The purpose of cost estimating is to find the cost of the manufacturing operations and to assist in setting the price for the product
Costing is the determination of an actual cost of a component after adding different expenses incurred in various departments
The abrasive jet can be used to cut any material. Even diamonds have been cut, using diamond dust as the abrasive.
Make all sort of shapes with only one tool.
Virtually no heat is generated in the work piece.
No mechanical stress.
Fast set up.
This document provides troubleshooting guidance for common air compressor issues. It lists various problems air compressors may experience such as failing to operate, excessive noise, knocking, insufficient pressure, oil consumption issues and more. For each problem, it identifies potential causes and recommended solutions to resolve the issue. The document serves as an informative guide for technicians to diagnose and repair air compressor faults.
Maintaenance and trouble shooting of hyd. systemGanesh Murugan
This document outlines standard maintenance practices for hydraulic systems, including periodically checking the oil level and filter, cleaning the suction strainer, changing the life filter element periodically, sampling the oil to check contamination, flushing the system after breakdowns, ensuring proper spare parts storage, not mixing different grades of oil, and checking seal compatibility with the oil. It also provides general preventive maintenance schedules for air compressors.
Electrical discharge machining is a non-traditional machining process that removes metal by using a series of electrical discharges between an electrode tool and a workpiece. Small particles of metal are melted and vaporized from the workpiece by the high temperature of the electric sparks. A dielectric fluid is continuously flushed between the tool and workpiece to carry away removed material and prevent overheating. Key factors in EDM include the current, voltage, spark gap distance, material removal rate, taper, and surface finish. It can machine any electrically conductive material regardless of hardness and produce complex, burr-free parts without mechanical contact or heat distortions.
This document discusses robotic manufacturing systems and robot work cells. It describes the basic components of a robot work cell including robots, production machinery, conveyors, and safety barriers. It also categorizes robot work cells based on the number of robots and robot positioning. Economic considerations for robotization like cost analysis, payback period, and return on investment methods are presented. Robot selection criteria such as accuracy, speed, payload, and cost are also discussed.
This document summarizes an energy audit conducted for CAHCET college. The audit identified various energy conservation methods that could be implemented, such as replacing lights with more efficient bulbs, installing insulation and making adjustments to air conditioning usage. It was estimated that these conservation methods could save over 45,000 units of electricity per year, equating to cost savings of over 160,000 rupees annually. This would reduce the college's electricity usage and costs by approximately 16.84% and 12.2% respectively. In conclusion, the energy audit provided recommendations to make the college's energy usage more efficient and achieve significant savings.
The document discusses various power transmission systems used in industrial robotics including gears, belts, chains, shafts, and motion conversion mechanisms. Gears can be classified as external/internal or spur/helical/bevel/worm and are used to transmit motion between shafts. Belts and chains are also used for power transmission over longer distances. Motion conversion systems like lead screws, rack and pinion, and cam mechanisms are used to convert between rotary and linear motion.
Hydraulic actuators convert hydraulic energy into mechanical motion and come in two types: linear actuators, which produce linear motion, and rotary actuators, which produce rotational motion. Linear actuators include single acting cylinders, double acting cylinders, and double rod cylinders. Rotary actuators include rotary vane actuators and rack and pinion actuators, which can be single or double cylinder designs.
NTTF Started in 1959 with Swiss Assistance and Created as a Trust in 1963 No Financial Equity from any one and no Dividend payout to any one Under Section 8, Company act and Not for Profit Organisation Fully Self Sustaining Model Any Surplus in Ploughed back to set up more training facility Focussed towards nation building through Human Resource Development
Features:
The organization gets the total man
Humanize the work i.e. Quality of work life is stressed and improved
Brings out extra-ordinary qualities from ordinary people
To display the human capabilities fully and eventually draw out infinite possibilities
Prepares the employer and employees to meet the challenges of the changing time and condition
The document provides safety guidelines for working in a workshop. It lists numerous hazards to avoid such as loose clothing that could get caught in machinery, long hair near moving parts, jewelry, unsafe speeds or feeds on machines, distractions, horseplay, and compressed air. It also recommends using proper safety equipment like goggles and following procedures like stopping machines before cleaning or oiling. Good housekeeping, clear walkways, and hazard identification are important to maintain a safe working environment.
