The document discusses research methods and definitions. It defines research as a systematic process of inquiry to discover facts or theories. Research methodology involves defining the problem, objectives, literature review, methodology, subjects, design, data collection, analysis and bibliography. Methods of data collection discussed include questionnaires, interviews and observations. Questionnaires can be closed-ended, open-ended, use scales or checklists. Interviews allow more in-depth information but take more time.
This document outlines the 7 key steps in the research process: 1) identifying a problem, 2) reviewing literature, 3) setting objectives and hypotheses, 4) choosing a study design, 5) collecting data, 6) processing and analyzing data, and 7) writing a report. It provides details on each step, including how to identify a research problem versus a non-research problem, review existing literature, develop objectives and hypotheses, choose an appropriate design, collect and analyze data, and structure a research report. The overall process is meant to guide researchers in conducting thorough scientific studies.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology, including:
1. It defines research as an organized and systematic process of finding answers to questions through a defined set of steps and procedures.
2. It discusses different types of research including quantitative, qualitative, basic, applied, longitudinal, descriptive, classification, comparative, exploratory, explanatory, causal, theory testing, and theory building research.
3. It also discusses alternatives to research-based knowledge such as relying on authority, tradition, common sense, media, and personal experience.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on developing questionnaires. It discusses key topics such as the definition of a questionnaire, its purpose, elements, characteristics, types (open-ended, closed-ended, mixed), steps to develop one, when to use questionnaires, issues to consider regarding content and guidelines for development. Advantages and disadvantages of questionnaires are also presented. The document aims to inform participants on best practices for constructing effective questionnaires.
Quantitative Methods of Research-Intro to research
Once a researcher has written the research question, the next step is to determine the appropriate research methodology necessary to study the question. The three main types of research design methods are qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods.
Quantitative research involves the systematic collection and analysis of data.
Basic research aims to develop or enhance theory without considering immediate practical applications. It involves collecting and analyzing data to test hypotheses and advance scientific understanding, even if the results have no obvious commercial or practical benefits. Some key points about basic research include:
- It increases fundamental knowledge and understanding without direct commercial objectives.
- Findings may not be immediately useful but often lay the groundwork for applied research and new technologies.
- It is primarily conducted by universities and seeks to explain phenomena rather than solve practical problems.
- The goal is explanatory research to generate new ideas and theories about how the world works.
Research is the systematic efforts of gathering, analyzing & interpreting the problems confronted by humanity.
this ppt contains following points :-
Meaning of research
Characteristics of Research
Objectives of Research
Motivation in Research
Importance of Research
Types of Research
Research Process
Difference Between Research Methods & Research Methodology
Meaning of Business Research
Role of Business Research
Factors Affecting Business Research
The document outlines key aspects of research methodology including:
1. The objectives of research such as defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, and testing conclusions.
2. The different types of research including descriptive, applied, quantitative, conceptual, empirical, qualitative, fundamental, and analytical research.
3. The methods of collecting data including primary methods like questionnaires, observations, interviews, and schedules and secondary methods of collecting published and unpublished data from various sources.
There are two basic types of scientific research: inductive and deductive. Inductive research involves assuming theoretical concepts and patterns from observed data to build theories, while deductive research tests concepts and patterns using empirical data to evaluate theories. Additionally, there are three types of scientific research based on purpose: exploratory research investigates new areas of interest to generate initial ideas and test feasibility; descriptive research carefully observes and documents phenomena through reliable scientific methods; and explanatory research seeks explanations for observed phenomena by answering "why" and "how" questions.
The document provides guidance on formulating a research question. It discusses identifying a research problem or opportunity and determining the unit of analysis. It also covers translating the research problem into a research question and formulating a hypothesis to be tested. Well-formulated research questions are answerable, specific, measurable, and linked to a theoretical framework. The goal is to develop a question that will focus the research and facilitate subsequent steps in the research process.
The hypotheses in these examples are:
1. Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the proportion of male and female smokers in the study population.
2. Alternative hypothesis: A greater proportion of females than males are smokers in the study population.
3. Research hypothesis: A total of 60% of females and 30% of males in the study population are smokers.
4. Research hypothesis: There are twice as many female smokers as male smokers in the study population.
Research is the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possible control of events .
This document discusses key aspects of research methodology. It begins by defining research as a systematic process of examining a topic closely through various methods such as observation and experimentation. The document then outlines several types of research including pure research, applied research, descriptive research, and correlational research. It also discusses different research methods like library research, field research, and laboratory research. The rest of the document delves into various steps of research methodology such as formulating hypotheses, preparing a research design, identifying variable types, and qualifying a rigorous research. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of conceptualizing and planning a scientific research study.
Research methodology is the systematic process of investigating a subject or problem to discover relevant information. It involves establishing a conceptual understanding or assessing facets of a problem through objective and systematic investigation. There are two main types of research: fundamental research which seeks to expand knowledge, and applied research which uses existing knowledge to solve problems. Research requires defining objectives, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. It provides information to make evidence-based decisions.
This document provides an overview of different types of research designs, including quantitative, qualitative, experimental, correlational, and survey designs. For experimental design, it discusses concepts like independent and dependent variables, experimental and control groups, and how random assignment is used. For correlational design, it explains how this design examines relationships between variables without manipulation or group assignment. Survey design is described as collecting data through questionnaires or interviews to describe characteristics of a population.
The document provides guidance on choosing an effective research topic. It recommends starting with a broad topic of interest and then narrowing it down by using library databases to answer questions about who, what, when, where and why. This helps formulate a research question that takes a stance and can be supported with evidence. Good research topics are narrow enough to cover in the required pages but broad enough to find information. The topic should be approachable from at least two sides and not answerable with a quick search. Examples of good and bad research questions are provided.
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as focusing on understanding human behavior and reasons for behavior through words rather than numbers. The document outlines different qualitative research approaches like phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, biographical studies, and case studies. It compares qualitative and quantitative research and discusses qualitative research purposes, methods of data collection including interviews, observations, documents, and focus groups. The document also covers qualitative sampling strategies, designing a qualitative study, and concerns of qualitative researchers.
This document describes and compares different research methods including interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, surveys, internet research, and library research. It identifies the type of data each method collects (qualitative, quantitative, primary, or secondary) and lists advantages and disadvantages of each. Interviews collect primary qualitative data but respondents could be untruthful. Questionnaires allow for first-hand opinions but responses may be false. Focus groups provide useful qualitative data but are expensive to conduct. Surveys gather data quickly but responses may not be accurate. Internet research offers a variety range of qualitative and quantitative secondary data but the right information is not guaranteed. Library research is a good source of historical information but incorrect sources could be found.
Etnografi adalah kajian lapangan yang melibatkan pengkaji menghabiskan masa di kalangan masyarakat untuk memahami budaya dan tingkah laku mereka secara mendalam. Ia bertujuan untuk memahami isu dari perspektif masyarakat, meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang budaya, dan membangunkan pemahaman menyeluruh tentang masyarakat. Kajian etnografi melibatkan pemerhatian langsung dan interaksi rapat ant
01 tajuk, masalah & objektif kajian penyelidikan tindakanshare with me
Dokumen tersebut memberikan nasihat tentang cara merangkum dan menyusun tajuk, masalah, dan objektif kajian yang baik. Beberapa poin penting yang disebutkan adalah tajuk hendaklah ringkas, jelas, dan menggambarkan objektif serta pemboleh ubah yang dikaji; masalah perlu dibatasi skopnya dan dapat diukur; objektif hendaklah terdiri daripada objektif umum dan khusus.
Kaedah penyelidikan sejarah bertujuan untuk mengkaji peristiwa masa lalu secara objektif dengan mengumpul bukti dari sumber primer dan sekunder, membuat hipotesis, dan menafsirkan maklumat untuk memberikan perspektif baru tentang peristiwa tersebut. Langkah utama termasuk mengenal pasti masalah, mengumpul dan menilai bukti, membentuk hipotesis, dan melaporkan hasil kajian.
This document discusses various methods for collecting research data, including primary and secondary sources. It describes different types of self-report methods like interviews, questionnaires, and scales. Interviews can be structured, unstructured, or semi-structured. Questionnaires contain different types of questions in various formats. Scales discussed include Likert scales, semantic differential scales, and visual analog scales. The document provides advantages and disadvantages of each method.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on types of research given by Manoj Patel. It defines research and lists its main objectives as extending knowledge, revealing hidden facts, generalizing laws, and verifying existing theories and facts. The presentation then describes several common types of research, including descriptive and analytical research, applied and fundamental research, quantitative and qualitative research, conceptual and empirical research, and others. It provides examples to illustrate the differences between each type.
This document summarizes key aspects of research methodology. It defines research and discusses the differences between thesis, dissertation, and different categories and types of research studies. It also outlines the procedural steps in research including problem selection, literature review, study design, data collection and analysis. Different research strategies and types of epidemiologic studies such as descriptive, analytical, case-control and cohort studies are described. Ethics in research are also briefly mentioned.
This presentation discusses primary and secondary data collection methods. It begins by defining primary data as original data collected specifically for the research purpose, such as through surveys and interviews. Secondary data refers to data previously collected by others, such as published sources. Both data types are useful but have tradeoffs - primary data directly addresses the research question while secondary data is easier to obtain but may not be specific. The presentation provides examples of primary and secondary data collection techniques and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Qualitative and quantitative methods of researchJordan Cruz
The document compares and contrasts qualitative and quantitative research methods. It discusses that qualitative research aims to understand social interactions through smaller, non-randomly selected samples, while quantitative research seeks to test hypotheses and make predictions using larger, randomly selected samples and specific variables. It also outlines the different types of data collected, forms of analysis, roles of researchers, and final reporting structures between the two methods.
Quantitative and qualitative research methods differ in important ways. Quantitative research uses statistical analysis of numeric data from standardized instruments, while qualitative research relies on descriptive analysis of text or image data collected from a small number of individuals. The two approaches also differ in how the research problem is identified, how literature is reviewed, how data is collected and analyzed, and how findings are reported. Common quantitative designs include experimental, correlational, and survey designs, while qualitative designs include grounded theory, ethnographic, narrative, and action research designs. The best approach depends on matching the research questions and goals.
This document discusses various methods of data collection in research. It describes 7 common methods: questionnaires, checklists, interviews, observation, records, experimental approaches, and survey approaches. For each method, it outlines the key aspects, such as how it is administered or structured, as well as advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses important considerations for developing research instruments and measuring variables in studies. The overall purpose is to provide guidance on selecting appropriate data collection techniques based on the research problem and design.
The document discusses various types of research including applied research, basic research, correlational research, descriptive research, ethnographic research, experimental research, and exploratory research. Applied research seeks practical solutions to problems, while basic research expands knowledge without a direct application. Correlational research examines relationships between variables without determining cause and effect. Descriptive research provides accurate portrayals of characteristics, and ethnographic research involves in-depth study of cultures. Experimental research establishes cause-and-effect through controlled manipulation of variables.
The document discusses various techniques for collecting data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and focus group discussions. It provides examples and guidelines for each technique. It also discusses potential sources of bias in data collection, such as defective instruments, observer bias, and question wording.
This document provides guidance on completing comps (comprehensive exams) for a Workforce Education program. It explains that comps involve writing responses to 4 questions in 15 pages each over one month. The questions will relate to theory, foundations, research methods, and practice. It recommends having drafts of chapters 1-3 completed beforehand and communicating well with your advisor and committee. The document provides sample questions and emphasizes understanding each question fully before writing, managing time well, and revising responses. Completing comps well prepares students for their dissertation proposal.
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It explains that a proposal describes the research topic, explains why the research is being conducted, and describes and justifies the research methods. It advises including research aims that are clear, focused, precise and use strong verbs. Objectives should define measurable steps to achieve the aims. The proposal should also justify the research by relating it to previous literature and explaining its significance. It should describe the chosen methodologies, data collection methods, and approach to analysis, and justify these choices. The document provides examples and prompts readers to develop their own research aims, objectives, literature review, and methodology section. It emphasizes developing an "elevator pitch" to concisely explain the research.
This document provides information on constructing questionnaires. It defines what a questionnaire is and describes the various types. The key steps outlined for constructing a questionnaire are: writing the study aim, identifying broad topic areas, breaking these into single-item statements, constructing questions and the questionnaire, and validating the questionnaire. Various question types like closed-ended, open-ended, rating scales, and checklists are described. Guidelines are provided for writing clear, unbiased questions and properly structuring the questionnaire. The importance of validation by piloting the questionnaire on a small sample is also covered.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY_ STEP BY STEP RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CHAPTER_.pdfMATIULLAH JAN
What the methodology chapter is and why it is important?
How to structure and write up the methodology chapter:
The research design:
The research philosophy:
The research type:
Inductive research,
The research strategy:
Experimental research
The time horizon:
The sampling strategy:
The data collection method
The analysis methods and techniques:
The methodological limitations
Assignment Surveys and Response RatesAs you read in Chapter 1, .docxrock73
Assignment: Surveys and Response Rates
As you read in Chapter 1, research designed to assess and answer questions about the current state of affairs is descriptive research. It is called descriptive research because no variables are manipulated (as you would find in an experimental research design). Rather, the goal of descriptive research is to provide a snapshot of thoughts, beliefs, or behaviors of groups of people at a given time. One common type of descriptive research is survey research. A survey is a type of self-report measure that can be administered either through an interview or written questionnaire.
Interviews are surveys in which researchers read questions to participants either in person or by telephone. The questions are either structured or unstructured. When using a structured interview technique, the researcher predetermines the questions to ask participants and records their responses. An example of a structured interview technique is a phone call during the evening at home requesting a “few minutes of your time” to ask your opinions about candidates in an upcoming political election. In an unstructured interview, the researcher asks the respondents to talk freely about a particular topic and records their answers. An example of an unstructured interview technique is a focus group setting, wherein a number of people meet at the same time to share their thoughts and opinions about a particular topic, such as their emotional reactions to viewing advertising campaigns.
Questionnaires are different from interviews because participants complete these assessments on their own, and usually without supervision. The other difference is that participants complete questionnaires in a fixed-format. This means participants answer questions in the exact same order and select their answers from various response choices provided (e.g., multiple choice or true/false) rather than freely reporting what comes to mind. An example of a questionnaire is a poll located in a magazine questioning you about your present satisfaction in your romantic relationship.
Consider the last time you were asked to complete a survey either by interview or questionnaire. Did you participate? Why, or why not? Though survey methods are a good way to collect a lot of data quickly, participants are not always eager to take the time and effort required to complete them. For this Assignment, you select a particular survey method to collect data on a study idea. You analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the method and consider strategies for increasing participant response rates.
