- The document discusses personality disorders, including what they are, the different types, possible causes, controversies around diagnosis, and treatment options.
- Personality disorders are long-standing patterns that cause problems in relationships, work, and other areas of life. They can be caused by a mix of environmental and genetic factors like childhood trauma.
- There are 10 main types including borderline, antisocial, avoidant, and more. Diagnosis is controversial as specialists sometimes disagree and people may feel stigmatized by labels.
- Treatment options include talking therapies and medication. With help, symptoms can improve over time.
This document discusses living with borderline personality disorder (BPD). It describes BPD as feeling like living on the border between black (negative thoughts, behaviors, low self-esteem, etc.) and white (positive thoughts, confidence, normal functioning). The smallest things can trigger shifts between the two states. Those with BPD constantly worry due to drastic mood swings and unstable relationships. They feel emotions deeply, which can create passion but often causes panic. Living with BPD is exhausting as thoughts race constantly and doctors do not understand what is wrong. Educating oneself on BPD can help alleviate questions and feelings of being alone with this mental illness.
Psychology is the study of the brain and behavior. Psychologists can help people by understanding how the mind works and assisting those struggling with mental health issues. Happiness is influenced by both internal factors like genetics, personality and thinking patterns, as well as external factors like life circumstances, family, friends and money to some degree. Practicing gratitude and kindness can help make people happier. Unhelpily thinking styles like catastrophizing and mind reading can negatively impact happiness and mental health.
The document summarizes a PowerPoint presentation about mental health. It directs participants to view the entire presentation then links to a final study survey. It notes there will be no quiz on the presentation content and participants are not required to remember statistics or definitions. The presentation provides information on prevalence of various mental health conditions and myths versus facts related to mental illness. It also discusses biological theories of conditions like depression and schizophrenia.
This document is a collection of essays and letters by Hal Warfield on the topic of temperament and personality. It begins with an introduction to Hal Warfield's background and experience in human resources, education, and business. The main body of the document then discusses temperament types, the four main temperament types and their traits, combinations of the temperament types, and how understanding temperament can help with self-awareness, relationships, careers and personal development. It aims to provide an overview of temperament theory and its practical applications.
OCD is an anxiety disorder that affects around 2.3% of Americans. It causes unwanted repetitive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. OCD is thought to involve imbalances in brain serotonin levels and overactivity in certain brain regions. Common symptoms include fears of contamination, needing order and symmetry, and unwanted aggressive or disturbing thoughts. Genetics are also linked to OCD risk, and treatment involves medication and therapies like exposure therapy. People with OCD often feel misunderstood due to their repetitive behaviors and obsessive thoughts.
The document discusses assessing and managing potentially violent clients. It describes grades of violence from verbal abuse to physical attacks. Factors that can predict violence are discussed, such as appearance, mood, speech, and history of violence or substance abuse. Causes of violence include psychiatric illness, drugs, disabilities, and personality disorders. Safety tips are provided for counselors as well as techniques for de-escalating aggression, conducting home visits, and following up after a violent incident. Assessing a client's potential for and intent of violence involves considering history, intent statements, and ability to control thoughts and impulses.
Mrs. Z displays characteristics of a psychopath, manipulating and sowing seeds of conflict between her husband and his family. She is socially irresponsible, unable to distinguish right from wrong, and shows no remorse or empathy. Her unpredictable and abusive behavior creates tension for her husband, who becomes diabetic from the stress. A psychopath is defined as having antisocial personality disorder, shown through manipulation and violation of others, lack of empathy, and disregard for rules/safety of others. Psychopathy is diagnosed by evaluating thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and relationships for patterns of aggression, opposition, and risk-taking. Female psychopaths seek attention and play the victim while undermining others through lies, bullying, and destroying reputations.
http://howtocalmanxiety.com/anxiety-symptoms/anxiety-and-depression/
Anxiety and depression are two separate entities but they can occur simultaneously. The common notion is that anxiety becomes uncontrollable and this state of mind is rife for the seeds of a more debilitating disorder, depression.
Single again? What to do? You may have lost your partner through illness or old age…..
Dating (again) can be an awkward experience. It can bring out feelings of confusion & concern from friends and family.
Here are some tips…
The document provides an overview of the nine personality types in the Enneagram system. It describes the core motivations and virtues and weaknesses of each type, and provides tips on how to get along with each type. It also discusses potential eating disorders and addictions that each type may be prone to.
Riverside city college bmhm - 4.30.21 - presentation (1) (1)Alex Reynolds
This document summarizes an online workshop about Black mental health. The workshop was facilitated by Natalie Patterson and aimed to create space for young people to learn and connect through art and discussion. Participants engaged in polls, shared notes, and a talking circle where they discussed topics like life stressors in the Black community, tools for wellness, and ways to practice self-care. The workshop provided resources for Black mental health support and aimed to cultivate tenderness while honoring the full Black experience.
The correct answer is B. Foot-in-the-door. The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
The document discusses various skills and traits related to charisma and personality. It defines charisma as a set of social skills involving effective communication, influence over others, and making impressions through speech, listening, and body language. It then lists six basic skills to develop charisma: emotional and social expressiveness, sensitivity, and control. Additional sections discuss traits of charismatic individuals like originality, warmth, courage, and passion. The document also provides tips for developing a positive self-image and healthy relationships with others.
This document defines self-esteem and discusses the three types of self-esteem: high, low, and inflated. High self-esteem involves loving and accepting oneself. Low self-esteem means not loving or accepting oneself and not valuing one's qualities. Inflated self-esteem involves loving oneself more than is accurate and exaggerating one's qualities. The document then lists characteristics of people with high self-esteem, low self-esteem, and inflated self-esteem, and provides tips for improving low self-esteem.
College students face high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression due to academic demands and changes in relationships and environment. Around 40% of students feel overwhelmed and 30% feel depressed, impacting their ability to function. Seeking help is challenging due to stigma, yet campus counseling provides confidential support. To reduce stigma, education, thoughtful language, and self-awareness of prejudices are important. Maintaining healthy relationships and implementing stress management techniques can also help students cope with mental health issues.
The document discusses the stages of change model for enhancing motivation to change problem behaviors, including the tasks needed at each stage of precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. It also describes motivational interviewing techniques such as expressing empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy to help clients through the stages of change.
This document discusses the key assumptions of the cognitive approach to mental health. It states that:
- Individuals with mental disorders have distorted and irrational thinking which can cause maladaptive behavior.
- It is usually how one thinks about a problem, rather than the problem itself, that causes psychological issues.
- People can overcome disorders by learning more adaptive thinking patterns. If one's thoughts are more positive, their mental state can improve.
The document provides information about mental health issues among young people, including statistics on depression, self-harm, and suicide attempts. It defines depression and its symptoms. It discusses different types of depression like bipolar disorder and seasonal affective disorder. The document advises seeking help from friends, family, teachers, counselors, and medical professionals. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing the signs of depression and encouraging those suffering to get treatment.
The document provides an overview of the Enneagram personality system. It describes the Enneagram as a framework that allows people to better understand themselves and others through identifying personal patterns. Understanding one's personality type through the Enneagram can help people see what changes they need to make personally and professionally to achieve their potential. The document then gives examples of how different personality types may get in the way of business and provides a case study of type 3 personality tendencies and preoccupations.
Rhonda Begos discusses her life journey from childhood abuse and trauma to recovery. As a child, she was sexually abused multiple times but adults did not help when she reported it. This led to struggles with substance abuse, mental health issues, and dysfunctional relationships as an adult. Through therapy, she was able to understand how the abuse impacted her. Key to her recovery was acknowledging, believing, and processing the abuse; learning coping strategies; and regaining a sense of safety, trust, and self-worth. She now helps others as a speaker and advocate.
This document discusses different types of personality disorders. It defines personality as patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make individuals unique. Personality disorders involve atypical beliefs and attitudes compared to most people. The document then describes several specific personality disorders including paranoid, schizoid, borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. It provides examples of common thoughts and behaviors associated with each. The conclusion states that personality disorders can be challenging to treat but therapies like CBT aim to help patients change thoughts and behaviors to develop relationships and satisfaction in life.