The document provides information on fundamental hydraulic systems and their components. It discusses the basic principles and advantages of hydraulic systems over mechanical systems. It then describes the basic components of hydraulic systems including reservoirs, strainers, filters, accumulators, pressure gauges, flow meters, and pumps. It provides diagrams and explanations of how different types of hydraulic systems and components work.
5S is a method that uses five Japanese words which start with the letter S
Seiri – Sort
Seiton – Set in Order
Seiso – Shiny clean
Seiketsu – Standardized cleanup
Shitsuke - Sustain
Teams are more effective than individuals at accomplishing tasks. The document discusses the types, stages of development, and importance of team building for effective teams. It outlines common team types like task forces, problem-solving teams, and self-managed work teams. The stages of team development include forming, storming, norming, and performing. Team building activities help strengthen relationships, roles, values, and processes to enhance task accomplishment and productivity.
In Africa, about 70 percent of the population relies on domestic informal food markets for their daily sustenance. This highlights the urgent need to address food safety issues within this sector to protect public health and foster sustainable development.
Recognising this pressing need, the Africa Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD) and the African Union Commission’s Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA), in collaboration with the Food Safety for Africa (FS4Africa) and UP-RISE projects funded by the European Union, organised a timely and crucial webinar titled “Bridging Gaps in the Informal Sector” on 27 June 2024.
The webinar, which coincides with World Food Safety Day 2024 and its theme “Prepare for the Unexpected,” serves as a platform to raise awareness, facilitate knowledge-sharing, and foster collaborations among various stakeholders.
The primary objectives of the webinar are multifaceted. It aims to highlight the importance of food safety in Africa’s informal food sector and the role of the FS4Africa and UP-RISE projects in developing co-created solutions. Additionally, the webinar seeks to disseminate effective strategies and interventions, establishing networks to support the informal sector in improving food safety practices.
Overview Presentation 1: The Food Safety for Africa (FS4Africa) project - Dr. Titilayo Falade, Project Coordinator for Food Safety for Africa, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
NAPi Advocacy Meeting with the CEO FSSAI.pptxarunibfan
This is a presentation NAPi made to CEO FSSAI to ask for tweaks in FSS Act and Regulation to check misleading ads and warning label on unhealthy ultra processed food products High in Sugar Salt and Fats (HFSS)
Introduction to Meat Science and Technologyangelroseandoy
Include principles of meat science and technology, inspection, condemnation, HACCP system, grading and evaluation of meat and meat carcass, and poulty.
Best Biryani In Singapore with Old City Biryani PPT.pptxoldcitybiryanii
Singapore, known for its vibrant culinary scene, offers a plethora of dining experiences that cater to every palate. Among the diverse array of cuisines, one dish stands out for its rich flavors and cultural significance Biryani.
Monitoring Rangeland Degradation and its Dynamism in Pastoral Areas of Afar R...PriyankaKilaniya
Rangelands cover a significant portion of the world's land area, particularly in Africa, where they support the livelihoods of communities and contribute to national economies. However, rangeland degradation poses a significant environmental challenge globally, threatening ecosystem services and impacting food security, water availability, and resilience to climate change. In Ethiopia, rangeland degradation is a pressing issue, driven by factors such as overgrazing, deforestation, soil erosion, and climate change, which in turn affect vegetation cover, soil fertility, and biodiversity. This study analyses Rangeland cover changes in Afar pastoralist systems using Landsat satellite images from 2000 to 2020. This was done by downloading and processing Landsat images of 2000, 2010 and 2020. A supervised classification approach identified five land-use/cover classes, and results show significant changes in forest, grassland, bare land, cropland, and wetland areas over the two-decade period. Grassland areas declined drastically. The findings underscore the complexity of land use dynamics in the Afar region and highlight the need for holistic approaches integrating ecological conservation, sustainable land management, and community engagement to mitigate further degradation and preserve vital ecosystems. By addressing the complex drivers of land use change and adopting adaptive management strategies, stakeholders can work towards fostering resilience and promoting the long-term sustainability of the region's landscapes and livelihoods.
