This document outlines a physics lesson plan on telescopes over 24 lessons. It will cover the different types of telescopes like refracting, reflecting, and radio telescopes. It will discuss how telescopes produce images using electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies. Key topics include lenses, star distances, galaxies, and the composition of stars. Lessons will include activities, literacy and numeracy focus, and questions for extension.
This document contains a learning activity worksheet on light, reflection, refraction, and how electrons behave as waves. It includes multiple choice questions, fill-in-the-blank activities, and short answer questions to test students' understanding of key concepts. Students are asked to define terms, describe phenomena like the photoelectric effect, and explain how experiments provide evidence that electrons exhibit wave-like properties. The various activities assess students' knowledge of the wave and particle nature of light and electrons.
This document contains a learning activity worksheet for a Grade 12 Physical Science class. It includes multiple choice questions, true/false questions, and activities about various light phenomena and the discovery of radio waves. Some of the topics covered include rainbow formation, color absorption and reflection, scattering of light in the atmosphere, mirages, halos and sundogs. It also addresses Hertz's experiments producing and detecting radio waves and how this discovery led to important applications of radio waves in areas like broadcasting and wireless communication.
This document contains a learning activity worksheet about motion and the development of models of the universe. It includes multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions about Greek astronomers like Aristotle, Ptolemy, and Copernicus and their cosmological models. It also covers Galileo's ideas about motion, including that objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force. Students are asked to analyze experiments on falling objects in air and vacuum and distinguish between Galileo's views on horizontal motion and Newton's first law of motion.
Astronomy - Stat eof the Art - CosmologyChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the properties of the whole universe are covered, including Hubble expansion, the age and size, the big bang, and dark energy.
This document contains a series of multiple choice questions about telescopes and astronomical observation. The questions cover topics like the basic functioning of reflecting and refracting telescopes, the advantages of larger telescope size and space-based telescopes, interferometry techniques, and common instruments attached to telescopes.
This document contains multiple choice questions and answers from Chapter 5 of the textbook "The Cosmic Perspective". The chapter discusses light and matter, including how light interacts with matter, the nature of light as both a wave and particle, the electromagnetic spectrum, and atomic structure and spectra. Key points covered include how light can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected by matter, the wave-particle duality of light, and how the temperature of an object determines the peak wavelength in its thermal radiation spectrum.
Astronomy - State of the Art - Life in the UniverseChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the potential for life in the universe is covered, including extreme life on Earth, the Drake equation and SETI
The Sun shines through nuclear fusion in its core. The core is hot and dense enough for hydrogen to fuse into helium via the proton-proton chain reaction. This nuclear fusion releases energy that gradually makes its way to the surface and radiates into space, powering the Sun for billions of years. We know about the Sun's interior structure from mathematical models, observations of solar vibrations, and detections of solar neutrinos. Solar activity like sunspots and solar flares are caused by magnetic fields in the Sun. Bursts of particles from solar activity can disrupt power grids and satellites orbiting Earth. The 11-year solar cycle is due to changes in the Sun's magnetic field over time.
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere. In modern times, astronomy is defined as the science of the universe outside of Earth. Key areas of astronomy include cosmology, astrometry, planetology, and radio astronomy. Optical telescopes use lenses to collect and focus light, while radio telescopes use large concave mirrors. Other instruments like spectroscopes, photometers, and interferometers are also used. The universe originated from a massive expansion known as the Big Bang, and theories about its future evolution and structure continue to be explored. Galaxies, stars, and planetary systems are some of the main components of the universe studied by astronomers.
Special relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time by showing that they are relative rather than absolute. Key ideas include:
- No object can exceed the speed of light, and the speed of light is the same in all reference frames.
- Time passes more slowly and lengths contract for objects in motion, with dramatic effects near light speed.
- Simultaneity of events depends on one's perspective; time and space are relative rather than absolute concepts.
Olber's paradox states that if the universe is infinite and contains an infinite number of stars, each emitting the same amount of light, then the night sky should be uniformly bright, which it is not. Considering an expanding, finite universe explains why the night sky is dark - there is a finite number of stars with finite lifetimes, and the light from distant stars has not had time to reach us due to the universe's finite age. Distant stars are also redshifted into obscurity due to the universe's expansion.
The document summarizes key concepts about exploring space through electromagnetic radiation and telescopes. It discusses how light from distant stars and galaxies takes years to reach Earth, and how different types of telescopes like optical and radio telescopes are used to observe electromagnetic radiation from space. Important space exploration missions and discoveries are also outlined, like the Voyager probes, Galileo probe, Apollo moon landings, the space shuttle program, and the International Space Station.
The document discusses current and future space missions. It describes the International Space Station (ISS) which involves 16 nations building modules to create a permanent space laboratory. The ISS is being constructed in phases, with completion expected in 2006. The document also discusses past and planned missions to Mars, including the successful Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Pathfinder missions from 1996.
The document contains a 10 question quiz about the electromagnetic spectrum and related topics like radiation, global warming, and the greenhouse effect. The questions cover topics such as the different types of radiation, how they are used and their effects, how food is cooked in microwaves, what gases cause global warming, and what the greenhouse effect has on Earth.
The James Webb Space Telescope will launch in 2018 to be the foremost space telescope of the next decade. With infrared imaging capabilities, it will see further back in time than previous telescopes to observe the formation of the first stars and galaxies as well as the evolution of planetary systems. The JWST's goals are to search for the earliest galaxies and stars, determine how galaxies evolve over time, observe star and planet formation, and examine exoplanets for potential habitability. It will accomplish these goals using a large primary mirror, instruments sensitive to infrared wavelengths, and the ability to detect highly redshifted light from the earliest objects in the universe.
The document contains multiple choice questions and answers about key concepts regarding the Sun from Chapter 14 of The Cosmic Perspective textbook. Specifically, it addresses questions about why the Sun shines, the conditions required for nuclear fusion, how photons move from the Sun's core to its surface, the solar activity cycle, and how solar activity affects Earth.
Radio astronomy is a fascinating science and it studies the Universe by detecting radio emission from many objects like the Sun, the Milky way, planets, galaxies and nebulas. In this presentation Filippo Bradaschia, PrimaLuceLab president and co-founder, gives an overview on radio astronomy history and basic physics. Then he introduces the most important radio sources in the Universe and the SPIDER affordable radio telescopes developed by PrimaLuceLab with Radio2Space brand. These instruments allow any school, university, museum or science institute to make real radio astronomy with powerful but affordable, compact and easy to use radio telescopes.
Cosmology is the study of the origin and evolution of the universe. Observational evidence shows the universe is expanding, with more distant galaxies receding faster. The cosmological principle states the universe appears homogeneous and isotropic at large scales. Matter in the universe includes baryons like protons and neutrons, photons that make up radiation, neutrinos, and non-baryonic dark matter. The expansion of the universe is governed by Friedman equations involving the scale factor and density of the universe. Simple cosmological models can be constructed assuming the universe is filled with either pressureless matter or radiation.
In 1929 Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding. Ever since, we have been striving to fully comprehend the implications of his discovery. Our understanding of the universe and our place in it has evolved from an anthropocentric, static, earth-centered model to a dynamic, evolving cosmos where galaxies are flung across time and space, where the cosmic horizon is quickly receding and the discoveries that await us are limited only by our imagination.
