The document discusses the physical properties and physiological effects of hydrotherapy. It describes how water exhibits laminar and turbulent flow patterns affected by factors like drag. Immersion in water can impact cardiovascular functions like heart rate and blood pressure through mechanisms like the dive reflex. Hydrotherapy can also influence other body systems including respiratory, renal, neurological, and muscular systems. The mechanical effects of water like debridement are discussed. Benefits of aquatic therapy include improved balance, strength, flexibility and mobility. Therapeutic effects involve pain relief, relaxation, and range of motion. Clinical contraindications are also noted.
A technique which uses water as a therapeutic modality. This therapy is usually used by Physiotherapist for healing wound, edema drainage, improving balance and posture and decreasing pain.
Disasters are events that exceed a community's ability to cope using its own resources. They can be natural, man-made, or hybrid events. Risk is the likelihood of consequences from a hazard, and vulnerability is how susceptible a community is to damage. Disasters have stages from pre-impact preparation to long-term recovery. Effective disaster management includes mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts to reduce impacts. Triage is used during response to sort victims by priority to efficiently utilize resources and minimize complications.
This document discusses aquatic therapy and exercise. It outlines the goals of aquatic therapy which include facilitating range of motion, resistance training, weight bearing activities, and cardiovascular exercise. The properties of water such as buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, and viscosity are described. Various types of exercises that can be performed in the aquatic environment are presented, including stretching, strengthening, and aerobic conditioning exercises. Specific aquatic equipment and precautions/contraindications are also mentioned.
This document discusses balance, fall prevention, and balance assessment and training. It defines balance as control of the center of mass over the base of support. Age-related changes and diseases that impact balance components are reviewed. Valid tools to measure balance include the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, and Functional Reach test. Balance training exercises discussed include calf stretches, heel/toe raises, soft surface stance, and exercises using movable surfaces like Swiss balls and tilt boards. Both hard and soft surfaces are used to challenge static and dynamic balance.
The high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulator (HVPGS) delivers a high voltage, low amperage, short duration electrical current as a twin-peak monophasic waveform up to 300 volts to produce both mechanical muscle contractions and chemical changes in the body. It has been used clinically for over 45 years to treat various musculoskeletal conditions through analgesia, muscle stimulation, and wound healing. The high voltage allows for deep tissue penetration without risk of tissue damage due to its low total current. Typical treatments last 30-40 minutes, 3 times per day.
This document discusses electrical concepts such as static electricity, current electricity, and electric shock. It defines key terms like voltage, resistance, conductors, insulators, and defines Ohm's law. Safety precautions for electricity are covered, including proper earthing, the use of fuses, and dangers of short circuits. Measurement units like amps, volts and ohms are introduced. Causes and effects of electric shock are summarized.
The document provides information on the biophysical basics of electrotherapy. It defines electric current as the flow of electric charges from cathode to anode. The three main types of currents are direct current, alternating current, and pulsed current. It describes cathodal and anodal events that occur during current flow and discusses electrolysis, electrolytic dissociation, amplitude, voltage, resistance, waveform, phase, frequency, electrode placement and size. The objective is to explain the underlying biophysical principles of electrotherapy.
The document discusses several studies that analyzed biomechanics during stair climbing. SAMANTHA M. REID et al. (2007) found that alternate stair ambulation patterns like step-by-step lead-leg and trail-leg had higher knee loads than traditional step-over-step. M. Spanjaard et al. (2008) examined how increasing step-height and body mass influenced lower limb biomechanics during descent. Centro di Bioingegneria et al. (2002) investigated biomechanics at different stair inclinations. Additional studies analyzed kinematics of ascending and descending, differentiated patterns between young and older adults, and identified normal parameters in young individuals.
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident [CVA]) is the sudden loss of neurological function caused by an interruption of the blood flow to the brain.
Impairments may resolve spontaneously as brain swelling subsides (reversible ischemic neurological deficit), generally within 3 weeks.