To prepare
Review again the assigned pages from Chapter 6 and Chapter 8 of your course text.
Think about the study idea that you developed for the Discussion this week.
Think about what types of data you would collect utilizing various survey methods (e.g., interviews and questionnaires, focus groups).
Consider strategies researchers use to attempt to increase the participant response ...
The document discusses different types of interviews and surveys that can be used for research purposes. It describes unstructured, semi-structured, and structured interviews. It also outlines Kvale's seven stages of interviews which include designing, conducting, transcribing, analyzing, verifying, and reporting. Additional tips provided include establishing rapport with interviewees, deciding how to record the interview, analyzing interview texts, and frequently asked questions about interviews. The document also discusses open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires and considerations for designing surveys.
The document provides guidance on developing questionnaires. It defines what a questionnaire is and describes the key steps: identifying topics, breaking topics into one idea per statement, constructing questions, and validating the questionnaire. Types of questions are discussed, including closed-ended and open-ended questions. Guidelines are provided for writing clear, unbiased questions and administering questionnaires to validate them before finalizing. The overall goal is to obtain relevant information to address the research aim through a validated questionnaire.
A needs analysis involves collecting information about learners' needs, wants, and requirements from different stakeholders. It can be formal or informal. Common methods include surveys, interviews, and test scores. The information is used to define goals and objectives to guide lesson planning. An example describes how two teachers conducted an informal needs analysis on the first day but realized their survey was too complex. They adapted to an impromptu analysis using drawings to identify key needs of speaking and listening.
NurseReview.Org - Study Skills and Test Strategies for the New Nursing StudentNurse ReviewDotOrg
The document provides strategies and tips for nursing students to effectively study, take tests, and manage stress and anxiety around exams. It discusses different learning styles, note-taking techniques, time management, critical thinking, Bloom's taxonomy, and approaches to multiple choice, true/false, essay and open book tests. The key strategies emphasized include developing a study plan, using objectives to guide learning, applying critical thinking and the nursing process to study, and maintaining a positive mindset to overcome test anxiety.
The document discusses the importance of the research design and methodology chapter of a thesis. It explains that this chapter describes the structure and reasoning behind the investigations, not just the procedures. It should justify the choice of methods by explaining how the literature influenced the decisions. The methodology explains the theoretical lenses and hypotheses while the methods chapter details the procedures in a replicable way with enough detail. Both chapters require defending and justifying the choices made in the research design.
1) Dr. (Mrs.) Shamanthakamani Narendran has obtained several academic qualifications including an M.B.B.S, D.C.H., M.D. in Pediatrics, M.A. degrees in Kannada and Philosophy, a diploma in Journalism, and a Ph.D. in Yoga Science.
2) She has received several honors and awards for her work in fields like pediatrics, yoga therapy, and women's health.
3) Dr. Narendran has authored and published numerous books and articles on topics related to childcare, health, and yoga. She also regularly broadcasts radio and television programs on these topics
Children today face increased stress even at a young age, which can impact their personality development and later coping abilities. Yoga practices like pranayama (breathing exercises), asanas (postures), trataka (concentration), relaxation, and meditation can help children manage and reduce stress and tension. These yoga techniques calm the mind, improve focus and concentration, increase strength and flexibility, and promote relaxation and stress relief in children. Specific yoga poses, breathing exercises, and meditation techniques are described that are appropriate and beneficial for children.
Nadis are the channels in the subtle body that carry prana or vital energy. There are 101 main nadis that connect at points called chakras. The document discusses the five main pranas, types of nadis like ida, pingala and sushumna, how nadis are purified, functions like carrying life force energy, and diagnosis of diseases through nadi pulse reading. Nadi therapy involves massage and activating parts of the body to relieve pain and stimulate muscles and blood circulation.
Swara yoga is the science of understanding the union of breath vibrations. It deals with the interaction between cosmic rhythms and individual breath patterns. Breath links the individual body to the cosmic body. Swara yoga emphasizes how the first and last breaths activate certain elements that influence one's life and reincarnation. It differs from pranayama in that it manipulates breath rhythms rather than controlling breath. Practicing swara yoga can attune one to natural rhythms and achieve self-awareness.
This document discusses women's health issues and how yoga can help address them. It notes that women face significant health impacts from biological and gender-related differences. It then lists several common female disorders that are on the rise like menstrual disorders, arthritis, osteoporosis, and cancer. The document recommends lifestyle changes like a high protein diet and minimal processed foods. It advocates the three principles of yoga - relax the body, slow down the breath, and calm the mind. Specific yoga practices are suggested to strengthen the pelvic floor and support care of the unborn child.
The document discusses key concepts in child development including heredity, genes, temperament, environment, attachment theory, and motor/emotional milestones in infancy. It covers how physical and personality traits are transmitted from parents to children, the influence of nature and nurture, theories of attachment and emotional development in infants, and typical motor development milestones. Figures and studies are referenced to illustrate concepts like the Mozart effect, infant imitation, motor skill progression, and more.