Based on Edwin Hubble’s discovery that the universe is expanding, a study was begun in 1998 to determine the expansion rate of the universe at great distances. Culminating with the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to 2 Americans and an Australian, it was determined that the expansion rate of the universe is not decreasing but increasing at great distances, a finding that was quite unexpected and had far-reaching implications for our cosmological models and understanding of the expanding universe. In this presentation, I discuss this discovery in detail and how a specific type of exploding star (supernova) was used to make this discovery.
A telescope is an instrument that collects electromagnetic radiation to aid in observing distant objects. There are two main types of telescopes: refracting telescopes, which use lenses, and reflecting telescopes, which use mirrors. Refracting telescopes were invented first in 1608 and helped discoveries like Galileo's observation of Jupiter's moons, while reflecting telescopes were developed later due to producing clearer images. Both telescope types work by collecting and focusing light using the principles of refraction for lenses or reflection for mirrors to magnify distant objects.
Optical telescopes use either lenses or mirrors to gather and focus light, allowing astronomers to see objects that are too faint or distant to view with the naked eye. Refracting telescopes use lenses to bend and focus light, while reflecting telescopes use curved mirrors. Spectroscopy reveals properties of astronomical objects like temperature, velocity, and composition by separating light into its component wavelengths. Astronomers use several techniques to measure the vast distances to stars and galaxies, including trigonometric parallax for nearby stars, and variable star properties like period-luminosity relationships for more distant objects.
A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation like visible light. There are two main types - refracting telescopes which use lenses, and reflecting telescopes which use mirrors. The first working telescope was created in 1608 by Hans Lippershey and consisted of convex and concave lenses in a tube. Galileo then improved on this design and was the first to observe astronomical objects like the moons of Jupiter. Reflecting telescopes later became more widely used as advances allowed for larger, more stable mirrors to be crafted. Modern telescopes can see distant galaxies and observe the evolution of the universe over billions of years.
1. Astronomers use two main types of telescopes - refracting and reflecting telescopes - to observe visible light from space objects.
2. Refracting telescopes use lenses to gather and focus light, while reflecting telescopes use mirrors; the largest reflecting telescope has a main mirror 10 meters wide.
3. Telescopes face obstacles from Earth's atmosphere, so some are placed in space like the Hubble Space Telescope to overcome issues and allow clearer observation of faint objects in the universe.
Telescope, It's uses, and properties of it.marcpalarion
The document summarizes the history and development of telescopes from their invention in 1608 by Hans Lippershey to modern space telescopes. Key events included Galileo improving the design in 1609, Demisiani coining the term "telescope" in 1611, Kepler providing a mathematical solution using two convex lenses, and improvements throughout the 18th and 20th centuries leading to larger telescopes launched into space like Hubble. The document also describes the basic parts and types of telescopes including refracting and reflecting designs.
The document provides an overview of how telescopes work, including their history and the key components and principles of refracting and reflecting telescopes. Refracting telescopes use lenses to bend light rays and form an image, while reflecting telescopes use mirrors. Both collect light and use additional lenses or mirrors to magnify the image for viewing. The size of the objective lens or mirror determines how much light is collected, while different eyepieces allow changing the magnification. Filters can enhance viewing of certain objects. Modern telescopes also observe wavelengths beyond visible light.
The document provides an overview of how telescopes work, including their history and the key components and principles of refracting and reflecting telescopes. Refracting telescopes use lenses to bend light rays, while reflecting telescopes use mirrors. Both collect light to form a bright focal point that eyepieces then magnify to produce enlarged images for viewing. Larger apertures allow telescopes to collect more light and produce brighter images.
Edwin Hubble used the 48-inch Palomar Telescope in 1949 to make discoveries. There are three main types of telescopes: refractors which use lenses, reflectors which use mirrors, and compound telescopes which use both lenses and mirrors. The aperture and focal length of a telescope determine its light gathering ability and magnification. Atmospheric conditions like light pollution, turbulence, and temperature affect telescope views.
Optical telescopes use lenses or mirrors to gather and focus light, allowing us to see stars and distant objects. Refracting telescopes use two lenses, while reflecting telescopes use mirrors, allowing them to be larger in size. Interferometry combines multiple telescopes to produce clearer images. The Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth, allowing observations unhindered by the atmosphere. Other telescopes observe different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, like infrared and radio, enabling new discoveries.
A telescope is an instrument that gathers light from distant objects to make them appear closer. It uses lenses or mirrors to focus light and magnify views of planets, stars, comets, and other objects in space as well as wildlife on Earth. The main types are refracting telescopes, which use lenses, and reflecting telescopes, which use mirrors. Newer space and ground-based telescopes will provide clearer views deeper into the universe than ever before.
The document describes Michelson interferometer, an instrument invented by American physicist Albert Michelson. It splits a light beam into two parts which travel different paths before recombining to form an interference pattern. By moving one of the mirrors, the path difference between the beams can be adjusted precisely in increments of 1/4 the wavelength. This allows for extremely accurate measurements of wavelength and precise length measurements, such as Michelson's famous measurement of the speed of light. The interferometer played an important role in the development of classical physics in the late 19th century.
This document provides information about different types of telescopes. It describes refracting telescopes which use lenses, reflecting telescopes which use mirrors, and catadioptric telescopes which use a combination of lenses and mirrors. It explains the basic components and functions of telescopes, such as how they collect and focus light using objectives and eyepieces to magnify images. Examples are given of popular telescope models and some of the largest modern telescopes. The history of telescope development is briefly outlined from Galileo's early refracting telescopes to today's large research instruments.
The document provides information on astrophysics, astronomy, the universe, galaxies, the Sun, and the layers and components of the Sun. It discusses the history of astronomy and how our understanding has developed since the mid-1800s. It also summarizes the history of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics and the 6-inch telescope located there. The 6-inch telescope's components and how it is used to focus images of sunspots are described.
A telescope is an optical instrument that uses lenses or mirrors to gather light and provide higher magnification and resolution than the naked eye. It allows astronomers to observe distant objects in space like planets, stars, and galaxies. There are two main types - reflecting telescopes which use curved mirrors, and refracting telescopes which use lenses. The first person to point a telescope skyward was Galileo Galilei in 1609, allowing him to observe details on the moon. Telescopes have helped astronomers determine key facts about the universe like its estimated age of 13-14 billion years.
A telescope is an optical instrument that uses lenses or mirrors to gather light and provide higher magnification and resolution than the naked eye. It allows astronomers to observe distant objects in space like planets, stars, and galaxies. There are two main types - reflecting telescopes which use curved mirrors, and refracting telescopes which use lenses. The first person to point a telescope skyward was Galileo Galilei in 1609, allowing him to observe details on the moon. Telescopes have helped astronomers determine properties of the universe like its age.
The document provides a history of the invention and development of telescopes from the early 17th century to modern times. It discusses how Hans Lippershey is generally credited with inventing the refracting telescope in 1608, though others may have contributed. Galileo improved upon the design and was the first to use telescopes to make astronomical observations. Later, James Gregory designed the first reflecting telescope in 1663, and Isaac Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope. Over time, refracting and reflecting telescope designs continued to be improved and developed. Modern telescopes include radio telescopes and space-based telescopes like Hubble.
This document discusses concepts related to light, optics, and color. It begins by outlining students' prior knowledge and misconceptions about light. The key teaching challenges are explained as helping students understand light propagation and virtual images. A general model of radiation is presented involving a source, medium, and detector. Concepts such as refraction, dispersion, reflection, total internal reflection, lenses, and the eye are defined. Real and virtual images are distinguished. Color is discussed as involving either additive or subtractive properties. References for further support and resources are provided.
