Securing Serverless Workloads with Cognito and API Gateway Part I - AWS Security Day
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The document discusses securing serverless applications using Amazon API Gateway, AWS Lambda, and Amazon Cognito. It describes how to build a basic 3-tier web app that is fully serverless, add authentication with Amazon Cognito by integrating with Cognito user pools, and implement authorization using AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) by leveraging Cognito. Key benefits mentioned are that AWS Lambda and API Gateway provide automatic scaling with no infrastructure to manage, while security is improved by making use of IAM through Cognito.
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Securing Serverless Workloads with Cognito and API Gateway Part I - AWS Security Day
- 1. Securing Serverless Applications Part 1 Karthi Thyagarajan Enterprise Solutions Architect Using Amazon API Gateway, AWS Lambda and Amazon Cognito
- 2. Imagine for a minute… Being able to develop a mobile backend API that: • Requires no infrastructure • Scales automatically to meet demand • Has granular costs that grow with usage
- 3. The services we are going to use Amazon API GatewayAWS Lambda Amazon Cognito Amazon DynamoDB Host the API and route API calls Execute our app’s business logic Generate temporary AWS credentials Data store
- 4. What to Expect from the Session 1. Start with a basic 3-tier web app • Pure serverless 2. Add authentication with Amazon Cognito • Integrate with Cognito • Login by leveraging BYOI (bring your own identity) 3. Authorization with AWS IAM 4. Segue to part 2
- 5. Key takeaways AWS Lambda + Amazon API Gateway means no infrastructure to manage – we scale for you Security is important, and complex – make the most of AWS Identity and Access Management by leveraging Cognito Flexibility – API Gateway, Lambda and Cognito give you choices for authentication and authorization
- 6. First building block: AWS Lambda
- 7. High performance at any scale; Cost-effective and efficient No Infrastructure to manage Pay only for what you use: Lambda automatically matches capacity to your request rate. Purchase compute in 100ms increments. Bring Your Own Code Lambda functions: Stateless, trigger-based code execution Run code in a choice of standard languages. Use threads, processes, files, and shell scripts normally. Focus on business logic, not infrastructure. You upload code; AWS Lambda handles everything else. AWS Lambda Overview
- 8. AWS Lambda Console Develop, test and publish your Lambda functions either by the AWS Management Console, AWS CLI or our SDKs. Or use community frameworks such as serverless.com, gosparta.io and more…
- 9. Second building block: Amazon API Gateway
- 10. Amazon API Gateway overview Manage deployments to multiple versions and environments Define and host APIs Leverage Identity and Access Management to authorize access to your cloud resources Leverage AWS Auth DDoS protection and request throttling to safeguard your back end Manage network traffic
- 11. Your Feedback Managing multiple versions and stages of an API is difficult Monitoring 3rd party developers’ access is time consuming Access authorization is a challenge Traffic spikes create operational burden What if I don’t want servers at all?
- 12. Host multiple versions and stages of your APIs Create and distribute API Keys to developers Authenticate and authorise API consumers Throttle and monitor requests to protect your backend Utilizes AWS Lambda Introducing Amazon API Gateway
- 13. Introducing Amazon API Gateway Managed cache to store API responses Reduced latency and DDoS protection through CloudFront SDK Generation for iOS, Android and JavaScript Swagger import and export support Request / Response data transformation and API mocking
- 14. Serverless 3-tier Web Architecture Amazon API Gateway AWS Lambda Amazon DynamoDB Data tier App tier Presentation tier Amazon S3 Amazon CloudFront
- 15. Demo – notes app
- 16. Third building block: Amazon Cognito
- 17. Amazon Cognito overview Manage authenticated and guest users across identity providers Identity management Synchronize users’ data across devices and platforms via the cloud Data synchronization Securely access AWS services from mobile devices and platforms Secure AWS access
- 18. The notes API
- 19. Unauthenticated API call flows Clients AWS Lambda lambdaHandler Register Login API Gateway Authenticated Clients AWS Lambda lambdaHandler ListNotes CreateNote API Gateway Assume Role Etc.. Sigv4 Invoke with caller credentials Authorized by IAM
- 21. The API definition • POST • Receives a user name and password • Encrypts the password and creates the user account in DynamoDB • Calls Amazon Cognito to generate credentials • Returns the user + its credentials /users • POST • Receives a user name and password • Authenticates the user against the DynamoDB database • Calls Amazon Cognito to generate credentials • Returns a set of temporary credentials /login
- 22. Retrieving temporary AWS credentials Call Login API, no auth required Client API Gateway Backend /login Login action User accounts database Credentials verified Get OpenID token for developer identity Receives credentials to sign API calls Identity ID + token Get credentials for identity Access key + secret key + session token /login 1. 2. 3.