Residual neurological impairments are those that persist
longer than 3 weeks and may lead to lasting disability
The Rebox device applies specific electric currents transcutaneously to treat pain, immobility, and musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. It works by restoring microcirculation, reducing inflammation, and improving blood and lymph flow. Treatment sessions last 5-10 minutes using different modes and electrode tips. Rebox is used for conditions like back pain, ankle sprains, and knee ligament injuries. Contraindications include open wounds, pregnancy, and use near pacemakers.
High voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS) is a form of electrical stimulation using very brief high voltage pulses to stimulate nerve and muscle fibers. HVPGS uses pairs of pulses lasting 0.1 milliseconds with peak currents of 2-2.5 amps applied at a frequency of 2-100 Hz. The brief pulses allow the current to pass easily through tissue. HVPGS is used to strengthen muscles, reduce pain, and aid wound healing by increasing blood flow and reducing edema. The document provides details on the parameters and generator of HVPGS and discusses its various applications.
This document discusses the importance of home exercise. It notes that home exercise can provide psychological benefits like reduced stress and improved self-efficacy. Physiologically, home exercise can improve flexibility, balance, and the ability to perform daily activities. It can also help modify risk factors like blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose, and weight. The document provides recommendations for aerobic and strength training exercises according to FITT principles and strategies for setting goals, selecting exercises, tracking progress, and rewarding oneself to support adherence to a home exercise routine.
Stretching is a therapeutic maneuver to increase flexibility by elongating shortened soft tissues. Several factors can contribute to hypomobility including immobilization, poor posture, and injury. Stretching protocols should involve proper alignment, stabilization, low intensity stretches held for 20-30 seconds repeated 3-5 times per week. Common stretching types include static, PNF, and ballistic stretching. Stretching is contraindicated for acute injuries, infections, or joint instability.
Stress and it's physiotherapy Management.pptxAvaniAkbari
Stress, often manifested as tension and strain, can have profound effects on both the mind and body. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in managing stress-related symptoms by addressing the physical manifestations of tension. Therapeutic techniques such as massage, stretching exercises, and relaxation training are employed to release muscular tension and promote overall relaxation. Physiotherapists also focus on breathing exercises and mindfulness techniques into physiotherapy sessions helps individuals develop coping mechanisms to better manage stress on a holistic level. By combining physical interventions with stress management strategies, physiotherapy contributes to the overall well-being of individuals experiencing stress, fostering a balanced and healthier lifestyle
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
The document provides information about therapeutic massage including definitions, history, types, relevant anatomy and physiology, effects, and application techniques. It defines massage as the scientific manipulation of soft tissues and outlines its uses in ancient civilizations. The types of massage discussed include Western, shiatsu, tui-na, and Ayurvedic massage. Key effects of massage include mechanical, circulatory, nervous system, musculoskeletal, and psychological benefits. Assessment techniques and specific manipulation methods like effleurage, petrissage, and stroking are also described.
This document provides an overview of low frequency currents used in electrotherapy. It discusses the history of electrotherapy including contributions from Galvani, Faraday, and others. It describes the main types of currents - direct current, alternating current, and pulsed current. Specific low frequency currents are explained such as faradic current, interrupted direct current, and TENS. The physiological effects and therapeutic indications of low frequency currents are outlined. Contraindications and precautions for electrotherapy are also reviewed.
The document discusses aquatic exercise and its benefits. Some key points:
- Aquatic exercise uses water to facilitate stretching, strengthening, and other therapeutic interventions while minimizing injury risk.
- It allows for weight-bearing activities and cardiovascular exercise while buoyancy reduces stress on joints.
- Various equipment like belts, vests, bars, gloves and boots can be used in the water to increase resistance.
- Water properties like temperature, viscosity and pressure impact exercise effects and safety precautions should be followed.
Hydrotherapy uses water to facilitate therapeutic exercises and rehabilitation. It has benefits for musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiopulmonary conditions. The buoyancy of water allows for movement and exercise with reduced weight bearing. Goals of hydrotherapy include improving range of motion, strengthening, balance, and cardiovascular fitness. Properties of water like viscosity, pressure, and temperature can be manipulated during exercises. Contraindications include infections and open wounds. Various equipment like belts, bars, and floats are used to assist with exercises in the water.