This document discusses various personality disorders, their symptoms, and treatments. It describes 10 personality disorders including paranoid, schizoid, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, schizotypal disorders. Each disorder is explained through 2-3 defining characteristics such as difficulty trusting others for paranoid PD or needing constant attention for histrionic PD. The conclusion states that personality disorders involve deeply ingrained thought and behavior patterns but treatments like therapy and medication can help control emotions and develop relationships.
This document provides information on self-esteem and strategies to increase low self-esteem. It defines self-esteem as beliefs about one's own self-worth, which can be positive (high self-esteem) or negative (low self-esteem). Low self-esteem is related to poorer mental health and can be caused by negative childhood/life experiences. The document recommends identifying negative core beliefs, challenging them with evidence, engaging in positive thinking exercises, setting achievable goals, spending time with supportive people, maintaining hobbies, exercise, diet, mindfulness, and assertiveness to boost self-esteem over time.
intro MENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION POWERPOINT .pptxKarenGimena1
This document provides an introduction to mental health awareness. It defines mental health and wellbeing, discusses the mental health continuum and various mental health problems. It also addresses stress, suicidal feelings, psychosis, recovery, and managing conversations about mental health. The document emphasizes self-care, treatment options, peer support, and signposting to resources to help oneself or others experiencing mental health issues. It stresses that mental wellbeing is as important as physical wellbeing for staying fit and healthy.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by difficulties regulating emotions which can lead to impulsivity, unstable relationships, and self-harm. About 1.4% of adults in the US have BPD, which is more common in women. Symptoms include fear of abandonment and unstable self-image. The causes are genetic, environmental like childhood abuse, and neurological differences in emotional regulation areas of the brain. Treatment focuses on psychotherapy.
Introduction to Mental Health Awareness
Definition of Mental Health
Good Mental Health Definition
Mental Illness
Suicidal Ideation and helping those who have such
Stress and Good pressure
Support for the mentally ill
Currently psychiatrists tend to use a system of diagnosis which identifies ten types of personality disorder. Suspicious Paranoid personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorderEmotional and impulsive Antisocial personality disorder ASPD Borderline personality disorder BPD Histrionic personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorderAnxious Avoidant personality disorder Dependent personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder OCPD Each personality disorder has its own set of diagnostic criteria. To get a specific diagnosis you must meet some of these criteria. The minimum amount you need to meet is different for different types, but it should always be more than one or two. If you meet criteria for more than one type this may be called mixed personality disorder. It is also possible to get a diagnosis without meeting the full criteria for a specific type. This is known as personality disorder not otherwise specified PD NOS or personality disorder trait specified. Mrs. Lakshita Saini | Dr. Kiran Maheshwari "Various Personality Disorders - A Mini Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49510.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/49510/various-personality-disorders--a-mini-review/mrs-lakshita-saini
American Family - Chapter 9, Understanding Mental Illnessbartlettfcs
This document provides an overview of mental and emotional problems, including definitions of mental disorders, types of mental disorders (organic vs. functional), and specific disorders such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, conduct disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It discusses suicide risk factors and warning signs, the grieving process and its stages, and ways to support those who are grieving.
Thought of The Day
YESTERDAY’S A PAST…
…..TOMORROW IS A FUTURE….
…. BUT….
TODAY IS A GIFT
…… THAT’S WHY IT’S CALLED
PRESENT….!
Content
• Introduction
• Definition of Disaster
• Classification & Types of Disasters
• Disaster Nursing
• Disaster Management
• Disaster management Cycle
• Nodal Ministry of Disaster
Introduction
• Disaster word originated from Greek Word,
DUS= Bad & ASTR= Star….The root of disaster comes
from an Astrological sense of a calamity blamed on the
position of a planet.
• Health Sector Emergency Managers are concerned
with Public safety and public Health. Clients are
threatened/injured and damaged during Disaster. The
Disaster Management Act was established in 2005.
• Disaster is a sudden , calamitous event bringing great
damage, loss, destruction & devastation to life and
property.
Definition of Disaster
• “Any occurrence that causes damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human life ,
deterioration of health and health services ,
sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
response from outside the affected
community/area.” (WHO)
• “A disaster can defined as an occurrence
either Nature or Man made that causes Human
suffering and creates human needs that
victim can not alleviate without assistance.”
(American Red Cross)
Cont.
• “Disaster is an Emergency in which local
authorities cannot cope the goal of
emergency management is to protect public
health.”
ALL DISASTERS ARE EMERGENCIES
BUT
NOT ALL EMERGENCIES ARE DISASTERS
Definition of Hazard
• “Any phenomenon that has the potential to
cause Damage to people and their
Environment.” • There is a 4 classes of hazard
• Natural Hazard
• Technological Hazard
• Biological Hazard
• Societal Hazard
Vulnerability
Capacity to cope
High Low
Low High
Vulnerability
Very low Low
Exposure to
Hazard
High
Low
9
These are the determinants of risk (people).
THE MOST
VULNERABLE
Cont.
• For ex., an Earthquake hazard of the same
magnitude in a sparsely populated village of
Rajasthan and in the densely populated city of
Delhi will cause different levels of damage to
humans lives, property & Economic Activities.
• There is a two type of emergencies
• (i) Non-disaster Emergencies
• (ii) Disaster Emergencies
Classification Of Disasters
• Biological Disaster: Insect Infestation,
Epidemics & Animal Attacks.
• Geographical Disaster: Earth Quake &
Tsunamis, Volcanic Eruptions etc.
• Climatological Disaster: Droughts(Associated
with Food insecurities), Extreme Temperature
& Wild Fires
Cont.
• Hydrological Disaster: Flood including
Waves and Surges.
• Meteorological Disaster: Storms
Meteorological
Disasters
• Floods
• Tsunami
• Cyclone
• Hurricane
• Typhoon
• Snow
storm
• Blizzard
• Hail storm
Topographical
Disasters
• Earthquake
• Volcanic
Eruptions
• Asteroids
Environmental
Disasters
• Global
warming • Ozone
depletion • Solar flare
15
Technlogical
Disasters
• Transport
failure
• Public place
failure
• Fire
Industrial
• Chemical
spills
• Radioactive
spills
Security
relat
1).i) Qualities of effective communication.
1 Clarity
If your writing is clear, your reader is much more likely to understand and act on your message. Consider this the ultimate characteristic of effective communication.
2 Conciseness
As George Orwell wrote in his essay “Politics and the English Language,” if it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. Your goal is to communicate your message as quickly and directly as possible. By doing this, you’ll save your reader time and trouble.
3 Correctness
Proper grammar and syntax increase the effectiveness and credibility of your message. Mistakes might affect clarity, create ambiguity, and raise doubts. In addition, the message’s information needs to be accurate. Misinformation can derail productivity in the workplace and compound disorganization.
4 Completeness
Effective communication requires the whole picture. Leaving information out can lead to unnecessary guesswork for readers. Comprehensive yet concise messages reduce follow-up questions and prevent delays.
5 Coherence
Coherent communication is logical. Your points should be relevant to your thesis, and the text’s tone and flow should be smooth.
6 Consideration
Empathy is a critical pillar of good workplace communication. Before you speak, consider your words and their potential effects on your listener.
7 Courtesy
Being courteous is as much a necessity in a corporate setting as anywhere. Your team is working together to achieve the same goals of success and growth. Inside jokes, insults, or an aggressive tone work against teamwork.
8 Concreteness
A concrete message is tangible, supported by facts for enhanced credibility, and helps your audience better understand what’s being conveyed. It also mitigates the risk of misunderstanding, a common struggle in the workplace.
9 Consistency
Following the tips above will ensure that your communication is effective. Once you’ve improved, however, don’t let your quality slip. Your teams and operations are valuable and should always be treated as such. Effective communication depends on a steady and efficient workflow from everyone. ii)the process of effective communication.
