Manuscript Fragments

This article will address what one can know today about books and archives from medieval Oslo. First comes an introduction about the establishment of Latin script in Norway. It will give an impression of the Norwegian source material up to c. 1200. This is followed by an overview of book-owning institutions and of preserved book material from Oslo. It is now possible to identify slightly more than sixty Latin books that can be linked to Oslo with a high degree of certainty. These books are documented as fragments, used as covers for account books after the Reformation or as reinforcements in the back when binding them. There is no earlier published overview of this material. The overview is based on recent results regarding the provenance of the fragmented books. The article will provide an overview of scope, genre and chronology without going into individual books in detail.
After this overview comes a sketch of what is known about archives in medieval Oslo, royal and ecclesiastical. In connection with the discussion of archives, there is an excursus on accounting in the late Middle Ages and its prehistory.

Os fragmentos de pergaminho medievais e modernos foram desprezados e ignorados por séculos e só começaram a ser revalorizados a partir do século XX, fruto de iniciativas individuais de alguns investigadores. Fragmentos de pergaminhos usados como folhas de guarda ou de encadernação improvisada em manuscritos (códices e documentos avulsos) e impressos abundam em todos os arquivos europeus e nos mais diversos fundos e colecções, bem como em bibliotecas. Nesta comunicação, detalha-se o conteúdo dos fragmentos portugueses encontrados no Arquivo Municipal de Loulé e
apresenta-se a sua transcrição integral. 
Transcription of four medieval parchmins reused as bindings in Loulé's archive.

Η "Κριτική Κειμένου" είναι ο κλάδος της φιλολογικής επιστήμης που μελετά τα κείμενα της αρχαιοελληνικής και λατινικής γραμματείας υπό ένα συγκεκριμένο πρίσμα και με έναν σαφώς προσδιορισμένο στόχο: την αναγωγή των κειμένων αυτών στην αρχική μορφή τους (ή όσο πιο κοντά γίνεται σε αυτήν). Η διαδικασία αυτή της ανασυγκρότησης του κάθε κειμένου συνίσταται σε μια σειρά κριτικές ενέργειες· μελέτη των χειρογράφων, εξέταση της γνησιότητας του κειμένου, διόρθωση σφαλμάτων, εντοπισμός νόθων παρεισφρήσεων.
Το παρόν εγχειρίδιο καλειδοσκοπικά εστιάζει σε συγκεκριμένες πτυχές τεχνικής και λειτουργικής φύσεως της Κριτικής Κειμένου· αφενός παρέχει έναν συγκεντρωτικό κατάλογο, όπου αναγράφονται και ερμηνεύονται οι βασικές συντομογραφίες, οι τεχνικοί όροι και τα λοιπά κριτικά σύμβολα της Κριτικής επιστήμης, και αφετέρου παρουσιάζει δειγματικές αναγνώσεις (με συνοδευτικά επεξηγηματικά σχόλια) για τα τρία είδη υπομνημάτων που παρατίθενται σε κριτικές εκδόσεις κειμένων, δηλ. Υπόμνημα Πηγών, Κριτικό Υπόμνημα και Υπόμνημα Παραλλήλων Χωρίων. Ωσαύτως, στο εγχειρίδιο παρατίθεται μια σύντομη ιστορική ανασκόπηση της Κριτικής Κειμένου (με αναφορές στη στεμματική θεωρία και το στέμμα κωδίκων), καθώς και ενδεικτική περαιτέρω βιβλιογραφία.
Συναφώς, στόχος του εγχειριδίου αυτού είναι να προσφέρει ένα συμπαγές υπόβαθρο από τεχνικές γνώσεις, οι οποίες συνιστούν απαραίτητη προϋπόθεση τόσο για την κατανόηση της διαδικασίας της παράδοσης των κειμένων και του συνακόλουθου πλέγματος διεργασιών της Κριτικής επιστήμης, όσο και για τη σφαιρική προσέγγιση του αρχαίου ελληνικού και λατινικού γραπτού λόγου.
Εν κατακλείδι, το εγχειρίδιο αυτό φιλοδοξεί να καλύψει το έως τώρα βιβλιογραφικό κενό και να καταστεί ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο έρευνας για φιλολόγους, φοιτητές φιλολογίας αλλά και κάθε είδους μελετητές των αρχαίων κειμένων.

