The purpose of cost estimating is to find the cost of the manufacturing operations and to assist in setting the price for the product
Costing is the determination of an actual cost of a component after adding different expenses incurred in various departments
The abrasive jet can be used to cut any material. Even diamonds have been cut, using diamond dust as the abrasive.
Make all sort of shapes with only one tool.
Virtually no heat is generated in the work piece.
No mechanical stress.
Fast set up.
This document provides troubleshooting guidance for common air compressor issues. It lists various problems air compressors may experience such as failing to operate, excessive noise, knocking, insufficient pressure, oil consumption issues and more. For each problem, it identifies potential causes and recommended solutions to resolve the issue. The document serves as an informative guide for technicians to diagnose and repair air compressor faults.
Maintaenance and trouble shooting of hyd. systemGanesh Murugan
This document outlines standard maintenance practices for hydraulic systems, including periodically checking the oil level and filter, cleaning the suction strainer, changing the life filter element periodically, sampling the oil to check contamination, flushing the system after breakdowns, ensuring proper spare parts storage, not mixing different grades of oil, and checking seal compatibility with the oil. It also provides general preventive maintenance schedules for air compressors.
Electrical discharge machining is a non-traditional machining process that removes metal by using a series of electrical discharges between an electrode tool and a workpiece. Small particles of metal are melted and vaporized from the workpiece by the high temperature of the electric sparks. A dielectric fluid is continuously flushed between the tool and workpiece to carry away removed material and prevent overheating. Key factors in EDM include the current, voltage, spark gap distance, material removal rate, taper, and surface finish. It can machine any electrically conductive material regardless of hardness and produce complex, burr-free parts without mechanical contact or heat distortions.
This document discusses robotic manufacturing systems and robot work cells. It describes the basic components of a robot work cell including robots, production machinery, conveyors, and safety barriers. It also categorizes robot work cells based on the number of robots and robot positioning. Economic considerations for robotization like cost analysis, payback period, and return on investment methods are presented. Robot selection criteria such as accuracy, speed, payload, and cost are also discussed.
This document summarizes an energy audit conducted for CAHCET college. The audit identified various energy conservation methods that could be implemented, such as replacing lights with more efficient bulbs, installing insulation and making adjustments to air conditioning usage. It was estimated that these conservation methods could save over 45,000 units of electricity per year, equating to cost savings of over 160,000 rupees annually. This would reduce the college's electricity usage and costs by approximately 16.84% and 12.2% respectively. In conclusion, the energy audit provided recommendations to make the college's energy usage more efficient and achieve significant savings.
The document discusses various power transmission systems used in industrial robotics including gears, belts, chains, shafts, and motion conversion mechanisms. Gears can be classified as external/internal or spur/helical/bevel/worm and are used to transmit motion between shafts. Belts and chains are also used for power transmission over longer distances. Motion conversion systems like lead screws, rack and pinion, and cam mechanisms are used to convert between rotary and linear motion.
Hydraulic actuators convert hydraulic energy into mechanical motion and come in two types: linear actuators, which produce linear motion, and rotary actuators, which produce rotational motion. Linear actuators include single acting cylinders, double acting cylinders, and double rod cylinders. Rotary actuators include rotary vane actuators and rack and pinion actuators, which can be single or double cylinder designs.
NTTF Started in 1959 with Swiss Assistance and Created as a Trust in 1963 No Financial Equity from any one and no Dividend payout to any one Under Section 8, Company act and Not for Profit Organisation Fully Self Sustaining Model Any Surplus in Ploughed back to set up more training facility Focussed towards nation building through Human Resource Development
Features:
The organization gets the total man
Humanize the work i.e. Quality of work life is stressed and improved
Brings out extra-ordinary qualities from ordinary people
To display the human capabilities fully and eventually draw out infinite possibilities
Prepares the employer and employees to meet the challenges of the changing time and condition
The document provides safety guidelines for working in a workshop. It lists numerous hazards to avoid such as loose clothing that could get caught in machinery, long hair near moving parts, jewelry, unsafe speeds or feeds on machines, distractions, horseplay, and compressed air. It also recommends using proper safety equipment like goggles and following procedures like stopping machines before cleaning or oiling. Good housekeeping, clear walkways, and hazard identification are important to maintain a safe working environment.
