This Lecture is Specially designed for Physical therapy students and as well as for general public.
In which general properties of water, temperature and specific exercises are presented.
Suspension therapy involves suspending parts of the body in the air using ropes, slings, and other equipment attached to fixed points above. This allows for increased range of motion, muscle strengthening, and other benefits by reducing friction and gravity's effects. There are different types of suspension including vertical, axial, and pendular suspension, each providing support or movement in different ways. Various materials like ropes, slings, cleats, and frames are used to safely suspend and move body parts for therapeutic goals like improved flexibility, circulation, and muscle properties.
Russian current is a medium-frequency current delivered in bursts at 2500 Hz. It produces strong muscle contractions through synchronous motor nerve depolarization. Key characteristics include a carrier frequency of 2500 Hz, burst frequency of 50 Hz, burst duration of 10 ms, and a 10/50/10 training protocol. Russian current is indicated for muscle strengthening, reducing muscle spasm and edema, such as following knee ligament injuries or surgery.
This document summarizes fluidotherapy, a dry heating modality. It transfers heat to the body through convection using a cabinet containing heated air and finely ground cellulose particles. This creates a fluid-like medium allowing limbs to float and exercises to be performed. Key effects include increased blood flow, pain relief and improved range of motion. It is used to treat distal extremities for conditions like pain, swelling and post-operative rehabilitation. Contraindications include fever, anesthesia or severe circulatory issues. Advantages include ease of use and allowing some active exercise in a comfortable, dry environment.
This document defines joint mobilization techniques and provides guidelines for their use. It describes mobilization as a manual therapy that uses passive joint movement to increase range of motion or decrease pain. Accessory joint movements like gliding and traction are explained. Precautions and contraindications for mobilization are outlined. A grading scale from I to V is presented to indicate the amplitude of oscillations used in different mobilization techniques.
This document discusses galvanic current and its use in stimulating denervated muscles. It defines galvanic current as a direct, unidirectional current that can cause pain due to its unidirectional nature. Interrupted galvanic current is introduced to overcome this by providing regular pauses in stimulation. Stimulating denervated muscles with galvanic current can help limit atrophy and edema until reinnervation occurs. Precautions must be taken when applying galvanic current due to potential dangers like burns or electric shock.
Functional re-education aims to retrain patients' movements and activities that they already know but cannot properly perform due to illness or injury. The goal is to increase independence through a tailored program of progressive exercises. Exercises may include rolling, sitting, kneeling, standing, and walking activities. Principles include thorough assessment, task-specific treatment, and avoiding discouragement to build confidence and independence over time.
The manual muscle testing procedure was described in this power point, indications, contraindications, limitations of MMT was included. the MMT grading system (scale) was explained well in this PPT.
The document discusses ultrasound therapy, including its introduction, production, physiological effects, application techniques, methods, indications, and contraindications. Specifically, it explains that ultrasound therapy involves using high-frequency sound waves to treat soft tissue injuries and conditions. It describes how piezoelectric crystals or transducers are used to produce the therapeutic ultrasound and discusses direct contact and indirect immersion and bladder application as methods of delivery. The document also lists common uses of ultrasound therapy such as for soft tissue injuries, sprains, and arthritis, as well as who should avoid it like those with cancer lesions or metal implants.
Introduction , Muscle and Postural tone,Aim,Types :General and Local Relaxation,Additional methods of relaxation :Consciousness of breathing,PRE,Contrast method, Reciprocal method,passive movement and pendular swinging.
This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), a type of electrical stimulation treatment. IFT involves applying two medium frequency currents to generate a low frequency interference current in the tissues for therapeutic effects. It provides pain relief and motor stimulation while avoiding skin irritation experienced with other currents. IFT is indicated for various painful conditions and edema and uses specific frequencies for different treatments, like 1-10Hz rhythmic mode for reducing swelling. Precautions include avoiding direct electrode contact and proper placement to ensure current passes through tissues as intended.