This presentation is complete about hydrotherapy and its role in medical care. How hydrotherapy helps patients to recover along with some precautions etc. Hydrotherapy has a lot of benefits, That why we prepare that presentation for those who are willing to learn about it. This presentation may helpful for you in your studies. I hope this will helps you a lot.
The document summarizes key points about exercise in heat and maintaining hydration:
1. Sweating is the primary way the body cools itself during exercise in heat, but excessive fluid loss through sweating can lead to dehydration and impair the body's ability to regulate temperature.
2. Maintaining adequate hydration through drinking enough water before, during, and after exercise is crucial to support cardiovascular function and prevent a dangerous rise in core temperature.
3. Glycerol supplementation before exercise may help enhance hydration and lower heart rate/core temperature under heat stress, but its benefits are still being researched.
Hydrotherapy for physical therapy (lecture)Shahab Shah
This Lecture is Specially designed for Physical therapy students and as well as for general public.
In which general properties of water, temperature and specific exercises are presented.
Hydrotherapy uses water, both internally and externally, for health purposes. It includes treatments like saunas, steam baths, and contrast therapy that use the physical properties of water like specific heat, thermal conductivity, buoyancy, resistance, and hydrostatic pressure. Physiologically, hydrotherapy can cleanse wounds, strengthen muscles, improve cardiovascular function, and induce relaxation. It is used for conditions like wound care, pain control, and edema management. Proper application of hydrotherapy involves evaluation, treatment selection, explanation to the patient, application of treatment, outcome assessment, and documentation. Different hydrotherapy treatments include water jets, underwater massage, mineral baths, whirlpools, and hot or cold baths
Aquatic exercise uses water properties like buoyancy and viscosity to facilitate therapeutic interventions. Buoyancy provides weightlessness and joint unloading while resistance to movement comes from hydrostatic pressure, viscosity, surface tension, and drag. Water temperatures between 26-35°C are best for exercises while cardiovascular training is optimal at 26-28°C. Contraindications include unstable medical conditions, infections, and inability to regulate fluids, while precautions involve neurological/respiratory disorders. Traditional pools are large group spaces while individual pools are smaller, self-contained units. Proper hygiene before and after sessions is important.
This document discusses hydrotherapy equipment and its uses. It describes how hydrotherapy uses water at different temperatures and in different ways to treat diseases. Some key pieces of equipment discussed are contrast baths for pain relief and edema reduction, whirlpool baths for mobilizing stiff joints and open wounds, and Hubbard tanks for underwater exercises for patients unable to stand. The document outlines the properties of water that make it useful for hydrotherapy like buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, and viscosity, as well as various indications and contraindications.
Recovery is important for athletes to gain maximum performance benefits from training. Appropriate recovery periods must be planned between training sessions to allow the body to recover from fatigue. Various recovery techniques can be used, including stretching, hydration, contrast baths, compression clothing, massage, and ensuring adequate sleep. The goal of recovery is to return the body and mind to a state of readiness to train at a high level again.
The document summarizes the physiological effects of hydrotherapy and clay therapy. It discusses how hydrotherapy uses water in different forms and temperatures to promote health and treat diseases. It covers the properties of water and how temperature, duration, application site, and other factors affect the physiological impacts. Key effects on the skin, respiratory system, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, and blood are outlined. The document provides references to studies that have examined various physiological impacts.
During exercise in the heat, the body undergoes several cardiovascular adjustments to maintain blood flow to active muscles and dissipate excess heat through the skin. Sweating increases greatly to cool the body, but prolonged sweating can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. The body attempts to compensate through increased antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone to retain water and sodium. Failure of thermoregulation can result in heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and the life-threatening heatstroke if core body temperature rises above 104°F. Measuring wet bulb globe temperature accounts for multiple environmental factors to assess heat stress risk. Proper precautions and acclimatization can help prevent dangerous hyperthermia during exercise in
This document discusses the unique properties of water and their physiological implications for therapeutic exercise. It outlines four key properties: buoyancy, which reduces joint loading; hydrostatic pressure, which assists venous return; viscosity, which creates resistance to movement; and surface tension, which increases the work required to move through the water's surface. Each property is defined and its clinical significance explained, such as how buoyancy allows for three-dimensional access and varied resistance levels based on depth, while viscosity and surface tension can be manipulated to strengthen muscles through varied resistances.
this ppt material is about physiotherapy techniques in animal, this is all about how we can aid our pets with physiotherapy treatment for their wealth.