The Different Elements in The Process of Communication that makes it to be a process are:
i)Sender
The very foundation of communication process is laid by the person who transmits or sends the message. He is the sender of the message which may be a thought, idea, a picture, symbol, report or an order and postures and gestures, even a momentary smile.
ii)Message
Message is referred to as the information conveyed by words as in speech and write-ups, signs, pictures or symbols depending upon the situation and the nature and importance of information desired to be sent.
iii)Encoding
Encoding is putting the targeted message into appropriate medium which may be verbal or non-verbal depending upon the situation, time, space and nature of the message to be sent. T
iv)Channel
Channel(s) refers to the way or mode th
This document provides an introduction and overview of mental health awareness. It begins by outlining guidelines for respectful participation in the discussion, including listening without judgment, sharing only if comfortable, and taking breaks as needed. It then presents quiz questions about mental health statistics in the UK. Definitions of mental health, wellbeing, and illness are provided. The document discusses the mental health continuum and common types of mental health problems. It also covers topics like stress, psychosis, suicidal feelings, and how to help oneself or others. Suggestions are made for managing conversations about mental health and signposting to resources. The importance of self-care and wellbeing is emphasized.
This document provides an introduction and overview of mental health awareness. It begins by outlining guidelines for respectful participation in the discussion, including listening without judgment, sharing only if comfortable, and being aware of one's own mental health. It then presents quiz questions about mental health statistics in the UK. Definitions of mental health, wellbeing, and illness are provided. The document discusses the mental health continuum and common types of mental health problems. It also covers topics like stress, psychosis, suicidal feelings, and how to help oneself or others. Suggestions are made for managing conversations about mental health and for signposting support resources. The importance of self-care and maintaining wellbeing is emphasized.
This document provides an introduction and overview of mental health awareness. It begins by outlining guidelines for respectful participation in the discussion, including listening without judgment, sharing only if comfortable, and taking breaks as needed. It then presents quiz questions about mental health statistics in the UK. Definitions of mental health, wellbeing, and illness are provided. The document discusses the mental health continuum and common types of mental health problems. It also covers topics like stress, psychosis, suicidal feelings, and how to help oneself or others. Suggestions are made for managing conversations about mental health and signposting to resources. The importance of self-care and wellbeing is emphasized.
This document discusses concepts related to mental health and hygiene. It defines mental hygiene as dealing with promoting mental health and preventing/treating mental illness. Mental health is defined as a state of well-being where individuals can cope with stress and be productive. The document outlines strategies for maintaining good mental health, such as forgiving others, accepting yourself, and finding meaningful activities. It also discusses warning signs of poor mental health like mood changes, sadness, and substance abuse. Finally, it proposes strategies for adjusting to oneself and one's environment like understanding others, satisfying needs, and maintaining physical health.
This document discusses self-awareness and its importance. It defines self-awareness as the ability to observe oneself and process self-information. Developing self-awareness can help improve performance and develop interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. The document also discusses emotional intelligence, self-esteem, self-image, self-control, and dimensions of self-awareness such as self-realization and self-knowledge. Developing healthy self-esteem through self-acceptance can provide benefits like confidence and resilience.
Understanding Narcissism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatmentshivaniikumarii7889
Sign and Symptoms of Narcissism
Narcissism (Narcissistic personality disorder) involves a distorted self-image. Emotions can be unstable and intense, and there’s an excessive concern with self-importance, prestige, power, and private adequacy. Narcissism is also a tendency to be a scarcity of sympathy And an exaggerated sense of superiority.
Narcissism
(Narcissistic personality disorder (NDP)) is closely related to self-centeredness, similarly a temperament within which they are self-centered.
People with Narcissism NPD lack sympathy and are unable to feel or appreciate that they are not their own. We all have to deal with narcissism. Now, it’s time to heal from them.
Fast Facts on Narcissism NPD:
The term comes from a personality in classical mythology, similarly referred to as Narcissus.
Narcissism is characterized by an extreme sense of self-worth too.
Other options embrace being fast to anger and liable to irritation right?
For identification, similarly, the symptoms should be persistent and chronic right now.
Traits
Below are the foremost common traits found in individuals with NPD:
An unsatiated appetence for the eye of others.
Extreme feelings of jealousy.
An expectation of special treatment.
Exaggerating achievements, similar talents, and importance.
Extreme sensitivity and an inclination to be simply hurt and to feel rejected with very little provocation.
Difficulty maintaining healthful relationships.
Fantasizing regarding their own intelligence, success, power, and look.
An ability to take advantage of others to realize a goal, similarly while not regret or conscience.
A lack of sympathy, or ability to know and share the emotions of others, and an inclination to disregard other’s feelings.
A belief that solely bound individuals will perceive their singularity.
A tendency to contemplate themselves as delicate in romance.
Responding to criticism with anger, humiliation, and shame.
Treatment
There is no famed cure for Narcissism personality disorder. With psychotherapy, similarly, the individual could return to knowing what causes their issues and learn the way to relate a lot completely to others.
This may give birth to an amendment in attitudes, leading to a lot of constructive behavior. Including it will facilitate the person to build up their shallowness and acquire realistic expectations of themselves Cognitive activity medical care (CBT), group psychotherapy, or group psychotherapy are styles of psychotherapy.
CBT helps the patient determine negative beliefs and behaviors, so as to switch them with healthy, also positive ones.
Complications
Complications of personality disorder and different conditions that may occur in conjunction with it will include:
Relationship difficulties
Such as problems at work or college.
Depression and anxiety
Physical health issues
Drug or alcohol misuse
Suicidal thoughts or behaviour
Prevention
Because the reason for a person
The document discusses the difference between normal sadness and depression in teenagers. It notes that feelings of sadness are common during adolescence but can become problematic if they interfere with daily life and persist over an extended period of time. The document provides a checklist of common symptoms of depression and advises seeking help from a medical professional if several symptoms are experienced nearly every day for at least two weeks. It also offers self-help strategies teenagers can use to help manage feelings of sadness, such as exercising, spending time with friends, getting sufficient sleep, and adopting a more positive outlook.
The document discusses mental health problems in India. It begins by defining mental health and outlines some common mental health issues people face such as anxiety, behavioral disorders, bipolar disorder, and emotional regulation issues. It then lists some common reasons for mental health problems like death of a loved one, divorce, financial issues, trauma, and loneliness. Statistics about mental health in India are provided, showing many people suffer from issues like depression but there is not enough trained professionals and resources. Suggestions are made for improving employee and individual mental health through programs, education, and developing coping skills.
This document discusses teen depression, dispelling myths and providing facts. It begins with an introduction by the school counselor and prompts students to think about what depression looks like. The agenda includes defining depression, discussing diagnostic criteria like duration and intensity of symptoms, potential causes like genetics and life stressors, a wide range of signs and symptoms, preventative strategies like healthy lifestyle habits, ways to help a depressed friend through compassionate listening, treatment options including therapy and medication, and resources for further information. The presentation encourages feedback and questions.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships and impulsive behavior. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) effectively treats BPD by balancing acceptance and change strategies. DBT aims to help clients build lives worth living and teaches skills like mindfulness, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotion regulation to manage intense emotions and improve relationships. Treatment involves eliminating life-threatening behaviors, therapy-interfering behaviors, and focusing on quality of life.
Similar to Understanding personality-disorders-2016 (20)
Automated Feedback in Digital Depression Screening: DISCOVER Trial | The Life...The Lifesciences Magazine
A recent study published in The Lancet Digital Health delves into the effectiveness of automated feedback following internet-based depression screenings.
Yoga for Hypertension and Heart Diseases
Yoga Hypertension and Heart Diseases Certificate Course
Prevention and healing have been always the main purpose of yoga therapy practice. Yoga therapy is the process of empowering every individual to progress toward better health and optimal well-being through the application of the teachings and practices of Yoga therapy class. With the support of the Yoga trainer, implements a personalized and evolving Yoga therapy techniques that not only addresses the illness in a multi-dimensional manner, Pancha Kosa (Five Sheaths): Annamaya Kosha (Physical Body), Pranamaya Kosha (Energy Field), Manomaya Kosha (Mental Dimension), Vignanamaya Kosha (Psychic level of experience), Anandamaya Kosha (Bliss and Beatitude). It helps to reduce patient suffering in a progressive, non-invasive and complementary manner.