This document discusses concepts related to light, optics, and color. It begins by outlining students' prior knowledge and misconceptions about light. The key teaching challenges are explained as helping students understand light propagation and virtual images. A general model of radiation is presented involving a source, medium, and detector. Concepts such as refraction, dispersion, reflection, total internal reflection, lenses, and the eye are defined. Real and virtual images are distinguished. Color is discussed as involving either additive or subtractive properties. References for further teaching support are provided.
The document provides an overview of astronomy and its history. It discusses how early cultures used observations of the sky to develop calendars based on the Earth's rotation and revolution. It describes the early models of the universe proposed by Ptolemy and Copernicus. Key figures like Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, Newton and Hubble are discussed for their contributions to the development of modern astronomy, such as Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Galileo's telescope observations, Newton's law of gravity, and Hubble's discovery of other galaxies. The document also covers different types of telescopes used in astronomy and concepts like the electromagnetic spectrum, celestial sphere, light-years, and redshift.
As humans, there has always been a fascination with the mysteries of the universe. The night sky, twinkling stars, and distant planets have been a source of wonder and inspiration for generations. It is no wonder that people buy telescopes
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The document outlines a route map for a 12 lesson course on electric circuits. It will cover topics like static electricity, electric charge, circuits, current, resistance, resistors, voltage, power, and electricity generation and distribution. It provides learning objectives and a sample activity for the first lesson which involves drawing a series circuit with batteries, a switch, light bulb, resistor and variable resistor and adding a voltmeter and ammeter.
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in 12 lessons on electric circuits. The lessons will cover static electricity, electric charge, circuit symbols, simple circuits, controlling and measuring current, resistance, resistor combinations, measuring voltage, electrical power, domestic appliances, generating electricity, and distributing electricity. Each lesson will have objectives, activities, extension questions, and a summary.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and lessons covered in a physics module on forces and motion. Over 12 lessons, students will learn about forces in different directions, how objects start and stop moving, friction, reaction forces, speed, modeling motion, force interactions, momentum, changes in momentum, car safety, laws of motion, work and energy, and kinetic and gravitational potential energy. Example questions and activities are provided to help students understand concepts like momentum, changes in momentum due to forces, and how safety features in cars like seatbelts reduce impact forces during collisions.
The document outlines a 12 lesson plan on the topic of forces and motion. It will cover key concepts such as forces in different directions, how objects start to move, friction, reaction of surfaces, speed, modeling motion, force interactions, changes in momentum, car safety, and laws of motion. Each lesson will include objectives, activities, literacy and numeracy focuses, and questions to help students understand the key topics being covered.
1. The document outlines a route map for a chemistry module covering topics like alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and energy changes over 24 lessons.
2. Lesson C7.9 focuses on rates of reaction and how factors like temperature, concentration, and particle size can influence the rate. Collision theory and activation energy are also discussed.
3. Examples of reversible reactions are given where the direction can change based on conditions like temperature and pressure. Equilibrium is reached when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and concentrations no longer change.
This document outlines a chemistry lesson plan covering titrations. The lesson will teach students how titration is used as a quantitative technique to measure the concentrations of acids and bases by determining the volume needed of a standard solution to reach the endpoint of a neutralization reaction. Key concepts include using an indicator to identify the endpoint, repeating titrations to obtain an accurate average volume, and how titrations can be used to find the concentration of an unknown solution based on the reaction stoichiometry. The lesson will also discuss using data loggers and pH probes for higher precision measurements.
The document outlines a chemistry route map for studying various topics over 24 lessons, including alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, fats and oils, energy changes, chromatography, titrations, reaction rates, equilibrium, the chemical industry, and green chemistry. It provides lesson objectives, activities, and questions for lessons on alkanes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids, covering topics like their structures, properties, reactions, uses, and how they are produced.
This document outlines a route map for a chemistry module covering topics like alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, fats and oils, energy changes, chromatography, gas chromatography, titrations, rates of reaction, equilibrium, the chemical industry, green chemistry, industrial chemistry, theories on acidity, sampling, and making ethanoic acid. The module will focus on improving yield in industrial chemistry and reducing waste and pollution.
This document provides an overview of a 12-lesson chemistry module that will cover various topics related to chemical synthesis, including the chemical industry, acids and alkalis, rates of reactions, and factors that affect rates. It focuses specifically on lesson 6.11, which discusses the different stages involved in chemical synthesis, and lesson 6.12, which is about measuring the yield of chemical reactions.
The document provides an overview of a 12-lesson course on chemical synthesis that covers topics such as the chemical industry, acids and alkalis, reactions of acids, salts, purity of chemicals, rates of reactions, catalysts, chemical quantities, stages of chemical synthesis, and measuring yield. The first lesson focuses on understanding the role and importance of the chemical industry and the difference between bulk and fine chemicals.
This document outlines a lesson plan on metals from the lithosphere. It will teach students how reactive metals are extracted from ores using methods like carbon displacement and electrolysis. Key concepts include metal ores, extraction methods, reactivity series, and calculating formula masses of compounds. Activities include matching metals to their ores, naming metals, and explaining extraction techniques and material uses based on reactivity.
This document provides an overview of the lessons that will be covered in a course on chemicals in the natural environment. The 12 lessons will cover chemicals found in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. It outlines the key concepts, objectives and activities for the first lesson which will introduce the four spheres and focus on the chemicals found in each.
1. Ionic compounds form when a metal reacts with a non-metal, resulting in positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non-metal ions that bond together in a crystalline lattice structure.
2. When ionic compounds dissolve in water or melt, the ions become free to move and conduct electricity. During electrolysis, positively charged metal ions move to the cathode and negatively charged non-metal ions move to the anode.
3. Common ionic compounds include sodium chloride, formed from sodium and chlorine ions, and copper chloride, used in electrolysis to extract copper metal from its ionic form.
The document provides an overview of a 12-lesson chemistry course covering topics like the periodic table, alkaline metals, chemical equations, halogens, helium, atomic structure, electrons, salts, and ionic theory. It includes lesson objectives, activities, extension questions, and summaries for the first two lessons which focus on the periodic table and alkaline metals. Key points covered are the periodic table's arrangement of elements, properties of group 1 alkaline metals like their reactions with water and acids, and their similarities and reactivity trends.
This document outlines a biology curriculum covering various topics over 12 lessons. It will cover photosynthesis, respiration, feeding relationships, genetics, blood, circulation, energy, symbiosis, parasites, disease, biotechnology, exercise, joints, genetic modification, and more. Key concepts include how plants and organisms obtain and use energy, genetic inheritance and testing, the structure and function of body systems, and applications of biotechnology.
Genetic testing uses gene probes to identify inherited disorders in embryos or fetuses. It was developed in the 1980s and can detect conditions like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Down syndrome. A gene probe is a piece of DNA that binds to a faulty gene, identifying disorders. Parents may choose to terminate a pregnancy if testing finds an inherited disease.
The document outlines a biology lesson plan covering photosynthesis and respiration over 12 lessons. Lesson 2 focuses on how plants trap light energy during photosynthesis. It discusses how chloroplasts in plant cells contain chlorophyll which absorbs light and uses it to split water and combine it with carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Glucose acts as a stored form of chemical energy.
This document outlines a biology course curriculum covering various topics related to photosynthesis, respiration, circulation, genetics, and more over 12 lessons. It then provides details on one specific lesson regarding breathing and gas exchange, including objectives, key concepts, and assessment questions. The lesson focuses on how the lungs, alveoli, and blood vessels facilitate the rapid exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between inhaled air and blood.