1. Hyponatremia is defined as a plasma sodium concentration less than 135 mEq/L. It can be caused by an increase in circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and water intake.
2. Hyponatremia is classified based on volume status and can be hypovolemic, euvolemic, or hypervolemic. Common causes include diuretic use, vomiting, cirrhosis, and heart failure.
3. SIADH is a frequent cause of euvolemic hyponatremia and results in inappropriate water retention due to abnormal ADH secretion or action. Pseudo hyponatremia can occur due to errors in sodium measurement
Aquatic therapy provides benefits for rehabilitation by reducing joint stress while allowing for movement and exercise. It facilitates range of motion, strengthening, and cardiovascular fitness. Precautions are needed for certain medical conditions. Benefits include buoyancy support and resistance training opportunities. Proper facilities, equipment, and water properties like temperature must be considered. Exercises can be tailored for injuries like the spine or lower extremities, progressing from basic to advanced levels. Aquatic therapy complements but does not replace comprehensive land-based rehabilitation programs.
#Hydriatic prescription making, # Rules of therapy prescriptionShweta Mishra
This document discusses various factors involved in formulating prescriptions for treating disease according to hydrotherapy principles. It describes the natural defenses of the organism against disease, including the blood, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, and various glands. It then outlines different hydrotherapy procedures that can increase vital resistance, stimulate metabolic processes, combat bacteria, and regulate blood movement and heat production/elimination. The goal of hydrotherapy is to support the body's natural defenses and restore normal physiological functioning for treating disease.
The document discusses loss of body fluids and its consequences. It describes various causes of fluid loss including renal and non-renal causes. Major causes include hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, and burns. Consequences of fluid loss range from mild to severe based on the percentage of body weight lost, with severe fluid loss being potentially fatal. Management involves monitoring vitals, fluid replacement, medications like vasoactives or steroids, and treating any underlying causes.
The document discusses hydrotherapy or aquatic therapy for animals. It describes how exercising in water allows unloading of joints and earlier weight bearing. Some key benefits include increased muscle strength, improved range of motion, reduced pain, and better cardiovascular fitness. Various principles are covered such as buoyancy, viscosity, and hydrostatic pressure. Different equipment for aquatic therapy is also mentioned such as underwater treadmills and pools. Precautions include considering animals that fear water and not leaving animals unattended.
Hydrotherapy uses water and its properties to treat medical conditions. It has physiological effects like decreasing joint loading and increasing blood flow and range of motion. The principles of hydrotherapy include buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, viscosity, and surface tension. It has indications for conditions that could benefit from its effects, and contraindications for those where immersion could be dangerous. A variety of equipment and pool types can be used to provide different resistances and support for therapeutic exercises in water.
Similar to Hydrotherapy: physiological effects Lecture 1.pptx (20)
Yoga Nidra Retreat in Bangalore
Yoga Nidra Retreat in Bangalore
A restful night is key to a healthy lifestyle. The reason behind many health issues that most people have from the modern way of living is nothing but lack of proper sleep. Well, it’s not like they don’t want to sleep, lack of time, an after-effect of day-long stress, and long-term anxiety trigger sleeplessness and thus respective disorders as well.
As per the recent survey, the insomnia percentage in India is above 33%, and the people who are most likely to be impacted with sleep deprivation hover around 52%. These numbers are higher compared to other countries.
Are you one of those populations suffering from sleeplessness and health issues due to lack of proper sleep? If Yes, then you must know that Yoga is the only way to get out of your situation to ensure restful nights after daylong stress and busy working schedules throughout the week.
Besides, even scientific studies prove that frequent consumption of stress-relieving, depression, or sleeping pills is not at all good for health and the brain. In such a scenario, Yoga is the only effective and probably most reliable way to get your sleep on track. Karuna Yoga Vidya Peetham will be on your side as a reliable Weekend Yoga Nidra Retreat in Bangalore.
Yoga Nidra aims at activating the relaxation response and improving the nervous and endocrine system functioning to ensure peaceful nights and active working hours.
