The document discusses forecasting and management by objectives (MBO). It defines forecasting as predicting future conditions to guide activities and performance. Forecasting involves analyzing past and present data from internal and external sources. The importance of forecasting includes planning, coordination, control, and facing challenges. Limitations include assumptions and costs. MBO is a goal setting approach involving subordinates in consultation to relate individual performance to organizational goals. It aims to measure performance, foster growth, and enhance motivation. Limitations include problems setting goals and potential pressure.