This document discusses different types of exercises used in physiotherapy, including free exercises, assisted exercises, assisted-resisted exercises, and resisted exercises. It defines each type and describes techniques, effects, and uses. Free exercises use only voluntary muscle action and can be localised or general. Assisted exercises involve a therapist providing support and assistance during a movement. Assisted-resisted exercises combine assistance and resistance. Resisted exercises use forces like weights or elastic bands to oppose muscle movement. The document also covers types of resistance like weights, pulleys, springs, and water. It describes progression of resistance exercises by increasing weight, leverage, speed, or duration. Finally, it discusses reflex movements and specific reflexes like the stretch reflex
This document discusses different types of voluntary movements used in physical therapy exercises. It classifies exercises as free, assisted, assisted-resisted, or resisted based on whether they involve gravity, external assistance, or resistance. Free exercises work against gravity alone and are used to improve relaxation, muscle tone, coordination, and confidence. They can help cure or rehabilitate patients, though some patients may be unable to perform them. The document outlines techniques for free exercises and their effects, including improved relaxation, joint mobility, muscle power, neuromuscular coordination, and confidence. It also describes circulatory and respiratory changes that occur with exercise like increased heart rate, blood flow, and respiration to meet tissue needs and regulate functions.
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
This document discusses whirlpool bath therapy. It describes how whirlpool baths combine water temperature and mechanical stimulation from jets of water or air to provide therapeutic benefits. Different types of whirlpool baths are used for specific body parts or full immersion. Benefits include pain relief, relaxation of muscles, improved circulation, and preparation for other treatments. Proper technique and monitoring for safety is important when using whirlpool baths.
The document discusses proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), a technique developed by Herman Kabat that uses movements and patterns to improve neuromuscular function. It defines key PNF terms and outlines principles such as motor development occurring from head to toe. The basic procedures are described, including manual contacts, stretch, and maximal resistance. Upper and lower extremity diagonal patterns are explained along with their component motions. Rhythmic initiation is also summarized.
The Faradic Galvanic (FG) test assesses lower motor neuron problems by stimulating muscles with different electric currents. A brief tetanic contraction indicates intact innervation, while a sluggish response suggests denervation. The test involves using faradic current to search for motor points and elicit fast contractions in innervated muscles. Galvanic current then produces slow contractions in denervated muscles. However, the FG test is inaccurate and unreliable, correctly interpreting muscle reactions in only 50% of cases.
Stretching is a therapeutic maneuver to increase flexibility by elongating shortened soft tissues. Several factors can contribute to hypomobility including immobilization, poor posture, and injury. Stretching protocols should involve proper alignment, stabilization, low intensity stretches held for 20-30 seconds repeated 3-5 times per week. Common stretching types include static, PNF, and ballistic stretching. Stretching is contraindicated for acute injuries, infections, or joint instability.
Cyclotherm is a device that circulates fluid through an applicator to heat or cool the skin surface and vary the temperature between 1-40°C at a rate of 13°C per minute. It can be programmed to apply preset temperatures for predetermined times for therapies like thermotherapy, cryotherapy, and thermal contrast therapy. Heat is used to increase circulation, metabolism, and inflammation/wound healing while decreasing pain and muscle spasm. Cold causes vasoconstriction, lowers metabolic rate, and provides pain relief. Therapies include using heat before stretching/mobilization and cold for acute injuries, pain relief, and reducing inflammation/spasm. Contraindications include vascular diseases and inability to sense
The document discusses goniometry, which is the measurement of joint angles using a goniometer. It outlines what goniometry is, the importance and types of goniometers, how to measure range of motion for various joints including the shoulder, wrist, hip and hand, and considerations for validity and reliability when performing goniometric measurements. Proper procedures and positioning for accurate goniometric assessment of different joints are described.