Why to study yoga Hypertension and Heart Diseases course?
Consequently, the demand for yoga therapist with specialized knowledge in yoga as a therapeutic tool, in different fields such as: health management organizations, hospitals and alcohol rehabilitation centers have grown rapidly. Studying yoga therapy as a tool to overcome and ease the symptoms of common illnesses has become extremely popular recently, due to the great therapeutic effects yoga practitioners experience in their body, mind and soul.
What you will learn from this course?
You may offer special seminars for people with similar diseases/conditions.
You will learn how to use yoga to assist in healing ailments and managing conditions?
You aim to be part of a positive change regarding health and lifestyle habits.
You want to teach people how to prevent diseases.
In group classes, you can teach your students how to become healthy.
You will feel more self-confident when approached by students that come to yoga seeking for support in their healing process.
Therapeutic applications of posture, movement and breathing.
Pre-Requisites:
This course is open to all students who wish to deepen their knowledge and application of some of the highest teachings of
Participants do not need to be yoga
Mastery of any yoga practice is not
Only yours sincere desire for knowledge and your commitment to personal
Love for Yoga is the most important eligibility factor for learning this course.
Students who want to know Yoga in totality and move beyond Asana and Pranayama, Mudra & Bandha.
Assessment and Certification
The students are continuously assessed throughout the course at all levels. There will be a written exam at the end of the course to evaluate the understanding of the philosophy of Yoga and skills of the students. Participants should pass all different aspects of the course to be eligible for the course diploma.
What do I need for the online course?
Yoga mat
Computer / Smartphone with camera
Internet connection
Yoga Blocks
Pillow or Bolster or Cushion
Strap
Notebook and Pen
Zoom
Recommended Texts
Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha by Swami
Online Live Personal Yoga Training at Home
Home Yoga
Change is Possible!
I am ready to help you, to improve your health, reduce stress and moving towards perfect peace, happiness and joy!
Show you the difference between intentional self-care and unintentional numbing out, so that you can be fully awake for all of your life
Restore your natural physical alignment, because it is critical to your health and well-being
Help you develop a practice of intentional surrender because it brings relief from stress and will improve every aspect of your life
Show you how to take care of yourself because that is the first step toward the connection you are craving with others
Restore your mind-body connection, because decision-making is so much easier when you can hear your own intuition
Home yoga course contents
The private yoga lesson consists of Power Yoga, Dynamic Yoga, Yoga Therapy for different ailments, Yoga for stress management, yoga posture (asana), yogic breathing (pranayama), guided meditation and relaxation. Sometimes the cleansing practices like Vamana Dhouti (vomiting), Jala & Sutra Neti (nasal cleaning), Laghu Sankhaprakshalana (intestine cleansing), vyutkarma & sheetkarma kapalabhati (nasal cleansing), Trataka (eye cleansing) and MSRT (immune system enhancement) are also included depending on the requirement of the participant
If you are looking for a secluded, silent, one-on-one yoga practice with personal care and attention and without any outside disturbances, private yoga lessons are perfect for you. In private yoga lessons, you save your time and energy from traveling to a distance yoga studio and practice yoga from the comfort of your home in a personal ambiance. In private yoga lessons, you learn properly with one-on-one attention from the yoga trainer. The yoga trainer also gets enough time to understand your requirements and customizes the yoga practices accordingly for your maximum health benefit.
If you are suffering from any specific health problems, private yoga lessons are ideal for you. Yoga therapy practices cannot be done in a group, it has to be done always one-on-one basis. Because your problem is different from others. In a group yoga class, the yoga practices are not addressed according to your body conditions & requirements, some of the practices in the group might be harmful to you. Moreover, if the group yoga trainer is not a qualified yoga therapist but only a yoga instructor, he may not know the yoga practices that are useful and harmful to you. Therefore, if you are suffering from any specific health conditions, you require private yoga lessons with one-on-one attention from an experienced yoga therapist for your recovery.
How many people can join in private yoga lessons?
We allow one or, maximum of two people at a time in a private yoga lesson.
Private yoga course contents
The private yoga lesson consists of Power Yoga, Dynamic Yoga, Yoga Therapy for different ailments, Yoga for stress management, yoga post
Reimbursement Bootcamp- Coding, Coverage & Payment lecture by David Farber, K...Levi Shapiro
Presentation by David Farber, King & Spalding LLP, "Reimbursement Bootcamp- Coding, Coverage & Payment". Includes a comparison of FDA and CMS – The Important Differences. Setting Expectations and Understanding Timing. FDA Approval/Clearance vs. CMS (Medicare) Coverage. “Reasonable and Necessary”
CMS coverage determination
(formal or informal);
Focus on health benefits;
Economic data is important;
Superiority endpoint often needed; Focus on Medicare beneficiaries; Public processes; Publishes proposed decisions. Information Considered by CMS. Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Clinical evidence (including FDA submissions)
External technology assessments;
Advisory committee recommendations;
Position statements by relevant groups; Expert opinions;
Public comments;
Economic and other cost-effectiveness data;
Other informal opinions. The Basics of Reimbursement
• Coverage
Is the item or service eligible for payment?
• Coding
How is the item or service identified?
• Payment
What are the payment methodologies and amounts?
Medicare Coverage:
Defined Benefit Category
Not Excluded
“Reasonable and necessary for
the diagnosis or treatment
of illness or injury or to improve
the functioning of a malformed
body member.”
— Social Security Act § 1862(a)(1)(A). CMS and Its Contractors Make
Medicare Coverage Decisions
• National Coverage
Determinations (NCDs)
• Local Coverage
Determinations (LCDs)
• Individual Consideration
National Coverage
Determinations (NCD):
National and binding decision by CMS
Coverage and Analysis Group (CAG).
May be requested by anyone
(CMS or external party.)
Public process that generally takes
9-12 months once initiated.
May include certain conditions for coverage (including Coverage with Evidence
Development (CED)). Coverage with Evidence Development (CED). Evidence-based coverage paradigm
that permits CMS to develop
coverage policies for treatments
that are likely to show health benefits
for Medicare beneficiaries but for
which the evidence base is not
sufficiently developed. Two kinds of CED: (1) clinical study
and (2) registry. Local Coverage
Determinations (LCD):
Issued by local Medicare
Administrative Contractors (MACs).
May be requested by anyone
(MAC or external party.)
New formal process in 2019 to
request LCDs.
Limited to particular MAC jurisdiction. Medicare Administrative Contractors. Coding is the “language of
reimbursement.”
Coding operationally links
coverage and payment.
Having a code does not
guarantee reimbursement! TYPE OF CODE, CODING SYSTEM, WHO SETS CODE? WHO USES CODE? Diagnosis, Procedure or Service, Products and Certain Services, Drugs. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) Codes. Maintained by the AMA CPT Editorial Panel.
Identify medical services furnished by physicians.
5-digit numeric codes with generic descriptors.
Three types of CPT codes. Application process takes at least 15 months for Category I codes, with specific clinical data requirements.
Attitude and Readiness towards Artificial Intelligence and its Utilisation: A...ShravBanerjee
AI is a hot topic in recent days... We students of IPGME&R, Kolkata, India have done a study on Attitude, Readiness and Utilization of AI by medical students.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
Our study showed that:
1. Nearly half of the study participants showed a favorable attitude towards role of AI in healthcare
2. Around three-fifth of the participants could define basic concepts of data sciences and AI and were ready to choose AI based applications for healthcare; they were willing to accept AI usage despite feeling a lack of cognitive skills
3. Most of them used AI-based applications for studying (ChatGPT), however, some of them faced difficulties in using them
Thank you!
Revolutionize Pain Management with Almagia’s PEMF Devices Shop Now.pptxALMAGIA INTERNATIONAL
In this blog, we will dig into some scientific studies that highlight the effectiveness of Almagia’s PEMF devices for sale and how they have transformed the landscape of pain management.
Role of Physiotherapy management in lumbar canal stenosis.Anjali Rana
Lumbar canal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back, often causing compression of nerves and resulting in pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs. This condition typically develops gradually, impacting mobility and quality of life, necessitating tailored medical management or surgical intervention for relief.