This thesis is focused on a previously unpublished collage comprised of two manuscript fragments from Safavid Iran. One fragment contains a painting that depicts an enthronement scene featuring King Solomon, which, as I argue, was taken from a copy of the Majalis al-Ushshaq by Kamal al-Din Gazurgahi. The other fragment contains verses from the Divan of Hafez. The fragment from the Divan has been gutted and overlaps the painting of Solomon, effectively framing the image. Through visual and textual analysis, I argue that both fragments come from manuscripts that were produced in Shiraz. I further argue that the painting of Solomon was executed at the asitana of Maulana Husam al-Din Ibrahim in the second quarter of the sixteenth century. My argument about the fragments’ origins is followed by an exploration of the painting’s symbolism in which I focus on a broken branch, an integral component of Solomon’s iconography in Persian painting. Finally, I explore the object’s afterlife and consider how the physical reconfiguration of these fragments causes them to take on new meaning. I read the fragments as a single folio and bring to light correlations between the text and image, which, were only realized because of their uncanny union. I conclude with the collage’s collection history and a hypothesis regarding the fragments’ transatlantic route.

Os fragmentos de pergaminho medievais e modernos foram desprezados e ignorados por séculos e só começam a ser revalorizados a partir do século XX, fruto de iniciativas
individuais de investigadores. Este trabalho descreve o que tem sido feito em Portugal neste campo e apresenta um inventário detalhado de 108 fragmentos portugueses encontrados na
Torre do Tombo.
Medieval and modern parchment fragments have been neglected and ignored for centuries on and only were appreciated in the 20th century, due to individual projects carried out by researchers. This work aims at describing what has been done in Portugal in this field and presents a detailed inventory of 108 Portuguese fragments found in the Portuguese National Archive (Torre do Tombo).

ERRATA: Gavetas XIII, Maço 1, Doc. 25 = Gavetas XIII, Maço 1, Doc. 21

Digitizing archival material is by now a standard part of archival practice. However, accurately describing and representing this material in textual descriptions is a challenge that cannot be addressed using the Rules for Archival Description, the current Canadian archival description standard. This thesis makes the case for collaborating with textual studies and digital humanities scholars to improve the framework within which descriptions are written, as well as for reaching out to members of the public and improving archival representation through crowdsourcing. The thesis also includes a case study examining the ways medieval manuscript fragments could be best represented in online description.

De nombreux grands manuscrits ont été la proie de marchands qui les ont dépecés en feuillets séparés pour offrir aux amateurs la possibilité d'acquérir de belles miniatures isolées. Les recherches de divers historiens d'art ont permis d'identifier un ensemble de folios provenant tous d'un même remarquable manuscrit juridique du XIVe siècle, composé et décoré à Toulouse, qui comportait des illustrations originales de haute qualité.

Study of medieval fragments with music found at Loulé (Algarve) in the town archives. Two of them, in particular, open new perspectives on the liturgical influence of Seville and the identity of the local custom (Silves). Connection of other fragments with the liturgies of Évora, Braga and Toledo, and the presence in the region of the Order of Santiago, are also disclosed.

Descrizione e analisi dei manoscritti liturgici-musicali della Biblioteca Guarneriana di San Daniele del Friuli. Nella prima parte si ricostruisce la vicenda del Guarn. Col. CLVI (XIV sec.) e si presenta un frammento, finora ignoto, di un Breviario friulano più antico (XIII sec.); nella seconda, invece, si prendono nuovamente in considerazione finalità e caratteristiche della collezione libraria di mons. Giusto Fontanini (XVIII sec.), dedicando particolare attenzione ai codici liturgici-musicali. Contributo agli atti del convegno 'Salve Sancta parens. I manoscritti con contenuto musicale della Civica Biblioteca Guarneriana', San Daniele, Biblioteca Civica Guarneriana, 18 maggio 2019.

During the thirteenth century, the kingdom of Castile experienced a period of rich exchange and cultural diversity, closely linked to the historical events that took place in the Iberian peninsula: the continued progress of the Reconquista, the fluid contacts with other European Royal houses, and other cultural exchanges promoted by the rise of cathedral schools and universities throughout Europe.

During this period a musical style was born in Paris in the second half of the twelfth century, which became known as Ars Antiqua and reached such popularity that continued to be interpreted for two centuries after its composition. The present dissertation studies a total of thirteen polyphonic fragments preserved in different places of the kingdom of Castile, dated between 1230 and 1325, and that contain music of this style. Three objectives have been proposed in order to thoroughly complete this research: 1) exhaustive study of the fragmentary sources with polyphonic music, analysis of their codicological and paleographic aspects, their content and concordances, their origin and procedence, the history of each source and its dating; 2) exploration of the use, context, and transmission of this repertory and establishment of any concordances with other foreign manuscripts; and 3) organization of the repertoire according to two different groups: the one related to the Magnus Liber Organi whose origin is the cathedral of Paris, and the Latin songs (tropes, sequences and conducti) with specific Iberian characteristics. It has followed an interdisciplinary methodology that has used primary and secondary sources, as well as digital reproduction techniques and virtual restoration.

