Research is the systematic efforts of gathering, analyzing & interpreting the problems confronted by humanity.
this ppt contains following points :-
Meaning of research
Characteristics of Research
Objectives of Research
Motivation in Research
Importance of Research
Types of Research
Research Process
Difference Between Research Methods & Research Methodology
Meaning of Business Research
Role of Business Research
Factors Affecting Business Research
Research design and types of research design final pptPrahlada G
This document discusses research design. It defines research design as the conceptual framework for a research study that includes plans for data collection, measurement, and analysis. The main components of a research design are outlined, including the problem statement, literature review, objectives, methodology, and data analysis plan. Four common types of research designs are explored in more detail: exploratory, descriptive, experimental, and quasi-experimental. Key principles of experimental design like replication, randomization, and local control are also summarized.
In this ppt you can find the materials regarding Significance of Research/Importance of Research
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The document outlines the major and minor objectives of research. The major objectives are to gain new insights into phenomena, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, determine the frequency of occurrences, discover truths and facts, and test hypotheses of relationships between variables. The minor objectives are to seek knowledge, find solutions to problems through systematic methods, gain research degrees and benefits, face challenges, and be of service to society.
The document discusses research design and provides details on different types of research designs. It begins by defining research design and outlines the key decisions that must be made, including what, where, when, how much, and how data will be collected and analyzed. It then discusses different types of research designs for exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis-testing studies. Specific methods for qualitative and quantitative research designs are also outlined.
Research methods refer to the tools and techniques used to undertake a research study, such as surveys, interviews, experiments, etc. Research methodology is the systematic approach and justification for using specific research methods. It ensures accurate and valid conclusions by clarifying the logic and reasons for choosing certain methods over others. Research methods are employed later in the research process to find solutions, while research methodology guides the initial process to determine the most appropriate methods.
The document outlines 7 criteria for good scientific research:
1. The purpose and concepts should be clearly defined.
2. The research procedures should be described in detail so others can repeat the work.
3. The design should plan for objective results.
4. Any flaws in the design or their effects should be reported honestly.
It also lists 4 key qualities of good research: it is systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable.
The document discusses research methodology and defines research. It provides examples of what constitutes research and what does not. Research is defined as a systematic, logical process that includes understanding the problem, reviewing literature, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and generalizing findings. The document also discusses types of research questions, purposes of research, and common challenges in conducting research.
This document discusses various sampling designs and their characteristics. It describes probability sampling designs like simple random sampling which gives every unit an equal chance of selection. It also describes non-probability sampling designs like purposive sampling which involves deliberately choosing units. Specific probability designs discussed include systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, area sampling, and multi-stage sampling.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on types of research given by Manoj Patel. It defines research and lists its main objectives as extending knowledge, revealing hidden facts, generalizing laws, and verifying existing theories and facts. The presentation then describes several common types of research, including descriptive and analytical research, applied and fundamental research, quantitative and qualitative research, conceptual and empirical research, and others. It provides examples to illustrate the differences between each type.
This document discusses research design and different types of research designs. It defines research design as the conceptual structure and plan for conducting research to answer research questions. The main types of research designs covered are exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and experimental. Exploratory design is used when little is known about a topic to discover variables and relationships. Descriptive design aims to describe phenomena by observing behaviors. Diagnostic design involves problem identification and finding causes. Experimental design tests hypotheses by manipulating variables and measuring outcomes. The document provides details on each design type, including their purposes and methodologies.
This document discusses the process of formulating hypotheses. It begins by defining hypothesis formulation as creating possible tentative explanations for a given set of information or research. It then outlines the two contexts in which hypotheses are formulated - the context of discovery, where hypotheses emerge from prior research, and the context of justification, where researchers communicate their hypotheses. The document proceeds to list the six steps in formulating a hypothesis: 1) understanding the problem area, 2) considering the goal, 3) identifying variables, 4) identifying relationships between variables, 5) critically thinking about the hypothesis, and 6) expressing the idea as a hypothesis. Finally, it notes that properly formulating hypotheses can be difficult.