Yoga Nidra Retreat in Bangalore
Yoga Nidra Retreat in Bangalore
A restful night is key to a healthy lifestyle. The reason behind many health issues that most people have from the modern way of living is nothing but lack of proper sleep. Well, it’s not like they don’t want to sleep, lack of time, an after-effect of day-long stress, and long-term anxiety trigger sleeplessness and thus respective disorders as well.
As per the recent survey, the insomnia percentage in India is above 33%, and the people who are most likely to be impacted with sleep deprivation hover around 52%. These numbers are higher compared to other countries.
Are you one of those populations suffering from sleeplessness and health issues due to lack of proper sleep? If Yes, then you must know that Yoga is the only way to get out of your situation to ensure restful nights after daylong stress and busy working schedules throughout the week.
Besides, even scientific studies prove that frequent consumption of stress-relieving, depression, or sleeping pills is not at all good for health and the brain. In such a scenario, Yoga is the only effective and probably most reliable way to get your sleep on track. Karuna Yoga Vidya Peetham will be on your side as a reliable Weekend Yoga Nidra Retreat in Bangalore.
Yoga Nidra aims at activating the relaxation response and improving the nervous and endocrine system functioning to ensure peaceful nights and active working hours.
Benefits:
An emphasis on some of the more Eastern practices (like yoga nidra, including pranayama, kriyas, mantras).
A peaceful location – the perfect setting for a Yoga Nidra Retreat.
Deepen your yoga practice and take it to the next level.
Retreat Curriculum Details
Practice Relaxation & Preparation for Yogic Sleep
Introduction to the concept and practices of relaxation
Relaxation in daily life
Sequence of relaxation practices
Tension & relaxation exercises
Systematic relaxation exercises
Preparations for Yoga Nidra
Mantra chanting
Introduction to mantra science
Morning prayers & Evening prayers
Surya-namaskar 12 mantras along with bija mantras
Pranayama Practices
Establishment of diaphragmatic breath
Different practices of pranayama
Yoga Nidra philosophy, Lifestyle, & Yoga Ethics
What is Yoga Nidra?
Philosophy of Yoga Nidra
Yoga Ethics
What Makes This Retreat Special
The practice of Yoga Nidra has been secret and imparted to those few yogis who have mastered their sleep. In Indian Mythology, there occurs a unique concept of sleep. We often find even the trinity of the universe Lord Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva under the domination of sleep.
The course will explore the concept of Yoga Nidra details at theoretical and practical levels. This is designed to assist students of yoga to understand and experience the deeper layers of their personalities.
Type: Yoga Nidra Retreat
Date: 11th Sep 2021
Duration: 2 days
Location: Bangalore outskirt, India.
Food: Vegetarian
Accommodation
Shared Dormitory
Room
CHAPTER THREE: MUDRA AND BANDHA
Chapter 3 Verse 1 Kundalini is the support of yoga practices
As the serpent (Sheshnaga) upholds the earth and its mountains and woods, so kundalini is the support of all the yoga practices.
Chapter 3 Verse 2 Guru’s grace and opening of the chakras
Indeed, by guru's grace this sleeping kundalini is awakened, then all the lotuses (chakras) and knots (granthis) are opened.
Chapter 3 Verse 3 Sushumna becomes the path of prana and deceives death
Then indeed, sushumna becomes the pathway of prana, mind is free of all connections and death is averted.
Chapter 3 Verse 4 Names of sushumna
Sushumna, shoonya padavi, brahmarandhra, maha patha, shmashan, shambhavi, madhya marga, are all said to be one and the same.
Chapter 3 Verse 5 Sleeping goddess is awakened by mudra
Therefore, the goddess sleeping at the entrance of Brahma’s door should be constantly aroused with all effort by performing mudra thoroughly.
TheHistroke 340B Program Solutions | TheHistrokeTheHistroke
"Histroke's Mission is simple: Build partnerships that strengthen and protect the healthcare safety net. Our subject matter experts, technology, and solution engineers collaborate to provide innovative solutions and frameworks to help you automate 340B program management processes. Our strategy is to customize your 340B program through a combination of proprietary technology and shared perspective.
Our team is aware of the challenges you face, and we want to simplify the process for you and your partners. We do this by developing solutions to enable compliant management and oversight of the highly complex 340B program.
With 340B program knowledge, we are focused on completing 340B program audit, prescription compliance, claims audit software, 340B AI assistant, and data analytics and reporting solutions.
Etiologies of Bipolar disorders. Power Point Presentation ptxseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a complex psychiatric condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). The etiology of bipolar disorder involves a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Here's a breakdown of these etiologies:
Genetic Factors:
Family History: Bipolar disorder tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Studies indicate that having a close relative with bipolar disorder increases the risk.
Genetic Studies: Research has identified specific genetic variations associated with bipolar disorder. These include genes involved in neurotransmitter signaling, ion channel function, and circadian rhythms.
Neurobiological Factors:
Neurotransmitter Imbalance: Imbalances in neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are implicated in bipolar disorder. For example, elevated dopamine levels during manic episodes and decreased levels during depressive episodes.
Neuroendocrine Factors: Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and abnormal cortisol levels have been observed in individuals with bipolar disorder.
Neuroanatomical Factors:
Brain Structure and Function: Structural and functional abnormalities in certain brain regions are linked to bipolar disorder. These include the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, which are involved in emotional regulation and cognition.
Environmental Factors:
Stress: Stressful life events, such as trauma, loss, or significant life changes, can trigger or exacerbate episodes of bipolar disorder.
Substance Abuse: Substance use, particularly stimulants or drugs that affect neurotransmitter systems, can precipitate manic episodes or worsen the course of the disorder.
Developmental Factors:
Early Life Experiences: Adverse childhood experiences, including abuse, neglect, or chronic stress, may increase susceptibility to developing bipolar disorder later in life.
Trajectories: Some individuals may have a prodromal phase marked by subthreshold symptoms or other behavioral indicators before full-blown episodes manifest.
This presentation tells about health education for hand wash to children. Every child should know that how to keep hand clean. And maintain the good hand washing practices. Nowadays disease are easily spread through uncleaned hands.germs are habitat in their hands and then it causes different types of diseases.so, we must give the health education for hand washing to every children. And make them practice.
2. Understanding personality disorders
This booklet is for anyone who has, or thinks they
may have, a diagnosis of personality disorder.
It discusses what the diagnosis means, possible
causes and treatment approaches. It suggests ways
that you can help yourself, and contains advice for
friends and family.
3. 3
Contents
What is a personality disorder? 4
What are the different types of personality disorder? 6
What causes personality disorder? 14
Why is it controversial? 16
What treatment can help? 18
How can I help myself? 23
How can other people help? 25
Useful contacts 27
4. 4
Understanding personality disorders
What is a personality disorder?
The word ‘personality’ refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings and
behaviour that makes each of us the individuals that we are. These affect
the way we think, feel and behave towards ourselves and others.
We don't always think, feel and behave in exactly the same way – it
depends on the situation we are in, the people with us and many other
things. But we mostly tend to behave in fairly predictable ways.
Personality disorders are a type of mental health problem where your
attitudes, beliefs and behaviours cause you longstanding problems in your
life. Your experience of personality disorder is unique to you. However,
you may often experience difficulties in how you think about yourself and
others. You may find it difficult to change these unwanted patterns.
One minute I'm up and the next I'm down. It's like being on an
emotional rollercoaster but without the fun.
What are the signs of a personality disorder?
You might be given a diagnosis of personality disorder if all three of
these apply:
• The way you think, feel and behave causes you or others significant
problems in daily life. For example, you may feel unable to trust others
or you may often feel abandoned, causing you or others unhappiness.
• The way you think, feel and behave causes significant problemsacross
different aspects of your life. You may struggle to start or keep
friendships, to control your feelings and behaviour or get on with
people at work, for example.
• These problems continue for a long time. These difficult patterns may
have started when you were a child or teenager and can carry on into
your life as an adult.
5. 5
What is a personality disorder?