The study of all these fragments has brought a new vision to the sound panorama of the medieval Castile rebuilding a very rich and varied musical universe, in which the knowledge of the latest novelties of French music in a very early time is manifested, and at the same time, a specific peninsular creation. Many of the conserved sources, now fragmentary, were originally books or fascicles of polyphonic music interpreted in the cathedral, monastic or courtly milieux, which gives us idea of how much has been lost.

Finally, this doctoral work presents, for the first time, a critical edition and a facsimile of all the Castilian fragments preserved with repertoire of Ars Antiqua.

Many of the 24 articles (in English, German and French) gathered in this book were provided in honour of the 60th birthday of Professor Erich Renhart, founder of the Vestigia Manuscript Research Centre of the University of Graz. Other articles were written in connection with the diverse researches conducted at Vestigia on the traces of the cultural heritage represented by Armenian, Syriac, Arabic, Greek, Latin, and Croatian Glagolitic manuscript traditions, scattered in libraries around the world. Organized according to these main sections – Text Editions, Manuscript Cataloguing, Manuscript Studies, Digital Humanities, Varia Studia – the volume provides new approaches and results to the study of written heritage in different cultures, as well as digital solutions to preserve and study this heritage codicologically and paleographically. The book is concluded by a final chapter Ad personam, presenting the personal words and a Laudatio addressed to Erich Renhart on the occasion of his 60th birthday celebration (23–24, May 2019) at the University of Graz. Many illustrations and images facilitate the understanding and altogether contribute to the high aesthetic standard of the work – corresponding to its subject matter.

Il libro è incentrato sull’analisi storica e storico-artistica dei manoscritti realizzati ad uso della Curia Papale e del Laterano dal VI al XIII secolo. La ricerca percorre tre direttrici principali: la delineazione delle modalità che, nei secoli centrali del Medioevo, hanno portato all’istituzione e allo sviluppo di un’attività scrittoria e di conservazione libraria in ambito papale; l’individuazione sistematica degli esemplari manoscritti superstiti, testimoni di tale attività; l’analisi degli esemplari medesimi, condotta mediante diversi approcci metodologici (storico-artistico, paleografico, codicologico, filologico, liturgico, ecc.). Si restituisce, in questo modo, un aspetto molto significativo, e finora poco esplorato nel suo insieme, della storia della miniatura medievale, grazie anche alla riunificazione, condotta in quest’opera per la prima volta, di quanto sopravvive della produzione manoscritta, in particolare miniata, legata al Laterano e alla Curia Papale.

This study covers the identification of one half of a folio recently discovered at Jaca's Cathedral as a part of a manuscript that transmits Gregory's Moralia in Iob in visigothic script from the first half of the 9th century. The codicographic and paleographic features, the textual variants and the historical and cultural context is central to afirm the possible  Aragonese origin of this copy which could be the earliest known codex surviving today in visigothic writing, produced in Aragon.

CORRIGENDA
S. 41 Anm. 1: German Historical Institute London statt German Historical London
S. 43 Z. 16-17: In seinem Textabdruck gibt Holder-Egger Zählungen, die jedoch Pergamentstreifen als fol. 3-4 rechnen statt In seinem Textabdruck gibt Holder-Egger beide Zählungen wieder.
S. 43 Z. 28: 5r statt 3r
S. 44 Z. 4-5:  Der erhaltene Text enthält auf fol. 1r-3v und fol. 5v-6v Teile von zwei Briefen Gregors VII. (JL 4999 und 5034). Die Blätter 4r-5v ... statt Der erhaltene Text beginnt fol. 1r–3v mit zwei Briefen Gregors VII. (JL 4999 und 5034). Die Blätter 4r-6v ...
S. 44 Z. 8: 5v statt 3v (= S. 6)
S. 44 Anm. 24: 5v statt 3v

