Altered states of consciousness
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The document discusses sleep and altered states of consciousness. It describes the theories of why we sleep including for restorative purposes, to conserve energy, as a primitive hibernation, and to clear the mind. It outlines the stages of sleep including REM sleep and NREM sleep. It also discusses various sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, night terrors, and sleepwalking/talking.
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Consciousness PowerPoint
This document discusses various topics related to consciousness including biological rhythms, sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs. It describes circadian rhythms and how they regulate hormones and can be disrupted. It discusses the stages and typical patterns of sleep and some sleep disorders. Dreams are explored in terms of Freudian and activation-synthesis theories. Hypnosis theories include dissociation and sociocognitive perspectives. Drugs are classified and their physiological and psychological effects on the brain and behavior are outlined, including specific examples like alcohol and cocaine.
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Rapid eye movement sleep, characterized by dreaming and muscle relaxation, is known as REM sleep. Hypnosis is a state of altered consciousness where people become highly suggestible. Marijuana is a psychoactive drug that interacts with the central nervous system to alter mood, perception, and behavior. Substances like LSD that produce hallucinations are called hallucinogens. Prolonged inability to sleep is called insomnia.
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The document discusses various states of consciousness including sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and psychoactive drug effects. It describes sleep stages including REM sleep and how sleep patterns are regulated by circadian rhythms. It also covers common sleep disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea. The document discusses Freud's theories of dreams and how dreams may help with memory consolidation. Hypnosis is described as a social interaction where a subject acts on a hypnotist's suggestions. Effects of different drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens are summarized along with risks of dependence and withdrawal. Near death experiences are also briefly covered.
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Altered States of Consciousness discusses various drugs and their effects. Drugs can be agonists that combine with receptors to produce physiological responses, or antagonists that counteract other drugs' effects. Reuptake inhibitors block the release of serotonin. If a drug is used often, tolerance develops requiring more of the drug to feel the same effect. Stopping a drug can cause withdrawal symptoms. Depressants like alcohol impair skills while stimulants like caffeine and nicotine provide energy. Hallucinogens like LSD and marijuana can cause hallucinations. Cocaine prevents neurotransmitter reuptake, producing a brief euphoric rush followed by a crash.
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The document discusses various altered states of consciousness including sleep, dreams, hypnosis, meditation, and the effects of different drugs. It describes the stages of sleep, including REM sleep, and theories about the purpose and interpretation of dreams. It also outlines different meditation techniques and how drugs like marijuana, LSD, and alcohol alter consciousness and can impact the body and mind.
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Chapter 4 consciousness, sleep, dreams, hynosis & drugs notes
Chapter 4 consciousness, sleep, dreams, hynosis & drugs notes
Aguiar ap consciousness sleep and dreams 2014 2015
Aguiar ap consciousness sleep and dreams 2014 2015
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Vision occurs when light enters the eye through the pupil, is focused by the lens onto the retina, and is detected by photoreceptors called rods and cones. The photoreceptors convert light energy into neuronal impulses which travel along the optic nerve to the brain. The brain combines images from both eyes to perceive a single image. Hearing occurs when sound vibrations travel through the outer ear and auditory canal to the eardrum and middle ear bones, causing fluid in the inner ear cochlea to move tiny hairs which trigger neurons to send impulses along the auditory nerve to the brain. The vestibular system in the inner ear provides balance and orientation through semicircular can
Altered states of consciousness
The document discusses sleep and altered states of consciousness. It describes the theories of why we sleep including for restorative purposes, to conserve energy, as a primitive hibernation, and to clear the mind. It outlines the stages of sleep including stages 1 through 4 and REM sleep. It discusses circadian rhythms and several sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, night terrors, and sleepwalking.
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participants may report symptoms or outcomes differently or physicians
Investigators may elicit symptoms or outcomes differently
A technique used to prevent selection bias by concealing the allocation sequence from those assigning participants to intervention groups, until the moment of assignment.
Allocation concealment prevents researchers from influencing which participants are assigned to a given intervention group.