The document discusses different aspects of research design including what research design is, its key components, and types of research design. It defines research design as the arrangement of conditions for collecting and analyzing data to combine relevance to the research purpose with efficient procedures. The main components of research design discussed are sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. It also outlines features of a good research design and key concepts like dependent and independent variables, extraneous variables, control, and research hypotheses. Finally, it discusses research design for exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis-testing research studies.
Research Methodology Introduction ch1
MEANING OF RESEARCH, OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH,TYPES OF RESEARCH,Research Approaches ,Research Methods versus Methodology,research process guideline:
This document defines and describes different types of research. It discusses research purposes including exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research. It also covers research uses in basic and applied contexts. The time dimension of cross-sectional and longitudinal research is outlined. Finally, it details quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques.
Steps of Writing a Research Proposal
Most proposals should contain at least these elements:
Title Page
-1st Step : Introduction
-2nd Step : Review of Related Literature
-3rd Step : Research Design
-4th Step : Data Analysis & Expected Findings
-5th Step : Reference list or bibliography
-6th Step : Budget & Expected Schedule
Research involves systematically investigating problems through an open-minded search for knowledge. The research process consists of 7 steps: (1) defining the research problem, (2) reviewing relevant literature, (3) formulating testable hypotheses, (4) designing the research methodology, (5) collecting data, (6) analyzing the data, and (7) interpreting the findings and reporting results. Following these steps in order helps ensure effective and rigorous research.
The document outlines key aspects of research methodology including:
1. The objectives of research such as defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, and testing conclusions.
2. The different types of research including descriptive, applied, quantitative, conceptual, empirical, qualitative, fundamental, and analytical research.
3. The methods of collecting data including primary methods like questionnaires, observations, interviews, and schedules and secondary methods of collecting published and unpublished data from various sources.
QUEENS COLLEGE BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptxAsegidHmeskel
This document outlines the key steps in the research process:
1. Formulating the research problem by precisely defining the issue to be studied and determining its significance.
2. Conducting an extensive literature review to understand previous work.
3. Developing testable hypotheses to address the research problem.
4. Designing the research methodology including sampling, data collection methods, and data analysis.
5. Collecting and analyzing data to test the hypotheses.
6. Interpreting the findings, conclusions, and limitations to determine how the research adds to knowledge.
The overall goal is to systematically investigate an issue to produce generalizable answers.
This document provides information on the course "Research Methodology and Intellectual Property Rights" including the course objectives, outcomes, and modules. The course objectives are to understand research basics, literature reviews, citations, and ethics in engineering research. It also covers intellectual property rights concepts. The first module introduces research meaning, objectives, types, and ethics.
The document provides information on research design, including its meaning, parts, characteristics, needs, and types. It defines research design as a blueprint or plan for conducting a study that minimizes bias and maximizes reliability of data collection and analysis. The key parts of a research design include the sampling, observational, statistical, and operational designs. Characteristics of a good research design include objectivity, reliability, validity, and generalizability of findings. Research design helps reduce inaccuracy, improve efficiency, and guide the research process. The document discusses different types of research designs for exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis testing studies.
This document outlines the objectives and content of a research methodology course. The course covers key concepts of research including types of research, qualities of researchers, and statistical analysis tools. It is divided into 5 units: research fundamentals, data collection methods, statistical analysis, statistical applications, and research reports. The objectives are to introduce students to management information needs, the scientific research process, and statistical data analysis techniques.
This document outlines the objectives and content of a research methodology course. The course aims to enable students to understand the information needs of management, introduce scientific research methods, and statistical data analysis tools. The 5 units cover topics like research components, data collection methods, statistical analysis techniques, statistical applications, and structuring research reports. Key concepts discussed include the meaning of research, objectives of research, qualitative and quantitative approaches, descriptive vs analytical research, and important qualities of researchers.
