Compressor trouble shooting

Compressor Trouble Shooting
Prepared by
M.Ganesh Murugan

Air Compressor Trouble Shooting
Guide
Problem Cause Solution
Compressor will not
operate.
1. No electrical power.
Turn on power.
Push the reset button.
2. Low oil level.
Check oil level. Replace
your oil if necessary
3. Pressure switch not
making contact.
See pressure switch
adjustment.
4. Pressure in the tank is
below the cut-in pressure.
See pressure switch
adjustment.
Replace pressure switch to
one that has a lower cut-in
PSI

Guide
Excessive noise in
operation.
1. Loose pulley, flywheel,
belt, belt guard, cooler,
clamps or accessories.
Tighten any loose ends.
2. Lack of oil in crankcase.
Check for possible damage to
bearings
Replenish the oil level.
3. Piston hitting the valve
plate.
Remove the compressor cylinder
head and inspect for foreign matter
on top of the piston. Add a new
gasket and reassemble the head.
4. Compressor floor
mounting loose.
Tighten the bolts on the air
compressor. It may also be a good
idea to replace your vibration pads
5. Defective crankcase. Repair or replace.
6. Excessive crank end
play.
Adjust and shim properly.

Guide
Knock - same cycle as
R.P.M.
1. Main bearings. Replace bearings.
2. Connecting rod bearings. Replace rod.
3. Loose flywheel. Tighten.
Knock occurs while
compressor is loading.
2. Wrist pins, wrist pin
bearings.
Replace piston assembly.
3. Loose connecting rod
nut.
Tighten.
Receiver pressure builds up
rapidly.
1. Excessive water in
receiver.
Drain receiver/tank.

Guide
Excessive oil consumption. 1. Restricted air intake. Clean or replace air filter.
2. Oil leaks.
Tighten bolts or replace
gasket.
3. Worn piston rings. Replace rings.
4. Wrong oil viscosity.
Drain oil, refill with oil of
proper viscosity.
5. Compressor tilted too
much.
Level compressor.
Vibration pads may help
with this
6. Scored cylinder. Replace cylinder.

Guide
Air blowing out of inlet.
1. Broken first stage inlet
valve.
Replace valve plate
assembly.
Insufficient pressure at
point of use.
1. Leaks or restriction.
Check for leaks or
restriction in hose or
piping. Repair.
2. Restricted air intake.
Clean or replace air filter
element.
3. Slipping belts. Tighten belts.
4. Service hose too small. Replace with larger hose.
5. Excessive air
requirement.
Limit air usage to
compressor capacity by
using fewer or smaller
tools.

Guide
Receiver does not hold
pressure when compressor
is unloaded.
1. Faulty check valve.
Bleed tank! Disassemble
check valve assembly,
clean or replace faulty
parts.
Excessive belt wear. 1. Pulley out of alignment.
Realign motor pulley with
compressor flywheel.
2. Belts too tight. Adjust tension.
3. Belts too loose. Adjust tension.
4. Pulley or flywheel
wobble.
Check for worn worn
crankshaft, keyway or
pulley bore, resulting from
running with loose pulleys.
Check for bent crankshaft.
5. Nick in belt groove of
pulley or flywheel.
File smooth

Guide
Excessive discharge air
temperature.
1. Dirty cooling surfaces.
Clean cooling surfaces of
cylinder, intercooler and
discharge tube.
2. Poor ventilation.
Improve ventilation or
relocate compressor.
3. Blown head gasket. Replace head gasket.
4. Restricted air intake.
Clean or replace air filter
element.
5. Worn valves.
Replace valve plate
assembly
Fuses blow repeatedly. 1. Wrong fuse size.
Check to make sure that
fuses are of proper ampere
rating

Guide
Reset mechanism
cuts out repeatedly.
1. Motor overload.
Shut down immediately to
avoid damage.
2. Malfunction or improperly
adjusted.
Adjust or replace.
3. High ambient temperature. Provide ventilation
Milky oil in oil
reservoir.
1. Water entering oil reservoir
due to compressor operating
in high humidity environment.
a. Pipe air intake to less humid
air source.
b. Service unit (change oil,
clean or replace air cleaner
element, more often, at least
every 45 days or 500 operating
hours for oil changes.
c. Drain tank daily

Guide
slowly.
1. Dirty air filter.
Clean or replace filter
element.
2. Blown cylinder head
gasket.
Install new gasket.
3. Worn or broken low
pressure intake or
discharge valves.
Install new flapper valves
and gaskets.
4. Air leaks. Tighten joints.
5. Loose belts.
Tighten belt or replace
belt.
6. Speed too slow.
Check pulley size and belt
tension

Guide
Excessive discharge air
temperature.
1. Dirty cooling surfaces.
Clean cooling surfaces of
cylinder, intercooler and
discharge tube.
2. Poor ventilation.
Improve ventilation or
relocate compressor.
3. Blown head gasket. Replace head gasket.
4. Worn valve. Repair or replace valves
Reset mechanism cuts out
repeatedly.
1. Motor overload.
avoid damage.
2. Malfunction or
improperly adjusted.
Adjust or replace.
3. High ambient
temperature.
Provide ventilation

Guide
Receiver does not hold
pressure when compressor
shuts off
1. Faulty check valve.
Bleed tank! Disassemble
check valve assembly,
clean or replace faulty
parts.
Excessive belt wear. 1. Pulley out of alignment.
Realign motor pulley with
compressor flywheel.
2. Belts too tight. Adjust tension.
3. Belts too loose. Adjust tension.
4. Pulley or flywheel
wobble.
Check for worn crankshaft,
keyway or pulley bore,
resulting from running with
loose pulleys. Check for
bent crankshaft - if bent
then replace.
5. Nick in belt groove of
pulley or flywheel.
File smooth

Guide
Oil in discharge air.
1. Compressor air intake
restricted.
Clean air filter element and
check for other restrictions
in the intake system.
3. Excessive oil in
compressor.
Drain down to bottom of
threads.
Check viscosity and change
oil if necessary
5. Piston rings installed up-
side down.
Install rings in proper
position.
6. Plugged crankcase
breather.
Clean or replace

Guide
Excessive oil consumption. 1. Restricted air intake. Clean or replace air filter.
2. Oil leaks.
Tighten bolts or replace
gasket.
Drain oil, refill with oil of
proper viscosity.
5. Compressor tilted too
much.
Level compressor.
6. Scored cylinder. Replace cylinder
Compressor suddenly stops
working
1. Bad unloader valve
Replace the unloader
valve.
2. Loss of power
Plug compressor into a
new power source

Guide
Knock-same cycle as RPM. 1. Main bearings. Replace bearings.
3. Loose flywheel. Tighten.
Knock occurs while
compressor is loading.
2. Wrist pins, wrist pin
bearings.
Replace complete piston
assembly.
3. Loose connecting rod
bolt.
Tighten bolt.
4. Loose flywheel. Tighten setscrew
Compressor vibrates. 1. Mounting bolts loose.
Tighten. Consider installing
vibration pads

Guide
Excessive noise in
operation.
1. Loose pulley, flywheel
belt, belt guard, clamps or
accessories.
Tighten.
2. Lack of oil in crankcase.
Check for possible damage
to bearings, replenish oil.
3. Piston hitting the valve
plate.
Remove the compressor
cylinder head and inspect
for foreign matter on top
of the piston, clean, add a
new gasket, and
reassemble the head.
4. Compressor floor
mounting loose.
Tighten.
5. Defective crankcase. Repair

Guide
Compressor will not
operate.
1. No electrical power.
Turn on power, check fuse,
breaker, or motor overload.
2. Pressure switch not
making contact.
Replace or repair.
3. Defective unloader or
check valve.
Replace or repair
Fuses blow repeatedly. 1. Wrong fuse size.
Check to make sure that
fuses are of proper ampere
rating.
2. Low voltage.
3. Defective unloader or
check valve.
Replace or repair.
4. Belt to tight. Loosen belt

Guide
slowly.
1. Dirty air filter.
Clean or replace filter
element.
2. Blown cylinder head
gasket.
Install new gasket.
3. Worn or broken low
pressure intake or
discharge valves.
Install new valve plate.
4. Air leaks. Tighten joints.
5. Loose belts. Tighten or replace belts.
6. Speed too slow. Check speed
quickly on compressor.
1. Excessive water in
receiver.
Drain receiver/tank.
2. Speed too fast. Check speed

Guide
Compressor vibrates. 1. Mounting bolts loose. Tighten.
2. Compressor not properly
mounted.
Level compressor so that
all feet touch the floor
before tightening down.
3. Pulley and flywheel
misaligned.
Realign.
4. Belts loose. Tighten belts.
5. Bent crankshaft. Replace crankshaft
Air leaking from inter stage
safety relief valve when
compressor is pumping.
1. Safety relief valve not
functioning properly.
Remove and install new
safety relief valve. If new
safety valve leaks remove
cylinder head, inspect and
clean reed valve assembly.
2. Leaky gasket - High
pressure inlet valve.
Replace gasket.

Guide
Oil in discharge air.
1. Compressor air intake
restricted.
Clean or replace your air
filters.
3. Excessive oil in
compressor.
Drain down to full mark on
sight gauge.
4. Wrong oil viscosity. Check viscosity.
5. Piston rings installed up-
side down.
Replace crankshaft.
Reset mechanism cuts out
repeatedly; fuses of proper
size blow.
1. Motor overload.
avoid damage.
2. Malfunction or
improperly adjusted.
Adjust or replace.
3. High ambient
temperature.
Provide ventilation

THANK YOU
FOR NETTUR TECHNICAL TRAINING FOUNDATION, TUTICORIN

Compressor trouble shooting

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