#Hydriatic prescription making, # Rules of therapy prescription
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This document discusses various factors involved in formulating prescriptions for treating disease according to hydrotherapy principles. It describes the natural defenses of the organism against disease, including the blood, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, and various glands. It then outlines different hydrotherapy procedures that can increase vital resistance, stimulate metabolic processes, combat bacteria, and regulate blood movement and heat production/elimination. The goal of hydrotherapy is to support the body's natural defenses and restore normal physiological functioning for treating disease.
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#Hydriatic prescription making, # Rules of therapy prescription
- 1. HYDRIATIC PRESCRIPTIONMAKING Dr. Shweta Mishra drshwetabnys@gmail.com
- 2. FACTORS OF FORMULATING A RATIONAL PRESCRIPTION 1. Vital resistance- The faculty that body possess of maintaining a physiological equilibrium of resisting encroachment of microbes, resisting the disharmony, morbid state, perturbed vital activity. 2. Clear concept of nature of disease 3. Correct searching of therapeutic indications.
- 3. REQUIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASE 1. Removal of cause. 2. Stimulate and regulate the normal physiological activities
- 4. NATURAL DEFENCES OF THE ORGANISM • Natural methods by which the body resists disease are: Blood Spleen Lymphglands Cells lining the nasal cavity and the alimentary canal Skin Destruction of poisons by liver Destruction of poisons by Thyroid gland Destruction of poisons by suprarenal gland Alkalinity of blood Kidney Opsonins
- 5. Blood- “The blood is the life.” • If the blood supply is cut off from a limb, & even though no injury is done , death will speedily occur. • Blood is source of life & a great healing agent. • Blood carries oxygen to each and every part where life is to be sustained and burns accumulated poisons (or the poisons are carried away by the serum). • Thus through the control of the general blood movement and of local blood supply, hydrotherapy is capable of influencing almost every morbid process. • Phagocytosis is one of the most remarkable & useful method by which body defends itself against morbid processes/ disease producing microbes.
- 6. Spleen • Spleen possesses the power of attenuating parasitic organisms. Lymph glands • On encroachment of microbes lymph-glands hoard a successful battle; which gives rise to rapid enlargement of lymphatic glands in the vicinity of an infected part. • (After the removal of spleen same structural enlargement and increase of activity occurs.) Cells lining the nasal cavity and the alimentary canal • Protect the body from disease by destroying microbes of many sort. Skin • Skin plays an important part in defending the body by opposing the entrance of germs, & by maintaining various reflex activities whereby internal activities are maintained. • Act as a non-conductor and regulate the body temperature.
- 7. Destruction of poisons by liver • Liver purifies the blood by removing the alkaline wastes, & forming urea from uric acid & other toxic bodies. • Destruction of poisons by liver Destruction of poisons by Thyroid Gland • Thyroid and other glands not only destroy poisons, but act as general regulators of nutrition through the internal secretions formed. The secretions produce physiological effects, as vasodilatation & stimulation of spinal cord. Destruction of poisons by suprarenal gland and other gland ( liver, suprarenal gland etc , is most important and admirable method of automatic , defence ; which is of highest value in health & disease, in acute infections viz: fever it is indespensable to the saving of life. Alkalinity of blood • Alkalinity of blood plays important part in the defence of organism, both in health & disease. • Lowering of alkalinity of blood diminishes the activity of the leucocytes, lessens the energy of the normal reflexes, diminishes the promptness & energy of those manifold reactions upon which so many of the life processes depend. • Alkalinity is lowered in various diseases, especially in fever, in rheumatism, gout, diabetes & in many cases of indigestion. • This lowering of alkalinity is always accompanied by lowered vital resistance.
- 8. Kidney • Kidney aid in the defence by eliminating poisons; especially those resulting from oxidation of proteids. Opsonins • Opsonins are certain substances present in blood which help in phagocytosis along with leucocytes. • Opsonins act as exciting agent • The microbes should absorb these opsonins in order to enable the phagocytes to capture them. • Each species of bacteria has its own opsonins. • In experiment Wright has shown that short cold bath raise the index of opsonins, thus raising vital resistance.