This document provides an overview of the 12 lessons to be covered in the B6 module on the brain and mind. It focuses on learned behavior and conditioning. Key points covered include:
- Animals can learn new behaviors through conditioning, such as a dog salivating when it sees its food bowl.
- Pavlov's experiment showing how dogs can learn to associate a bell with being fed through repeated conditioning.
- Studies showing how an animal's response time, such as a cat escaping a trap, decreases with repeated practice and learning.
This document provides an overview of the 12 lessons that will be covered on the topics of the brain and mind. It focuses on lesson 1 which discusses what behavior is, simple reflexes in humans like newborns, and how reflexes help with survival. Newborn babies have reflexes like grasping, sucking, and stepping to help them in the first months before they are nurtured by parents. Sudden infant death syndrome has been linked to problems with reflexes in babies.
Understanding and Interpreting Teachers’ TPACK for Teaching Multimodalities i...Neny Isharyanti
Presented as a plenary session in iTELL 2024 in Salatiga on 4 July 2024.
The plenary focuses on understanding and intepreting relevant TPACK competence for teachers to be adept in teaching multimodality in the digital age. It juxtaposes the results of research on multimodality with its contextual implementation in the teaching of English subject in the Indonesian Emancipated Curriculum.
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan ChartMohit Tripathi
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Kalyan Matka Kalyan Result Satta Matka Result Satta Matka Kalyan Satta Matka Kalyan Open Today Satta Matka Kalyan
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Beginner's Guide to Bypassing Falco Container Runtime Security in Kubernetes ...anjaliinfosec
This presentation, crafted for the Kubernetes Village at BSides Bangalore 2024, delves into the essentials of bypassing Falco, a leading container runtime security solution in Kubernetes. Tailored for beginners, it covers fundamental concepts, practical techniques, and real-world examples to help you understand and navigate Falco's security mechanisms effectively. Ideal for developers, security professionals, and tech enthusiasts eager to enhance their expertise in Kubernetes security and container runtime defenses.
How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
Delegation Inheritance in Odoo 17 and Its Use CasesCeline George
There are 3 types of inheritance in odoo Classical, Extension, and Delegation. Delegation inheritance is used to sink other models to our custom model. And there is no change in the views. This slide will discuss delegation inheritance and its use cases in odoo 17.
Principles of Roods Approach!!!!!!!.pptxibtesaam huma
Principles of Rood’s Approach
Treatment technique used in physiotherapy for neurological patients which aids them to recover and improve quality of life
Facilitatory techniques
Inhibitory techniques
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)- Concept, Features, Elements, Role of advertising in IMC
Advertising: Concept, Features, Evolution of Advertising, Active Participants, Benefits of advertising to Business firms and consumers.
Classification of advertising: Geographic, Media, Target audience and Functions.
The Value of Time ~ A Story to Ponder On (Eng. & Chi.).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint presentation on the importance of time management based on a meaningful story to ponder on. The texts are in English and Chinese.
For the Video (texts in English and Chinese) with audio narration and explanation in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUtjLnxEBKo
How to Add Colour Kanban Records in Odoo 17 NotebookCeline George
In Odoo 17, you can enhance the visual appearance of your Kanban view by adding color-coded records using the Notebook feature. This allows you to categorize and distinguish between different types of records based on specific criteria. By adding colors, you can quickly identify and prioritize tasks or items, improving organization and efficiency within your workflow.
AI Risk Management: ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, and ISO/IEC 23894PECB
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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Split Shifts From Gantt View in the Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo allows users to split long shifts into multiple segments directly from the Gantt view.Each segment retains details of the original shift, such as employee assignment, start time, end time, and specific tasks or descriptions.
1. P7 Physics ‘triple science’ Route map Over the next 24 lessons you will study: Friday 21 October 2011 P7.1 What is a telescope P7.2 Describing lenses P7.3 Refracting telescopes P7.4 Reflecting telescopes P7.5 Radio telescopes P7.7 Images of stars P7.8 The Sun, Moon and Earth P7.9 Observing the skies P7.10 Eclipses P7.11 Star distances P7.12 Star brightness P7.6 Ray diagrams P7.14 Galaxies-cepheid variable stars P7.15 Galaxies one or many P7.13 Star temperatures P7.16 Mapping the Milky Way P7.17 The changing Universe P7.18 Our Sun P7.19 The composition of stars P7.20 Emission spectra P7.21 Atoms and nuclei P7.22 Nuclear fusion P7.23 Behaviour of gases part one P7.24 Behaviour of gases part two P7.25 Types of stars P7.26 Structure of our Sun End of module test P7.27 Protostars P7.28 Star death
2. P7.1 What is a telescope ? Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand how a variety of telescopes have been developed through history. Understand the different images produced by telescopes and understand that images can be produced from electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies. We will focus on. Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Telescopes can detect electromagnetic radiation to produce an image. How many different types of electromagnetic radiation can you remember ? Can you list them all in order of their wavelength tarting with gamma rays first ? Literacy: Telescope, reflection, refraction, electromagnetic spectrum, astronomy, universe, image, lenses, focus and electromagnetic radiation. Numeracy: The Hubble telescope’s two mirrors are a near perfect curve. If Hubble's primary mirror were scaled up to the diameter of the Earth, the largest imperfection would be only 15 cm tall. PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers
3. Extension questions: 1: What is the purpose of the lens in a telescope ? 2: A large number of telescopes use large polished curved mirrors, what is the purpose of these mirrors ? 3: Why do you think knowledge and understanding of the Universe and our own Solar System improved greatly after the 1930’s ? 4: Why do you think a large range of telescopes with very different size and shape dishes have been developed ? 5: Explain why you should never observe the Sun using a telescope ? Know this: a: Know that a large range of types of telescope have been developed. b: Know that telescopes can produce images using different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: In the Autumn of 1609 Galileo made his first observations of the moon using a telescope, although he was not the first person to use a telescope, his observations had a huge impact and changed the way people see the universe. In the 1930’s astronomers discovered that objects in the universe produced radiation other than just visible light. Since then, a large range of telescopes have now been developed, to produce images using different types of electromagnetic radiation, for example X-rays and Infra red. The radiation traveling from distant stars and galaxies takes and extremely long time to react the Earth, so looking at these images is like looking back in time ! P7.1 What is a telescope ?
4. Key concepts P7.1 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: principal axis object image A refracting telescope works by having two converging lenses of different powers set in line with each other. The lenses can be moved towards or away from each other to focus the image. The smaller lens is called the eyepiece and the larger lens is called the objective lens. The light gathering power of the telescope is given by D which is the diameter of the lens. Why is it necessary to be able to move the two lenses towards or away from each other in a simple telescope ? Look at the ray diagram above, why is the image produced by a refracting telescope inverted and smaller than the real object ? A reflecting telescope
5. Key concepts P7.1 b Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: object image Inside a simple reflecting telescope The reflecting telescope designed by Isaac Newton has a large concave mirror to collect reflected light from a distant object like a planet in our solar system. The concave mirror also converges the light to a small plane mirror for the observers eye. The eye lens acts like a magnifying glass to increase the size of the virtual image. In all telescopes the mirror is made from silvered glass...explain why this has to be as smooth as possible ? Saturn or any other planet does not produce its own light...explain where the light comes from that we use to view these planets ?