The document discusses evidence from Vedic literature that suggests a fetus can hear and respond to external stimuli. It provides three examples: 1) Pigeon eggs in a cave that heard Shiva and became immortal. 2) Sage Ashtavakra, who learned the Vedas in the womb and corrected his father. 3) Abhimanyu, who learned to enter but not exit the Chakravyuha formation by overhearing his father in the womb. The document argues this supports the concept of a fetus's awareness before birth.
The document discusses anxiety in children and adolescents. It describes the differences between depressed mood versus a depressive episode, and lists the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode. It also discusses irritable mood and the various conditions it could indicate. The document provides information on generalized anxiety disorder, including prevalence, genetics, neurotransmitters involved, and treatment options. It covers specific phobias and social phobia, including diagnostic criteria, prevalence, etiology, and treatment.
Sravana shakthi hearing disorders in childrenShama
Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions, affecting over 19 million Americans. However, approximately three out of five older adults and six out of seven middle-aged adults with hearing loss do not use hearing aids. The document discusses the importance of hearing for development, various causes and types of hearing loss, methods for screening and assessing hearing loss, and treatment options such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and assistive listening devices.
Cell phone use on child development and behaviorShama
The document discusses the effects of increased technology and cell phone use on child development. It notes that critical motor and sensory milestones are being missed in children, impacting academic performance. There is also an increasing incidence of childhood behavioral and psychological disorders. Research suggests cell phone radiation may increase risks of brain cancer and dementia. Studies show children absorb more radiation than adults from cell phones. Technology overuse is linked to developmental delays, attention issues, obesity, and sleep problems in children. Prescriptions of psychotropic drugs for children have also tripled in recent decades. The document calls for reducing children's screen time and increasing physical activity and human interaction to support healthy development.
The document provides information about yoga practices during pregnancy organized by trimester. The first trimester focuses on stress reduction and avoiding dynamic poses due to risk of abortion. The second trimester emphasizes establishing a steady yoga practice as the fetus' organs develop. The third trimester prepares the mother for labor by continuing asanas and adding relaxation poses. Practices include breathing, loosening, asanas, pranayama, meditation, and techniques for labor and postpartum.
Breathing problems are very common in children, usually due to viral infections like coughs, colds, wheezing and asthma. For mild to moderate issues, keeping the child comfortable with warmth, hydration and paracetamol is usually sufficient. More severe symptoms like rapid breathing, fever and not drinking require medical attention. Proper treatment depends on assessing the specific problem, age of the child and response to initial treatments like bronchodilators and steroids.
Insulin resistance occurs when cells become insensitive to insulin and the body produces more insulin to help cells use glucose. A diet high in carbohydrates can cause this over time. Insulin resistance leads the body to store sugar as fat rather than use it for energy, slowing metabolism. It also causes excessive insulin and glucose in the bloodstream, accelerating aging and increasing risks of diseases like heart disease. Symptoms include inability to lose weight despite dieting, fatigue, and health issues related to high blood sugar, cholesterol, or blood pressure.
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) in childrenShama
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in infants and children and refers to the involuntary passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. GER becomes GERD when it causes symptoms or complications. Common symptoms in infants include frequent vomiting, irritability, and failure to thrive. Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms and history, though tests like pH probes and endoscopy may be used in some cases. Treatment focuses on positioning, thickening feeds, medications, and rarely surgery to reinforce the antireflux barrier.
The document discusses common myths and barriers about breastfeeding. It asserts that nearly all mothers can produce enough breast milk as long as they breastfeed often, stay hydrated, and eat a nutritious diet. Breast milk alone provides all the nutrients babies need and does not cause illnesses like diarrhea. The barriers to breastfeeding mentioned include tiredness, concerns about passing on illness, lack of knowledge, and perceptions that it takes too much time away from work.
Understanding and Interpreting Teachers’ TPACK for Teaching Multimodalities i...Neny Isharyanti
Presented as a plenary session in iTELL 2024 in Salatiga on 4 July 2024.
The plenary focuses on understanding and intepreting relevant TPACK competence for teachers to be adept in teaching multimodality in the digital age. It juxtaposes the results of research on multimodality with its contextual implementation in the teaching of English subject in the Indonesian Emancipated Curriculum.
Beginner's Guide to Bypassing Falco Container Runtime Security in Kubernetes ...anjaliinfosec
This presentation, crafted for the Kubernetes Village at BSides Bangalore 2024, delves into the essentials of bypassing Falco, a leading container runtime security solution in Kubernetes. Tailored for beginners, it covers fundamental concepts, practical techniques, and real-world examples to help you understand and navigate Falco's security mechanisms effectively. Ideal for developers, security professionals, and tech enthusiasts eager to enhance their expertise in Kubernetes security and container runtime defenses.