- 9. PROCEDURE FOR INCREASING VITAL RESISTANCE • Energy and activity of the cell must be increased by application of cold water to cutaneous surface. Eg: Brand bath in case of Typhoid and other infectious disease. Wet sheet pack, wet girdle pack, chest pack, rubbing sitz bath, alternate sponging of the spine, alternate spinal compress, cold water drinking, small cold enema. • As a preparation for the cold procedure, a short hot application must be applied • The hot should be very brief & cold must be sufficiently prolonged to produce dominant effect. Cold is a primary depressant hence cold application must be brief and promptly followed by reaction. • The lower the temperature, short duration, more highly tonic the effect of application.
- 10. • Eg. Every chronic case requires cold application twice a day. • Fever- cold application such as cold towel rub to be applied every three or four hours/ cooling wet sheet pack/ brand bath.
- 11. PRINCIPLE WAYS IN WHICH THE BODY RESISTS ENCROACHMENT OF DISEASE:a) Destruction of toxins: All the procedures that encourage vital resistance, at the same time encourage the destruction of toxins by stimulating the toxin destroying cells of thyroid gland, liver, spleen, lymphatics and other tissues. The efficiency of these organs is increased by the increased rate of blood movement which follows tonic cold application. Eg: hepatic douche, splenic douche (increase activity of two largest glands) general cold douche- powerfully stimulates all the bodily activities by which destruction of toxins is promoted. b) Elimination of toxins: (resulting from bacterial action or perverted metabolic processes) kidney, liver, bowels are the most important outlets for toxic substances.( liver disposes alkaline waste, kidney remove urea, uric acid & other products of deficient oxidation, various poisons find their way through intestines). Eliminative baths, electric –light bath, sweating wetsheet pack, vapour bath.
- 12. c) Destruction and elimination of bacteria: • By increasing the alkalinity of the blood, & especially by • increasing leucocytosis (it may be increased by regulation of local blood movement & volume, by general cold bath, frequently renewed heating compress, alternate compress, scotch douche, alternate douche) & • Increasing activity of lymphatic glands. Eg: management of pneumonia, typhoid fever • Elimination of bacteria by skin & kidney is encouraged by sweating baths, copious water drinking, vapour bath, sweating pack, prolonged neutral bath followed by cold towel rub/ cold procedure.
- 13. PROCEDURE WHICH INCREASE OXIDATION• Cold bath increases absorption of oxygen and elimination of CO2. • Cold should be extensive to lower body temperature sufficiently (a few tenth of a degree); in order to develop reaction necessary to increase heat production & consequently consumption of the carbonaceous elements. • Eg: prolonged bath like dripping sheet, rubbing shallow, cold immersion, plunge & cooling pack are most effective measures for stimulating oxidation of fat & carbohydrates. • Hot baths to elevate the body temperature increases the oxidation of proteid substances. • Thus; Oxidation of carbon (burning up of sugar or fat or the oxidation of nitrogen, perfect combustion and elimination, through conversion into urea of uric acid, creatinin, creatin & other proteid waste) may be affected at will. • Hot immersion bath, heating pack, dry pack, vapour, hot-air, turkish bath, sun bath, electric light bath are most efficient means of stimulating nitrogen oxidation. • These measures increase the body temperature to few tenth degree or even 3- 4 degrees according to duration of bath • NOTE: To counteract the depressing effect of hot & to restore the tone of skin the hot baths shouls be followed by a very short general cold application.