6. Key concepts P7.1 c Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Explain why this single picture taken over 10 days in 1998 has radically change the way we view our own Universe ? It is estimated that some of the galaxies picture above are up to 13 billion light years away. Explain why if life does exist there we may never know of its existence ? The Hubble telescope launched in 1996 by the shuttle program is in a fixed orbit outside the Earth’s atmosphere. In order to take images of distant, faint objects, Hubble must be extremely steady and accurate. The telescope is able to lock onto a target without deviating more than 7/1000 th of an arc-second, or about the width of a human hair seen at a distance of 1 mile. Hubble ‘deep space’ photograph in 1998 At Christmas, in 1998 Hubble’s camera was pointed at an area of space with no visible features for 10 days. When the picture was sent to Earth it showed that this small part of deep space was full of galaxies. Each speck on the picture right is a galaxy containing up to 100 billion stars
7. P7.1 Plenary Lesson summary: x-rays universe visible gamma Friday 21 October 2011 In 1609 Galileo made his first observations of the moon using a telescope. His further work placed the sun at the centre of our solar system not Earth as was taught by the bible. In deeply religious and catholic Italy Galileo was arrested and tortured by the Vatican until he renounced his findings. How Science Works: Research into how light is affected by passing through lenses. Look into different types of lenses using the terms focal length and power. If you wear glasses, find out how strong they are in dioptres. Preparing for the next lesson: Telescopes make things _________ that cannot been seen with the naked eye. A large range of telescopes have been developed to produce images of the ________ using not only light, but also radio waves, ________, infra red and _______ radiation. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: Most telescopes only detect visible light ? False True 2: We cannot see anything in the Universe without the use of a telescope ? False True 1: Pulsars were discovered by detecting regular pulses of radio waves ?
8. P7.2 Describing lenses Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand how converging lenses focus parallel rays of light and what is meant by the terms focal length and power of a lens. Understand how telescope use lenses to magnify and focus incoming rays from a distant object. We will focus on. Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Name four different types of electromagnetic radiation that can be used by telescopes to produced and image of the universe, for example visible light ? Literacy: Lenses, lens, convex lens, concave lens, refraction, converging lens, diverging lens, focus, focal length, focal point, principle axis, power, dioptre and normal. Numeracy: The power of a lens is inversely proportional to the focal length, as the power of the lens increases the focal length decreases. This relationship is shown by the formula power = 1/ focal length. PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers
9. Extension questions: 1: Explain the difference between a convex and concave lens ? 2: What is the a) ‘normal’ and b) ‘principle axis’ of a lens ? 3: Which way up is the image produced by a converging lens ? 4: Explain or give three differences between the object and its image produced by a converging lens ? 5. If a light ray hits a glass lens straight on (0 degrees to the normal), there is no refraction, can you explain why ? Know this: a: Know a lens that can bend parallel light rays into a single point is called a converging lens. b: Know the link between the focal length and power of lens. Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: The earliest and simplest telescopes used lenses to magnify and focus incoming light rays from a distant object to produce a crisp image. A lens that can focus parallel light rays into a single point is called a converging lens. Light bends as it passes through the lens, this is called refraction. A refracting telescopes uses lenses to gather and bend light as it passes though the telescope to the observer. The point at which the light rays meet in a single point is called the focus. Converging lenses can be fat or thin, the fatter a lens, the more it will refract (bend) the light as it passes through it. A fat lens that can bend light a lot is said to have a high power. Converging lenses are also used in glasses for people who are long sighted, they bring distant objects into sharper focus. P7.2 Describing lenses
10. Key concepts P7.2 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Explain what happens to the light as it travels through the glass lenses a) at region A b) in the middle at region B and c) in region C ? What happens to the speed of light as a) it travels through the glass and b) as it leaves the glass and travels through he air ? Lenses found in optical equipment including cameras, telescopes and even the human eye are able refract or bend light. Only converging or convex lenses are able to form a sharp virtual image. Images can be magnified larger than the actual object or diminished smaller than the object, depending on the type of lens that you use. Devices that use convex lenses include microscopes, zoom cameras and vision glasses. How do converging lenses work A B C
11. Key concepts P7.2 b Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: principal axis object Image virtual smaller upside down focal length cm Look at the ray diagram. To increase the focal length would you have to use a fatter or thinner lens ? If the lens surface is scratched or bumpy, what would happen to the image produced ? The ray diagram above shows how a converging lens bends light rays to meet at a point called the focus. The distance from the centre of the lens to the focus is called the focal length. This can be measured in millimetres or centimetres. A thin lens will have a long focal length and a fat lens will have a shorter focal length. How an image is produced using a converging lens
12. Key concepts P7.2 c Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Lenses of different thicknesses can bend light by different amounts. They each have a different focal length. A fat lens bends light a lot, it is said to have a high power, and a short focal length. The higher the power of a lens, the shorter the focal length. The power of a lens is measured in dioptres (D). The strength of the lens found in the human eye is about 33 dioptres ! Which has a longer focal length, a pair of reading glasses with lenses of power +2.5 D or a pair labelled as power +0.5 D ? What is a) the power of a lens with a focal length of 50 cm (hint – look at units!) and b) What is the focal length of a lens with a power of +4.5 D ? Focal length and converging lenses focal length focal length focal length
13. P7.2 Plenary Lesson summary: refraction shorter dioptres power Friday 21 October 2011 Reflector telescopes are used not only to examine the visible region but also to explore both the shorter- and longer-wavelength regions (i.e., UV and IR). The name of this type of instrument is derived from the fact that the primary mirror reflects the light back to a focus instead of refracting it. The primary mirror usually has a concave spherical or parabolic shape, and, as it reflects the light, it inverts the image at the focal plane. How Science Works: Research into how refracting telescopes work to produce an image and look into how the aperture of the main lens determines a telescope’s magnifying ability. Preparing for the next lesson: A converging lens bends light to a point called a focus in order to produce an image. The bending of the light is called __________. The _________ of a lens is measured in units called__________. The Higher the power of a lens, the _________ the focal length will be. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: Light is refracted by a lens because the lens slows down the light rays ? False True 2: Power of a lens = 1 x focal length of the lens ? False True 1: A low power lens will have a short focal length compared to a high power lens ?
14. P7.3 Refracting Telescopes Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand how converging lenses are used in telescopes to produce an image Understand how lenses are used to magnify a distant object like a planet Understand how bigger apertures give brighter images in telescopes. We will focus on. Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Think back to last lesson on describing lenses, can you write a definition of a converging lens ? Literacy: Refraction, lens, telescope, refractor, eye piece lens, objective lens, diverging lens, converging lens, convex, biconvex and aperture. Numeracy: With the naked eye, it is possible to see about 3000 stars in the night sky. Using a simple optical telescope it is possible to see about 30,000 stars in the night sky ! PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers
15. Extension questions: 1: Why are the lenses used in telescopes described as ‘biconvex’? 2: What are the names of the two refracting lenses used in a telescope? 3: Why do you think refracting lenses were used in spectacles for hundreds of years before they were first used in a telescope? 4: Why do the two lenses in a telescope need to be different powers? Know this: a: Know that a simple telescope can be made by looking through two converging lenses positioned one in front of the other. b: Know that a large aperture produces a better image Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: Any converging lens can act as a magnifying glass and make an object appear larger. The telescope was invented by Hans Lippershey when he watched his young children playing with lenses. He realised that by looking through two converging lenses far away objects appeared bigger and closer. A refracting telescope has two lenses, an eye piece lens and an objective lens. Moving the to lenses either closer to each other or further apart brings the image into focus. Binoculars also work in this way. P7.3 Refracting Telescopes
16. Key concepts P7.3 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: principal axis object image A refracting telescope works by having two converging lenses of different powers set in line with each other. The lenses can be moved towards or away from each other to focus the image. The smaller lens is called the eyepiece and the larger lens is called the objective lens. The light gathering power of the telescope is given by D which is the diameter of the lens. Why is it necessary to be able to move the two lenses towards or away from each other in a simple telelscope ? Look at the ray diagram above, why is the image produced by a refracting telescope inverted and smaller than the real object ? Inside a simple reflecting telescope Lenses can be moved
17. Key concepts P7.3 b Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: The single most important specification for any astronomical telescope is its aperture. This term refers to the diameter of the telescope's main optical lens. A telescope's aperture relates directly to the two vital aspects of the scope's performance: its light-gathering power (which determines how bright objects viewed in the scope will appear), and its maximum resolving power (how much fine detail it can reveal). Aperture and reflecting telescopes object object image image D1 = 10 cm D2 = 2 cm D3 = 6 cm D4 = 1.5 cm D3 D3 D1 D2 In the first telescope the magnifying power is worked out by dividing the diameter (cm) of the first and second lens....10/2 = 5 times. Work out the magnifying power of the second telescope Which telescope will produce the a) larger image and b) the brighter image of the object ?