The document discusses Mitchell's relaxation technique, which uses diaphragmatic breathing and isotonic muscle contractions based on reciprocal inhibition. It can be used to treat respiratory, orthopedic, post-natal, and psychiatric conditions. The technique promotes relaxation and reduces muscle tension and pain perception. It is effective for pre-labor Braxton Hicks contractions and realigning stress-related postures by moving to a new position and increasing awareness of body position. Mitchell's relaxation technique can also help conditions involving a high tone pelvic floor like painful bladder syndrome.
Hydrotherapy uses water, both internally and externally, for health purposes. It includes treatments like saunas, steam baths, and contrast therapy that use the physical properties of water like specific heat, thermal conductivity, buoyancy, resistance, and hydrostatic pressure. Physiologically, hydrotherapy can cleanse wounds, strengthen muscles, improve cardiovascular function, and induce relaxation. It is used for conditions like wound care, pain control, and edema management. Proper application of hydrotherapy involves evaluation, treatment selection, explanation to the patient, application of treatment, outcome assessment, and documentation. Different hydrotherapy treatments include water jets, underwater massage, mineral baths, whirlpools, and hot or cold baths
This presentation is complete about hydrotherapy and its role in medical care. How hydrotherapy helps patients to recover along with some precautions etc. Hydrotherapy has a lot of benefits, That why we prepare that presentation for those who are willing to learn about it. This presentation may helpful for you in your studies. I hope this will helps you a lot.
Aquatic exercise uses water properties like buoyancy and viscosity to facilitate therapeutic interventions. Buoyancy provides weightlessness and joint unloading while resistance to movement comes from hydrostatic pressure, viscosity, surface tension, and drag. Water temperatures between 26-35°C are best for exercises while cardiovascular training is optimal at 26-28°C. Contraindications include unstable medical conditions, infections, and inability to regulate fluids, while precautions involve neurological/respiratory disorders. Traditional pools are large group spaces while individual pools are smaller, self-contained units. Proper hygiene before and after sessions is important.
This document discusses hydrotherapy, which uses water for pain relief and healing. It describes the properties of water including buoyancy, density, hydrostatic pressure, and viscosity. Hydrotherapy has physiological effects like increased circulation and decreased heart rate. Equipment like pools, belts, and bars are used. Hydrotherapy can be applied through full body immersion, parts immersion, or spraying. Forms include contrast baths, whirlpools, saunas, and steam baths. Hydrotherapy is indicated for rehabilitation, relaxation, and recovery. Precautions must be taken for certain medical conditions.
Hydrotherapy uses water to facilitate therapeutic exercises and rehabilitation. It has benefits for musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiopulmonary conditions. The buoyancy of water allows for movement and exercise with reduced weight bearing. Goals of hydrotherapy include improving range of motion, strengthening, balance, and cardiovascular fitness. Properties of water like viscosity, pressure, and temperature can be manipulated during exercises. Contraindications include infections and open wounds. Various equipment like belts, bars, and floats are used to assist with exercises in the water.
Hydrotherapy involves the application of water, internally or externally, to treat physical or psychological conditions. There are two main types: immersion, where the entire body is submerged, and non-immersion. Water has properties like buoyancy, viscosity and hydrostatic pressure that make it useful for wound care, pain relief, edema control and exercise. Proper assessment of each patient's needs and risks is required to safely apply hydrotherapy techniques like whirlpools, contrast baths or non-immersion devices.
Aquatic exercise involves exercising in water and utilizes properties of water like buoyancy and viscosity. It can benefit those with conditions like arthritis, obesity, and low back pain by reducing stress on joints while allowing freedom of movement. It is also effective for neurological issues like stroke and spinal cord injuries by facilitating mobility with buoyancy support. Key types of aquatic exercises include strengthening exercises, balance exercises, and gait training in water.
Hydrotherapy uses water and its properties to treat medical conditions. It has physiological effects like decreasing joint loading and increasing blood flow and range of motion. The principles of hydrotherapy include buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, viscosity, and surface tension. It has indications for conditions that could benefit from its effects, and contraindications for those where immersion could be dangerous. A variety of equipment and pool types can be used to provide different resistances and support for therapeutic exercises in water.