How to Add Colour Kanban Records in Odoo 17 NotebookCeline George
In Odoo 17, you can enhance the visual appearance of your Kanban view by adding color-coded records using the Notebook feature. This allows you to categorize and distinguish between different types of records based on specific criteria. By adding colors, you can quickly identify and prioritize tasks or items, improving organization and efficiency within your workflow.
No, it's not a robot: prompt writing for investigative journalismPaul Bradshaw
How to use generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Gemini to generate story ideas for investigations, identify potential sources, and help with coding and writing.
A talk from the Centre for Investigative Journalism Summer School, July 2024
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan ChartMohit Tripathi
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Split Shifts From Gantt View in the Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo allows users to split long shifts into multiple segments directly from the Gantt view.Each segment retains details of the original shift, such as employee assignment, start time, end time, and specific tasks or descriptions.
Front Desk Management in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Front desk officers are responsible for taking care of guests and customers. Their work mainly involves interacting with customers and business partners, either in person or through phone calls.
Join educators from the US and worldwide at this year’s conference, themed “Strategies for Proficiency & Acquisition,” to learn from top experts in world language teaching.
AI Risk Management: ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, and ISO/IEC 23894PECB
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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Training: ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
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3. Research is an active, diligent and systematic process of inquiry in order to discover, interpret or revise facts, events, behaviours, or theories, or to make practical applications with the help of such facts, laws or theories. The term "research" is also used to describe the collection of information about a particular subject.
4. Research means a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge. Activities which meet this definition constitute research for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some demonstration and service programs may include research activities.
5. A careful hunting for facts or truth about a subject; inquiry; investigation. Scientific/technical research and development of new production processes or products, coupled with analysis and measures that provide information to potential users regarding the application of the new product or process; demonstration tests the feasibility of applying these products or processes via pilot plants and other pre-commercial applications.
6. The way in which the data are collected for the research project. All of the techniques, methods and procedures adopted in terminology work to carry out terminology research. DEFINITIONS OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
7. Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Objectives Review of the Literature Topic or problem area Theory area Methodology Methodology Subjects Design Data Collection COMPONENTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL Data Analysis Bibliography Timetable
8. Brief description of topic In a paragraph or so, explain the topic you plan to explore for your literature review. Include a tentative title of your paper to bring greater focus to your topic. Rationale and significance Answer the question: "Why should I care?" Why is the topic you have chosen important to you? Research Questions To guide your literature search, what questions do you intend to answer. (One to three questions seem to provide maximum guidance, although, feel free to ask more if necessary.)
9. Tentative organization The organization of your literature review will in many ways depend upon your topic. Indeed, your outline may change dramatically by the time you turn in a final copy of the proposal. However, creating a general outline at this point can help focus your research efforts. A general outline will also help your instructor provide feedback.
10. Connection to Leadership Since your research paper should focus on systemic issues of leadership and not focus primarily on C&I (Curriculum and Instruction) (which is related primarily to classroom teaching/pedagogy), how will your research paper be substantively related to educational leadership?
12. HOW TO DO RESEARCH Identify an area for study which matches your competence. Discuss with experts about the avenines open for investigation. Identify a narrow area and a specific problem in it. Start a survey of the relevant literature, preferably with a review article. Literature survey can be manual or with a machine.
13. Manual survey is done by cross-referencing from article to article. Machine survey is through on-line data search. Both serve the same purpose, but the machine helps in saving time. Make notes of all papers and articles you refer. Literature survey helps in focussing on a specific research problem.
14. DESIGN THE RESEARCH STUDY What is the objective? What do you want to prove or disprove? What instrumentation is needed? If you do not have it, can you afford to buy it? If you have it, what is it you want to measure? Is the instrumentation reliable? Has it been calibrated? How often does it need to be calibrated and if so by what method?
15. How do you choose the control group and the experimental group? Do you need anybody else’s help and if so is it available? Are there any other groups in the world working on similar problems? If so how do you build contact?
16. Work out a time-frame for the research study. You may not be able to adhere to it, but at least it tells you what you wanted to do. Keep a diary of all measurements and observations on a daily basis. Do not trust your memory. It may play tries on you! Enter all data and observations in your PC/floppy/thumb file/CD and keep it with you. Numerical calculations can be done faster on a machine than manually.
17. M E A S U R I N G T H I N G S D A T A C O L L E C T I O N
18. MEASURING THINGS DATA COLLECTION Questionnaires Interviews Observation(s) Measurements
19. Questionnaires 2 times. Administered by trained interviewers. Self-administered. The former are considered (here) as STRUCTURED interviews.
20. Info elicited from a questionnaire gives/covers : [ What people __________. ] Attitudes “______ say they want” Behavior “_______ do” Beliefs “_______ think is true” Attributes “_______ are” There may be areas of overlap & other areas as well.
