The document discusses the physiological effects of breathing and pranayama. It begins by defining pranayama as breath control in yoga and how it regulates the life force energy (prana) in the body. It then describes how different yoga traditions approach teaching pranayama in relation to asana practice. The main part of the document discusses the physiology of breathing, how muscles like the diaphragm cause inhalation and exhalation by changing pressure in the lungs. It explains how breathing impacts oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood and tissues, and how different breathing patterns can affect the body and mind.
The document discusses the integrated approach of yoga therapy according to Dr. Shamanthakamani Narendran. It discusses the concepts of health, disease, and the body according to modern science and ancient yogic texts. It explains that stress originating from the mind can manifest physically as psychosomatic illnesses. Yoga helps reduce stress at the mental, pranic, and physical levels through techniques like asanas, pranayama, and meditation to achieve perfect health and prevent disease.
Mudras are hand gestures that are used in yoga and meditation to stimulate different parts of the body and affect the flow of energy. There are various types of mudras including hand mudras and head mudras. Mudras work to balance the five elements in the body and stimulate the chakras when bringing the thumb and fingers together. Regular practice of mudras can help build immunity, cure diseases, and lead to higher states of consciousness. Bandhas are techniques used along with mudras and pranayama to control prana and draw energy into the core of the body.
Yoga Nidra is a relaxation technique that involves inducing a state of complete physical, mental, and emotional relaxation while maintaining inner awareness. It is practiced through preliminary body and mind relaxation, rotating awareness through different body parts, visualization, and reflection before returning to external awareness. Regular practice of Yoga Nidra provides benefits such as effective stress management, psycho-physiological rejuvenation, prevention of psychological disorders, trauma rehabilitation, and increased memory and concentration.
The document provides an overview of pranayam (yogic breathing techniques) including:
1) It defines key terms like puraka (inhalation), kumbhaka (retention), and rechaka (exhalation) and explains how the breath is visualized as filling and emptying the body like a pot.
2) It describes the benefits of pranayam such as activating the life force energy (prana), improving oxygen flow, reducing stress, and quieting the mind.
3) It discusses the nadis (energy channels) and chakras (energy centers) that pranayam influences, and how freely flowing prana leads to
Pranic healing is an ancient technique that uses life energy or prana to heal the physical body and energy body. It involves manipulating the bioplasmic matter and energy of the patient's body to accelerate self-healing. The energy body comprises the inner and outer aura and becomes disturbed before manifestations in the physical body. Pranic healing works by removing diseased bioplasmic matter and projecting healthy prana or life energy from the healer to cleanse and reenergize the patient.
The document provides an overview of the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, a 15th century text that is a foundational scripture of Hatha yoga. It describes the text as illuminating physical, mental and spiritual problems for yoga practitioners. It outlines the four chapters of the text, which cover asanas, pranayama, mudras and bandhas, and samadhi. The summary highlights some of the key practices taught, including various asanas, pranayamas like nadi shodhana, and mudras and bandhas that channel energy and arouse particular states of mind.
This document provides guidelines for practicing pranayama or breathing exercises. It describes proper locations and times for practice. It also explains important concepts like the five types of prana or life force (prana, apana, vyana, udana, samana) and the three major nadis or energy channels (ida, pingala, sushumna). Specific techniques are outlined for foundational pranayamas like anulom vilom, kapalbhati, and ujjayi. Benefits include purification of the subtle body and curing diseases. Precautions are mentioned for certain individuals.
This document provides information about mudras, or hand gestures used in yoga and meditation. It discusses:
- Mudras are over 5,000 years old and originate from Vedic science. They involve specific hand positions that guide energy to different parts of the body.
- Mudras are used to harmonize and heal the mind, body, and spirit. Regular practice can help build immunity, cure diseases, and lead to higher states of consciousness.
- There are different types of mudras that target specific areas like the throat, heart, or solar plexus chakra. Mudras like lotus and shunya mudra promote qualities like purity, love, balance, and wisdom.
The document discusses Shatkarma, which are six preparatory practices in yoga used to purify the body. These practices remove impurities from the internal organs and balance the doshas (life forces) in the body. The six practices are: Neti (nasal cleansing), Dhauti (intestinal cleansing), Nauli (abdominal massage), Basti (lower intestinal cleansing), Trataka (eye cleansing), and Kapalabhati (lung cleansing). Each practice has specific techniques and benefits the body in different ways, such as removing toxins, improving digestion, and preparing the body for more advanced yoga practices like pranayama.