The document discusses the physical properties and physiological effects of hydrotherapy. It describes how water exhibits laminar and turbulent flow patterns affected by factors like drag. Immersion in water can impact cardiovascular functions like heart rate and blood pressure through mechanisms like the dive reflex. Hydrotherapy can also influence other body systems including respiratory, renal, neurological, and muscular systems. The mechanical effects of water like debridement are discussed. Benefits of aquatic therapy include improved balance, strength, flexibility and mobility. Therapeutic effects involve pain relief, relaxation, and range of motion. Clinical contraindications are also noted.
The document discusses the inflammation process and healing of injuries. It describes the three phases of healing: inflammation, initial repair, and regeneration. It then covers assessing vital signs like pulse, respiration, temperature, and range of motion measurements for different body parts. Therapeutic modalities, acute and chronic injuries, and the goals of physical rehabilitation are also summarized.
This presentation covers basics concepts and types of underwater exercise. these exercises can be utilized for normal or abnormal subjects with variety of diseases.
The document summarizes the physiological effects of hydrotherapy and clay therapy. It discusses how hydrotherapy uses water in different forms and temperatures to promote health and treat diseases. It covers the properties of water and how temperature, duration, application site, and other factors affect the physiological impacts. Key effects on the skin, respiratory system, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, and blood are outlined. The document provides references to studies that have examined various physiological impacts.
Contrast baths involve alternating immersion of an area in hot and cold water to increase blood flow and decrease joint stiffness. The alternating temperatures cause vasodilation and vasoconstriction, pumping blood and removing edema. This treatment alleviates pain, stiffness, and edema by improving circulation, increasing immune cells, and suppressing pain. Contrast baths are used for injuries like sprains and arthritis of the hands, wrists, feet, ankles, elbows, and knees. The procedure involves soaking in warm water for periods, then cold water for shorter periods, totaling around 25 minutes.
The document discusses aquatic exercise and its benefits. Some key points:
- Aquatic exercise uses water to facilitate stretching, strengthening, and other therapeutic interventions while minimizing injury risk.
- It allows for weight-bearing activities and cardiovascular exercise while buoyancy reduces stress on joints.
- Various equipment like belts, vests, bars, gloves and boots can be used in the water to increase resistance.
- Water properties like temperature, viscosity and pressure impact exercise effects and safety precautions should be followed.
The document discusses various aspects of physiotherapy, including its history, definition, aims, principles, categories, and methods. Physiotherapy originated in ancient times but was established as a modern science in the 19th century due to injuries sustained in World War 2. It aims to restore function and mobility through physical means without the use of drugs, using methods like heat therapy, massage, hydrotherapy, exercise and electricity.
This document provides an overview of physiotherapy and rehabilitation. It discusses various physiotherapy techniques including electrotherapy like shortwave diathermy, ultrasound, TENS; cryotherapy; exercise therapy techniques like active exercises, PNF, and hydrotherapy. It also covers the role of physiotherapists in assessing, managing, and treating medical conditions to relieve pain and improve mobility. The principles and stages of rehabilitation including medical, psychological, and social rehabilitation are outlined. The overall goal of physiotherapy and rehabilitation is to restore optimal health and functioning.
Greek physician Hippocrates documented hydrotherapy in the 5th century BC. It was known as the "water cure" and was practiced in ancient civilizations. In the 10th century, a monk recognized its therapeutic benefits. Hydrotherapy uses water in various forms and temperatures to treat diseases. It works through thermal, mechanical, and chemical effects on the body. Common hydrotherapy methods include baths, compresses, wraps and water applications like showers. It aims to improve circulation, detoxification, relaxation and pain relief.
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Contrast bath therapy is a series of brief, repeated immersions in water, alternating between warm and cold temperatures. Research supports the use of contrast hydrotherapy to lessen muscle fatigue and to decrease pain, swelling, and lactic acid buildup following intense exercise.