You may welcome your diagnosis, finding it a way to make sense of your
experience. Or you may find it more difficult to come to terms with.
It's hard to explain and it has a major impact on all of my
relationships. I see things in black and white, there are no grey
areas.
Who can diagnose me with a personality disorder?
You can only be diagnosed with a personality disorder by a mental health
professional, such as a psychiatrist – not by your GP.
If you speak to your GP about your mental health and they think you
might have a personality disorder, they can refer you to your local
community mental health team (CMHT) who will be able to assess you.
Initially I took this diagnosis of BDP as an insult, a criticism of
my whole being, but then I began to understand that it is just a
diagnosis, an explanation of why I feel as I do. Just as in a medical
situation the pain in my stomach being diagnosed as appendicitis
means that I am ill, there is a reason for the pain and I can get
treatment.
Does it mean there's something wrong with who I am?
No. We all have parts of our personality that are troublesome to
ourselves and others.
If you have a personality disorder it doesn't mean that you're funda-
mentally different from anyone else, but at times you might need extra
help. See 'How can I help myself?' on p.23 for tips on how to cope.
6. 6
Understanding personality disorders
What are the different types of personality
disorder?
Personality disorder can show itself in different ways, and specialists take
varying approaches to diagnose and understand personality disorders.
Here are some of the approaches you may come across:
• You may be given a medical diagnosis, when you are told you have a
type of personality disorder.
• Some specialists may focus on the aspects of your personality which
cause you most difficulty.
• Some specialists try to understand the problems you experience, by
working with you to identify the individual patterns and experiences in
your life.
Types of personality disorder
Psychiatrists tend to use a system of diagnosis which identifies 10 types of
personality disorder.
These types of personality disorder, and some of the characteristics
identified by them, are below. For each type, a diagnosis will not be made
if you have only one or two of the characteristics.
The types are grouped into three categories:
Suspicious Emotional and
impulsive
Anxious
paranoid borderline avoidant
schizoid histrionic dependent
schizotypal narcissistic obsessive compulsive
antisocial
7. 7
What are the different types of personality disorder?
You may find that you meet the criteria for several different types of
personality disorder. It can also be the case that a wide range of people
meet the criteria for the same disorder, despite having very different
personalities and different individual experiences.
Paranoid personality disorder
You may:
• find it hard to confide in people, even your friends
• find it very difficult to trust other people, believing they will use
you or take advantage of you
• watch others closely, looking for signs of betrayal or hostility
• read threats and danger – which others don’t see – into everyday
situations.
Schizoid personality disorder
You may:
• be uninterested in forming close relationships with other people,
including your family
• feel that relationships interfere with your freedom and tendto
cause problems
• prefer to be alone with your own thoughts
• choose to live your life without interference from others
• get little pleasure from life
• have little interest in sex or intimacy
• be emotionally cold towards others.
8. 8
Understanding personality disorders
Schizotypal personality disorder
You may:
• find making close relationships extremely difficult
• think and express yourself in ways that others find ‘odd’, using
unusual words or phrases
• behave in ways that others find eccentric
• believe that you can read minds or that you have special powers
such as a ‘sixth sense’
• feel anxious and tense with others who do not share these beliefs
• feel very anxious and paranoid in social situations.
9. 9
What are the different types of personality disorder?
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)
You may:
• put yourself in dangerous or risky situations, often without
considering the consequences for yourself or for other people
• behave dangerously and sometimes illegally
• behave in ways that are unpleasant for others
• feel very easily bored and act on impulse – you may find itdifficult
to hold down a job for long
• behave aggressively and get into fights easily
• do things – even though they may hurt people – to get what you
want, putting your needs above theirs
• have a criminal record
• feel no sense of guilt if you have mistreated others
• believe that only the strongest survive and that you must do
whatever it takes to lead a successful life because if you don’t grab
opportunities, others will
• have had a diagnosis of conduct disorder before the age of 15.
You will be at least 18 years old.
This diagnosis includes ‘psychopathy’. This term is no longer used
in the Mental Health Act but a ‘psychopathy checklist’
questionnaire may be used in your assessment.
10. 10
Understanding personality disorders
Borderline personality disorder (BPD)
You may:
• feel very worried about people abandoning you, and would do
anything to stop that happening
• have very intense emotions that last from a few hours to a few
days and can change quickly (for example, from feeling veryhappy
and confident in the morning to feeling low and sad in the
afternoon)
• not have a strong sense of who you are, and it can change
depending on who you're with
• find it very hard to make and keep stable relationships
• act impulsively and do things that could harm you (such as binge
eating, using drugs or driving dangerously)
• have suicidal thoughts or self-harming behaviour
• feel empty and lonely a lot of the time
• get very angry, and struggle to control your anger.
When very stressed, sometimes you might:
• feel paranoid
• have psychotic experiences, such as seeing or hearing things that
other people don't
• feel numb or 'checked out' and not remember things properly after
they've happened.
See Mind's in-depth resource 'Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)' to
find out more.
BPD is like having no emotional buffer. I can go from nothing
to suddenly extremely overwhelming emotions and I struggle with
expressing them healthily.
11. 11
What are the different types of personality disorder?
Histrionic personality disorder
You may:
• feel very uncomfortable if you are not the centre of attention
• feel much more at ease as the ‘life and soul of the party’
• feel that you have to entertain people
• flirt or behave provocatively to ensure that you remain thecentre
of attention
• get a reputation for being dramatic and overemotional
• feel dependent on the approval of others
• be easily influenced by others.
Narcissistic personality disorder
You may:
• believe that there are special reasons that make youdifferent,
better or more deserving than others
• have fragile self-esteem, so that you rely on others to recognise
your worth and your needs
• feel upset if others ignore you and don’t give you what you feel
you deserve
• resent other people’s successes
• put your own needs above other people’s, and demand they do
too
• be seen as selfish and ‘above yourself’
• take advantage of other people.
12. 12
Understanding personality disorders
Avoidant (or anxious) personality disorder
You may:
• avoid work or social activities that mean you must be with others
• expect disapproval and criticism and be very sensitive to it
• worry constantly about being ‘found out’ and rejected
• worry about being ridiculed or shamed by others
• avoid relationships, friendships and intimacy because you fear
rejection
• feel lonely and isolated, and inferior to others
• be reluctant to try new activities in case you embarrass yourself.
Dependent personality disorder
You may:
• feel needy, weak and unable to make decisions or function
properly without help or support
• allow others to assume responsibility for many areas of your life
• agree to things you feel are wrong or you dislike to avoid being
alone or losing someone's support
• be afraid of being left to fend for yourself
• have low self-confidence
• see other people as being much more capable than you are
• be seen by others as much too submissive and passive.
13. 13
What are the different types of personality disorder?
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)
You may:
• need to keep everything in order and under control
• set unrealistically high standards for yourself and others
• think yours is the best way of making things happen
• worry when you or others might make mistakes
• expect catastrophes if things aren’t perfect
• be reluctant to spend money on yourself or others
• have a tendency to hang onto items with no obvious value.
OCPD is separate from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), which
describes a form of behaviour rather than a type of personality.See
Mind's resource 'Obsessive compulsive disorder' for further details.
14. 14
Understanding personality disorders
What causes personality disorder?
There's no clear reason why some people develop a personality disorder
and others don't. Most researchers think that a complex mix of factors is
involved, such as:
• the environment we grow up in
• early childhood and teenage experiences
• genetic factors.
What about the environment I grew up in?
The environment we grow up in and the quality of care we receive can
affect the way our personality develops.
You may be more likely to develop personality disorder if you've
experienced:
• an unstable or chaotic family life, such as living with a parent who is
an alcoholic or who struggles to manage a mental health problem
• little or no support from your caregiver – this may be especially hardif
you experienced a traumatic event or situation
• a lack of support or bad experiences during your school life, in your
peer group or wider community.
If you had a difficult childhood or experiences like these, you might have
developed certain beliefs about how people think and how relationships
work. You might have developed certain strategies for coping which aren't
helpful in your adult life.
How might my early experiences cause personality
disorder?