Benefits:
An emphasis on some of the more Eastern practices (like yoga nidra, including pranayama, kriyas, mantras).
A peaceful location – the perfect setting for a Yoga Nidra Retreat.
Deepen your yoga practice and take it to the next level.
Retreat Curriculum Details
Practice Relaxation & Preparation for Yogic Sleep
Introduction to the concept and practices of relaxation
Relaxation in daily life
Sequence of relaxation practices
Tension & relaxation exercises
Systematic relaxation exercises
Preparations for Yoga Nidra
Mantra chanting
Introduction to mantra science
Morning prayers & Evening prayers
Surya-namaskar 12 mantras along with bija mantras
Pranayama Practices
Establishment of diaphragmatic breath
Different practices of pranayama
Yoga Nidra philosophy, Lifestyle, & Yoga Ethics
What is Yoga Nidra?
Philosophy of Yoga Nidra
Yoga Ethics
What Makes This Retreat Special
The practice of Yoga Nidra has been secret and imparted to those few yogis who have mastered their sleep. In Indian Mythology, there occurs a unique concept of sleep. We often find even the trinity of the universe Lord Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva under the domination of sleep.
The course will explore the concept of Yoga Nidra details at theoretical and practical levels. This is designed to assist students of yoga to understand and experience the deeper layers of their personalities.
Type: Yoga Nidra Retreat
Date: 11th Sep 2021
Duration: 2 days
Location: Bangalore outskirt, India.
Food: Vegetarian
Accommodation
Shared Dormitory
Room
21. Alignment for Advanced Yoga Asana
The advance asanas that are taught during various asana classes throughout the duration of the teacher training are brought up for analytical discussions and practical sessions of methods to adjust advance postures with both verbal cues and hands-on adjustments. Learning revolves around demonstrations, observation and practicums by assisting the lead instructors during some advanced yoga classes. Students will demonstrate observe and assist lead instructors in adjusting in a basic yoga class.
Learning Objective
Be able to identify misalignments of advance postures. Be able to observe student’s capacity during adjustments. Be able to safely and gently adjust advance postures with verbal cues and with hands-on adjustments. To provide adjusting and assisting techniques of yoga asana class.
At Histroke, we specialize in automating 340B program management processes by leveraging the expertise of our subject matter specialists and collaborating with our technology and solution engineers. Our mission is clear: to build partnerships that fortify and protect the healthcare safety net. Through a combination of proprietary technology and shared perspective, we customize 340B programs to meet your unique needs. Our team is dedicated to simplifying operations for you and your partners, developing solutions to ensure compliant management and oversight of the complex 340B program. Our Product MetaBridge ensures 100% 340B audit success by offering program audits, prescription compliance, claims audit software, AI assistants, and analytics
Attitude and Readiness towards Artificial Intelligence and its Utilisation: A...ShravBanerjee
AI is a hot topic in recent days... We students of IPGME&R, Kolkata, India have done a study on Attitude, Readiness and Utilization of AI by medical students.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
Our study showed that:
1. Nearly half of the study participants showed a favorable attitude towards role of AI in healthcare
2. Around three-fifth of the participants could define basic concepts of data sciences and AI and were ready to choose AI based applications for healthcare; they were willing to accept AI usage despite feeling a lack of cognitive skills
3. Most of them used AI-based applications for studying (ChatGPT), however, some of them faced difficulties in using them
Thank you!
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30 – Hours Yogic Sukshma Vyayama Teacher Training Course
What is Sukshma Yoga?
Dhirendra Brahmachari formulated this system and wrote books to clearly formulate the ancient yogic science. This practice simple yet powerful series of specific exercises that improve health and enhance the strength of different organs and systems in the body, from top of head to toes.
Suksma means subtle prana, mind, and intellect: Vyayama means exercise. Suksma Vyayama is meant for the Subtle Body (Suksma Sarira), it is not meant for the Sthula Sarira (Gross Physical Body).
Need of Suksma Vyayama
In yoga, it is said that most pranic blockages start in our joints. Ayurveda says that ‘ama’ or the toxic and undigested waste material tends to settle in the empty spaces of our body, the joints. To remove these impurities we practice Suksma Vyayama, to release any such impurities in our subtle pranic body.