The document provides information on fundamental hydraulic systems and their components. It discusses the basic principles and advantages of hydraulic systems over mechanical systems. It then describes the basic components of hydraulic systems including reservoirs, strainers, filters, accumulators, pressure gauges, flow meters, and pumps. It provides diagrams and explanations of how different types of hydraulic systems and components work.
5S is a method that uses five Japanese words which start with the letter S
Seiri – Sort
Seiton – Set in Order
Seiso – Shiny clean
Seiketsu – Standardized cleanup
Shitsuke - Sustain
Teams are more effective than individuals at accomplishing tasks. The document discusses the types, stages of development, and importance of team building for effective teams. It outlines common team types like task forces, problem-solving teams, and self-managed work teams. The stages of team development include forming, storming, norming, and performing. Team building activities help strengthen relationships, roles, values, and processes to enhance task accomplishment and productivity.
Demonstration module in Odoo 17 - Odoo 17 SlidesCeline George
In Odoo, a module represents a unit of functionality that can be added to the Odoo system to extend its features or customize its behavior. Each module typically consists of various components, such as models, views, controllers, security rules, data files, and more. Lets dive into the structure of a module in Odoo 17
The word “Gymnosperm” comes from the Greek words “gymnos”(naked) and “sperma”(seed), hence known as “Naked seeds.” Gymnosperms are the seed-producing plants, but unlike angiosperms, they produce seeds without fruits. These plants develop on the surface of scales or leaves, or at the end of stalks forming a cone-like structure.
Dr. Nasir Mustafa CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION "NEUROANATOMY"Dr. Nasir Mustafa
CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION
"NEUROANATOMY"
DURING THE JOINT ONLINE LECTURE SERIES HELD BY
KUTAISI UNIVERSITY (GEORGIA) AND ISTANBUL GELISIM UNIVERSITY (TURKEY)
FROM JUNE 10TH TO JUNE 14TH, 2024
APM event held on 9 July in Bristol.
Speaker: Roy Millard
The SWWE Regional Network were very pleased to welcome back to Bristol Roy Millard, of APM’s Assurance Interest Group on 9 July 2024, to talk about project reviews and hopefully answer all your questions.
Roy outlined his extensive career and his experience in setting up the APM’s Assurance Specific Interest Group, as they were known then.
Using Mentimeter, he asked a number of questions of the audience about their experience of project reviews and what they wanted to know.
Roy discussed what a project review was and examined a number of definitions, including APM’s Bok: “Project reviews take place throughout the project life cycle to check the likely or actual achievement of the objectives specified in the project management plan”
Why do we do project reviews? Different stakeholders will have different views about this, but usually it is about providing confidence that the project will deliver the expected outputs and benefits, that it is under control.
There are many types of project reviews, including peer reviews, internal audit, National Audit Office, IPA, etc.
Roy discussed the principles behind the Three Lines of Defence Model:, First line looks at management controls, policies, procedures, Second line at compliance, such as Gate reviews, QA, to check that controls are being followed, and third Line is independent external reviews for the organisations Board, such as Internal Audit or NAO audit.
Factors which affect project reviews include the scope, level of independence, customer of the review, team composition and time.
Project Audits are a special type of project review. They are generally more independent, formal with clear processes and audit trails, with a greater emphasis on compliance. Project reviews are generally more flexible and informal, but should be evidence based and have some level of independence.
Roy looked at 2 examples of where reviews went wrong, London Underground Sub-Surface Upgrade signalling contract, and London’s Garden Bridge. The former had poor 3 lines of defence, no internal audit and weak procurement skills, the latter was a Boris Johnson vanity project with no proper governance due to Johnson’s pressure and interference.
Roy discussed the principles of assurance reviews from APM’s Guide to Integrated Assurance (Free to Members), which include: independence, accountability, risk based, and impact, etc
Human factors are important in project reviews. The skills and knowledge of the review team, building trust with the project team to avoid defensiveness, body language, and team dynamics, which can only be assessed face to face, active listening, flexibility and objectively.
Click here for further content: https://www.apm.org.uk/news/a-beginner-s-guide-to-project-reviews-everything-you-wanted-to-know-but-were-too-afraid-to-ask/