This document outlines the objectives and content of a research methodology course. The course aims to enable students to understand the information needs of management, introduce scientific research methods, and statistical data analysis tools. The 5 units cover topics like research components, data collection methods, statistical analysis techniques, statistical applications, and structuring research reports. Key aspects discussed include the meaning of research, objectives of research, qualitative and quantitative approaches, types of research, and qualities of a good researcher.
This document outlines the objectives and content of a research methodology course. The course aims to enable students to understand the information needs of management, introduce scientific research methods, and statistical data analysis tools. The 5 units cover topics like research components, data collection methods, statistical analysis techniques, statistical applications, and structuring research reports. Key aspects discussed include the meaning of research, objectives of research, qualitative and quantitative approaches, types of research, and qualities of a good researcher.
This document discusses research, objectives of research, and qualities of a good researcher. It defines research as investigation aimed at increasing human knowledge. The main objectives of research are to discover new truths and answer questions systematically. Good researchers are oriented toward research, efficient, scientific, effective, resourceful, creative, honest, and economical. The document also distinguishes between research methods, research methodology, and the scientific method. Research methods are techniques for collecting, analyzing, and checking data, while research methodology is the study of appropriate research procedures.
Part A- Research – Meaning, Scope and Significance, Type of Research, Research process, Characteristics of good research, Scientific method,
Part B- Research Design- Concept and importance of research design, Qualitative and quantitative research.
Part C- Exploratory research-Concept, Types, and uses. Descriptive research- Concept, Types, and uses.
Part D- Experimental research design. Concepts of independent and dependent variables.
The document provides an overview of research methodology concepts for business research. It discusses various stages of the research process including formulating the research problem, literature review, developing hypotheses, research design, data collection and analysis, and reporting findings. It also defines different types of research such as descriptive research, causal research, and exploratory research. Additionally, it outlines criteria for good research, challenges in research, and the role of research in business decision making.
This document discusses research, including the definition of research, objectives of research, and the research process. It defines research as a scientific investigation into a problem to find solutions. The objectives of research are listed as gaining familiarity with a phenomenon, accurately portraying characteristics of a situation or group, finding solutions to problems, and testing hypotheses. The research process involves defining the problem, literature review, hypothesis formulation, research design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and hypothesis testing. Data collection methods and types are also discussed.
This document outlines the key steps and concepts in the research methods process. It discusses (1) defining the research problem, which involves understanding the nature of the problem and formulating clear research objectives; (2) conducting a literature review to understand previous work; (3) developing hypotheses; (4) designing the research methodology; (5) determining sampling methods; (6) collecting primary and secondary data; (7) analyzing the data and testing hypotheses; (8) interpreting findings and generalizing results; and (9) preparing the final research report. The overall goal is to systematically investigate an issue, analyze collected information, and draw objective conclusions to address the stated research problem.
The document outlines the key steps in the research process:
1) Establish the need for research and define the problem.
2) Conduct an extensive literature review to understand previous work.
3) Formulate clear research objectives and questions.
4) Determine an appropriate research design including data collection methods.
5) Collect, analyze, and interpret the data to draw conclusions and answer the research questions.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and lists its key characteristics, including being systematic, objective, and focused on solving problems. The document outlines different types of research such as descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, and quantitative vs qualitative. It also discusses research objectives, criteria for good research, and common motivations for conducting research such as the desire to solve problems or gain new knowledge. Different stages of the research process are briefly introduced as well.
This document discusses various aspects of research including definitions, objectives, types, methods, and processes. It defines research as a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control observed phenomena. The objectives of research are to gain insights, describe characteristics, determine frequencies of occurrences, and test hypotheses. Key methods discussed include quantitative and qualitative research, observation techniques, questionnaires, and research design. It also outlines the steps in the research process from defining the problem to interpreting results.
Mba604 course materials lecture (RESERCH METHODOLOGY BY NTANSI MAX)balanjo elvis berinyuy
This document provides an overview of research methodology topics presented by Ntangsi Max Memfih. The key points covered include:
- Defining research, methodology, and the basic steps of conducting research using a problem-solving approach.