Efficient warehouse planning for electrical panel materials involves organizing and managing inventory to ensure timely availability, minimize waste, and optimize storage space for seamless production and maintenance processes.
Noodles are made using various types of flour, such as wheat, rice, and buckwheat, each contributing unique textures and flavors. The manufacturing process includes mixing, kneading, shaping, and drying to produce different noodle varieties.
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Food safety in the African informal sector - WFSD webinar.pptxFoodSafety4Africa
Food safety is a critical concern that significantly impacts human health, economic trade, and sustainable development worldwide. Each year, over 600 million people suffer from foodborne diseases, resulting in approximately 420,000 deaths, as reported by the World Health Organization. These figures are believed to be considerably underestimated, with populations in low- and middle-income countries bearing the brunt of this public health crisis due to inadequate food safety control systems. The World Bank estimates that these countries lose about USD 110 billion annually due to productivity losses and medical expenses stemming from foodborne illnesses.
In Africa, about 70 percent of the population relies on domestic informal food markets for their daily sustenance. This highlights the urgent need to address food safety issues within this sector to protect public health and foster sustainable development. Recognising this pressing need, the Africa Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD) and the African Union Commission’s Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA), in collaboration with the Food Safety for Africa (FS4Africa) and UP-RISE projects funded by the European Union, organised a timely and crucial webinar titled “Bridging Gaps in the Informal Sector” on 27 June 2024.
The webinar, which coincides with World Food Safety Day 2024 and its theme “Prepare for the Unexpected,” serves as a platform to raise awareness, facilitate knowledge-sharing, and foster collaborations among various stakeholders.
Presentation 4 – Food safety in the African informal sector – Dr. Delia Grace Randolph, Professor of Food Safety Systems, Natural Resources Institute, Joint Appointed Scientist ILRI
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Food Security vs Food Safety-Factors of Food Security.pptxKhush Bakhat Razzaq
Food Security is a challenging area that affects both the authorities and locals of any country or state. Food Safety is one of the many factors that plays role in ultimate status of food security.
In Africa, about 70 percent of the population relies on domestic informal food markets for their daily sustenance. This highlights the urgent need to address food safety issues within this sector to protect public health and foster sustainable development.
Recognising this pressing need, the Africa Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD) and the African Union Commission’s Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA), in collaboration with the Food Safety for Africa (FS4Africa) and UP-RISE projects funded by the European Union, organised a timely and crucial webinar titled “Bridging Gaps in the Informal Sector” on 27 June 2024.
The primary objectives of the webinar are multifaceted. It aims to highlight the importance of food safety in Africa’s informal food sector and the role of the FS4Africa and UP-RISE projects in developing co-created solutions. Additionally, the webinar seeks to disseminate effective strategies and interventions, establishing networks to support the informal sector in improving food safety practices.
Overview Presentation 2: The UP-RISE project – Prof. Sarah De
Saeger, Project Coordinator for UPRISE and Director of the Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, University of Ghent
Menthol is a widely used organic compound known for its distinctive minty taste and cooling sensation. It is utilized in various products, including pharmaceuticals, food, beverages, and cosmetics. Derived from peppermint or other mint oils, menthol can also be synthetically produced. This report delves into the menthol production process, examining the manufacturing techniques, raw material costs, and the latest developments in the industry.
The Versatility and Benefits of Chana.pdfCentury Foods
Chana, also known as chickpeas, is a versatile legume with significant cultural and culinary importance in many parts of the world, including Nepal. Chana recipe is a staple in many diets due to its high nutritional value and adaptability in various dishes.