Hatha yoga is a science that balances the body and mind through purification of nadis or energy channels. It originated in ancient Tantric texts and was developed between the 6th and 15th centuries by sages like Matsyendranath and Gorakshanath. The practice includes shatkarmas or cleansing techniques, asanas or poses, pranayama or breath control, mudras or psychic gestures, and bandhas or energy locks. These work in tandem to remove blockages in nadis, bringing homeostasis to the nervous system and awakening psychic abilities.
Swara yoga is the science of understanding the union of breath vibrations. It deals with the interaction between cosmic rhythms and individual breath patterns. Breath links the individual body to the cosmic body. Swara yoga emphasizes how the first and last breaths activate certain elements that influence one's life and reincarnation. It differs from pranayama in that it manipulates breath rhythms rather than controlling breath. Practicing swara yoga can attune one to natural rhythms and achieve self-awareness.
The document summarizes various physiological effects of manipulative therapy and massage therapy based on existing research studies:
1) Massage therapy can reduce pain by activating the pain gate mechanism in the brain and stimulating pressure receptors to transmit messages faster than pain receptors. It can also increase serotonin levels and decrease cortisol to reduce pain and depression.
2) Research studies show that massage therapy can significantly reduce pain, anxiety, and tension in cardiac patients. It can also decrease pain and anxiety during labor while increasing satisfaction.
3) Additional benefits of massage therapy include improved sleep quality, reduced heart rate through increased vagal activity, enhanced blood flow through vasodilation, reduced blood viscosity, and increased weight gain and food absorption in
We indian School of Yoga, established in the year of 1986. We are working for people by imparting Yoga Education to all sections of the society.
Yoga talks about joining body and mind, thoughts, balancing body and mind Yoga is often known to reduce stress , improve mood, calm the mind, improve concentration, and bring relaxation. Basic practices of Yoga include Asanas or yoga poses or postures, Pranayama or breath control, meditation, mantras and chanting.
The Gheranda Samhita is a text on Hatha yoga that describes over 100 yoga practices classified into kriyas, dhautis, bastis, lauli, kapalabhati, trataka, asanas, mudras, pratyahara, pranayama, dhyana, and samadhi. It explains these practices over seven chapters, starting with practices to strengthen and steady the physical body, then covering asanas, mudras, withdrawing the senses, breath control, meditation, and culminating in samadhi, which leads to detachment and liberation.
This document discusses back pain and yoga poses that can help. It is from the website of Satwa Yoga, which focuses on using yoga to prevent and treat psychosomatic diseases like obesity and hypertension. The document outlines what back pain is, common causes and symptoms, and problems it can cause. It then provides descriptions of yoga poses like Cobra Pose, CAT Pose, and Triangle Pose that target the back and core. Finally, it shares testimonials from satisfied customers and information about Satwa Yoga's services for individuals and corporations.
The document summarizes a workshop on Cyclic Meditation presented by Mrs. Riri G Trivedi. It discusses the concept of the human body according to modern science versus yoga, defines stress and its impacts, and introduces Cyclic Meditation as a practice developed from ancient texts that induces deep rest through alternating stimulation and relaxation cycles. The workshop demonstrates Cyclic Meditation and explains how its multi-dimensional effects provide benefits on physical, vital, mental, wisdom and bliss levels of human existence.
Meaning : The bandhas are an important part of asana practice. The Sanskrit word Bandha means to hold, tighten or lock. The bandhas aim to lock the Pranas in particular areas and redirect their flow into Sushumna Nadi for the purpose of spiritual awakening. Bandhas are the ‘body locks’ that are held by tightening and lifting of certain muscles of the body.
Types of Bandhas:
Jaladhara bandha (throat)
Uddiyana bandha (abdomen)
Moola bandha (located in the perineum)
Jalandhara Bandha – The Chin Lock :
Jalandhara bandha is one of the energetic locks used in a Hatha Yog practice.
It is also known as ‘chin lock’.
The Sanskrit meaning of Jala is ‘web’ or ‘net’ and dhara means ‘holding’.
It is performed by extending the neck and elevating the sternum before dropping the head so that the chin may rest on the chest.
Method : Jalandhara Mudra
Sit erect in meditative pose like Padmasana or Siddhasana.
Place the palms on the knees and make sure that the knees are touching the floor.
Close your eyes and relax the body. Breathe normally.
Now inhale slowly and deeply and then hold the breath.
Bend the head forward so that the chin touches the chest between the two collar bones notch/pit of the sternum.
Straighten the arms and press the knees down with the palms to create a kind of locked position. The shoulders are slightly forward to make sure the arms stay locked.
Hold this position as long as you are comfortable. Remember that the breath is held inside. Beginners should hold the breath for just a few seconds. Later it can be increased to a minute or more depending on your capacity.
To release the lock bend the arms, raise your head and exhale out. Come back to the straight position and take a few normal breaths.
Repeat the process as many times as you feel comfortable.