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a. Define clear objectives
b. State the inclusion and exclusion criteria of case
c. Determine the sample size, place and period of study
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Subject variation: First, there may be bias on the part of the participants, who may subjectively feel better or report improvement if they knew they were receiving a new form of treatment.
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3. INTRODUCTION:
Hydrotherapy is a method of treating disease
by using water at different temperatures and
in different ways.
Any activity performed in water to assist in
rehabilitation and recovery from hard training
or serious injury.
It is a part of medicine, Specially in
physiotherapy, that involves the use of water
for pain relief and treatment.
4. The term (Hydrotherapy)encompasses a
broad range of approaches and therapeutic
methods that take advantage of the physical
properties of water, such as temperature and
pressure, for therapeutic purposes, to
stimulate blood circulation and treat the
symptoms of certain diseases.
5. Hydrotherapy is the union between water and
physical therapy. It is being used widely
throughout the world as a form of physical
therapy.
By working in a hydrotherapy department of a
physical therapy clinic, one may see how
patients use hydrotherapy for treating their
conditions.
6. Patients are instructed through a specific
program designed to help their physical
conditions.
Hydrotherapy is a great way to exercise the
body.
7. Facilitate range of motion (ROM) exercise
Initiate resistance training
Facilitate weight-bearing activities
Enhance delivery of manual techniques
Provide three-dimensional access to the patient
Facilitate cardiovascular exercise
Initiate functional activity replication
Minimize risk of injury or re-injury during
rehabilitation
Enhance patient relaxation
8. The four most important properties of water
from a treatment point are:
1. Water is non-irritating, non-allergic, and
totally compatible with human physiology
both inside and outside of the body.
2. Water is a good heat conductor and at the
same time greatly heat storing in capacity so
that it is the ideal agent for manipulating
body temperature.
9. 3.Water is totally conformable to the body
surfaces. This means that it makes an
intimate interface with whatever it comes in
contact, which greatly facilitates its ability to
affect the temperature the object it contacts.
4.Water is inexpensive in spite of all its
marvelous properties.
10. In common with other forms of matter, water
has certain physical properties which include
weight, density, buoyancy, Hydrostatic
pressure, and surface tension.
The most important physical laws of water
that physiotherapist should understand and
apply when giving hydrotherapy, are buoyancy
and hydrostatic pressure.
11. Buoyancy is the force experienced as an up
thrust which acts in the opposite direction to
the force of gravity.
A body in water is therefore subjected to two
opposing forces.
13. When the weight of the floating body equals
the weight of the liquid displaced, and the
centers of buoyancy and gravity are in the
same vertical line, the body is kept in stable
equilibrium.
If the centers are not in the same vertical line
the two forces acting on the body will cause it
to roll over until it reaches a position of
stable equilibrium.
15. Decrease stress and compression to body
tissues (weight-bearing surfaces)
Assist weak muscles.
16. Pressure exerted by fluid on body immersed
in fluid.
Pascal’s Law
A fluid exerts equal pressure on all surfaces
of a body at rest, at a given depth…
This pressure increases in proportion to
depth of fluid.
18. Water can have similar effect as compression
bandages.
Helpful in decreasing edema
Greatest effects of hydrostatic pressure occur
in vertical position.
NO hydrostatic pressure effects with non-
immersion hydrotherapy.
19. CLEANSING EFFECTS:
Water can be used as a cleanser.
Water is most commonly used as cleansing
agent for skin.
Hydrating effects and friction of water used
to soften and remove the Debris.
Water is used clinically both as wound
exudate or necrotic tissue, and as a cleanser
to remove exogenous waste.
20. MUSCULOSKELETAL EFFECTS:
The Buoyancy of water unload the weight-
bearing of anatomical structures and allow
patients to perform exercise with less trauma and
pain.
Buoyancy effect can help patients with;
Decrease weight bearing (Arthritis)
Increase blood flow to muscles
Muscle Strengthening
Ligamentous instability
And other degenerative or traumatic conditions.
21. CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS:
The Cardiovascular benefits of hydrotherapy
are primarily due to the effects of hydrostatic
Pressure.
