(Test Bank) American Politics Today (Essentials)

Bianco,Canon, 5

Political Science

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5th Edition

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Author(s): Bianco, Canon

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Test Bank for American Politics Today (Essentials) 5e William Bianco David Canon Chapter 1: Understanding American Politics TRUE/FALSE 1. America is an example of a direct democracy. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Applying 2. The main reasons we have government are to provide order and to promote the general welfare. ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Remembering 3. Federalism refers to the division of power between Congress, the president, and the Supreme Court. ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Remembering 4. James Madiso n was concerned about the possibility that no faction would be able to gain a majority, and thus the government would not function. ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of go vernment MSC: Understanding 5. The free rider problem occurs because people can share in the benefits of a public good whether or not they helped provide it. ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Understanding 6. Politics occurs only in the context of government decision making. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define polit ics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Remembering 7. Politics rarely involves overt conflict. ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Understanding 8. A stealth democracy would exist if government were run like a business. ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Understanding 9. It is almost impossible for people to get everything they want from the political process. ANS: T DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Applying 10. Politics is fun damentally all about election outcomes. ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Understanding 11. Compared to most European democracies, the United States has been relatively free of class -based politics because economics is not an important source of political conflict in America. ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American pol itics MSC: Understanding 12. Cultural issues include social spending on the poor and proper taxation levels. ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Remembering 13. Race and gender are significant in American elections because they remain important sources of political disagreements and identity politics, which can influence individual voti ng behavior. ANS: T DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Understanding 14. Libertarians believe in a proactive federal government much like the liberals. ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Understanding 15. To the framers of the Constitution, equality was the central principle of the new government. ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Resolving Conflict: Democracy and American Political Values OBJ: Explain how the American values of democracy, liberty, and equality work to resolve political conflict MSC: Understanding MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ________ said that life in the “state of nature” would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” a. James Madison c. Thomas Hobbes b. George Washington d. King George III ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Remembering 2. James Madison assumed that people a. preferred anarchy over the creation of a government. b. were basically self -interested. c. were basically civic -oriented. d. preferred a monarchy over a republican form of government. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of go vernment MSC: Understanding 3. What did British philosopher Thomas Hobbes mean by the term “state of nature”? a. a belief that all people were basically good b. a belief that the laws of nature gave kings the right to rule by divine right c. life without any existing government d. a world in which people lived in harmony ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Understanding 4. Collective action problems a. are very rare in modern society. b. are very common in modern society. c. are rare in the field of education. d. only occur in modern dictatorships. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Applying 5. For James Madison, the notion that government is necessary depended mainly on a. his belief that people are self -interested and could not be trusted to rule themselves. b. his belief that direct democracy was the only legitimate way to make collective decisions. c. his desire for the United States to serve as a functioning colony of Great Britain. d. his view that people were willing to sacrifice freedoms to make democracy work. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Understanding 6. If one group took power and established an official state religion, James Madison would likely describe the situation as a. a stage in the evolution of government. b. unfortunate but inevitable and outside the scope of government to prevent. c. the best possible outcome given the desires of a majority of the people. d. an example of the tyranny of a faction imposing its will on the rest of the nation. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Applying 7. The separation of powers refers to a. a division of authority within Congress, so that not all legislators do the same things. b. the division of authority between the national and state governments. c. providing each part of government with some power over the others. d. dividing a governm ent into different branches with distinct areas of authority. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Remembering 8. The division of power between the national government and the state and local governments is called a. constitutionalism. c. republicanism. b. federalism. d. pluralism. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Remembering 9. Which one of the following is an example of checks and balances? a. Federal judges can recuse themselves from participating in certain cases. b. the power of impeachment c. the president is the head of the entire federal bureaucracy d. the ability of senators to filibuster a bill ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Applying 10. When federal officials attempt to address a problem, such as assisting the poor, the sick, or the aged, they are acting a. under their c onstitutional power to provide order. b. under their constitutional power to promote the general welfare. c. through powers specified in the supremacy clause of the U.S. Constitution. d. through powers specified in the Bill of Rights. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Applying 11. Aristotle a. was an eminent British political philosopher who predated Thomas Hobbes. b. developed a classification scheme for governments more than 2,000 years ago that still has utility. c. was an early advocate of presidential systems of government with checks and balances. d. believed in the necessity of overcoming the free rider problem. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Remembering 12. If people decide there is a problem worth solving that requires the creation of a public good, government involvement is necessary because a. majority factions will try to ensure that the good works only for themselves. b. it is difficult for individuals to provide common resources on their own. c. of positive externalities that make the good otherwise undesirable. d. citizens would be able to sue the government in federal court. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Understanding 13. It may be easy for two neighbors to agree to drain a meadow, which they possess in common, to grow crops. However, when the meadow is much larger and reaches thousands of people, the solution is more difficult because a. decision making is nearly impossibl e with so many people. b. factions would form that would ultimately destroy the meadow for everyone. c. the problem of the tyranny of the majority would be impossible to control. d. the people involved would suffer from the free rider problem. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Applying 14. A free rider problem occurs when a. a public good is provided by government. b. everyone fails to work toward a common goal. c. the market provides a good by making it free of charge. d. government officials offer bailouts to failing corporations that come at the expense of taxpayers. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Making Sen se of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Understanding 15. Which one of the following is an example of a public good? a. the interstate highway system b. a new business that creates jobs in a community c. food produced by local farmers d. volunteering time to a political campaign ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Applying 16. Politics a. is generally free of conflict. b. is basically the same thing as government. c. is the process that determines what govern ment does. d. does not affect most people on a daily basis. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Remembering 17. Government a. only has an impact on public goods in American society. b. is not involved in the protection of civil liberties. c. is basically involved in all aspects of the daily lives of citizens. d. is not typically involved in the regulation of human behavior. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Understanding 18. A college student’s life a. is typically not affected by federal regulators. b. is typically only affected by regulators at the local level. c. is affected profoundly by regulators at the federal level. d. is only reg ulated if she or he attends a public university or college. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Applying 19. ________ are likely to disappear quickly from the political agenda, while ________ often take a long time to resolve. a. Conflictual issues; valence issues b. Social issues such as abortion; national issues c. Consensus issues; conflictual issues d. Campaign issues; state and local issues ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Remembering 20. Abortion a. has been less controversial since Roe v. Wade was decided. b. is a policy issue that results in little consensus amongst the citizenry. c. has little to do with political ideology. d. policy typically results in a compromise that satisfies most people. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Applying 21. Which one of the following is true about the 2008 elections? a. The Republican victories allowed them to control the health care debate in America. b. Barack Obama’s reelection allowed him to overcome attempts to repeal the Affordable Care Act. c. The Re publicans successfully rebuffed Democratic attempts to pass an economic stimulus package. d. The Democrats illustrated that political process matters in the aftermath of their victories over the Republicans. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Defin e politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Remembering 22. Structural rules require that a. citizens vote in U.S. elections. b. that the president must be born a U.S. citizen. c. all federal regulations be approved by the Supreme Court. d. citizens can only influence public policy through the electoral process. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explai n politics MSC: Understanding 23. Rules and procedures are important to the political process because they a. influence who has the power to make choices at different points in time. b. determine which interest groups are allowed to engage in lobbying. c. provide a level playing field for everyone interested in politics. d. allow the average citizen to become i nvolved in governmental politics. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Understanding 24. The size of the federal government’ s most recent annual budget was a. just over $100 billion. c. almost $1 trillion. b. nearly half a trillion dollars. d. around $4 trillion. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Remembering 25. The federal government a. has more than 50 million employees. b. has activities that affect the everyday lives of Americans in many different ways. c. is expected to create more than 1 million pages of new regulations this year. d. is expected to go bankrupt in the next few years. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Understanding 26. The federal government consists of a. elected officials, party chairs, and lobbyists. b. the president, members of Congress, the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, and all citizens who vote in elections. c. 10 million employees, including contractors and postal service workers. d. registered members of a political party. ANS: C DIF: Mode rate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Remembering 27. Which one of the following is part of the modern economic values of the United States? a. workplace democracy b. economic individualism c. economic equality d. the greatest good for the greatest number ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Remembering 28. Over time, the United States has experienced a. an increase in stratification by class. b. a departure from free market principles in its overall economic philosophy. c. a sharp increase in political corruption. d. economic decline relative to Europe. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify ma jor sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Understanding 29. Democrats and Republicans most strongly disagree about which area of economic policy? a. free trade c. redistributive tax policy b. gold or silver standards for currency d. campaign -finance reform ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Understanding 30. Republicans are more likely than Democrats to favor a. regulation of business to promote worker safety. b. regulation of business to promote product safety. c. lower taxes a nd less spending on social policies. d. higher taxes and less spending on social policies. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Remembering 31. Cultural and moral values garner attention because a. Democrats and Republicans largely agree on economic issues. b. interest groups and activists attempt to keep cultural and moral issues at the top of the policy agenda. c. recent presidential election outcomes, such as in 2008, were determined largely by cultural and moral issues. d. cultural and moral issues are relatively new, only becoming important in the twenty -first century. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Understanding 32. Which one of the following is an important issue to values voters? a. the gr owing gap between the rich and the poor b. the teaching of evolution in public schools c. improving health care for seniors by strengthening Medicare d. protecting collective -bargaining rights for teachers, police, and firefighters ANS: B DIF: Modera te REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Applying 33. The melting pot approach to racial and ethnic relations holds that a. racial and ethnic groups should leave their customs behind when they immigrate to the United States. b. cultural identities do not hold much political relevance in contemporary American politics. c. the United States has a unique history of supporting the customs of ethnic and racial groups that immigrate to the United States. d. the United States cannot really assimilate new ethnic and racial groups into its already complicated cultur al mix. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Remembering 34. Which one of the following is true about demographics in the United States? a. About 80 percent of Americans are white. b. About 30 percent of Americans are Hispanic or Latino. c. About 13 percent of Americans are Asian. d. African Americans comprise about 12 percent of the population in America. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Applying 35. A cohesive set of ideas and beliefs used for organizing the political world is a(n) a. partisan identity. c. cultural identity. b. ideology. d. progressive worldview. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Remembering 36. A libertarian is likely to favor a. greater regulation of business to protect workers. b. the legalization of marijuana. c. laws restricting or abolishing abortion. d. social programs to help the poor. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Applying 37. A conservative is likely to favor a. greater regulation of business to protect workers. b. the legalization of marijuana. c. laws restricting or abolishing abortion. d. social programs to help the poor. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Applying 38. Liberals tend to su pport which of the following views? a. Government involvement in social welfare should be limited. b. There should be greater government regulation of economic markets. c. Government should support the pro -life position on the abortion issue. d. Government should end all restrictions and regulations on trade with foreign nations. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Applying 39. Which one of the following is true about presidential elections at the state level? a. Texas is a purely Republican state. b. There are not many Republican voters in the Plains st ates. c. In all states, some people vote Democratic while others vote Republican. d. Massachusetts is a purely Democratic state. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Applying 40. How does equality contribute to resolving conflict in the political system? a. People respect the system more if they believe they are going to be treated equally. b. By promising equal outcomes, politicians have ensured everyone is satisfied. c. Conflict can only exist when people are being treated differently. d. Multiculturalism reinforces equality of opportunity in America. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Resolving Conflict: Democracy and American Political Values OBJ: Explain how the American values of democracy, liberty, and equality work to resolve political conflict MSC: Understanding 41. To the founders of the American republic, a. equality was the central principle of government. b. commerce was the central principle of government. c. liberty was the central principle of government. d. all people should own the same amount of property. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Resolving Conflict: Democracy and American Political Values OBJ: Explain how the American values of democracy, liberty, and equality work to resolve political conflict MSC: Understanding 42. Which one of the following statements is accurate? a. A stat e referendum is an example of direct democracy. b. There are no examples of direct democracy in New England. c. There is no conflict in authoritarian countries. d. Democracy is the only way to resolve conflict in the world. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Resolving Conflict: Democracy and American Political Values OBJ: Explain how the American values of democracy, liberty, and equality work to resolve political conflict MSC: Remembering SHORT ANSWER 1. What two broad purposes are served by government? ANS: Governments exist to provide order and to promote general welfare. On one hand, as Thomas Hobbes contended a long time ago, without government there would be chaos and the state of nature would exist. On the other hand, government exists in order to make t he lives of citizens better. There are some problems that individuals cannot address (for example, climate change, terrorist threats, and taking care of the sick). Government action is needed so that societal problems can be addressed. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Understanding 2. What is the difference between separation of powers and federalism? ANS: The focus of separation of powers is strictly on the national government. The framers assigned lawmaking authority to Congress, law -enforcement authority to the president, and interpreting the meaning of the laws to the Supreme Court. Federalism is the constitutional division of power between the national g overnment and the states. Local governments are appendages of the states legally so they are not mentioned specifically in the Constitution, though they obviously existed in 1787. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Understanding 3. What is meant by a “stealth democracy”? ANS: According to political scientists John Hibbing and Elizabeth Theiss -Morse, a stealth democracy is a governmental structure where nondemocratic practices are routine, such as running government like a business or establishing public policy without a politic al debate. For those who yearn to avoid conflict in politics, these experts argue that it is impossible. The avoidance of conflict will not make fundamental disagreements between people disappear. In a democracy, people are free to express their opinions, which oftentimes clash with the opinions of other citizens. This type of conflict is actually preferred, as without it government leaders would be free to establish policy as they wished, like chief executive officers routinely do in the private sector tod ay. The presence of conflict is a healthy sign of democracy in action. The challenge, however, is to manage the conflict in question as reasonably as possible. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Understanding 4. Why is abortion a wedge issue in American politics? ANS: Abortion rights have been a controversial subject ever since Roe v. Wade was decided in 1973. Public opinion surveys reveal that Amer icans have a wide array of opinions on the subject. Without a national consensus, a high level of conflict persists regarding this issue. This is not surprising as the issue reflects intense differences of opinion that are deeply rooted in the politics of self-interest, ideology, and personal beliefs. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Applying 5. Why do structural rules matter in American politics? ANS: In politics, rules and procedures determine who has the power to make choices about government policy. For example, the Constitution requires that a president be a natural -born citizen. A bill has to pass in identical language in both chambers of Congress to become law. Federal regulations have a set of procedures in order to be created and implemented. Thus, rules have a significant impact on what can and cannot be created by way of public policy in the United States. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Pol itics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Applying 6. Provide a capsule summary of the U.S. population. ANS: In 2016, about 63 percent o f Americans are white; about 17 percent of Americans are classified as Hispanic or Latino; about 12 percent of Americans are African American; about 5 percent of Americans are Asian; and about 3 percent of Americans are Native American and/or identify as coming from two or more races. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Applying 7. What are the dominant beliefs of liberals, conservatives, and libertarians in the United States today? ANS: Liberals generally favor the pr omotion of social equality and support more government intervention in social programs, more market regulation, and government policies that promote tolerance. Conservatives generally espouse individual freedom, typically favor less government intervention in social programs and the domestic economy, and typically favor traditional social practices. Libertarians prefer very limited government. They believe government should exist to keep citizens safe along with a few narrowly defined responsibilities. Thus , libertarians are generally conservative on social, economic, and regulatory matters but generally liberal on issues involving personal liberty and privacy. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Sources of Conflict in American Politics OBJ: Identify major sources of conflict in American politics MSC: Understanding 8. Why was liberty the central principle of the framers of the U.S. Constitution? ANS: Liberty was the central principle due to the context of the times. The framers believed that people should be free to express their political views. In so doing, the framers understood that conflict would be the norm in American politics. To James Madison, in particular, there was natural tension between liberty and conflict. He believed that suppressing conflict by li miting freedom was unacceptable in a republican form of government. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Resolving Conflict: Democracy and American Political Values OBJ: Explain how the American values of democracy, liberty, and equality work to resolve political co nflict MSC: Understanding 9. Is democracy the only way to resolve conflict in a society? ANS: Democracy is not the only way to resolve conflict in a given society. Not all citizens in the world have a fundamental belief in democracy as do most Americans. Though citizens in a democracy may struggle to address conflictual issues, leaders in authoritarian regimes seek to suppress conflict through violence and by limiting freedom. To those who have a democratic ethos, a transparent debate about controversial matters is preferable to having no debate at all because those in power choose to limit freedom of speech and expression. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Resolving Conflict: Democracy and American Political Values OBJ: Explain how the American values of democracy, liberty, and equality work to resolve political conflict MSC: Understanding ESSAY 1. Identify and define the three pure types of government that were described by Aristotle. ANS: Aristotle distinguished between three types of government based on the number of rulers versus the number of people ruled. A monarchy is a rule by one. An aristocracy is rule by the few over the many. A polity is rule by many, such as the general population. Additional distinctions can be made within polities. A constitutional republic exists when power is allocated between and among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government . Presidential systems such as the one in the United States tend to embrace the notion of separation of powers. In parliamentary systems, however, the chief executive, or prime minister, is elected from the legislative branch of government, so there is typ ically more coordination between the two traditional branches. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Understanding 2. James Madison wrote, “If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary.” Explain what this quote means. Do you believe it to be true? What kind of institutional controls did Madison put into th e Constitution as a consequence of his beliefs, and are they effective? ANS: Reponses will vary to some extent depending upon the context of the individual student . However, Madison perceived that most Americans were basically self -interested and was concerned that they would not put the interests of the nation as a whole ahead of their own individual or family self-interest. Thus, governments are necessary in order for leaders to create policies that promote the greater common good. Yet leaders in government are human just like common citizens, so he believed that they had to be held accountable for their actions as well. That is why the framers collectively embrace d both the notion of separation of powers and checks and balances. Students can define both terms and provide concrete illustrations directly from the Constitution. DIF: Difficult REF: CH01 – Making Sense of American Government and Politics OBJ: Describe the basic functions of government MSC: Evaluating 3. Select one of the following policy issues and discuss how the three key ideas are central to understanding this policy debate: health care, campaign -finance reform, national debt, or abortion. ANS: The three key ideas are as follows: politics is conflictual, and conflict and compromise are natural components of politics; political process matters because how political conflicts are resolved is important; and politics is everywhere since the reality is what happens in government affects citizens’ lives in countless ways. Re sponses will vary to the latter question about selecting a specific policy debate depending, in part, on the values and beliefs of the individual student. DIF: Moderate REF: CH01 – What Is Politics? OBJ: Define politics and identify three key ideas that help explain politics MSC: Applying 4. Explain how ideology affects American politics in a profound manner. Cite specific examples by way of response. ANS: