 lessons that cover topics like similarities and differences between family members, inherited disorders like cystic fibrosis and Huntington's disease, genetic testing, and stem cells. The lesson plan provides learning objectives, activities, and questions for each lesson.
The document provides an overview of a 12-lesson chemistry course covering topics like the periodic table, alkaline metals, chemical equations, halogens, helium, atomic structure, electrons, salts, and ionic theory. It includes lesson objectives, activities, extension questions, and summaries for the first two lessons which focus on the periodic table and alkaline metals. Key points covered are the periodic table's arrangement of elements, properties of group 1 alkaline metals like their reactions with water and acids, and their similarities and reactivity trends.
The document provides an overview of a course on Earth science and the universe. It includes 12 lessons covering topics like mapping the seafloor, plate tectonics, earthquakes and volcanoes, the origin of the universe, the solar system, what we are made of, the extinction of dinosaurs, and whether life exists elsewhere. The first lesson introduces concepts of time, space, the structure of Earth, and the rock cycle. Subsequent lessons will explore these topics in more depth.
The document provides an overview of the 12 lessons in a health studies module, including topics like antibiotics, vaccines, and clinical trials. It then presents information about lesson 7 which focuses on antibiotics and the rise of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs" due to overuse of antibiotics. The lesson objectives, activities, key concepts, and extension questions are outlined.
The document discusses genetic engineering and its potential benefits and risks. It provides examples of how genetic engineering has helped treat Parkinson's disease, breast cancer, and diabetes by identifying genes associated with these diseases. While research has potential to cure illnesses, it also raises ethical issues regarding who has access to treatments and how genetic information is used. The conclusion argues that further funding genetic research could help eliminate diseases, but personal genetic data should remain private.
This document discusses the ethical issues raised by pervasive health data sharing from various sources like genetic services, fitness trackers, and online surveys. It notes that health care and medical research could suffer if this data is not properly protected. While some argue it is not the health industry's problem, the document argues they should get involved for two key reasons: 1) health data is at risk of reidentification even when de-identified and 2) the industry could take a proactive role in finding and controlling health data. However, this approach raises ethical concerns about autonomy, surveillance, and data breaches. If done right with transparency and limiting data use, industry control could incentivize better protection against exploitation and equalize use of big
Genetic testing uses gene probes to identify inherited disorders in embryos or fetuses. It was developed in the 1980s and can detect conditions like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Down syndrome. A gene probe is a piece of DNA that binds to a faulty gene, identifying disorders. Parents may choose to terminate a pregnancy if testing finds an inherited disease.
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year international project completed in 2003 that aimed to identify all the genes in human DNA and determine the sequence of the 3 billion base pairs that make up human DNA. Knowing this genetic information could enable personalized medicine by providing different treatments tailored to a patient's genes, replacing genes associated with genetic diseases, improving accuracy of paternity testing, and screening embryos for genetic diseases. However, some concerns exist that employers or insurance companies could discriminate based on genetic information, or that learning one's genetic risks could cause depression.
This document discusses gene regulation in bacteria. It explains that bacteria have two main types of genes - housekeeping genes which are always on, and inducible or repressible genes which are turned on or off by certain conditions. It uses the example of the lac operon in E. coli, which is turned on in the presence of lactose and encodes proteins involved in lactose metabolism. The lac operon is regulated by a repressor protein that binds to the operator region and prevents transcription unless lactose is present.
The document discusses several determinants of health including heredity, environment, culture, media, and technology. It provides definitions and discusses the level of control for each determinant. Some key points made include that heredity has about 5 out of 10 control and can be influenced by treatments. The environment has less control but can be influenced by one's friends and activities. Culture has a rating of 5 out of 10 for control as home culture is harder to influence than choices outside the home. Media is rated as having 8 out of 10 control as people can control what they post but not where it spreads. The effects of each determinant on health are also discussed briefly.
Direct to consumer genetic testing provides ancestry and health risk information directly to consumers but has significant limitations. While it may promote health awareness, unexpected results can be stressful and consumers may make important medical decisions based on inaccurate or incomplete information from unregulated tests. The high rate of false positives seen in confirmatory testing suggests many consumers are receiving incorrect information from these tests. Regulatory bodies have concerns about oversight, accuracy, and inappropriate use of genetic data that could impact consumers.
Take a look at the below link and then answer the below questions .docxssuserf9c51d
Take a look at the below link and then answer the below questions from each of their points of view:
Link: https://www.ted.com/talks/john_wilbanks_let_s_pool_our_medical_data/transcript?language=en
When you're getting medical treatment, or taking part in medical testing, privacy is important; strict laws limit what researchers can see and know about you. But what if your medical data could be used — anonymously — by anyone seeking to test a hypothesis? John Wilbanks wonders if the desire to protect our privacy is slowing research, and if opening up medical data could lead to a wave of health care innovation.
For this blog and tying all the topics covered in the class about the epistemology of knowledge, what is your opinion on this matter? Should we share or should we not share? To be or not to Be?
I want you to answer this from different points of view:
The Patient:
The Mother/Father/Son/Daughter/Husband/Wife/Partner/Friend who is trying to help:
The Doctor:
The Hospital Administrator:
The Researcher:
The Companies/Big Pharma:
The Government:
The Government Watchdogs making sure rules are enforced:
The Philanthropists:
He slammed the papers down on the table. "Doctor, I won't do it! I just saw on the news that the prostate blood test is useless at my age. It's milking the system." His face showed determination and defiance as his wife looked on in the corner. No amount of entreating could get him to budge on the subject. Forget the 10 years of my life I had sacrificed in the pursuit of medical knowledge, he had crowdsourced on Facebook information about the prostate specific antigen test; the difference is subtle, but I had gone to medical school and he had gone to Google. Posting information on their health and all their test results is a routine event for Friday Facebook users. Proclaiming quackery, he left my office determined never to return.
Patients want that aggregation of data. Appealing to their practical nature, the more data, the faster we get to a solution, and if it contributes to research and a better future, it can only be the right decision. Family and friends would likely agree, maintaining that in the best interest of the patient, posting data, even without the benefit of anonymity, is acceptable. As MIPS / MACRA move towards population management, more integrated metrics would be of great interest to the hospital administrator as well and allows for an understanding of which markets are likely to produce the best reimbursements by virtue of their higher baseline of health; not surprisingly, we know higher income demographics produce the most compliant patients with the best medical outcomes, which is why most hospitals now are closing shop in poor neighborhoods, despite their need, and opening up in upscale areas with not only an assured revenue stream of insured clients, but better access to medications for diabetes control, better access to nutrition which means faster and improved healing post-surgery, and lower l ...
Orphans in the Desert is an online platform that aims to help people with rare diseases by allowing them to input unstructured health data to be analyzed by IBM's Watson for potential diagnoses, and to cluster patients together in order to incentivize treatment research. It serves as a safe place for rare disease patients to describe their symptoms freely without bias or preconceptions, and provides educational resources, support groups, and information on clinical studies. The platform allows for both individual analysis of user data as well as macro-level statistical analysis of particular or general rare diseases.
SAC360 Chapter 5 epidemiologic principles and methodsBealCollegeOnline
This document defines epidemiology and describes key epidemiological principles and study methods. It defines epidemiology as the study of disease distribution and determinants in human populations. It describes the steps of defining a disease, measuring its frequency through incidence and prevalence, and examining its distribution based on who, when and where is affected. It also discusses determining disease determinants and outlines three major epidemiological study designs: intervention studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies. Intervention studies most closely mimic experiments but cohort studies are more accurate when experiments cannot be done. Case-control studies are fastest but least accurate.
The human genome project began in 1990 as a large-scale global effort to map the entire human genome. It was completed in 2003, two years ahead of schedule, at a cost of over $3 billion in public funding. The project raised important ethical issues regarding topics like biosafety, animal rights, biotechnology, genetic screening, and discrimination. While genetic screening allows for early detection of diseases and more informed medical decisions, it also risks stigmatization and potential misuse of genetic data by insurance companies.
- The traditional business model of personal genomics companies sees individuals pay to sequence their genomes and receive analysis results, while the companies keep the genomic data and sell it to pharmaceutical companies. However, this model has limitations in addressing high sequencing costs for individuals, lack of individual control over their data, and lack of incentives.
- The proposed Nebula model uses blockchain technology to connect individuals directly with data buyers, eliminating personal genomics companies as middlemen. This is intended to reduce sequencing costs for individuals, give them control over their genomic data and how it is used, and provide incentives.
- The model aims to satisfy both individuals, by addressing the above issues, and data buyers' needs around data availability, acquisition, and
Possible Solution for Managing the Worlds Personal Genetic Data - DNA Guide, ...DNA Compass
World DNA Day and Genome Day, Dalian China 2011
"Possible Solution for Managing the Worlds Genetic Data" given by Alice Rathjen, Founder & President DNA Guide, Inc.
Proposes genetic tests be given a rating for quality of science, medical utility and viewing risk so as to facilitate the flow of genetic information in a responsible manner from the lab to the physician and patient. Explains how technology combined with public policy could enable both privacy and personalized medicine to thrive. Advocates individual ownership over personal genetic data and suggests the genome as a data format could provide the foundation for digital human rights.
tags: DNA, genetic testing, privacy, personalized medicine, FDA regulation
Integrating Behavioral Health into Primary Care – Thought Leaders in Populati...Epstein Becker Green
Although mental health and substance abuse (behavioral health) services have historically been segregated from traditional medical care, its impact on patients’ well-being, physical health and cost-of-care has become increasingly critical to improving clinical quality outcomes while significantly decreasing financial costs by tens of billions of dollars. Drs. Daviss and Coleman will discuss the advances in policy and practice regarding the integration of behavioral health with physical health, as well as some of the gaps in identifying, aggregating, and analyzing data critical to a more holistic and comprehensive view of the individual.
In addition, the speakers will:
* Identify the clinical, legal, social, and financial impacts of behavioral health disorders on chronic medical conditions.
* Describe the challenges involved in improving clinical and financial outcomes in patients with chronic medical conditions who also have behavioral health symptoms and/or conditions.
* Demonstrate the rewards for implementing new information technology applications and analysis for better clinical and financial outcomes for these specific populations.
Moderator
* Mark E. Lutes, Member of the Firm and Chair of Epstein Becker Green's Board of Directors
Speakers
* Charles A. Coleman, PhD, Senior Sponsor of IBM's Population Health Insights and Programs Management of IBM's Healthcare Solutions Board
* Steven R. Daviss, MD, DFAPA, Chief Medical Officer at M3 Information, LLC, a DC-based mobile mental health information technology company that developed the peer-reviewed multi-dimensional, patient-centered mental health screening tool, M3Clinician
Epstein Becker Green Webinar - Moderated by Mark E. Lutes - http://www.ebglaw.com/events/the-challenges-and-rewards-of-integrating-behavioral-health-into-primary-care-%E2%80%93-thought-leaders-in-population-health-webinar-series/
These materials have been provided for informational purposes only and are not intended and should not be construed to constitute legal advice. The content of these materials is copyrighted to Epstein Becker & Green, P.C. ATTORNEY ADVERTISING.
To Prepare· Review the Congress website provided in the ResourcTakishaPeck109
To Prepare:
· Review the Congress website provided in the Resources and identify one recent (within the past 5 years) proposed health policy.
· Review the health policy you identified and reflect on the background and development of this health policy.
Post a description of the health policy you selected and a brief background for the problem or issue being addressed. Explain whether you believe there is an evidence base to support the proposed policy and explain why. Be specific and provide examples.
APA format and 3 references
Then respond to a peer with 2 references
Peer 1
The healthcare policy I chose is S. 3098, S.3098 -is the Preventive Care Awareness Act of 2021.
S. 3098 will provide national public health information and focus on people in a lower income bracket who have forgone services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This bill would also create a task force to promote preventative care and development programs in rural and underserved populations. Its primary focus is teaching low-income Americans the benefits of preventive healthcare. This bill is in committee and has bipartisan support (Bell et al., 2017).
Reading this proposed bill, I asked myself whether it is lower-income Americans who have forgone preventative treatment during COVID or Americans in general. Preventive screenings have long been advocated as one of the most valuable ways to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of disease. Cancer screenings have helped lower the US cervical cancer death rate by 50% in the last three decades (2022).