- 14. PROCEDURE WHICH EXITE CENTRAL GANGLIA Therapeutic procedures- • Very hot, very cold or alternate hot & Cold applications • Alternate general douche • Percussion or alternate spinal douche • Alternate spinal sponging • Alternate spinal compresses • Alternate immersion • All various forms of cold , alternate, hot & cold localized compresses Indication- (condition where general or local excitation of central ganglia is indicated) • Adynamic fevers • Neurasthenic states • Cardiac failure • Hypopepsia • Renal insufficiency • Visceral congestion
- 15. MEASURES WHICH ENCOURAGE GENERAL AND LOCAL METABOLIC PROCESSESMeasures which increase Vital Resistance: • Brand bath in case of Typhoid and other infectious disease. • Wet sheet pack • Wet girdle pack • Chest pack • Rubbing sitz bath • Alternate sponging of the spine • Alternate spinal compress • Cold water drinking • Small cold enema • Measures which excite central ganglia: • Very hot, very cold or alternate hot & Cold applications • Alternate general douche • Percussion or alternate spinal douche • Alternate spinal sponging • Alternate spinal compresses • Alternate immersion • All various forms of cold , alternate, hot & cold localized compresses
- 16. To produce cutaneous activity- • General hot bath • Prolonged hot application followed by a brief cold application To increase the visceral activity • The most effective means is to apply a short cold douche with strong pressure • Alternate douche • Heating compress • These measures also increase blood formation and glandular activity • General cold application (very short general cold bath; the lower the temperature the better) to cutaneous surface promote high degree of blood formation.( efficiency of cold bath in combating anemia, even when all other measures have failed) • Cold mitten friction/ cold towel rub (2-3 times daily) • Cold douche
- 17. • NOTE- • In most of the chronic diseases, there is either primary or secondary grave disturbance of the general nutrition, due to failure of tissues to maintain normal metabolism. • Failure to maintain general metabolism as in case of Autointoxication. • Failure to maintain local metabolism as in case of Hypopepsia. • Hydrotherapy has measures which improve the activity of sluggish organ to normal ( if activity of the organ has not been extensively damaged)
- 18. PROCEDURES WHICH INCREASE GENERAL BLOOD MOVEMENT AND LOCAL BLOOD SUPPLY• Cold application to surface, excite the heart, increase the blood pressure & increase the movement of blood & lymph throughout ; all the tonic measures may be applied here. • Precordial compress may be applied where general cold application is required. • Precordial compress can be applied where hot application are required; antagonize the depressing effect of heat. • Cold mitten friction/ cold towel rub are useful to reinforce the energy of heart and encourage the circulation ( as in case of fever, cardiac or renal disease, neurasthenia with general feebleness, chronic tuberculosis or other wasting disorders. • NOTE- • Cold applications first quicken and then slow the action of heart , raise the blood pressure and increase the movement of the blood and lymph through their proper channels in all parts of the body.
- 19. • General hot application at first stimulate the heart and increase the blood pressure , but later lower the blood pressure, diminish the energy of heart, and lessen the rate of movement of the vital fluids. • Note- • hot applications are seldom used for this purpose; however neutral baths is useful in quietening excessive activity. • If in case hot baths are used in case of cardiac weakness then excessive or prolonged general hot applications may be avoided; during hot applications a cold precordial cpompress is applied to guard against the cardiac failure. Eg: vapour bath , electriclight bath, russian bath, hot immersion bath , when administered in cases of cardiac disease.
- 20. MEASURES WHICH INCREASE HEAT PRODUCTION • The process of thermogenesis occurs by the impression of cold upon the thermic nerves of the skin. • The more intense and prolonged this impression the greater the effect in increasing heat production. NOTE- • The most intense effects are produced by prolonging the application until the temperature of the body has been slightly lowered. • If the cold is greatly prolonged or repeated at short intervals , the thermogenic reaction fails & the depressant effect of cold appear.