Our experiences growing up can affect our personality in later life. Difficult
or traumatic experiences may lead to personality disorder, such as:
• neglect
• losing a parent or sudden bereavement
• verbal, physical or sexual abuse
15. 15
What causes personality disorder?
• being involved in major incidents or accidents.
Not everyone who experiences a traumatic situation will develop these
problems. The way you and others reacted to it, alongside the support
and care you received to help you cope, will have made a lot ofdifference.
Similarly, not everyone who develops a personality disorder will have had
a traumatic experience.
I have narcissistic borderline personality disorder. At first it was
difficult to accept that the problem was essentially me, my
personality. But then being able to put it into perspective as a
developmental flaw was much easier to accept – that it was simply
the way I'd developed in response to my environment and the
situations I'd experienced.
Could it be genetic?
Some elements of our personality are inherited. We are born with different
temperaments – for example, babies vary in how active they are, their
attention span and how they adapt to change.
Some experts believe inheritance may play a part in the development of
personality disorder.
16. 16
Understanding personality disorders
Why is it controversial?
The system of personality disorder diagnosis listed in this resource is the
one generally used in this country. However, some psychiatrists disagree
with its use, and many people who are given the diagnosis find it
stigmatising and unhelpful.
The diagnosis of personality disorder can be controversial because:
• specialists can disagree about the way personality disorder should be
understood
• it can be mistakenly diagnosed
• you can feel labelled or insulted by the diagnosis, or experience
stigma.
Specialists can disagree about the way personality disorder
should be understood
Some psychiatrists believe the types or categories of personality disorder
are unhelpful, because:
• most people who are diagnosed with a personality disorder do not fit
any one category and may be diagnosed with more than one
• the categories are based on how people behave when they are in
hospital, not in the community – where most people live
• some people believe the focus should instead be on what each
individual needs in order to deal with their problems and discover new
ways of living, not what category they are in.
Could my diagnosis be wrong?
Some symptoms of personality disorder can be very similar to other
mental health problems.
Depending on your mood and what's going on in your life when you speak
to your mental health professional, they might find it hard to understand
which diagnosis best fits your experiences.
17. 17
Why is it controversial?
Experiences of facing stigma
Personality disorder is a complex diagnosis that not everyone understands
well, so you might find that people hold misconceptions about you or have
a negative image of personality disorder.
In addition, the term 'personality disorder' can sound very judgemental.
Being given a diagnosis or label of 'personality disorder' can feel as if
you're being told there's something wrong with who you are. You may feel
upset, insulted and excluded.
The stigma of being violent and dangerous is the worst for me. I
am a caring and empathetic soul who would do anything for the people I
love.
It's important to remember that you're not alone, and you don't have to
put up with people treating you badly. Here are some options you can
consider:
• show people this information to help them understand more about
what your diagnosis really means
• get involved in your treatment – Mind's pages on 'Seeking help for a
mental health problem' provide guidance on having your say in your
treatment, making your voice heard and steps you can take if you're
not happy with your care
What can I do if I disagree with my diagnosis?
If you're worried that your diagnosis doesn't fit the way you feel, it's
important to discuss it with a mental health professional so you can
make sure you're getting the right treatment to help you.
See Mind's pages on 'Seeking help for a mental health problem' for
information on how to make sure your voice is heard, and what you can
do if you're not happy with your doctor.
18. 18
Understanding personality disorders
• know your rights – Mind's pages on legal rights provide more
information
• take action with Mind – see our 'Campaigns' page for details of the
different ways you can get involved in helping us to challengestigma.
What treatment can help?
There are a range of treatments that can help you if you experience a
personality disorder:
• Talking treatments
• Medication
• Having a say in your treatment.
All my life I have felt different, alienated and completelyalone.
It is only since my diagnosis of BDP that I began to understand
why and, with help, to realise that I could actually do something
to change those feelings and feel that I can achieve a lifeworth
living.
Can things improve for me?
Sometimes people assume that it's not possible for us to change,
especially when it comes to our personality. But research is showing
that this isn't the case.
With time, with the right treatment for you and with helpful
relationships with others, it is possible for things to change and
improve.
19. 19
What treatment can help?
Talking treatments
Research is ongoing into what treatments help people with personality
disorder. More research is needed but some talking treatments have been
found to help.
Depending on where you live and the problems you want help with, the
following talking treatments may be available to you:
• Arts therapies are a way of using the arts – for example, music, art,
dance or drama – in a therapeutic environment with a trained
therapist. See Mind's pages on 'Arts therapies' for more information.
• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) looks at how your feelings,
thoughts and behaviour influence each other and how you can change
these patterns.
• Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) combines CBT's practical methods
with a focus on the relationship between you and your therapist. This
can help you reflect on how you relate to people (including yourself)
and why these patterns have developed. You can read more about
CAT on Mind's pages about 'Talking treatments'.
• Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) – a treatment specifically
developed for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). It uses individual
and group therapy to help you learn skills to manage your emotions.
See Mind's page on 'DBT' for more information.
Since starting a course of DBT, hard as the course is, I am
finally beginning to feel that I am worth something.
• Mentalisation Based Therapy (MBT) – a long-term talking treatment
which aims to improve your ability to recognise and understand your
and other people's mental states, and to help you examine your
thoughts about yourself and others to see if they're valid.
• Schema therapy is usually a long-term talking treatment which aims
to help you change the ways of thinking (or 'schemas') which cause
you difficulty, while strengthening the ways of thinking which are
helpful to you.
20. 20
Understanding personality disorders
• Therapeutic communities (TC) – programmes where you work with a
group of other people experiencing mental health problems to support
each other to recover. Most therapeutic communities are residential
(often in a large house) where you might stay for all or part of the
week. Activities can include different types of individual or group
therapy, as well as household chores and social activities. The
Consortium for Therapeutic Communities provides a directory of
therapeutic communities in the UK (see 'Useful contacts' on p.27).
I spent 18 months as part of a Therapeutic Community, and
I'm not exaggerating when I say it's changed my life. My mood
swings are far less frequent, and it's rare that they reach the
extremes that they used to.
Avoidant personality disorder... at first it was a relief to know
that I wasn't alone in feeling the way I did – but for a couple of
months afterwards I did use the label as an excuse to behave in
particular ways and blame it on my ‘condition’. Fortunately, with the
help of CBT, I realised that I didn't have to live like that.
How can I access treatment?
You can access treatment in different ways. This may be through the
NHS, privately or through a charity or organisation. See Mind's pages
'How can I access a talking treatment?' for more information.
If you are struggling to access the treatment you need, finding an
advocate can be helpful. See our 'Advocate' pages for further details.
21. 21
What treatment can help?
Medication
There are no drugs specifically licensed for the treatment of personality
disorder. Your GP may prescribe medication to help you manage problems
such as depression, anxiety or psychosis. These medications could
include:
• antidepressants
• antipsychotics
• mood stabilisers.
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) – the
organisation that produces guidelines on best practice in health care –
recommends that you are only prescribed medication for a short time, if
you're in crisis or to treat another problem.
How can I be involved in my treatment?
A really important factor in your treatment is the relationship you form
with the professionals who are helping you – whether they are a social
worker, psychiatric nurse, therapist or psychiatrist. Having good treatment
also depends on you being actively involved in it and having your say. You
should expect to:
• Have your say in treatment – your GP or psychiatrist should discussall
your treatment options with you, and your views and preferences
Before you take any medication
Before deciding to take any medication, make sure you have all the
facts you need to feel confident about your decision.
For guidance on the basic information you might want, see Mind's
resources on:
• 'What you should know before taking any psychiatric drug'
• 'Receiving the right medication for you'
• 'Your right to refuse medication'.
22. 22
Understanding personality disorders
should always be taken into account when making decisions about
your treatment. See Mind's resource 'Seeking help for a mental health
problem' for more information on having your say.
• Be involved in your care plan – a care plan is an agreement between
you and the professionals you're working with, about what you want
to get out of your treatment. It should include the problems you want
help with, any treatments you may need and planning for a crisis.
It was only when I met some dedicated professionals willing to
go that extra mile that I started to change and believe in myself. I
was able to begin therapy and develop a good trusting relationship
which has been consistent and secure.
When don't I have a choice in my treatment?
You may not have a choice in your treatment if you:
• do not have mental capacity – this is where you are consideredtoo
unwell to make informed decisions about a specific situation; see
our pages on the Mental Capacity Act for more information
• are being kept in hospital under a section of the Mental Health Act
(sometimes called being sectioned)
• are being treated under a Community Treatment Order (CTO) – this
means you are given supervised treatment in the community
• are being treated under a court order – this may be if you have
committed an offence.
See Mind's pages on 'Limits to your choices' for more information.
23. 23
How can I help myself?
How can I help myself?
Taking some time to make your wellbeing a priority can make a big
difference to how you're feeling. Here are some ideas:
• Talk to friends and family. It can be hard to reach out when you are
not feeling well, but sharing difficult thoughts can often make them
seem easier to handle.
• Know how to get help in a crisis. See Mind's pages on 'Crisis services'
and 'Seeking help in a crisis' for more information.
• Try online peer support. Networks like Elefriends can be a good way to
get some support if you don't feel like you can talk to the people
around you. It can also be a good way to connect with other people
who understand what you're experiencing.
• Find ways to help you cope with self-harm. If you have a personality
disorder, you may be self-harming as a way of dealing with very
difficult feelings or overwhelming situations and experiences. See
Mind's pages on 'Self-harm' for other ways to help yourself cope. You
can also access confidential advice about drugs and alcohol on the
FRANK website. Find out more information and what support may be
available in Mind's pages on 'Street drugs and alcohol'.
I learnt to be kind to myself and that life can be different if I
put the work in. Some days I forget what it feels like to be positive
and hopeful for the future, but I know it won’t last. I deserve to be
happy and live a fulfilled life and I’m not about to let an illness take
that away from me.
• Try mindfulness and relaxation. This could help you to feel calmer and
manage unhelpful thoughts. See Mind's pages on 'Mindfulness' and
'Relaxation' for more information.
• Try keeping a mood diary. This could help you identify things or
situations that trigger a change in your mood. You can then use that
information to learn how to cope with triggering situations in future.
• Get enough sleep. This can help you have the energy to cope with
24. 24
Understanding personality disorders
difficult feelings and experiences. See Mind's pages on 'How to cope
with sleep problems' for more information.
• Do regular exercise. Physical activities like dancing or going for awalk
can distract you from your current mood, and help get rid of anxious
or angry energy. See Mind's pages on 'Physical exercise, sport and
exercise' for more information.
• Eat a healthy diet. This can help you have the right nutrients and
energy to cope with things when you're having a difficult time.See
Mind's pages on 'Food and mood' for more information about how
your diet can affect the way you feel.
• Find specialist support. Organisations like Emergence offer information
and support for anyone affected by personality disorders. If you've
experienced abuse in childhood, the National Association for People
Abused in Childhood is there to support you. If you are in prison, the
Prison Reform Trust offers an advice and information service – see
'Useful contacts' on p.27 for details.
• Find local support. This can be a way to meet people with similar
experiences – Mind's Infoline can help you to find local support.
• Contact an advocate. If you feel like you're not being listened to or
treated fairly (such as when talking to doctors or accessing treatment)
an advocate can help you have your voice heard. See Mind's pages on
'Advocacy' for more information.
For more ideas about caring for yourself when you're feeling unwell, see
Mind's pages on 'Self-care'.
25. How can other people help?
25
How can other people help?
This section is for friends and family who want to support someone with a
diagnosis of personality disorder.
Someone with personality disorder may feel especially anxious about their
relationships. This can make it hard for them to always keep a good
relationship with you.
Sometimes you may find it hard to know the 'right' thing to say or how to
help. But there are lots of positive things you can do to support them:
• Try to be patient – if your loved one is struggling to deal with their
emotions, try not to get involved in an argument in the heat of the
moment. It could be better to wait until you both feel calmer to talk
things through.
• Talk to them compassionately and calmly – when someone is
experiencing difficult thoughts and feelings, their behaviour may be
unexpected or upsetting, and you may feel unsettled. Try to
understand what they're experiencing and what's affecting their
thoughts, feelings and behaviour – this can help you to stay calm.
I learnt to be kind to myself and that life can be different if I
put the work in. Some days I forget what it feels like to be positive
and hopeful for the future, but I know it won’t last. I deserve to be
happy and live a fulfilled life and I’m not about to let an illness take
that away from me.
• Don't judge them – try to listen to them. You may not understand why
they feel like this, but it can mean a lot to acknowledge and value how
they're feeling.
• Remind them of their positives – a diagnosis of personality disorder
doesn't stop someone being likeable, intelligent, kind, highly motivated
or creative. Remind them of the positives you see in them.
• Try to both set clear boundaries and expectations – it can be helpful to
26. Understanding personality disorders
26
make sure you both know where the boundaries of your relationship
are, and what you can expect from each other. This can help you both
manage difficult feelings and situations.
Tell me a problem you’re having, let me be there for you for a
change. Don’t hold back sharing difficulties in your life, I am your
friend after all. It will make me feel valuable and useful.
• Think about how you could help keep them safe – it can be scary if
you're worried someone you care about is hurting themself, or is
struggling with suicidal thoughts, but being prepared can help you
cope. See Mind's pages on 'Supporting someone who is self-harming'
and 'Supporting someone who is suicidal' for more information.
• Learn more about personality disorder, and help to challenge stigma
– personality disorder is a broad and complex diagnosis, and your
loved one may have to deal with other people's misconceptions on top
of coping with their own mental health problem. In addition to Mind,
organisations like Emergence also offer information and support.
• Help them seek treatment and support – see Mind's pages on 'How to
support someone to seek help' for more information.
• Help them find an advocate – see Mind's pages on 'Advocacy' for more
information.
• Take care of yourself – it can be upsetting and painful when a loved
one is struggling. Your own mental health is also important. Taking
care of your own wellbeing can also help you maintain the energy,
time and distance you need to be able to to help someone else. See
Mind's pages on 'Coping as a carer', 'Managing stress' and 'Maintaining
your wellbeing' for more information.
Having BPD and DPD means I can feel immense empathy and
love for others, so it’s not all doom and gloom. I’m very caring and
do lots of charity work, and love to help others. It’s easy to focus on
the downside of the disorder but it does give positive traits too.
27. The Consortium for Therapeutic
Communities
Elefriends
Emergence
FRANK
Useful contacts
Useful contacts
web: therapeuticcommunities.org
Provides a directory of therapeutic
communities in the UK.
web: elefriends.org.uk
Elefriends is a friendly, supportive
online community for anyone
experiencing a mental health
problem.
web: emergenceplus.org.uk
Service user-led organisation
supporting all people affected
by personality disorder including
service users, carers, family and
friends.
tel: 0300 123 6600
web: talktofrank.com
tel: 0808 801 0331
web: napac.org.uk
A charity supporting adult survivors
of any form of childhood abuse.
Provides a support line and local
support services.
web: nhs.uk
Provides information on different
personality disorders and treatments
which are available through the NHS.
National Institute for Health and
Care Excellence (NICE)
web: nice.org.uk
Produces guidelines on best
practice in health care, including
recommended treatments for
Borderline Personality Disorder
(BPD).
freephone: 0808 802 0060
Free 24-hour national drugs helpline. web: prisonreformtrust.org.uk
Write to (no stamp required):
Prison Reform Trust
FREEPOST ND 6125
London
EC1B 1PN
A charity working to create a just,
humane and effective penal system.
27
The National Association for People
Abused in Childhood (NAPAC)
NHS Choices
The Prison Reform Trust
29. Mind
We're Mind, the mental health charity for
England and Wales. We believe no one should
have to face a mental health problem alone.
We're here for you. Today. Now. We're on your
doorstep, on the end of a phone or online.
Whether you're stressed, depressed or in crisis.
We'll listen, give you advice, support and fight
your corner. And we'll push for a better deal
and respect for everyone experiencing a mental
health problem.
Mind Infoline: 0300 123 3393
info@mind.org.uk
mind.org.uk