According to the American Medical Association, more than 40% of Americans surveyed stopped preventative medical care as covid-19 began (Timothy M. Smith, Senior News Writer, 2020). This number included Americans of all economic levels. I believe no proof was found that only lower-income Americans skipped screenings during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to the Joint Commission, patients with lower health literacy did not see the importance of preventative care during COVID-19 (The Joint Commission, 2022). I believe there is evidence-based support for increasing education for all Americans regarding the importance of preventive health screenings, And indeed more teaching to Americans with a lower understanding of their health. This bill was given only a 3% chance of passing into law. I believe that is partly because it only attempts to reach lower-income populations and not all Americans.
50 words minimum each response
R1
I had a hard time with this question. I'd like to believe that all, if not most, health care providers have very high empathy, which would cause them to be sensitive toward patients. However, many different people with different personalities become health providers, and laws and regulations provide boundaries for most people. I believe if left alone, healthcare professionals and other professionals would choose what is most convenient for them and not what is best for the patie ...
This document is from a chapter about statistics and making sense of uncertainty. It discusses how statistics is used to analyze data and extract information to describe population health. Statistics allows translation of data into information about causes, effects, risks and cures. It also discusses concepts like probability, screening tests, rates, risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis.
by Margaret Curnutte
European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM) at the Campus IFOM-IEO (Milano), University of Milano &
Harvard Program on Science, Technology & Society
FondazioneGianninoBassetti
16 May 2011
The document provides an overview of lessons covering physics topics related to astronomy. It outlines 24 lessons that will cover telescopes, lenses, different types of telescopes, stars, the sun, moon and earth, eclipses, star distances, galaxies, and more. Each lesson includes objectives, literacy and numeracy focuses, and extension questions.
The document outlines a physics lesson plan covering topics related to telescopes, stars, galaxies, and the structure and composition of stars over 24 lessons. Key topics included refracting and reflecting telescopes, star distances and brightness, galaxies, stellar composition and nuclear fusion, and how a star's color relates to its surface temperature.
This document outlines a physics lesson plan on telescopes over 24 lessons. It will cover the different types of telescopes like refracting, reflecting, and radio telescopes. It will discuss how telescopes produce images using electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies. Key topics include lenses, star distances, galaxies, and the composition of stars. Lessons will include activities, literacy and numeracy focus, and questions for extension.
The document outlines a physics course covering topics related to astronomy and the structure of atoms and stars over 24 lessons. It provides learning objectives and activities for each lesson, including lessons on telescopes, the sun and planets, star distances and temperatures, galaxies, and the structure and behavior of atoms and gases.
This document provides an overview of the lessons that will be covered in a module about radiation and waves. It focuses on lesson P6.7, which discusses electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than visible light, including ultraviolet (UV) rays, X-rays, and gamma rays. The lesson objectives are to understand that these waves are ionizing radiation that can alter or damage living cells. Examples of sources, detectors, and uses of each type of wave are provided. Key concepts explained are that frequency increases and wavelength decreases as you move from radio waves to gamma rays in the electromagnetic spectrum.
This document provides an overview of 12 lessons on the wave model of radiation. It will cover topics such as what waves are, describing wave properties, how waves behave at barriers and boundaries, bending light beams, electromagnetic waves, radio waves, and radiation from space. The first lesson defines key terms like amplitude, wavelength, and frequency and explains the two main types of waves - transverse and longitudinal waves. Subsequent lessons will focus on reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference of waves.
The document outlines a route map for a 12 lesson course on electric circuits. It will cover topics like static electricity, electric charge, circuits, current, resistance, resistors, voltage, power, and electricity generation and distribution. It provides learning objectives and a sample activity for the first lesson which involves drawing a series circuit with batteries, a switch, light bulb, resistor and variable resistor and adding a voltmeter and ammeter.
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in 12 lessons on electric circuits. The lessons will cover static electricity, electric charge, circuit symbols, simple circuits, controlling and measuring current, resistance, resistor combinations, measuring voltage, electrical power, domestic appliances, generating electricity, and distributing electricity. Each lesson will have objectives, activities, extension questions, and a summary.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and lessons covered in a physics module on forces and motion. Over 12 lessons, students will learn about forces in different directions, how objects start and stop moving, friction, reaction forces, speed, modeling motion, force interactions, momentum, changes in momentum, car safety, laws of motion, work and energy, and kinetic and gravitational potential energy. Example questions and activities are provided to help students understand concepts like momentum, changes in momentum due to forces, and how safety features in cars like seatbelts reduce impact forces during collisions.
The document outlines a 12 lesson plan on the topic of forces and motion. It will cover key concepts such as forces in different directions, how objects start to move, friction, reaction of surfaces, speed, modeling motion, force interactions, changes in momentum, car safety, and laws of motion. Each lesson will include objectives, activities, literacy and numeracy focuses, and questions to help students understand the key topics being covered.
1. The document outlines a route map for a chemistry module covering topics like alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and energy changes over 24 lessons.
2. Lesson C7.9 focuses on rates of reaction and how factors like temperature, concentration, and particle size can influence the rate. Collision theory and activation energy are also discussed.
3. Examples of reversible reactions are given where the direction can change based on conditions like temperature and pressure. Equilibrium is reached when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and concentrations no longer change.
This document outlines a chemistry lesson plan covering titrations. The lesson will teach students how titration is used as a quantitative technique to measure the concentrations of acids and bases by determining the volume needed of a standard solution to reach the endpoint of a neutralization reaction. Key concepts include using an indicator to identify the endpoint, repeating titrations to obtain an accurate average volume, and how titrations can be used to find the concentration of an unknown solution based on the reaction stoichiometry. The lesson will also discuss using data loggers and pH probes for higher precision measurements.
The document outlines a chemistry route map for studying various topics over 24 lessons, including alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, fats and oils, energy changes, chromatography, titrations, reaction rates, equilibrium, the chemical industry, and green chemistry. It provides lesson objectives, activities, and questions for lessons on alkanes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids, covering topics like their structures, properties, reactions, uses, and how they are produced.