Increased Venous circulation
Increase Cardiac Volume
Increase Cardiac Output.
22. RESPIRATORY EFFECTS:
Immersion of the whole body in water
increases the Work of Breathing.
Hydrostatic Pressure on the chest wall
increases the resistance to lungs expansion.
Water based exercise is also often
recommended for patients with EXERCISE-
INDUCED ASTHMA because it appears that
High Humidity of the air inspired during
water exercise, which prevents drying and/or
cooling of the Respiratory mucosa.
23. RENAL EFFECTS:
Increase Sodium and Potassium excretion
Increase Urine Production
May be used to treat the patient with
hypertension and peripheral edema.
24. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS:
Water immersion can be invigorating and/or
Relaxing.
The Variation in the Psychological effects
depends primarily on the temperature of water
25. SUPERFICIAL HEATING AND COOLING:
Warm or cold water can be used clinically to
heat or cool the superficial tissues
Advantages
Even contact with skin
Does not need to be fastened
Allows movement of heat/cold
Disadvantages
Extremity often in dependent position
26. WOUND CARE:
Cleansing properties facilitate
Rehydration
Softening and debridement of necrotic tissue
Removal of wound debris
Hydrostatic pressure and heat increase
circulation
Provides moist environment to optimize
healing
27. PAIN CONTROL:
Increased sensory stimulation to peripheral
mechanoreceptors
Cold water decreases inflammation
Decreases weight-bearing, increases “ease of
movement”.
28. EDEMA CONTROL:
Water immersion has shown to reduce
peripheral edema.
This effect is due to Hydrostatic pressure
Contrast Baths are frequently used to control
edema
29. Miscellaneous conditions;
a. Control of Pain & swelling – Cold whirlpools
b. Acute Sprains & strains - Cold whirlpools
c. Facilitate motion & ex’s for Sub acute & chronic stages of
sprains & strains - Warm whirlpools
d. Facilitation of stretching of contracture (simultaneous or
immediate pre application of Warm whirlpools)
e. Postsurgical repair of joints (after post surgical wounds are
healed fully – to help soften scar tissue, ↓ pain & promote
restoration of motion )
30. f. Healing fractures of bones – after clinical union has been achieved.
g. Assist in ↑ of mobility – thermal & buoyancy of warm whirlpools
h. OA & RA – Buoyancy effects of warm whirlpools – off loading of the
affected joints – leading to decrease in pain & ↑ in mobility.
i. Help to ↓ post operative peripheral edema – Hydrostatic pressure.
j. Psychological effect – Relaxation & ↓ of anxiety
k. Wound care – Mechanical debriding by removing necrotic material &
cleansing.
31. CONTRAINDICATION (LOCAL IMMERSION):
Maceration
Increased maceration,
increased size of wound
Bleeding
In or near the area
(Maceration is defined as the softening and breaking
down of skin resulting from prolonged exposure to
moisture).
32. CONTRAINDICATION (FULL BODY IMMERSION):
Cardiac instability
Uncontrolled hypertension or heart failure
Infectious conditions that spread with water
like UTI’s, plantar warts, tinea pedis (pool)
Severe epilepsy
Increased risk of drowning
Suicidal patients
Increased risk of drowning
33. Acute inflammatory conditions - ↑ intravascular pressure -
↑ in oedema.
Hyperpyrexia - ↑ tissue temperature
Malignancies – Spreading - ↑ blood flow
Active bleeding – Prolonging arterial blood flow
Cardiac dysfunction – Not able to adapt to thermal homeostasis
Respiratory dysfunction – Not able to resist hydrostatic
pressure, tolerate heat or both
34. ↓ thermal sensation – Inability to sense too much heat / cold
PVD – Not able to meet ↑ metabolic demand
X-ray therapy – Not able to meet ↑ metabolic demand
Venous ulcers – May promote venous congestion
Surface infections – Cross contamination
Uncontrolled bowels – Contaminate water
Dermatological conditions(Atopic eczema) – Exacerbate
Severe epilepsy – Risk of drowning (Full body immersion)
35. PRECAUTION (LOCAL IMMERSION):
Impaired thermal sensation
Check temperature of water with thermometer
first
Infection
Universal Precautions
Clean WP
Confusion, impaired cognition
Use constant, direct supervision
Temperature of water near body temperature
Recent Skin Grafts
Neutral or mild warmth (96 - 98 F)
36. PRECAUTION (FULL BODY IMMERSION):
Confusion, Disorientation
Keep head above water
Constant supervision
Low temperature
Patients with limited strength, endurance, balance, ROM
Hands-on approach required
Patients on medications
Physician clearance sometimes required
Patients with fear of water
Patients with respiratory problems
Watch for signs of respiratory distress, especially in hot
or very warm water
37. Impaired thermal sensation in area to be immersed – Burns
Infection in area to be treated – Need additional infection control
measures
Impaired cognition – Not able to report problems or discomfort
Recent skin grafts – May not able to tolerate agitation or not able to
compensate for extreme of heat or cold
After ingestion of alcohol– Impaired judgment – risk of drowning.
Limited strength, endurance, balance or ROM (full body immersion) –
Safety hazard – risk of drowning
Medications – May alter CVS
38. Urinary incontinence (full body immersion) – Risk of UTI
Fear of water (full body immersion) – May refuse to participate
Respiratory problems – ↑ respiratory distress
Multiple sclerosis (full body immersion) – ↑ fatigue & weakness
Poor thermal regulation (full body immersion) – Risk of
thermal shock
Previously existing edema (full body immersion) – ↑ edema
Sea sickness – Cause anxiety
39. GENERAL RULES OF APPLICATION:
Assess problem and set goals of treatment
Determine if most appropriate treatment
Make sure no contraindications
Select appropriate form of hydrotherapy
Whirlpool
Hubbard Tank
Contrast bath
Non-immersion device
Pool
Explain the procedure, purpose, sensations
Apply appropriate form of hydrotherapy
Assess outcome
Document
40. SELECTION OF HYDROTHERAPY MEANS:
Select the appropriate form of hydrotherapy
according to the
condition to be treated
desired treatment effects
Size of area to be treated
Allowance for safety,
control of infection
Cost-effectiveness
43. These are stainless steel tanks of various sizes.
It has an attached motor called – TURBINE.
The turbine – AGITATES the water in the tank to
create the whirlpool effect.
These WP are intended to used as single-patient
treatments & must be drained & cleaned after
each use.
44. Agitator/ Turbine ejector/ Aerator
Hot and cold water mixing valve
Temperature gauge
Gravity drain
Seat / Chair
46. stimulation of circulation
promotion of muscle relaxation
and pain relief
debridement
facilitation of exercise
47. It is designed for ease of transfer in & out of
the tank by virtue of low walls & length.
Patients in a low boy are usually in a long
sitting position.
49. It’s also referred as “HIP” tanks.
It requires a chair or lift to transfer the patient in
& out of the tank.
Patients in a high boy tank usually sit on a
removable seat attached to rungs on the side of
the tank or may sit on a chair outside the tank
with their lower extremity dangling in the tank.
51. The WP tank is smaller in size, designed
especially to treat distal extremities.
(Ankle/foot/hand)
It is often portable with attached wheels
for ease of movement.
53. These are large whirlpools designed for full body
(Head out) immersion & for patients who are
unable to stand.
Mainly designed for under water ex’s.
The wide top & bottom & narrow middle allow
room for ex’s for the extremities & PT access to
the patient for assistance with ex’s.
Pt’s are typically lowered into tank on a stretcher
by an over head hydraulic hoist.
It is equipped with 2 turbines, that can be moved
around the perimeter of the tank to direct &
control the agitation pattern.
55. Walk trough
Adjustable seat
Motorized chair lift
Hydro stretcher with hydraulic lift
56. Pressured water
irrigation system:
It is mainly used for wounds,
where it is impossible or not
required to immerse the body
part treated.