18. Key concepts P7.3 c Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Explain how each telescope make the empire state building appear 5, 10 or 20 times closer ? Explain why with telescopes with magnifications over 10 times, a tripod is normally required to view the image ? Telescopes magnify distant objects like the empire state building so an observer can see an enlarged image. The user of the telescope also has to focus the image by moving either of the two converging lenses so the two lenses are the correct distance apart to produce a clear image. This is why telescopes and binocular are made to adjust the distance between both lenses. Magnification and telescopes x 5 magnification x 10 magnification x 20 magnification
19. P7.3 Plenary Lesson summary: aperture image converging distance Friday 21 October 2011 A Dutch optician (someone who makes lenses for glasses), Hans Lippershey, designed the convex lens for the first refracting telescope in 1608. He found that a distant object appeared to be much closer when he looked at it through a concave lens and a convex lens held in front of each other. He put the lenses into a tube to make the first refracting telescope. How Science Works: Research into reflecting telescopes, how a mirror or a lens can be used to produce an image and look into wavelength and diffraction of light . Preparing for the next lesson: A refracting telescope uses two __________ lenses to produced a magnified ________. The two lenses must be the correct _________ apart to produce an in focus image. A large _________ allows more light to enter the telescope so dim stars can be seen more clearly. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: The smaller the aperture, the better or brighter the image seen ? False True 2: The lens nearest the eye is called the objective lens ? False True 1: A telescope with two identical power lenses will not work ?
20. P7.4 Reflecting telescopes Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand how mirrors collect light in reflecting telescopes Understand the advantages of reflecting telescopes over refracting telescopes. Understand how by reducing diffraction an image with higher resolution is produced We will focus on. Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Reflecting telescopes uses a large concave mirror to collect light rays form a distant object. Explain why an image produced by a reflecting telescope with a large mirror is better when compared to an image produce using lenses in a refracting telescope ? Literacy: Reflector, diffraction, parabolic mirror, objective, resolving power, resolution, prism, plane mirror, focus, aperture, refracting telescope, reflecting telescope. Numeracy: The World’s most famous reflecting telescope today is the Hubble Space Telescope. Every 97 minutes, Hubble completes a spin around Earth, moving at the speed of about 8 kilometres per second— fast enough to travel across the United States in about 10 minutes ! PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers
21. Extension questions: 1:What is the name given to a curved mirror that can focus light into a single point ? 2: Why is it not possible to make a refracting telescope with a huge aperture and two very large lenses to focus the light gathered ? 3: A reflecting telescope still uses one small converging lens in the eyepiece, what is the purpose of this eye lens ? 4: Why do converging lenses ‘bend’ different colours of light by different amounts ? Know this: a: Know how a parabolic mirror can collect focus light into a single point. b: Know the advantages of using a reflecting telescope rather than a reflecting telescope. Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: Not all telescopes use lenses, reflecting telescopes use mirrors to gather light. People often mistakenly believe that a telescope's power lies in its ability to magnify objects. Telescopes actually work by collecting more light than the human eye can capture on its own. The larger a telescope's aperture, the more light it can collect, and the better the image produced. Reflecting telescopes have many advantages over refracting telescopes. Lenses cannot be made larger than 1m in diameter or they begin to distort, but a mirror in a reflecting telescope can be made up to 10m in diameter. This means they can collect more light and produce better images of very dim and distant objects in the Uuniverse. P7.4 Reflecting telescopes
22. Key concepts P7.4 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: object image Inside a simple reflecting telescope The parabolic mirror used in a reflecting telescope has many advantages over the glass lens, it can be made much larger so that it can gather more light and therefore produce better images of dim stars. It is also is much easier to produce a large mirror with no imperfections than a large lens. Lenses cannot be made larger than one metre in diameter or the shape would distort under its own weight. Compare the two ray diagrams of a parabolic mirror and a glass lens, it what way are they similar ? Give two advantages when using reflecting telescopes rather than using refracting telescopes ?
23. Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: The reflecting telescope designed by Isaac Newton has a large concave mirror to collect reflected light from a distant object like a planet in our solar system. The concave mirror also converges the light to a small plane mirror for the observers eye. The eye lens acts like a magnifying glass to increase the size of the virtual image. In all telescopes the mirror is made from silvered glass...explain why this has to be as smooth as possible ? Saturn or any other planet does not produce its own light...explain where the light comes from that we use to view these planets ? The moon (pictured below right) can be seen using binoculars...explain why you need a telescope to view the planets like Mars and Venus ? A reflecting telescope Key concepts P7.4 b
24. Key concepts P7.4 c Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Look at the pros and cons of using either a reflecting or refracting telescope, which one would you buy and why ? Which type of telescope is used to image the very distant corners of the Universe ? Refracting telescopes are simpler than reflecting telescopes, but they have an important limitation. Remember that the light passing through the glass lens gets bent. It turns out that different colours are bent different amounts, and that causes the light to become unfocused. Isaac Newton solved this problem by replacing the lenses with mirrors. Against using reflecting For using reflecting Where do you place the observer and the small plane mirror. These can interfere with the image Larger mirrors give brighter images and are cheaper to produce and colour are not distorted For using refracting Lenses can only be one metre in diameter and are expensive to produce and colours are distorted The observer does not interfere with the image pathway through the telescope Against using refracting Which telescope ?
25. Key concepts P7.4 d Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: The single most important specification for any astronomical telescope is its aperture. This term refers to the diameter of the telescope's main optical lens. A telescope's aperture relates directly to the two vital aspects of the scope's performance: its light-gathering power (which determines how bright objects viewed in the scope will appear), and its maximum resolving power (how much fine detail it can reveal). image image In the first telescope the magnifying power is worked out by dividing the diameter of the first and second lens....10/2 = 5 times. Work out the magnifying power of the second telescope Which telescope will produce the a) larger image and b) the brighter image of the object ? object object Understanding a telescope’s aperture
26. Key concepts P7.4 e Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Explain why resolution is important when looking at stars in the night sky ? Explain why reflecting telescope suffer less from poor resolution when compared to refraction telescopes ? The larger a telescope's aperture, the greater its ability to show two adjacent stars as separate, distinct images, rather than overlapping. Large aperture telescopes also gives a brighter image, because it allows more light in. The distortion affect as shown by the two telescopes above is greatest when the aperture is small. Which telescope ? large aperture small aperture clear image blurred dim image
27. P7.4 Plenary Lesson summary: mirror images lenses Reflecting Friday 21 October 2011 Reflecting telescopes have a number of other advantages over refractors. They are not subject to chromatic aberration because large blemish free mirrors are easier to produce when compared to larges lenses. Also, the telescope tube of a reflector is shorter than that of a refractor of the same diameter, which reduces the cost the telescope's manufacture. How Science Works: Research into how larger telescopes can be used to collect data from the far reaches of the Universe and look into how radio-telescopes are used to image distance nebulae and galaxies. Preparing for the next lesson: ___________ telescopes use a parabolic __________ to focus light gathered rather than a lens. Mirrors can be made much larger than __________ so a reflecting telescope can gather more light and produce better __________ of dim and distant objects in the universe. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: The smaller the aperture of a telescope, the better the image quality? False True 2: Refracting telescopes produce better images than reflecting telescopes? False True 1: A mirror that can focus light into a point is called a parabolic mirror?