This document outlines a route map for a chemistry module covering topics like alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, fats and oils, energy changes, chromatography, gas chromatography, titrations, rates of reaction, equilibrium, the chemical industry, green chemistry, industrial chemistry, theories on acidity, sampling, and making ethanoic acid. The module will focus on improving yield in industrial chemistry and reducing waste and pollution.
This document provides an overview of a 12-lesson chemistry module that will cover various topics related to chemical synthesis, including the chemical industry, acids and alkalis, rates of reactions, and factors that affect rates. It focuses specifically on lesson 6.11, which discusses the different stages involved in chemical synthesis, and lesson 6.12, which is about measuring the yield of chemical reactions.
The document provides an overview of a 12-lesson course on chemical synthesis that covers topics such as the chemical industry, acids and alkalis, reactions of acids, salts, purity of chemicals, rates of reactions, catalysts, chemical quantities, stages of chemical synthesis, and measuring yield. The first lesson focuses on understanding the role and importance of the chemical industry and the difference between bulk and fine chemicals.
This document outlines a lesson plan on metals from the lithosphere. It will teach students how reactive metals are extracted from ores using methods like carbon displacement and electrolysis. Key concepts include metal ores, extraction methods, reactivity series, and calculating formula masses of compounds. Activities include matching metals to their ores, naming metals, and explaining extraction techniques and material uses based on reactivity.
This document provides an overview of the lessons that will be covered in a course on chemicals in the natural environment. The 12 lessons will cover chemicals found in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. It outlines the key concepts, objectives and activities for the first lesson which will introduce the four spheres and focus on the chemicals found in each.
1. Ionic compounds form when a metal reacts with a non-metal, resulting in positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non-metal ions that bond together in a crystalline lattice structure.
2. When ionic compounds dissolve in water or melt, the ions become free to move and conduct electricity. During electrolysis, positively charged metal ions move to the cathode and negatively charged non-metal ions move to the anode.
3. Common ionic compounds include sodium chloride, formed from sodium and chlorine ions, and copper chloride, used in electrolysis to extract copper metal from its ionic form.
This document outlines a biology curriculum covering various topics over 12 lessons. It will cover photosynthesis, respiration, feeding relationships, genetics, blood, circulation, energy, symbiosis, parasites, disease, biotechnology, exercise, joints, genetic modification, and more. Key concepts include how plants and organisms obtain and use energy, genetic inheritance and testing, the structure and function of body systems, and applications of biotechnology.
Front Desk Management in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Front desk officers are responsible for taking care of guests and customers. Their work mainly involves interacting with customers and business partners, either in person or through phone calls.
Understanding and Interpreting Teachers’ TPACK for Teaching Multimodalities i...Neny Isharyanti
Presented as a plenary session in iTELL 2024 in Salatiga on 4 July 2024.
The plenary focuses on understanding and intepreting relevant TPACK competence for teachers to be adept in teaching multimodality in the digital age. It juxtaposes the results of research on multimodality with its contextual implementation in the teaching of English subject in the Indonesian Emancipated Curriculum.
Split Shifts From Gantt View in the Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo allows users to split long shifts into multiple segments directly from the Gantt view.Each segment retains details of the original shift, such as employee assignment, start time, end time, and specific tasks or descriptions.
Views in Odoo - Advanced Views - Pivot View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, the pivot view is a graphical representation of data that allows users to analyze and summarize large datasets quickly. It's a powerful tool for generating insights from your business data.
The pivot view in Odoo is a valuable tool for analyzing and summarizing large datasets, helping you gain insights into your business operations.
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan ChartMohit Tripathi
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How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
How to Configure Time Off Types in Odoo 17Celine George
Now we can take look into how to configure time off types in odoo 17 through this slide. Time-off types are used to grant or request different types of leave. Only then the authorities will have a clear view or a clear understanding of what kind of leave the employee is taking.
Principles of Roods Approach!!!!!!!.pptxibtesaam huma
Principles of Rood’s Approach
Treatment technique used in physiotherapy for neurological patients which aids them to recover and improve quality of life
Facilitatory techniques
Inhibitory techniques
Beyond the Advance Presentation for By the Book 9John Rodzvilla
In June 2020, L.L. McKinney, a Black author of young adult novels, began the #publishingpaidme hashtag to create a discussion on how the publishing industry treats Black authors: “what they’re paid. What the marketing is. How the books are treated. How one Black book not reaching its parameters casts a shadow on all Black books and all Black authors, and that’s not the same for our white counterparts.” (Grady 2020) McKinney’s call resulted in an online discussion across 65,000 tweets between authors of all races and the creation of a Google spreadsheet that collected information on over 2,000 titles.
While the conversation was originally meant to discuss the ethical value of book publishing, it became an economic assessment by authors of how publishers treated authors of color and women authors without a full analysis of the data collected. This paper would present the data collected from relevant tweets and the Google database to show not only the range of advances among participating authors split out by their race, gender, sexual orientation and the genre of their work, but also the publishers’ treatment of their titles in terms of deal announcements and pre-pub attention in industry publications. The paper is based on a multi-year project of cleaning and evaluating the collected data to assess what it reveals about the habits and strategies of American publishers in acquiring and promoting titles from a diverse group of authors across the literary, non-fiction, children’s, mystery, romance, and SFF genres.
Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional SkillsEduSkills OECD
Presentations by Adriano Linzarini and Daniel Catarino da Silva of the OECD Rethinking Assessment of Social and Emotional Skills project from the OECD webinar "Innovations in measuring social and emotional skills and what AI will bring next" on 5 July 2024
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)- Concept, Features, Elements, Role of advertising in IMC
Advertising: Concept, Features, Evolution of Advertising, Active Participants, Benefits of advertising to Business firms and consumers.
Classification of advertising: Geographic, Media, Target audience and Functions.