- Discussing scientific inquiry, including the characteristics of scientific methods and different models of scientific inquiry.
- Explaining the first step of research as problem identification, including determining a well-defined general problem and expressing it clearly.
The document provides information on fundamental aspects of research methodology taught across multiple lecture sessions.
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2. CONTENT :
• Meaning of research
• Characteristics of Research
• Objectives of Research
• Motivation in Research
• Importance of Research
• Types of Research
• Research Process
• Difference Between Research Methods & Research Methodology
• Meaning of Business Research
• Role of Business Research
• Factors Affecting Business Research
3. MEANING OF RESEARCH
Research is the systematic efforts of gathering,
analysing & interpreting the problems confronted
by humanity.
It is a thinking process and scientific method of
studying a problem and finding solution.
“A systematized efforts to gain
new knowledge”
4. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
It is a systematic & critical investigation into a
phenomenon.
It adopts scientific method.
It is objective & logical.
It is based on empirical evidence.
It is directed towards finding answers to question &
solution to problems.
It is not mere compilation of facts.
It emphasis the generalization theories and principles.
5. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
Purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the
application of scientific procedure.
Main aim of research is to find the truth which is hidden and which
has not been discovered as yet.
Objectives of Research can be grouped under following heads :-
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new
insights into it.
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular
individual situation or a group.
3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or
with which it is associated with something else.
4. To test a hypothesis of a casual relationship between variables.
6. MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH
What makes people to undertake research?
1. Desire to get a research degree along with its benefits.
2. Desire to face the challenge in the solving the unsolved Problem.
3. Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work.
4. Desire to be of service to Society.
5. Desire to get respectability.
However, this is not an exhaustive list of factors motivating people to
undertake research studies. Many more factors such as directives of
government, employment conditions, curiosity about new things,
desire to understand causal relationships, social thinking and
awakening, and the like may as well motivate people to perform
research operations
7. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
a. It helps in finding the solution.
b. To the students who are to write a PHD; it is a
careerism.
c. To Professionals in research methodology, research
means a source of livehood.
d. To Philosophers & thinkers research may mean the
outlet for new ideas and insights.
e. To literary man research means the development of
new styles & creative work.
f. To the intellectuals research mean the generalization of
new theories.
9. I. DESCRIPTIVE V/S ANALYTICAL :-
Descriptive research includes Surveys or fact-finding
enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of
descriptive research description of the state of affairs
as it exist at present. It also known as Ex-post facto
research.
For e.g.:- frequency of Shopping (Surveys)
On the other hand, in Analytical research, the
researcher has to use facts or information already
available & analyse this to make a critical evaluation,
of the material.
10. I. APPLIED V/S FUNDAMENTAL :-
Applied Research aims at finding a solution for
an immediate problem facing a society or an
organisation.
For e.g.:- Marketing Research
Fundamental Research is mainly concerned
with Generalization and with the formulation of
a theory. It is also known as pure research.
For e.g.:- Pure Mathematics
11. I. QUANTITATIVE V/S QUALITATIVE :-
Quantitative Research is based on the
measurement of quantity or amount.
Qualitative Research is specially important in the
behavioral sciences were the aim is to discover
the underlying motives of human behaviour.
For e.g.:- Motivation research.
12. I. CONCEPTUAL V/S EMPIRICAL :-
Conceptual Research is that related to some abstract
ideas for theory. It is generally used by philosophers and
thinkers to develop the new concepts or to interpret
existing ones.
On the other hand, Empirical Researches relies on
experiments or observation alone, often without due
regard for system of theory. It is data based research
coming up with conclusions which are capable of been
variable of observation and experiment.
13. RESEARCH PROCESS
Define the
problem
Review the
literature
Formulate
hypothesis
Design the
Research
Analysis Data Collect Data
Interpret &
Reports
FF
F
F
F
FF
Where, F = feed back (Helps in controlling the sub-system to which it is transmitted)
FF = feed forward (Serves the vital function of providing criteria for evaluation)
14. I. DEFINE THE PROBLEM :-
The first step of research process is to define the problem.