- 23. Demo – login with Cognito
- 25. The Pets resources require authorization • POST • Receives a Pet model • Saves it in DynamoDB • Returns the new Pet ID • GET • Returns the list of Pets stored in DynamoDB /pets • GET • Receives a Pet ID from the path • Uses mapping templates to pass the path parameter to the Lambda function • Loads the Pet from DynamoDB • Returns a Pet model /pets/{petId}
- 26. Using the caller credentials credentials: arn:aws:iam::*:user/* Using the console Using Swagger
- 27. The IAM role defines access permissions { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "dynamodb:GetItem", "dynamodb:PutItem", "dynamodb:Scan", "lambda:InvokeFunction", "execute-api:invoke" ], "Resource": [ "arn:aws:dynamodb:us-east-1:xxxxxx:table/notes", "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:xxxxx:function:NotesGet”, "arn:aws:execute-api:us-east-1:xxxx:API_ID/*/POST/notes" ] } ] } The role allows calls to: • DynamoDB • API Gateway • Lambda The role can access specific resources in these services
- 28. One step further: Fine-grained access permissions Internet Client API Gateway AWS Lambda functions Amazon CloudFront DynamoDB CognitoId2 … "Condition": { "ForAllValues:StringEquals": { "dynamodb:LeadingKeys": [”${cognito- identity.amazonaws.com:sub}"], "dynamodb:Attributes": [ "UserId","GameTitle","Wins","Losses", "TopScore","TopScoreDateTime” ] }, "StringEqualsIfExists": { "dynamodb:Select": "SPECIFIC_ATTRIBUTES” } } … Executes with this role UserID Wins Losses cognitoId1 3 2 cognitoId2 5 8 cognitoId3 2 3 The credentials and context (Cognito ID) are passed along Both AWS Lambda & DynamoDB will follow the access policy
- 29. Authenticated flow in depth Clients AWS Lambda lambdaHandler API Gateway Sigv4 Invoke with caller credentials Service calls are authorized using the IAM role Learn more about fine-grained access permissions http://amzn.to/1YkxcjR DynamoDB
- 31. Benefits of using AWS auth & IAM • Separation of concerns – our authorization strategy is delegated to a dedicated service • We have centralized access management to a single set of policies • Roles and credentials can be disabled with a single API call
- 32. AWS credentials on the client
- 33. 1-click SDK generation from the console
- 34. The client SDK declares all methods
- 35. The AWSCredentialsProvider We implement the AWSCredentialsProvider interface The refresh() method is called whenever the SDK needs new credentials
- 36. Generated SDK benefits The generated client SDK knows how to: • Sign API calls using AWS signature version 4 • Handle-throttled responses with exponential back-off • Marshal and unmarshal requests and responses to model objects
- 37. Options for authentication and authorization
- 38. Options • Cognito facilitates BYOI • Google, FB, etc… • Roll your own • Cognito User Pools • Authorization options – facilitated by API Gateway • AWS IAM • Custom Authorizer
- 39. Manage authenticated and guest users’ access to your AWS resources Federated Identities Add sign-up and sign- in with a fully managed user directory Your User Pool GuestYour own auth Amazon Cognito Identity Amazon Cognito Identity
- 40. What have we learned? AWS Lambda + Amazon API Gateway means no infrastructure to manage – we scale for you Security is important, and complex – make the most of AWS Identity and Access Management by leveraging Cognito Flexibility – API Gateway, Lambda and Cognito give you choices for authentication and authorization
- 41. Questions?