1. B1 You and your genes Route map Over the next 12 lessons you will study : Friday 21 October 2011 B1.1 The same and different B1.2 Family values B1.3 The human lottery B1.4 Cystic fibrosis End of module test B1.5 Male or female? B1.6 Ethics – making decisions B1.7 Genetic testing and screening B1.8 Knowing information about your genes B1.9 Can you choose your child? B1.10 Gene therapy B1.11 Cloning – science fiction or fact? B1.12 Stem cells
2. B1.7 Genetic screening and testing Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand how genetic information can be used to detect inherited disorders. Understand the ethics to using how genetic information and/or screening should be used by governments, parents and even businesses in pricing life insurance or pension products Friday 21 October 2011 PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers First activity: If insurance companies, private health care provider or even pension companies use DNA profiling to determine the cost in pounds of a policy, do you think this is fair for a) an at risk individual or b) someone who is not at risk ? Literacy: Genetic testing, genetic screening, false positive, ethics, DNA, genes, chromosomes, probes, genetic fingerprinting, autoradiography and DNA sample Numeracy: Currently the DNA profiles of up to four million people are held by the UK government. Over 250,000 children have also had their DNA profiles taken and held by police data bases. Businesses also want to use this information in assessing risk.
3. B1.7 Genetic screening and testing Extension questions: 1: What are the argument s for and against using DNA profile to determine the cost of a) pension cover b) life insurance and c) private healthcare 2: If a person has false positive result how might this affect him or her if companies used DNA screening ? 3: What’s the difference between a false positive and false negative result ? 4: Do you think the National health service should have a record of our DNA so it could know our likely future health problems ? Know this: a: Know how genetic information can be used to detect inherited disorders like sickle cell anaemia and cystic fibrosis b: Know how genetic information could be mis-used by companies including life insurance providers. Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: Genetic testing is used to look for alleles that cause genetic disorders, when parents are identified as carriers of an inherited disorder like cystic fibrosis. In the future we may all be genetically screened to look for genes linked to diseases like cancer and heart disease. Despite the obvious many advantages of ‘at birth genetic screening’ many people are opposed to the health service, police and even companies holding information about our genes. Most are worried that people will suffer discrimination because of their genes and that people will faulty genes will suffer discrimination.
4. B1.7 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Look at the arguments for and against genetic testing what is your view point ? Should parent use genetic screening to know whether children are at risk of diseases like cancer, heart disease and depression ? All life should be given a chance of survival regardless of a genetic disorder Police may use our DNA to link us to a crime Pension companies may not offer us a pension if we are going to live too long Health companies may not provide health care if we are going to suffer form heart disease or cancer Genetic testing can be divided into two basic types: diagnostic and predictive. Diagnostic tests involve determining the cause of a disease in a patient with symptoms, much the same as standard blood tests or x-rays would be used. Predictive tests are those in which a person is found to be at increased risk for a disorder, but no symptoms of the disorder are present. There are fundamental differences in the ethical and procedural issues involved in using these different forms of testing. Is genetic screening ethical We will be able to deicide to terminate a foetus if it has a ‘genetic disorder We will know our future health risks like heart disease, cancer and even depression Scientists will be able to design drugs that work using our genes ? Arguments for ? Arguments against ? We might find genes for example that lead to overeating, where we can control by drug treatment the effects of these genes in humans Key concepts
5. Key concepts B1.7 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Genetic Testing involves direct examination of the DNA molecule itself. Genetic tests are used for several reasons, including: testing for inherited disorder, paternity testing forensic testing and generating information on health risk to the individual. Currently the government via the National Health Service, primary care trust, doctor and other medical staff are responsible for the health care of individuals which may include genetic screening. Give one advantage to your family doctor knowing your DNA profile ? Explain why secondary health care providers might not need to know your DNA profile ? Minister of health Department of health Regional health authorities Primary health care Secondary health care Community nursing, GP’s Dentists, Pharmacies & Opticians Hospitals, Mental health, Occupational therapy, ambulance & education
6. B1.7 Plenary Lesson summary: heart disorders health risk Friday 21 October 2011 Some people think that having the information from genetic testing or screening is useful, but there are also good reasons why not everyone agrees. A decision may benefit many people, but it may not be the right decision if it causes a great amount of harm to a few people. How Science Works: Research about how the government plants to increase the number of people on its DNA database and how it intends to begin to use this information to predict life expectancy health problems a person might have. Preparing for the next lesson: Genetic testing is used to look for alleles that cause genetic __________ and other health problems like depression, cancer and _______ disease. Increasingly companies and _________ care providers will use this information to better treat you and asses your _____ for certain disease. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: Doctors could treat you with drugs designed around your DNA False True 2: If you have a long life expectancy you pension costs may decrease ? False True 1: Drug treatment based on ‘false positive’ genetic tests could be dangerous ?
7. B1.8 Knowing information about your genes Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand how genetic information can be used and misused Understand who are the potential users of the information, to include genetic screening, insurance companies and employers Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Give three potential uses of DNA profile by a) the police b) the health service and c) companies like pensions companies? Numeracy: Over the next 20 years 500 000 people will donate genetic samples and answer questions about their lifestyles. This for the first time will give scientists data link a persons DNA to their life expectancy, the disease they may suffer even their behaviour PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers Literacy: Genetic testing, genetic screening, false positive, ethics, DNA, genes, chromosomes, probes, genetic fingerprinting, autoradiography and DNA sample
8. B1.8 Knowing information about your genes Extension questions: 1: Would you want to have more information about your genes and what disease you might suffer in the future. Suggest some pros and cons of knowing about your genes from birth. 2: Why do many scientists think that Biobank will benefit society ? 3: Give one argument that people have given against Biobank. 4: Other than the health service, do you think any other organisation (government or business) should have access to your DNA profile ? Know this: a: Know how genetic information can be used and misused b: Know who are the potential users of the information, to include genetic screening, insurance companies and employers. Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: In the future it may be possible to screen children at birth for many different alleles. People would know if they had genes that increased their risk of a particular disease. But remember that most diseases are affected by many genes and your lifestyle. Biobank, a new research project, began in 2005 to investigate genes linked to common diseases. Many people think that only you and your doctor should know information about your genes. They’re worried that it could affect a person’s job prospects and chances of getting life insurance. Despite this doctors could use this information to better treat you if your were at risk from high blood pressure, certain cancers (breast and prostate) early onset diabetes and even depression or other mental illness.