21. TYPES OF QUESTIONS Closed Open Organizational Dichotomous Scaled Check-list Funnel Filter Grid Ranking Freedom in way of responding The nature of the expected answer is indicated Responses are built up based on the first response
22. CLOSED QUESTIONS Answers are (to be) in a specified format. -- Dichotomous two options YES/NO Main disadvantage – does not allow ‘shades of grey’ Eg. Has your ailment been treated (/managed) with yoga therapy? VERSUS Do you feel there is an improvement in your condition following yoga? Here wording of the questionnaire allows ‘ shades of grey ’
23. SCALED A scale is provided and the response is scaled. Do you take care to eat a healthful diet? OR Please show which (of the faces) indicates your mood? Always Sometimes Never
24. CHECK LIST MULTIPLE CHOICE Respondents are asked to tick [ ] one out of many choices – sometimes one/more. Eg. Why did you choose yoga therapy? No other option – nothing else has worked! Your doctor suggested it Read about it and felt curious You know the importance of Mind-Body medicine today. [ Usually, no right or wrong ]
25. GRID / MATRIX More than one cell may have to be filled in, as relevant. Eg. Which of the following do you practice? MEDITATION KRIYAS PRANAYAMA ASANAS How many min(s)/day Tick if you practice
26. RANKING Subjects are asked to rank a list of things Eg. Arrange the following practices based on the amount of relaxation you feel, after them: Most / Midway / Least Cyclic meditation Bhramari (Py) “ OM” meditation Breathing exercises
27. OPEN QUESTIONS “Describe how you feel _________” Open questions are descriptive (a qualitative method of research) Organizational questions These questions Build on a response FUNNEL Direct the response FILTER
28. Which department do you work in? How many people work in that department? How long have you been working in that department? FUNNEL Do you practice yoga? [ If ‘YES,’ go to 2; If ‘NO,’ go to 3 ] How long have you been practicing? Do you practice any technique, thought to increase relaxation? FILTER Directs responses ?
29. What type of questionnaires are these : go back to 3 EXERCISE Which of the following symptoms do you have: What did you feel after practicing CM? Do you plan to return to PSK for a yoga therapy followup? Wheezing Shortness of breath How often/day Present ( ) or Not ( )
30. Best / Midway / Least How do you enjoy spending your free time? Walking Reading, watching TV Playing sports Sleeping (!) If yes go to (3), if no to (2) 1. Did you enjoy practicing CM? Have you found any other practice enjoyable? Have you felt a similar enjoyment with any other practice?
31. Hypothetical : [eg. Imagine that you are stranded on a desert island?] Difficult to imagine, may irritate. Hearsay [eg. What do you think X feels------?] Highbrow / intellectual. Long, rambling. Types of questions to avoid – differ based on the group / experimental setting
32. Check whether it is appropriate? A questionnaire is useful to cover large nos. Not for smaller nos. and in depth info. Characteristics of respondents. Define your domain [identify the research topic] When you design a questionnaire how do you ensure a good response rate ? Literacy ‘ First’ language (‘mother tongue) Failing eye sight
33. Presentation and layout? [eg. Is there enough space provided?] Instructions (as clear as possible) Other info [?] eg. To whom do I return the filled in questionnaire? eg. What is the purpose and applications of the study? 7. Distribution, followup [minimum length of time to return a questionnaire may be 2 wks]
34. Checking questions Results rendered in accurate: [ Ask same questions in a different way – two negatives ? ! ] Order / Position Where responses are scaled 20% of respondents use the middle category [ vary order / position ] How do you ensure that useful info is elicited
35. Differ for quantitative ques. (Even) open / qualitative can be analyzed: Which of the following do you enjoy? Logic and reasoning games Painting Playing a song based on written notes Learning formulae Right brain Left brain Check Analysis
36. Are ques. Understood? Are ques. Interpreted similarly? Reliability consistency on retest. Validity – how closely does it measure what it intended? <Reliability and validity to be detailed> Check accuracy Check reliability and validity
37. Access to large numbers. Data from closed ques. easy to analyze with statistics Advantages of questionnaires Low response rate 40% Insensitive to complex issues Questionnaire designing is complex and time consuming Disadvantages of questionnaires
38. An interview is a kind of conversation – a conversation with a purpose Face-to-face interviews allow you to observe nonverbal communication Interviews give more depth info (& hence more data !) than a quest. – which do you need? Interviews Structured Unstructured Telephone Types of Interviews Semi-structured Focus groups
40. Organize data Pictorially / Graphically Tabulate, before tabulation you may need to do Descriptive statistics ANALYZING DATA Bar / Column graphs Data curves Histograms Frequency polygons Pie diagrams Scatter grams Pict urograms Measures of central tendency Measures of dispersion
41. Usually tables contain RAW (= unprocessed) data with measures of central tendency & of dispersion. eg. Table : Memory scores in two groups On days 1 and 30 SD x D30 D1 Age Name D30 D1 Age Name CONTROL GROUP YOGA GROUP Sl. No.
42. Hypotheses may predict A relationship between 27 variables. The relationship to be either a difference / correlation and states the direction of the relationship. Inferential statistics go ---- further and test Hypotheses The direction Two (bi) One (uni)
43. Issues around research design Issues around TYPE of DATA Deciding on a test – inferential statistics Issues around research design eg. The experiment is to determine which instructions are easier to remember ( SHORT or LONG ) LEVELS The IV = instruction length The IV has 2 conditions or levels Short or Long
44. VARIANTS The IV may also have >2 levels = Short / Medium / Long There may be >1 IV 2 There may be two treatments for mobility in children (Treatment A) (Treatment B) This gives a 2 x 2 design Adult Children Trt B Trt A group
45. Possibilities Different subject design (RCT, Xover, etc.) Same subject (Subject ) < Different subject design > Reduces the risk of ORDER effects Outcome influenced by several inter – individual variables. < Same subject design > Reduces difficulties related to inter – individual differences Difficulty – ‘ORDER’ effects ALLOCATION OF SUBJETS
46. < Matched subject design > attempts to reduce both difficulties Main problem : How perfect can matching be? Issues around the nature of data 2 points of importance Levels of measurement Distribution & variation of data
47. Nominal eg. Males – 1 & females – 2 Ordinal arranged in order but not absolute eg. Runners 1, 2, 3. Interval arranged in order, equal intervals scale has no zero Ratio order, equal intervals, zero Levels of measurement are 4
48. 2 terms to be understood Normal distribution Homogeneity of variance Normal distribution refers to data in which the Mode Medium Mean Distribution & variation of data are the same
49. The bell shaped curve – normal distribution Z value = no. of standard deviations 95.5 99.7% 68.3 +3 +2 +1 -1 -2 -3
50. There is a statistical formula to determine if the distribution is homogenous / not (roughly homogeneity is where variability of scores in each condition are approx. same.) CI the interval for P where P is the population possessing a characteristic for eg. CI 95 = 0.501, 0.599 means we are 95% confident that the interval 0.501 – 0.599 includes P
51. Back to inferential stats taking into account factors. IN SUMMARY These points form the basis – choose inferential stats RESEARCH DESIGN TYPE OF DATA No. of conditions No. of IV Subject allocation Levels Nominal Ordinal Distribution of data Homogenous Non-homogenous Interval Ratio Diff subj Same subj Matched subjects
52. Parametric are so called because various assumptions are made about the parameters of data Parametric tests are selected for INFERENTIAL STATISTICS 2 types Parametric Non parametric Interval or ratio data essential condition Equal variance (both can be tested) Random – selected Non parametric Ordinal data & non homogenous distribution
53. SOME QUESTIONS TO ASK PARAMETRIC – MORE POWERFUL Hypothesis Design Data Differences? Correlations? Same? Matched? Different? No. of levels? No. of variables? Data Distribution? Variance
54. FLOW CHART LOOKING FOR DIFFERENCES SAME, MATCHED, DIFFERENT? Same / matched Different How many conditions? 2 3 or more Variance ? homogeneity Variance ? homogeneity Equal Not Not Equal Parametric related T test Non-parametric Wilcoxon test Fried man test One way ANOVA Schutte test
55. DIFFERENT SUBJECTS HOW MANY GROUPS 2 3 or more Variance ? homogeneity Variance ? homogeneity Equal Not Not Equal Parametric Unrelated T test Unparametric Chi-Square Mann-Whitney test Kruskal-Wallis test One way Unrelated ANOVA
56. Flow chart looking for correlations HOW MANY GROUPS 2 3 or more Variance ? homogeneity Variance ? homogeneity Equal Not Not Equal Person test Spearman test Kendall’s coefft of concordance No definite test
57. A no. or TEST STATISTIC is obtained. The test stats. is looked up standard tables ‘P’ or probability. Probability – smaller values suggest significance ( eg. P <0.05, <0.001 ) Why? If P>0.05 – there is a 95% chance that results are due to chance P<0.001 ( the results being due to chance VERY unlikely ) AFTER RUNNING A STATS TEST
58. For a one tailed test there is a specific % probability that the difference might occur by chance If the hypothesis makes a bidirectional prediction then there is DOUBLE the prob. that the difference might be by chance 1 value in 1 direction + 1 value in 2 direction
60. Graph a GK word meaning “ to be drawn or written ” Typically, a graph is a pictorial representation of data. GRAPHS MAY BE USED TO DISPLAY DATA
61. The first step – (two) axes one horizontal, other vertical Generally, the INDEPENDENT variable X axis or abscissa and DEPENDENT variable Y axis or ordinate Y axis ordinate X axis abscissa Abscissa Ordinate Categories of the variable (yoga, control groups) Frequency or relative frequency
62. Dependent – influenced Dependent – on the independent variables Hence a group clearly demonstrates relation between dependent variable & independent variable EDUCATION AND INCOME Income Education level (no. of years)
63. Bar graphs Data curves Scattergrams Graphing frequency distributions Histograms Frequency polygons Pie diagram Picturograms TYPES