All clinical trials must be approved by Institutional Ethics Committee before initiation
It is mandatory to register clinical trials with Clinical Trials Registry of India
Informed consent from all study participants is mandatory.
A preclinical trial is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials, and during which important feasibility and drug safety data are collected.
Following points high.
Mainstreaming #CleanLanguage in healthcare.pptx
In healthcare, every day, millions of conversations fail. They fail to cover what’s really important, fail to resolve key issues, miss the point and lead to misunderstandings and disagreements.
Clean Language is one approach that can improve things. It’s a set of precise questions – and a way of asking them – which help us all get clear on what matters, what we’d like to have happen, and what’s needed.
Around 1000 people working in healthcare have trained in Clean Language skills over the past 20+ years. People are using what they’ve learnt, in their own spheres, and share anecdotes of significant successes. But the various local initiatives have not scaled, nor connected with each other, and learning has not been widely shared.
This project, which emerged from work done by the NHS England South-West End-Of-Life Network, with help from the Q Community and especially Hesham Abdalla, aims to fix that.
Pharmacotherapy of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
This PowerPoint presentation provides an in-depth overview of the pharmacotherapy approaches for managing asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It covers the pathophysiology of these respiratory conditions, the various classes of medications used, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and the latest treatment guidelines. Designed for students, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in respiratory pharmacology, this presentation offers a comprehensive understanding of current therapeutic strategies and advancements in the field.
Abnormal CSF Diagnosis and Lumbar puncture
cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities and diagnostic procedures along with important findings in brief.
POTENTIAL TARGET DISEASES FOR GENE THERAPY SOURAV.pptx
Theoretically, gene therapy is the permanent solution for genetic diseases. But it has several complexities. At its current stage, it is not accessible to most people due to its huge cost. A breakthrough may come anytime and a day may come when almost every disease will have a gene therapy Gene therapy have the potential to revolutionize the practice of medicine.
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Altered states of consciousness
- 1. Altered States of Consciousness Sleep and Dreams
- 2. Objectives Describe the theories associated with why we sleep List and describe sleep disorders Describe and explain the characteristics of the different sleep cycles
- 3. Theories Restorative Allows a person to “charge their batteries” Brain recovers from exhaustion and stress Primitive Hibernation Sleep to conserve energy Adaptive Process Night vulnerable time – keep safe Clear mind of useless information Dreaming
- 4. Stages of Sleep Stage I Lightest sleep Alpha + Theta waves Stage II Brain waves shift - Theta waves Stage III Deep sleep – Delta waves + Theta waves Stage IV Deepest of sleep – Large Delta waves sweep brain every second - +50% REM SLEEP Brain waves similar to awake person – Beta Waves
- 5. Circadian Rhythm Biological clock that is roughly 24 hours Regulates physiological responses Even w/o cues people respond to this
- 7. Sleep Disorders Insomnia Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy Night Terrors Sleep Walking/Talking
- 9. Sleep Apnea Breathing stops or has trouble breathing during sleep Snoring Choking Affects 1/100 Americans
- 10. Causes and Symptoms Causes Enlarged Tonsils Throat/Middle ear infections Obesity Symptoms Trouble breathing Choking Snoring that ends abruptly
- 13. Narcolepsy Suddenly falling asleep Feeling very sleepy during the day Symptoms Unusual sleep and dream patterns Sleep attacks are brief REM episodes Prone to accidents Relationships/work
- 14. Narcolepsy Causes Autoimmune disease Immune system kills hypocretin making cells HLA gene variant Keep immune system in check
- 15. Night Terrors Unpleasant dreams Screaming, panic, confusion Usually in children Cause Intense stimulation of the part of the brain that deals with emotional reactions What part is that?
- 16. Sleep Walking/Talking Symptoms Walking / Talking during sleep In most cases it is harmless Causes Stress, fatigue Sedative medicines Heredity
- 17. What Have You Learned? What is the difference between REM and NREM sleep? What are the four theories as to why we sleep? Why would you consider sleep an altered state of consciousness?