9. Key concepts B1.8 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: The government would like to genetically screen the entire population at birth and share information with the NHS (health service) the police and business. People are worries that the information will always be used for the good of all people in a population. Genetic tests are done by analyzing small samples of blood or body tissues. They determine whether you, carry genes for certain health problems Explain how might the way the police and the NHS use information on your DNA profile differ ? Do you think all newborns should have their DNA profile taken and shared with the a) NHS b) the police and c) businesses ? Using DNA/genetic screening NHS Police Business Healthcare Drugs Life expectancy Forensics Crimes profiling Pensions Insurance Drug treatments
10. Key concepts B1.8 b Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genes influence an individual’s response to drugs. Though the field would seem to be brand new, it is really half a century old. In the 1950’s, scientists first identified deficiencies in enzymes that explained adverse reactions to drugs and that they could be inherited. Explain why using your DNA to design a drug treatment may make that drug a) more effective and b) safer ? Why do people response to drugs differ ? Would the cost of drugs designed specially for you be less or more than regular drugs ? Designing drugs around your DNA
11. B1.8 Plenary Lesson summary: genes risk increased screen Friday 21 October 2011 Scientists already use information about people’s DNA to help them solve crimes. They produce DNA profiles from cells left at a crime scene and link then to suspects in an criminal case. Also over the next 20 years 500,000 people will donate DNA and answer questions about their lifestyles. This for the first time will give scientists data linking a persons DNA to their life expectancy, the disease they may suffer even their behaviour. How Science Works: Research what pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is and find out how it is carried out step by step. Preparing for the next lesson: The future may provide us with opportunities to _______ children at birth for many different alleles, which would show us if the child had ______ that would _________ their ______ of getting a particular disease. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: Insurers will definitely insure someone who has a genetic disorder ? False True 2: Health care providers may not treat people with faulty genes ? False True 1: People with genes that help them live longer may pay higher pension costs ?
12. B1.9 Can you choose your child ? Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand how new techniques can allow people to select embryos based on their DNA profile given by genetic screening Understand the implications, (ethical, economic and social) of widespread genetic screening in a population Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: A lot of news coverage about so called ‘designer babies’ has opened a debate about whether parent should be able to select traits that they consider desirable in their unborn children, for example behaviour, intelligence, life expectancy, colour of hair or eyes. Do you think this should be allowed ? Literacy: Numeracy: IVF has been used since 1977 to help couples who could not conceive a child naturally. Since then over 300,000 women worldwide have become pregnant by IVF treatment PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers Literacy: Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) Genetic testing, genetic screening, false positive, ethics, DNA, genes, chromosomes, probes, genetic fingerprinting, autoradiography and DNA sample
13. B1.9 Can you choose your child? Extension questions: 1: Explain how IVF helps infertile couple have children ? 2: If you had a risk of having a child with a generic disease, what would you decide to do and why and write down one viewpoint that embryo selection shouldn’t be done? 3: Couple who are carries of faulty alleles can now use IVF and OCG together to ensure that their children are disease free. Explain how the embryos are screen for genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis ? 4: Draw a flow diagram to show the main steps in embryo selection using PGD ? Know this: a: Know how new techniques can allow people to select embryos based on their DNA profile given by genetic screening b: Know the ethical implications of using PGD Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: Infertile couple since 1977 have been offered in vitro fertilisation (IVF) by doctors as a way on having children. In this treatment the mother’s egg cells are fertilized outside her body and the developing embryo are implanted into the womb, where normal pregnancy and child birth result. Doctors can also use IVF to help couples whose children are at risk from a serious genetic disorder through Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Here the DNA of several embryos are screened and only the healthy embryos are implanted back into the womb.
14. Key concepts B1.9 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: PGD is the application of genetic testing on a live embryo prior to womb implantation. embryos produced by IVF are cultured until they are between 6-10 cells in size so that one or two cells can be removed (cell biopsy) for genetic analysis. Embryos can then be selected on the basis of their DNA and the absence of genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis. At £6000 per IVF cycle per couple should the NHS pay for unlimited attempts for all couples ? Should all families that carry faulty genes only be allowed to have children using the IVF PGD method which ensures a disease free baby ? IVF and PGD Case one Case two Parents are able to use IVF and PGD to screen embryos for genetic disorder and to see if they are a match for a brother or sister who requires a bone marrow transplant Parents might want to use IVF and PGD in the future to screen their embryos for other traits including physical and behavioural characteristics In vitro fertilisation PGD screening Implantation The process of IVF and PGD
15. B1.9 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Explain why the female is given hormones prior to egg harvesting ? Why are several embryo implanted into the womb and have IVF led to a rise in twin and triplet births ? In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process by which eggs are fertilised by sperm outside the womb. IVF is a major treatment in infertility when other methods of assisted reproductive technology have failed. The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory process, removing eggs from the woman's ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a fluid medium. The fertilised egg zygote is then transferred to the patient's uterus with the intent to establish a successful pregnancy. The first successful birth of a "test tube baby", Louise Brown Overview of ‘in vitro’ fertilisation Stage one: Injected hormones increase production in the ovaries Stage two: Eggs are harvest and fertilised with sperm and incubated Stage three: Embryos can be screened and implanted back into the female womb Key concepts
16. B1.9 Plenary Lesson summary: termination treatment In-vitro outside Friday 21 October 2011 The first use of PGD to choose embryos was in the U.K. in 1989. At the moment, PGD is only allowed for families with particular inherited conditions like cystic fibrosis. In the future, parents may use IVF and PGD to screen for traits like child behaviour, life expectancy, intelligence and long term health. How Science Works: Research into how gene therapy technologies are being developed to treat inherited faulty genes and also inherited disorders like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia Preparing for the next lesson: For those people who are carriers of a genetic disease and do not agree with __________ but still want to have children, there is a __________ available where the mother’s egg cells are fertilized _______ her body, that is, in _____ fertilisation. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: Some parents might use IVF and PGD to produce designer babies ? False True 2: IVF is used with PGD to help parents have children free of genetic disorders ? False True 1: IVF used to help infertile couple to conceive has been used since 2001 ?