This article presents the recent discovery of one bifolio removed from an illuminated manuscript and reused in the binding of another ancient book. This fragment has been written and illuminated in the first half of the fourteenth century in Southern France, in Languedoc region, and it contains capitula of the juridical text of the Liber Sextus of pope Boniface VIII (1235-1303): De aetate et qualitative et ordine preficiendorum, De filiis presbiterorum, De bigamis, De officio Vicarii with glosses of Giovanni d’Andrea (c. 1270-1348). This fragment is stylistically similar to a group of manuscripts illuminated by the circle of artists responsible for the Missal of Auger de Cogeux (London, British Library, ms. Additional 17006). This group can be probably located in Languedoc, between Toulouse and Narbonne: its closest parallels are a number of manuscripts with legal content, dating from the first half of the fourteenth century, such as the Decretals of Clement V in Brescia (Biblioteca Civica Queriniana, ms. B I 1) and some folia of a dismembered manuscript containing Gratian’s Decretals, recently reassembled, usually regarded as having been produced between Toulouse and Narbonne. The illuminators of this circle, while clearly influenced by Parisian illumination, exhibit a number of distinctive features, in particular the range of grotesque figures which are typical of south-western French production.

The author, a member of the HAS‒NSZL Res Libraria Hungariae Research Group, while working on the database of codex fragments, which is being prepared for the Manuscripts Collection of the National Széchényi Library, became aware of a dozen parchment leaves of different ages, content and size. These all had been marked with a mysterious inscription: “PAZL 1671”, an abbreviation for Placidus Abt zu Lambach, Placidus Hieber, Abbot of Lambach (1640‒1678). The library of the Benedictine Abbey in Lambach was enriched with books and manuscripts over the centuries. However, by the 20th century, the troubled historical circumstances and the financial difficulties of the Abbey had made it necessary for them to sell the majority of their books. A significant amount of these was acquired by the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Yale University, where they came to be studied by Robert G. Babcock and Lisa Fagin Davis and became the subject of two monographs. A dozen Lambach fragments w...

This paper gives an overview of the national and international research on the biblical tradition of the Iberian Peninsula between the eighth and twelfth centuries. It describes and analyzes the status quaestionis from various perspectives, seeking to broaden the dominant Spanish-centred research, which widely neglected the Hispanic peripheries, such as Catalonia or Portugal, and focused on single outstanding manuscripts without situating important features of Iberian Bible production within the wider European context. The paper crosses mental, geographic and scientific barriers to pioneer new methods of refining our understanding of the biblical landscape of the medieval Iberian Peninsula. It assesses the heuristic dimensions of research on underestimated or even neglected Bible fragments and highlights the role of Andalusian Arabic Bible translations within the panorama of the Iberian biblical tradition. In addition, it draws attention to the rich, but hitherto neglected study of glossed Bibles of the new French type, and finally underlines the historical, exegetical and transcultural evidence of non-biblical texts transmitted in the context of Iberian Bible manuscripts.

Este artigo apresenta uma visão geral da investigação nacional e internacional sobre a tradição bíblica da Península Ibérica entre os séculos VIII e XII. Descreve-se e analisa-se sob várias perspetivas o status quaestionis, procurando-se ampliar a pesquisa dominante, centrada no espanhol, que descurou amplamente as periferias hispânicas, como a Catalunha ou Portugal, e se concentrou em manuscritos únicos, sem situar características importantes da produção da Bíblia Ibérica no contexto europeu. O documento atravessa barreiras mentais, geográficas e científicas para propor novos métodos que melhorem a nossa compreensão da paisagem bíblica da Península Ibérica medieval. O texto avalia ainda as dimensões heurísticas da pesquisa em fragmentos bíblicos subestimados ou até negligenciados e destaca o papel das traduções da Bíblia arábica andaluza no panorama da tradição bíblica ibérica. Além disso, chama a atenção para o estudo rico, mas até agora negligenciado, de Bíblias glosadas do novo tipo francês e, finalmente, sublinha a evidência histórica, exegética e transcultural dos textos não-bíblicos transmitidos no contexto dos manuscritos bíblicos ibéricos.

The author of this article conclusively traces the source of the two Aesopic fables retold in the prologue to Adonias saga to the medieval collection of Latin fables known as Anonymus Neveleti (alias Romulus elegiacus), fragments of which are preserved in two Icelandic vellum bifolia (Þjms frag 103 and 104) that probably originate from the Benedictines monastic houses of North Iceland. In a review of various ancient and medieval collections of Aesop’s fables, the author concludes that the unknown Icelandic author of Adonias saga must have been familiar with the two fables in this particular Latin version, even though his Icelandic rendering of them is free and likely based on memory. A parallel to a Latin couplet cited in the prologue is furthermore identified in a bilingual encyclopædic manuscript, AM 732 b 4to, also associated with the northern Benedictines. The author of the article suggests the possibility that the incorporation of two Aesopic fables in the prologue to Adonias saga, a riddarasaga, is an indication that such sagas ought to be interpreted like fables, that is not only read as entertainment but also as ethical instruction.