- 21. MEASURES WHICH INCREASE THE ELIMINATION OF HEAT • The measures which maintain active cutaneous circulation, & at same time cooling the skin. Eg: vigorous rubbing in cold immersion bath (brand bath) • Rubbing wet sheet • Wet sheet pack • Very short hot application followed by short cold applications to the surface • Cold friction bath • Cold towel rub • Cold water drinking • Cold enema • Cold application to spine In some cases – • Hot blanket pack • Hot evaporating sheet
- 22. MEASURES WHICH RELIEVE PAIN & NERVOUS IRRITABILITY Measures to relieve pain And diminish local irritability (cutaneous or visceral) Hot fomentation Heating compress Cold compress Ice compress Measures which relieve nervous irritability & induce sleep • General neutral bath • Neutral douche • Neutral pack • Moist abdominal bandage • Cool head cap • Heating spinal compress
- 23. MEASURES WHICH COMBAT BACTERIAL DEVELOPMENT • Prolonged application of cold to the local part infected • When deeper parts are affected, growth of parasites may be combated by increasing the alkalinity of blood by means of general cold applications, and methods which favour local leucocytosis ( frequently renewed heating compress, alternate compress) • These measures increase the movement of blood through affected parts, and bring fresh supply of alexins and antitoxins to the growing bacteria; thus their growth is discouraged, at same time the W.B.C are actively engaged in capturing and destroying the parasites.
- 24. MEANS OF CONTROLLING BLOOD MOVEMENT AND VOLUME Measures which encourage leucocytosis- • General cold bath • Frequently renewed Heating compress • Alternate compres • Scotch douche • Alternate douche • Sweating baths • Copious water drinking • Vapour bath • Sweating pack • Prolonged neutral bath followed by cold towel rub/ cold procedure.
- 25. • Derivative measures • Cold compress • Scotch douche • Revulsive measures
- 26. NOTE- • Stagnation of blood and lymph encourage morbid processes by favouring the development and the accumulation of waste and toxic substances in the tissues, leading to perverted metabolism or unhealthy tissue formation; by weakening the resistance of cells, which become asphyxiated by the accumulation of CO2 & poisoned by their own excretions, so that they get infected by invading parasites.
- 27. MEASURES WHICH LESSEN HEAT PRODUCTION • Short hot applications to the surface • Prolonged or frequently repeated cold applications HEATING MEASURES- • Short hot immersion bath • Hot blanket pack • Fomentation to the spine • Hot evaporating sheet COLD APPLICATIONS- • Graduated bath • Prolonged tepid bath • Cooling pack
- 28. MEASURES WHICH LESSEN HEAT ELIMINATION (Seldom required) Heat elimination is to be decreased in case of syncope. Efficient means of preventing excessive heat loss are- • Dry pack • Hot blanket pack • Hot enema • Hot water drinking • Hot application with a short cold application with friction • Vigorous cold wet-hand rubbing • Cold mitten friction
- 29. DIMINISH GENERAL METABOLIC ACTIVITY • By absolute rest in bed. • Neutral bath. Eg: • Hypopepsia • Intestinal catarrh • Uterine catarrh • Vesicle catarrh In above cases Over-excitation of secreting glands may be lessened by withdrawing the blood from the part by various derivative measures.
- 30. HYDRIATIC INCOMPATIBILITIES The combination of treatments must be decided wisely; so that one measure does not undo the therapeutic effect generated by the other. NOTE- The combination of hydriatic processes in such a manner as to enable one procedure to intensify or to prolong the effect of another is perhaps the best test of a physician’s experience and skill.
- 31. 1) Tonic procedures must be carefully avoided when a sedative effect is desired. eg: cold and neutral procedures. • Tonic application may be accidental. • Contact with pure cold after a neutral bath, or the feet with a cold floor, may destroy the sedative effect of bath altogether. 2) Sedative measures must be as carefully suppressed when tonic procedures are employed for their specific effects. eg: The tonic effect is lost - • When a hot bath precedes a cold bath • If hot is too prolonged. • If the cold application is too short. • If patient is exposed to an overheated atmosphere after bath
- 32. 3) In use of antipyretic measures, procedure must be so managed that heat production will not be increased so much as to counterbalance the increase in heat elimination; • Hence, short cold or cool applications may be injurious. • Cool sponging often raises the temperature by increasing heat production.
- 33. References 1. Rational hydrotherapy, J.H Kellogg. 2. Principles and practice of hydrotherapy, George Knapp Abbott. 3. Baths, Dr. S.J. Singh. 4. The water therapy manual, Vance Ferrell.