Three dimension of suksma Vyayama:
1.Breathing (slow or fast: Bhastrika/Bellows)
2.Point of concentration (mental concentration on Chakras)
3.Exercise (using Bandhas and Mudras)
Sukshma yoga purifies and recharges the body, mind, energy, and emotion. It prepares the well foundation for further means of Yoga practice. It includes Sukshma Vyayama (Subtle Exercise), and Vishram (Rest & Relaxation). It is itself complete package that fulfills the basic need of human being.
Sukshma Vyayama is one of the major parts for physical activity and the regulation of entire physiologies. Sukshma Vyayama is also known as a kind of warm up exercise or basic exercise or clinically anti-rheumatic group of exercise and also called body scan. The system of the physical and breathing exercise which help to sequentially work out all joints of a body, to warm it up. This system has a strong purifying effect on energy body of a human.
1.1. History of Sukshma Vyayama
We will observe visible Parampara of Sukshma Vyayama. Literal meaning of Parampara is the continuous chain of succession by Master to followers. In Parampara system, the knowledge is passed on without changes from generation to generation). Unfortunately because of the absence of enough information we are not able to find sources of this tradition.
System of Sukshma Vyayama knowledge which was unknown in the west before that was extended by one of outstanding yoga masters, Dhirendra Brahmachari (1925-1994). He received Initiation into Sukshma Vyayama techniques from Maharshi Kartikeya, the prophet and sacred great yogi who was his Master. In the preface to the book “Yogic Sukshma Vyayama” Dhirendra Brahmachari wrote about his precious Guru. Deep knowledge made him the unique expert of human characters, of their abilities and possibilities. From Maharshi Kartikeya, Dhirendra Brahmachari received a precept to spread knowledge about Sukshma Vyayama. The invaluable merit of Dhirendra Brahmachari is that he managed to accumulate knowledge in the convenient form, to make it open and understandable for the audience everywhere. The b
2. Physicalprosperitiesof hydrotherapy:
1.Hydromechanics:
Definition: Hydromechanics encompasses the physical properties
of fluid in motion.
Components of Flow Motion:
• - Laminar flow: Slow movement with parallel molecule motion.
• - Turbulent flow: Faster, non-parallel molecule movement.
• - Drag: Cumulative effects of turbulence and fluid viscosity on
an object in motion.
3. Clinical Significance of Drag:
• - Increased speed through water raises resistance to motion.
• - Moving water past the patient requires more effort to
maintain position.
• - Equipment (glove/paddle/boot) amplifies drag and
resistance during movement.
Clinical Tip - Increasing Resistance to Motion:
• - Use of hydro-boot or similar devices increases drag force on
the leg/foot, enhancing muscular force production during knee
extension.
•
4. Thermodynamics
Effect of Water Temperature:
• - Water temperature affects the body's performance in an aquatic
environment.
Specific Heat:
• - Specific heat is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of
substance by 1˚C.
• - Water retains heat 1000 times more than air.
Temperature Transfer:
• - Water conducts temperature 25 times faster than air.
• - Heat transfer increases with velocity, leading to faster body temperature
loss during movement in water.
5. PHYSIOLOGICALEFFECTSOF WATER
Hemodynamics:
o Local changes in circulation and systemic effects on
cardiac function are observed during hydrotherapy.
o Water temperature influences circulation, with warm
water causing vasodilation and cold water leading to
vasoconstriction.
6. PHYSIOLOGICALEFFECTSOF WATER
Temperature Effects:
o Warm water temperatures (about 95.9°F or 35.5°C)
result in vasodilation.
o Cold water temperatures (below 80.6°F or 27°C)
cause vasoconstriction.
7. PHYSIOLOGICALEFFECTSOF WATER
Cardiovascular Effects of Immersion:**
o Immersion of the entire body or only the face induces
the dive reflex, resulting in bradycardia, peripheral
vasoconstriction, and preferential blood shunting to
vital organs.
o Effects depend on water temperature, with warm or
hot water increasing heart rate and water at body
temperature having a neutral effect.
