Optical tweezers have become the method of choice in single-molecule manipulation
studies. In this Primer, we first review the physical principles of optical tweezers and the …

Recombinational DNA repair is a universal aspect of DNA metabolism and is essential for
genomic integrity. It is a template-directed process that uses a second chromosomal copy …

Cells routinely compartmentalize enzymes for enhanced efficiency of their metabolic
pathways. Here we report a general approach to construct DNA nanocaged enzymes for …

It has been assumed that DNA synthesis by the leading-and lagging-strand polymerases in
the replisome must be coordinated to avoid the formation of significant gaps in the nascent …

Many genome-processing reactions, including transcription, replication and repair, generate
DNA rotation. Methods that directly measure DNA rotation, such as rotor bead tracking …

Molecular motors are diverse enzymes that transduce chemical energy into mechanical
work and, in doing so, perform critical cellular functions such as DNA replication and …

The recently noticed ability of restart to reduce the expected completion time of first-passage
processes allows appealing opportunities for performance improvement in a variety of …

Many biological functions are executed by molecular machines, which like man-made
motors are powered by chemical energy, released by adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis …

The routine transformation of a liquid, as it is rapidly cooled, resulting in glass formation, is
remarkably complex. A theoretical explanation of the dynamics associated with this process …

Although bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase IV have critical interactions with positively
supercoiled DNA, little is known about the actions of these enzymes on overwound …