17. B1.10 Gene therapy Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand how gene therapy is being developed to eventually replace faulty inherited genes Understand how gene therapy could be a possible treatment for some genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia We will focus on. Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Gene therapy was put forward as a possible cure for people with cystic fibrosis, however it has proved unsuccessful so far. One of the problems is that the lung contains billions of cells which all carry the faulty gene. Replacing all those faulty genes would be impossible using gene therapy...explain why ? Numeracy: Gene therapy although first researched in the 1990s has failed so far to offer therapies for humans with inherited disorder like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia . PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers Literacy: Gene therapy, gene screening, Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) Genetic testing, false positive, ethics, DNA, genes, chromosomes, probes, genetic fingerprinting, autoradiography and DNA sample
18. B1.10 Gene therapy Extension questions: 1: Draw a flow chart to explain the main steps in gene therapy ? 2: In the 1990’s some people thought that gene therapy would soon be able to treat CF. Explain the main problems scientists have had trying to do this ? 3: Why do you think these improvements did not last ? 4. Why is gene therapy of the sex cells is currently banned under UK law ? 5: Give three other uses for gene therapy in the future ? Know this: a: Know how gene therapy is being developed to treat faulty inherited genes. b: Know how gene therapy could be a treatment for cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anaemia and Huntingdon’s disease. Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: Cystic fibrosis patients carry two faulty, recessive alleles. These recessive alleles makes a faulty protein that causes symptoms associated with CF including excessive mucus in the lungs. Some scientists have been trying to develop a new treatment for CF. Their plan is to put copies of the normal allele into the cells of CF patients. This treatment is called gene therapy . Scientists in the mid-1990s trapped normal alleles in fat droplets and used nose sprays to get them into the lung cells of CF patients. Although the health of some of the patients did improve, these improvements didn’t last because only a few of the many billions of lung cells had their faulty alleles replaced.
19. B1.10 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Gene therapy could be developed as a ‘direct delivery’ treatment where new genes are inserted into target organs using a virus, or by creating new cells which carry the functioning genes in the laboratory which are then injected into the target organ. Currently more research is required before the treatment becomes available. Why would a patients own cells be used in cell based delivery of new genes ? Why are current gene therapy treatments not solving the problem of passing a faulty gene onto their children ? SCID is caused by a faulty gene. Explain what SCID stands for, how it is caused and how people with SCID protect themselves. Gene therapy Key concepts
20. Key concepts B1.10 b Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: In the future it may be possible to use gene therapy to prevent known genetic diseases. New and functioning genes could be put into the sex cells or fertilized egg cells replacing faulty genes. This type of therapy could provide a treatment for SCID, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease. Humans born with this disease spend their entire life in a sterile bubble because they have virtually no immune system, meaning that the first minor infection would kill them. Why did the boy pictured opposite left have to spend his entire life in a sterile plastic bubble ? The boy in the picture died after an unsuccessful bone marrow transplant, do you think his parents were right to treat him and take that risk ? Gene Virus Using gene therapy to treat SCID
21. B1.10 Plenary Lesson summary: normal copies disorder proved Friday 21 October 2011 David Vetter suffered from a rare genetic disease now known as severe combined immune deficiency syndrome (SCID). Forced to live in a sterile environment, he became know as the boy in the plastic bubble . He spent most of his life at Hospital but in 1981, David was discharged to his parents'. He died of cancer in 1984 after an unmatched bone marrow transplant from his sister , How Science Works: Research into cloning and the potential uses of cloning. Preparing for the next lesson: Gene therapy is where _______ of the _______ functioning allele are put into a target tissue directly or into target cells of a patient with a known genetic _________. patients. Currently gene therapy treatments have only _______ to be partially successful. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: SO far gene therapy is a well proved and successful treatment ? False True 2: Gene therapy of the gametes (sperm and egg) are currently not allowed ? False True 1: Human trials for gene therapy are allowed in all countries ?
22. B1.11 Cloning – science fiction or fact? Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand that asexual reproduction result in a genetically identical offspring which is termed a clone Understand that cloned stem cell may offer therapeutic treatments in the future for disease or damaged organs Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Imagine a person requires a liver transplant after years of heavy drinking, do you think it is right to offer that person stem cell therapy at the tax payer’s expense ? Literacy: Asexual reproduction, clones, cloning, identical, twins, fertilisation, sperm, egg, molly, dolly, stem cells, undifferentiated, differentiated Numeracy: In the next 20 year scientists believe they will be able to produce, clone and harvest stem cells which can them mature to form any other type of cell. The potential of this is to treat diseased or damaged organs with a simple stem cell injection. PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers
23. B1.11 Cloning – science fiction or fact ? Extension questions: 1: Why is natural cloning more common in plants than animals ? 2: Why are a pair of identical twins genetically identical to each other, but not to their parents? 3: Do you think cloning of humans should be allowed ? 4: Who would decide which humans could be cloned if you allowed society to clone ? 5: If you lost a brother or sister do you think that you would clone them to bring them back to life ? Know this: a: Know that asexual reproduction result in a genetically identical offspring which is termed a clone b: Know that cloned stem cell may offer therapeutic treatments in the future for disease or damaged organs Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: Many living things only need one parent to reproduce. This is asexual reproduction . Single-celled organisms e.g. bacteria, use asexual reproduction. The new bacteria only inherit genes from one parent, so their genes are identical to each others and their parents. Genetically identical organisms are called clones . The only variation between them will be caused by differences in their environment. Larger plants and animals have different types of cells for different jobs. As an embryo grows, cells become specialized e.g. blood, muscle and nerve cells. Plants keep some unspecialised cells all their lives. These cells can become anything that the plant may need e.g. new stems and leaves if cut down. These cells can also grow whole new plants so they can be used for asexual reproduction.
24. Key concepts B1.11 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: 1: A donor cell is taken from the skin of a male and an egg cell is taken from a female. 2:The egg is emptied of its genes and then fused with the donor skin cell DNA. The two cells are allowed to fuse. 3: A small electric charge is applied across the two fusing cells. 4:The zygote now contains 23 pairs of chromosomes identical. 5: Like any other normal zygote, the cell starts dividing. It is then implanted into a host womb, where it develops during a normal pregnancy. 6 Nine months later a Human clone of the donor is born . Do you think humans should be allowed to clone either a) themselves of b) a child that died ? Molly and dolly, the first cloned sheep lived until they were 6, normally sheep live between 12 to 14 years. What could be a problem with cloning humans ? Cloning in humans Donor cell Donor egg Donor cell Donor egg Fusing cells are shocked Fused cell contains 23 pairs of genes Embryo is placed inside a host womb Cloned Humans Host female
25. B1.11 b Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Occasionally a vital organ like a heart may fail even when we’re young. Scientists are now researching how to repair these organs using ‘stem cells.’ Unlike transplants, where you require a donor organ, stem cells once injected into a damaged organ can turn into new cells that can repair that organ. Stem cells unlike transplanted organs are not rejected by the body’s immune system. Explain why there is a real need to research the use of ‘stem cells’ as a source of cells that could produce any type of new cell as our own population ages ? Most stem cells used in scientific research are taken from embryos that are unwanted...what are the ethical issues of using cells taken from embryos ? If stem cell technology worked and was simple to administer we could all live to about 140...discuss the consequences of this on society ? Harvested stem cells Stem cell Blood cells Nerve cells Heart cells Stem cell technology Key concepts
26. B1.11 Plenary Lesson summary: identical asexual without clones Friday 21 October 2011 Dolly died in 2003, aged 6. The average lifespan for a sheep is 12-14 years. It took 277 attempts before Professor Wilmut’s team managed to clone Dolly. Many other cloned animals have suffered unusual illnesses. So scientists think that more research needs to be done before cloned mammals will grow into healthy adults. How Science Works: Research into cloning humans and should cloning be allowed, even thought the technology is proven and scientists have successful cloned sheep, monkeys and dogs. Preparing for the next lesson: _________ reproduction is when an organism has offspring ________ a mate, that is the offspring have just one parent and will thus have _________ genes to their parents. ______ are genetically identical organisms. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: Majority of animals use sexual reproduction False True 2: Identical twins are clones of each other, but not of either parent False True 1: An organism with two parents is not a clone
27. B1.12 Stem cells Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Imagine you have been diagnosed with life changing or threatening Parkinson's disease, dementia, Alzheimers or even liver cancer, why could doctors and laboratories who offer stem cell therapy potential take advantage of you PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers Lesson objectives: Understand that cloned stem cell may offer therapeutic treatments in the future for disease or damaged organs Understand the ethical questions that may arise when using stem cell technology to treat patients with life changing o threatening diseases. Literacy: Asexual reproduction, clones, cloning, identical, twins, fertilisation, sperm, egg, molly, dolly, stem cells, undifferentiated, differentiated, Parkinson's disease, dementia and Alzheimer's. Numeracy: Currently stem cell therapy where stem cells are injected into a target organ like the liver or brain to form new brain or liver cells is banned in this country. In Switzerland, certain doctors now offer stem cell therapy at a cost of £20,000.
28. B1.12 Stem cells Extension questions: 1: How are stem cells different from other cells ? 2: Why would scientists think stem cells would be useful in treating Parkinson’s disease ? 3: Explain how stem cell technology/treatment is different from cloning an adult ? 4: For each of these cells, say whether or not your body would reject it: bone marrow from a) your twin b) your sister and c) from stem cells with some of your own genes ? Know this: a: Know that cloned stem cell may offer therapeutic treatments in the future for disease or damaged organs b: Know the ethical questions that may arise when using stem cell technology to treat patients with life changing o threatening diseases. Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: Scientists are trying to improve methods for cloning animals, so in the future it may be possible to clone humans. Most scientists don’t want to clone adult human beings, however, some scientists do want to clone human embryos. They think that some cells from cloned embryos could be used to treat diseases. Stem cells are found in embryos (left over from fertility treatment) and they are unspecialised cells, which could be given to patients to repair damaged or diseased organs. To avoid rejection of the stem cells, they would need to have the same genes as the person getting them as a treatment.
29. Key concepts B1.12 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Stem cells can now be grown and transformed into specialized cells with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell culture. It is hoped that stem cells source form either embryos or umbilical cord tissue will be used to treat, replace and repair damages, disease or ageing organs including the heart, brain, liver and skeletal muscle. In the future disease like dementia, may be cured by injecting stem cells into the brain. Would you take this treatment if you suffered from one of these diseases ? State the ethical issues of using stem cells from a) embryos and b) umbilical cord ? Using stem cell technology Brain Other Stem cells could treat diseases like Parkinson disease where neurons cease to produce dopamine Stem cells could treat damaged organs like the heart of skeletal muscle. They could also treat organs identified with tumour for example liver cancer
30. B1.12 b Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Give two ethical reasons for and against why we should all have access to stem cell therapy/treatment ? If stem cell technology could improve life expectancy should we use it ? Stem cell technology is yet proven may never work Stem cell technology would only be available to those patients who could afford to pay ? Human embryos should not be used as a source of stem cells ? The money could be better spent on preventing people form smoking or drinking and leading an unhealthy life Medical researchers believe that stem cell therapy has the potential to dramatically change the treatment of human disease. In the future, medical researchers anticipate being able to use technologies derived from stem cell research to treat a wider variety of diseases including cancer, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, and muscle damage, However, there still exists a great deal of social and scientific uncertainty surrounding stem cell research, which could possibly be overcome through public debate and future research. Is using stem cell technology ethical Stem cell technology could help people live longer free of disease The cost of treating an elderly person with dementia using stem cell technology would be cheaper than having to provide long term care Scientists will be able to use embryos as a source for stem cells that would normally be destroyed Arguments for ? Arguments against ? If the technology works then we have the duty to make sure that we all benefit from it Key concepts
31. B1.12 Plenary Lesson summary: unspecialized cloned treat different Friday 21 October 2011 Opponents of the research argue that embryonic stem cell technologies are a slippery slope to reproductive cloning and can fundamentally devalue human life. The pro-life movement argues that a human embryo is already a human life that is entitled to protection. Contrarily, supporters of embryonic stem cell research argue that such research should be pursued because the resultant treatments could have significant medical potential. How Science Works: Revise and study for your End of Module B1 test next lesson. Preparing for the next lesson: Stem cells are ___________ animal cells which can develop into _________ types of cells. This is advantageous for scientists who want to use some cells from _______ human embryos to _______ diseases. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: Using stem cells could help cure diseases like the common cold and flu ? False True 2: Everyone feels the same about cloning humans ? False True 1: We now clone humans all the time ?