8. PHYSIOLOGICALEFFECTSOF WATER
Blood Pressure Impact:**
o Immersion in water can affect blood pressure.
o Enhanced venous return increases cardiac volume,
leading to higher right atrial pressure and increased
cardiac output, assuming normal cardiac pump
mechanics.
o The dive reflex may blunt the effect on blood
pressure, causing bradycardia.
9. PHYSIOLOGICALEFFECTSOF WATER
• Effects of Water on the Body Systems:
• 1. **Cardiovascular System:**
• - Sudden vasoconstriction, decreased heart rate, and
increased heart volume from venous return may not be
tolerated by those with cardiovascular deficits.
• - To minimize cardiovascular effects, enter water slowly,
wetting face and hands first, and avoid full-body
immersions in cold water.
• - Monitoring perceived exertion is preferred over heart
rate during water exercise.
10. PHYSIOLOGICALEFFECTSOF WATER
• 2. **Respiratory System:**
• - Immersion in water affects breathing by hydrostatic
pressure inhibiting lung expansion and increased circulation
in the chest cavity.
• - Maximal oxygen uptake is lower in water exercise,
leading to a 60% increase in total work of breathing at a
tidal volume of 1 liter.
11. PHYSIOLOGICALEFFECTSOF WATER
• 3. **Renal Function:**
• - Water immersion can affect renal function, leading to
increased urine output, sodium excretion, and potassium
excretion.
• - Effects are enhanced in cold water, and individuals
should empty their bladders before entering therapeutic
pools.
12. PHYSIOLOGICALEFFECTSOF WATER
• 4. **Neurological System:**
• - Water immersion effects on the neurological system
are temperature-dependent.
• - Warm water tends to be relaxing, while cold water
tends to be invigorating or stimulating, with the exact
mechanism requiring further study.
•
13. PHYSIOLOGICALEFFECTSOF WATER
• 5. **Muscular System:**
• - Immersion in water increases oxygen delivery to muscles and
removes metabolic waste products, likely due to reflex changes in blood
vessel tone and hydrostatic pressure.
• - Warm water can relax muscle spasms through increased blood
flow, and agitation, such as in a whirlpool bath, may break the
pain/spasm cycle.
• - Exercise in water, especially against turbulence, can increase
muscle strength, but there's no evidence that placing limbs in still water
strengthens muscles at rest.
• - Whirlpool agitation may be beneficial as preparation for an
exercise program, providing relaxation, stimulation, or analgesic effects.
14. MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF WATER
• **Primary Causes of Mechanical Effects:**
• The mechanical effects of water result from either the
agitation of water in a whirlpool or the application of a
high-force stream of water to the body.
•
• **Debridement of Necrotic Tissue:**
• The force of water can effectively debride loose necrotic
tissue in a wound, facilitating the removal of dead tissue.
15. MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF WATER
• **Cleansing Properties:**
• Water's force aids in cleansing wounds by removing dirt and
other contaminants from the affected area.
•
• **Caution with Whirlpools:**
• The use of whirlpools for wound debridement is no longer
recommended due to the softening effect of water on tissues.
•
• **Softening Effect Concerns:**
• The softening effect of water on tissues can potentially damage
new granulation tissue and lead to maceration of intact skin,
necessitating caution in its application for wound care.
16. Benefits of Aquatic Therapy
• Balance and coordination.
• Muscle strengthening.
• Function/mobility.
• Increasing flexibility.
17. Therapeutic Effects
Relieve pain and muscle spasm
To gain relaxation
To maintain or increase the range of joint movement
To re-educate paralyzed muscles
To strengthen weak muscles and to develop their power
and endurance.
To encourage walking and other functional and
recreational activities.
To improve balance and coordination
18. Therapeutic Effects
To improve circulation ( trophic condition of the skin )
To give the patient encouragement and confidence in
carrying out his exercises, thereby improving his morale.
The warmth of water blocks nociception by acting on
thermal receptors and mechanoreceptors, thus
influencing spinal segmental mechanisms.
Warm water stimulates blood flow positively, which leads
to muscle relaxation.
the hydrostatic effect may relieve pain by reducing
peripheral oedema and by dampening the sympathetic
nervous system activity.