There are two types of research problem:-
i. Those which relates to state of nature
ii. Those which relates to relationship between variables.
Essentially two steps are involved in define research problems :-
a. Understanding the problem thoroughly.
b. Rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an point of
view.
15. II. REVIEW THE LITERATURE :-
Once the problem is define, a brief summary of it should
be written down. It is compulsory for a research worker
writing a thesis for a Ph.D. degree to write a synopsis of
topic and submit it to necessary committee or the research
board for approval.
16. III. FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS : -
The next step is to formulate hypothesis. It is tentative
assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical
or empirical consequences. Hypothesis should be very
specific and limited to the piece of research in hand
because it has to be tested.
The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by
delimiting the area of research and to keep him on the
right track.
17. IV. DESIGN THE RESEARCH :-
The research problem having been formulated in
clear cut terms, the researcher will be required to
prepare a research design, i.e., he will have to state
the conceptual structure within which research would
be conducted.
The function of research design is to provide for the
collection of relevant evidence with minimal
expenditure of effort, time and money.
Research purpose may be grouped into four categories,
i.e. (a). Exploration; (b). Description; (c). Diagnosis; (d).
Experimentation.
18. V. COLLECT THE DATA :-
The next step is to collect the data.
There are several ways to collect the data are :-
1. By Observation
2. Through personal interview
3. Through telephone interview
4. By mailing of questionnaires
5. Through schedules
The researcher should select one of these methods of
collecting the data taking into consideration the nature of
investigation, objective and scope of the inquiry, financial
resources, available time and the desired degree of accuracy.
19. VI. ANALYSIS THE DATA :-
After the data have been collected, the researcher turns to the task
of analysing them. The analysis of data requires a number of
closely related operations such as establishment of categories, the
application of these categories to raw data through coding,
tabulation and then drawing statistical inferences.
20. VII. INTERPRET & REPORT
Research has to prepare the report of what has been done
by him.
Writing of report includes :-
1. The preliminary pages
2. The main text
3. The end matter
21. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESEARCH METHODS & RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
S.N
o.
Basis Research Methods Research Methodology
1. Meaning
It implies the methods
employed by researcher
to conduct research.
It is the way to systematically
solve the research problems.
2. What is it ?
Behavior and instrument
used in the selection and
construction of the
research technique.
Science of understanding,
how research is performed
methodically.
3. Encompasses
Carrying out experiment,
test, surveys and so on.
Study different techniques
which can be utilized in the
performance of experiment,
test, surveys etc.
4. Comprise of
Different investigation
techniques.
Entire strategy towards
achievement of objective.
5. Objective
To discover solution to
research problem.
To apply correct procedures
so as to determine solutions.
22. MEANING OF BUSINESS RESEARCH
Business research is described as the systematic
and objective procedure for producing
information for help in making business
decisions.
23. ROLE OF BUSINESS RESEARCH IN DECISION MAKING
There are different roles of business research in decision making :-
1. Production Management :- the research performs an important function in
product development, diversification, introducing a new product, product
improvement, process technologies, choosing a site, new investment etc.
2. Personnel Management : Research works well for job redesign, organization
restructuring, development of motivational strategies and organizational
development.
3. Marketing Management : Research performs an important part in choice and size
of target market, the consumer behavior with regards to attitudes, life style, and
influences of the target market. It is the primary tool in determining price policy,
selection of channel of distribution and development of sales strategies, product
mix, promotional strategies, etc.
4. Financial Management : Research can be useful for portfolio management,
distribution of dividend, capital raising, hedging and looking after fluctuations in
foreign currency and product cycles.
Materials Management: It is utilized in choosing the supplier, making the
decisions relevant to make or buy as well as in selecting negotiation strategies.
5. General Management : It contributes greatly in developing the standards,
objectives, long-term goals, and growth strategies.
24. FACTORS AFFECTING BUSINESS
RESEARCH
1. Time constraints
2. Availability of resources
3. Very expensive
4. Availability of data
5. Nature of information sought