28. P7.5 Radio telescopes Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand the engineering of large radio telescopes. Understand how data is collected form distant galaxies by radio telescopes. We will focus on. Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Draw a ray diagram to show what happens when parallel rays of light hit a parabolic mirror as is found in large diameter radio telescopes ? Literacy: Resolving power, wavelength, diffraction, parabolic mirror, objective, resolution, prism, plane mirror, focus, aperture, refracting telescope, reflecting telescope. Numeracy: Radio waves have a very long wavelength anywhere from1 mm to 30 metres so a very large parabolic reflector is needed. A radio telescope dish can be up to 80 metres in diameter ! PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers
29. Extension questions: 1: Radio telescopes often have very large diameters, up to 80 metres. Explain why the reflecting surface of a radio telescope does not need to made from glass ? 2: Explain why engineers have to design radio telescopes that will withstand high and low temperatures ? 3: Explain why a radio telescope’s base has to be heavy and stable ? 4: Put these telescopes in order of aperture size, light telescope, radio telescope, infra red telescope ? Know this: a: Know that engineers have to overcome many technological problems designing large diameter radio telescopes. b: Know that data is collected from distant galaxies by gathering radio waves Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: Radio telescopes are used to study naturally occurring radio emission from stars, galaxies, quasars, and other astronomical objects between wavelengths of about 10 meters and 1 millimetre. Radio telescopes all have two basic components: (one) a large radio antenna and (two) a sensitive radiometer or radio receiver. The sensitivity of a radio telescope--i.e., the ability to measure weak sources of radio emission form a distant galaxy--depends on the its area or size and the sensitivity of the radio receiver used to amplify and detect the signals. Radio telescopes are often very large because the galaxies are other that emit the radio waves they collect are very far away for Earth P7.5 Radio telescopes
30. P7.5 Radio telescopes Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand that a large aperture gives telescopes a higher resolving power . Understand to reduce diffraction and produce a sharp image the aperture size must be longer than the wavelength of the radiation gathered by the telescope. Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Draw a ray diagram to show what happens when parallel rays of light hit a parabolic mirror ? Literacy: Resolving power, wavelength, diffraction, parabolic mirror, objective, resolution, prism, plane mirror, focus, aperture, refracting telescope, reflecting telescope. Numeracy: Radio waves have a very long wavelength so a very large parabolic reflector is needed. A radio telescope dish can be up to 80 metres in diameter! PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers
31. Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Radio telescopes like those pictured opposite left constantly scan deep space for electromagnetic radio waves coming from distant stars and far away galaxies. SETI (search for extraterrestrial intelligence) has been funded to look for sign of intelligent life over the last 40 years. So far they have been unsuccessful ! Do you think we will find evidence of extraterrestrial life somewhere in our own galaxy ? Compare a typical refracting telescope made form two convex lenses and a radio telescope ? Explain why the diameter of the radio telescope's dish has to be a ) l;arge and b) engineer not to distort during daily or seasonal air temperature changes ? How radio telescopes work Key concepts P7.5 a
32. Key concepts P7.5 b Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Although it does look like much, because of the low resolution image formed by a radio telescope, TU24 could not have been tracked using a light telescope...why ? Why do scientists want to know the path of asteroids that pass close by to Earth ? In 2007, an asteroid numbered TU24 passed by close to Earth. The space rock, estimated to be about 250 meters across, coasted by just outside the orbit of Earth's Moon. Were TU24 to have struck land, it might have caused a magnitude seven earthquake and left a city-sized crater. Its journey near to the Moon was tracked by a radio telescope. Tracking TU24 using a radio telescope ? Asteroid TU24
33. Key concepts P7.5 c Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Look at the five different way that the crab nebula is imaged (optical, UV, infra red, X-ray and radio waves. Are there any similarities or differences in the images ? Which type of image shows the most detail of what’s going on inside the crab nebula and explain your answer ? The Crab Nebula's creation was witnessed in 1054 A.D. when Chinese astronomers recorded its appearance. Scientists now believe the Crab Nebula is the remains of a star which suffered a supernova explosion just months after the Chinese first observe the dying star. In the nebulous cloud of gases, the rotating neutron star, or pulsar, continues to generate strobe-like pulses that can be observed at radio, optical, and X-ray energies. Crab nebula optical Infra red radio waves UV X-ray
34. P7.5 Plenary Lesson summary: focus diameter metal galaxies Friday 21 October 2011 The most familiar type of radio telescope is the radio reflector consisting of a parabolic antenna--the so-called dish or filled-aperture telescope--which operates in the same manner as a television-satellite receiving antenna to focus the incoming radiation onto a small antenna referred to as the feed, a term that originated with antennas used for radar transmissions. How Science Works: Research into how to show light rays travelling through refracting and reflecting telescopes. Look into the laws of reflection and refraction Preparing for the next lesson: A radio telescope use a large _________ parabolic _____ dish to collect and ______ radio waves with wavelengths between 1 mm and 30 cm. This radio waves are emitted by and travel huge distances across the Universe form very distant ________. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: Radio telescopes do not have mirrors or lenses ? False True 2: A optical telescope has a smaller aperture than a radio telescope ? False True 1: Telescope with large apertures have higher resolving powers ?
35. P7.6 Ray diagrams Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand how to draw a ray diagram for light reflected from a parabolic mirror. Understand how to draw ray diagrams for light passing through a converging lens. Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: Think about refraction where light slows down as it passes through air to another medium like glass or water. Give three examples where you see refraction of light happening ? Numeracy: Light travels at 300,000 kms -1 through air but through glass it slows to 240,000 kms -1 . When its slows light bends towards the normal. When light leaves the lens to travel through air it speeds up again and bends back toward the normal . PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers Literacy: Reflector, diffraction, parabolic mirror, objective, resolving power, resolution, prism, plane mirror, focus, aperture, refracting telescope, reflecting telescope.