• It should range between 4 to
15 pounds /square inch (psi).
• Used to treat one patient at a
time.
• Reusable.
57. WP is recommended for
◦ Delayed primary wound – Wounds that are
surgically closed after 5 days.
◦ Secondary intention – Wounds are allowed to close
by granulation, marginal or budding
epithelialization & wound margin contracture.
58. WP application – facilitates;
◦ Cleansing
◦ Softening and debridement of necrotic tissue
◦ Removal of wound debris
◦ Antibacterial action
◦ Circulation enhancement
The WP could be carried out until the wound closes.
59. 1. THE RELIEF OF PAIN & MUSCLE SPASM
2. MAINTANANCE OR INCREASE IN RANGE OF
MOTION OF JOINTS
3. THE STRENGTHENING OF WEAK MUSCLES & AN
INCREASE IN THEIR TOLERANCE TO EXERCISE
4. THE RE-EDUCATION PARALYSED MUSCLES
5. THE IMPROVEMENT OF CIRCULATION
60. 6. THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES
7. THE MAINTANANCE & IMPROVEMENT OF BALANCE,
CO-ORDINATION & POSTURE
8. WOUND HEALING IS ENHANCED
9. SEDATIVE EFFECT & RELAXATION
10. FACILITATES CARDIOVASCULAR EXERCISES
11. FACILITATES THE WEIGHBEARING ACTIVITIES
61. Assess problem and set goals of treatment
Determine if most appropriate treatment
Make sure no contraindications
Select appropriate form of hydrotherapy
◦ Whirlpool
◦ Hubbard Tank
◦ Contrast bath
◦ Non-immersion device
◦ Pool
Explain the procedure, purpose, sensations
Apply appropriate form of hydrotherapy
Assess outcome
Document
62. Base decision on
◦ Desired effects
◦ Size of area to be treated
◦ Allowance for safety, control of infection
◦ Cost-effectiveness
63. Cold (32-790 F)
Acute inflammation
Tepid (79-920 F)
Exercise
Acute inflammation if cold not tolerated
Neutral warmth (92-960 F)
Open wound
Medically compromised patients
Decrease tone
64. Mild warmth (96-980)
◦ Increase mobility
◦ Burn
Hot (99-1040)
◦ Pain,
◦ Increase ROM
◦ Increase soft tissue extensibility
Very Hot (104-1100)
◦ Limited body area
◦ Chronic conditions
DO NOT use WP at temperatures > 1100 F !!
65. Prevention of falls
Precautions for prevention of
drowning
Electrical safety
66. 20 min when strictly used as a heating modality
– skin muscle & joint temperature.
5 – 20 min when used for debridement –
depending on amount of necrotic tissue.
10 – 20 min for ex’s – depending on pt’s medical
status.
67. High boy tank:- it requires the pt’s to flex their hip &
knee & limits the amount of ROM ex’s. But its depth
allows a greater body surface area to be submerged
safely & comfortably to as high as the mid thorax
region.
Low boy tank:- Not deep but allows the pt’s to fully
extend their lower extremity & perform full ROM ex’s.
Extremity tank:- When only distal portion of the lower
extremity has to be immersed, then extremity tank with
use of chair will be appropriate.
68. The patient should be seated comfortably next to
the extremity tank, with a towel or other form of
padding on the tank edge to avoid compression
of axillary area.
69. E.g.
1. Pt’s with arthritis & is unable to negotiate
transfers.
2. Pt’s with neurologically involved – paralysis,
who can actively move the limbs in water with
the help of water & unable to do the same in air.
3. A burn pt,
4. An elderly patient with an open wound.
70. Pt’s skin thermal sensory discrimination testing
Skin status
Health & mental status
Hydro equipment
Accessories
Water temperature
Water Additives (When applicable) – Name &
concentration of solution.
Body part treated
Treating method – non immersion or immersion
If immersion – level – partial or full
If immersion - Duration