36. Extension questions: 1: Two converging lenses. Lens one has twice the focal length (cm) when compared to lens two. Which is the stronger lens ? 2: Explain why diverging lenses are not found in simple refracting telescopes ? 3: Draw two converging lenses and show how three light rays form a focal point. Lens one has a focal length of 3 cm and lens two has a focal length of 8 cm ? 4: How does a refracting telescope focus its image of a distant star ? Know this: a: Know how to draw a ray diagram from light reflected from a parabolic mirror. b: Know how to draw a ray diagram for light pass through converging lenses. Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: When light strikes a reflecting or refracting surface of a telescope from a distant star, the light can be regarded as parallel. In reflecting telescopes, the parallel rays of light are focused by a parabolic mirror. Each ray coming in observes the ‘law of reflection’ and as such the rays are focussed where they are collected by a mobile detector In refracting telescopes, the parallel light rays enter the lens from a distant star. An imaged is formed by both the objective and eyepiece. A weak lens is used for the objective and a strong lens is normally used for the eye piece lens. P7.6 Ray diagrams
37. Key concepts P7.6 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Ray diagrams for a reflecting telescope The parabolic mirror used in a reflecting telescope has many advantages over the glass lens, it can be made much larger so that it can gather more light and therefore produce better images of dim stars. It is also is much easier to produce a large mirror with no imperfections than a large lens. Lenses cannot be made larger than one metre in diameter or the shape would distort under its own weight. Give two uses for a curved parabolic mirror like the one found in reflecting telescopes ? When using a large diameter radio telescopes that use parabolic mirror explain why the detector that collects the parallel rays needs to be mobile ? object image
38. Key concepts P7.6 b Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Explain why the lenses need to be able to move in a reflecting telescope ? Which type of telescope is used to image the very distant corners of the Universe ? Ray diagrams for a refracting telescope A refracting telescope works by having two converging lenses of different powers set in line with each other. The lenses can be moved towards or away from each other to focus the image. The smaller lens is called the eyepiece and the larger lens is called the objective lens. The light gathering power of the telescope is given by D which is the diameter of the lens. principal axis object image Lenses can be moved
39. Key concepts P7.6 b Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Look at the above diagram and explain why the image formed is upside down or inverted ? Our eyes also use a converging lens to form an image on the retina’s surface. Explain why we do not see an inverted image ? Ray diagrams for a refracting telescope Explaining why the image of a galaxy is both smaller and upside down when using a refracting telescope is simple. If you look at the above ray diagram you can see that the objective lens gathers light form two sides of the galaxy (blue and yellow) and that when the image travels through the lens it becomes inverted and smaller. lens Distant galaxy image
40. P7.6 Plenary Lesson summary: distant star weak focused Friday 21 October 2011 All refracting telescopes use the same principles. The combination of an objective lens and some type of eyepiece is used to gather more light than the human eye could collect on its own, focus it, and present the viewer with a brighter, clearer, and magnified virtual image. How Science Works: Research into how our own atmosphere affects how we view the Milky Way and beyond form the Earth surface. Look into how night light pollution can also affect star gazing in big cities. Preparing for the next lesson: From distant _____ or galaxies, parallel lights rays enter the objective lens. The parallel rays are _________ by the objective lens, so a real image is formed. The objective lens is usually ______ to form a large image. The eyepiece lens magnifies the image so you can see the _______ object Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: The image formed by a refracting telescope is always inverted ? False True 2: Light rays from distant galaxies travel in parallel lines ? False True 1: The focal length of a converging lens is measured in metres ?
41. P7.7 Images of stars Decide whether the following statements are true or false: Lesson objectives: Understand the effects of the atmosphere on light from stars Understand the need to reduce light pollution in order to view the night sky Understand how digital image processing can improve images of stars We will focus on. Friday 21 October 2011 First activity: People often say that you have to wait about 10 minutes before you can see all the stars in the night sky, explain why ? Literacy: Atmosphere, orbit, telescopes, image , reflection, refraction, absorption, refraction, scintillation, light pollution, digital image processing Numeracy: To reduce light pollution city authorities in Rome, Italy every night switch off 170,000 of the cities street lights, in an effort to reduce light pollution by 40%. In the UK councils are also thinking of doing the same thing. PLTS Independent enquirers Creative thinkers Reflective learners We will focus on Team workers Effective participators Self managers
42. Extension questions: 1: What types of radiation does the Earth’s atmosphere absorb ? 2: What types of radiation passes through the Earth’s atmosphere ? 3: Why can the Hubble space telescope capture better images than a telescope on the Earth’s surface? 4: Look up at the nigh sky in London or any major city, why do you only see a very few stars of within the Milky Way ? 5: Explain why stars ‘twinkle’ when viewed from Earth ? Know this: a: Know how the atmosphere can affect the light emitted from stars and other distant objects. b: Know the effect of light pollution on viewing stars from Earth’s surface. Friday 21 October 2011 Introduction: In order to capture the best images of stars a telescope can be sent into orbit around the earth above the earths atmosphere. This is an advantage because the atmosphere absorbs and refracts some of the radiation given out by the stars, placing a telescope outside the atmosphere ensures that all of the radiation emitted reaches the telescope therfore giving a much clearer image. Stars appear to ‘twinkle’ in the night sky due to an effect called scintillation. As a ray of light from a star passes through the atmonsphere is is refracted in different directions by areas of the atmosphere that area different densities, this refraction of the light causes the ‘twinkling’ of the stars even though the light they emit is constant. P7.7 Images of stars
43. Key concepts P7.7 a Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Look at the map of Europe, showing levels of light pollution, which European countries are responsible for the highest levels of light pollution ? Explain why telescope place it geostationary orbit above the Earth’s surface are not affected by light pollution ? The ‘Campaign for Dark Skies’ is a campaign aimed at reducing light pollution from cities. Light pollution makes it difficult for astronomers to clearly view stars as the light from cities reflects up into the lower atmosphere where it is scattered and enters any nearby telescope, reducing the quality of the image and obscuring many stars in the Milky Way much like the Sun does during daytime. Look at Light pollution in the UK, explain why you may have to ravel to Africa away form the coast to see the true beauty of the Milky Way ? Light pollution
44. Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Look up at the night sky and you are looking through a very small part of our own galaxy. Although light pollution in cities hinders our view, in unpopulated countryside the Milky Way is awesome. Viewed at night you can see why it is named the Milky Way. A milky light crosses the sky, full of stars, all many hundreds of light years away. Our own galaxy stretches 100,000 light years across. Explain why large telescopes are built on high mountains far away from large cities...think of two reasons ? Explain why we only see a few stars that belong to the Milky Way from large cities like London ? Explain why NASA has spent billions of dollars putting the Hubble telescope high above our atmosphere in space ? Key concepts P7.7 b
45. Key concepts P7.7 c Look at the photograph and information and answer all the questions: Look at the map of the UK showing levels of light pollution, which UK cities or counties are responsible for the highest levels of light pollution ? Look at the World map, where would you build an observatory away form light pollution? Light pollution obscures the stars in the night sky for city dwellers. Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. Its sources includes lighting, advertising, offices, factories, streetlights, and illuminated sporting venues. It is most severe in highly industrialized, densely populated areas of North America, Europe, and Japan and in major cities in the Middle East and North Africa. Light pollution across the planet UK at night
46. P7.7 Plenary Lesson summary: colour refracting layering atmosphere Friday 21 October 2011 Light pollution is a broad term that refers to multiple problems, all of which are caused by inefficient, unappealing, or (arguably) unnecessary use of artificial light. Specific categories of light pollution include light trespass, over-illumination, glare, light clutter, and skyglow. A single offending light source often falls into more than one of these categories. How Science Works: Research into what we can see by using our own eyesight, for example the star constellations, the phases of the moon and sunset and sunrise. Preparing for the next lesson: Space telescopes capture better images because they are above the earth’s __________, avoiding the effects of the atmosphere absorbing or ________radiation. Digital image processing can improve the quality of images captured by adding effects such as false ________ or removing background ‘noise’ by ________ images. Decide whether the following statements are true or false : False True 3: Land telescopes produce better images than space telescopes ? False True 2: In remote areas telescopes are often placed to avid light pollution ? False True 1: In London you can see the Milky Way in all its glory ?