Benefits
It stimulates the thyroid and the para thyroid glands. Thus regulates the body metabolism.
Jalandhara Bandha helps to activate the throat (Vishudhi) chakra.
It prevents the Prana Shakti from moving upwards.
It increases the blood flow in the brain.
Jalandhara Bandha is one of the three yogic locks that have to be mastered before attempting the Maha Bandha or the triple lock.
Precautions
Avoid in high or low blood pressure, heart diseases.
Avoid in stiffness of neck, cervical spondylitis & spondylosis.
Never force your chin to touch the notch/pit of sternum.
Uddiyana Bandha- The Flying Up Lock
The word Uddiyana in Sanskrit means - to fly up, or to rise up. This ‘flying up lock’ means- flying upwards of one’s internal energy i.e. Prana.
Method
Sit erect in any meditative asan and keep your palms on the knees. Relax whole body by closing the eyes.
Inhale slowly and gradually then exhale completely so that abdomen moves inwards as much as possible with one breath.
Then perform Jalandar bandha.
Upper abdomen moves inwards underneath the rib cage with chest moving outwards is called Uddiyana bandha.
Hold this position comfortably as
The document provides information about yoga meditation centre in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. It discusses the benefits of yoga, which involves body postures, controlled breathing, meditation and mantras. Yoga can benefit physical, mental, emotional, intellectual and spiritual health. It describes different types of yoga including Hatha, Raja, Bhakti, Jnana and Karma yoga. The purpose of yoga is listed as personality growth, disease prevention and productivity. Research shows yoga can effectively manage various clinical issues like hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, obesity, skeletal problems and more. It outlines yoga poses and their benefits for specific health conditions.
Pranayama is a systematic exercise of respiration that strengthens the lungs, improves blood circulation, and promotes health and longevity. It involves controlling the entire breathing process and maintaining mental equilibrium. Regular practice can prevent diseases and calm the mind by reducing mental disturbances like anxiety. There are various types of pranayama techniques that involve manipulating inhalation, exhalation, and breath retention in different ways. Examples include Bhastrika, Kapalbhati, Bahya Pranayama, Agnisar, Ujjayee, Anulom Vilom, Bhramari, and Udgeeth. Each technique has specific methods and benefits such as improving digestion, strengthening respiratory organs, and enhancing meditation. P
Pranayama is an ancient breathing technique over 5000 years old that is mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita. Its foremost purpose is manojaya, or controlling the mind. The basic principles involve consciously slowing down and controlling the breathing process through complete inhalation and exhalation, balancing the breaths, and easy breath retention. Benefits include throwing more impurities out of the body during deep exhalation, massaging internal organs, and reducing stress. Elements of pranayama include rechaka (breathing out impure air), pooraka (drawing air in smoothly), and kumbhaka (holding the breath with ease). Regular practice provides benefits like increased lung capacity and circulation, digestion support
Preparation to yogic breathing as well as some popular methods of yogic breathing (pranayama) are mentioned here, along with some additional health tips.
Yoga originated in ancient India over 4000 years ago and is described in early Hindu scriptures. It was systematically compiled by Sage Patanjali around 150 BC. Yoga involves eight limbs including physical postures, regulated breathing, meditation, and achieving self-realization. The physical aspects of yoga like poses help relax the body and mind, while the deeper spiritual practices of meditation and breath control allow practitioners to experience higher states of consciousness and union with the divine. Regular yoga practice has benefits for both physical and mental health and well-being.
The document provides instructions for practicing pranayama or yoga breathing exercises. It recommends practicing in the morning in a dry, well-ventilated room without distractions. Some key points covered include cleaning the nostrils before practice, waiting 10 minutes after before eating, avoiding excessive talking, eating or sleeping on practice days. It also recommends starting with exhaling slowly and inhaling without retention and gradually increasing the retention time over weeks. Practitioners should feel comfortable and not experience discomfort, and should increase their practice time to 15 minutes regularly for best results.
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's talk on "Power of Pranayama" for SBV Yoga Fest 2016 organised by CYTER at Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India.
www.sbvu.ac.in/ahs/yoga
This document provides an overview of pranayama, or conscious breathing techniques. It defines pranayama as the conscious regulation of breath and discusses how it can increase vital energy in the body. The document then describes different breathing techniques like abdominal breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, and alternate nostril breathing. It explains how to perform each technique and discusses benefits like improved health, focus, and connection to inner wisdom. Tools for practice like bandhas and drishtis are also outlined to enhance the breathing exercises.
This document discusses the concept of prana or life force energy in ancient Eastern traditions. It explains that prana is the primal energy of the universe that animates all things and can be influenced through breathing techniques. The document outlines how prana flows through pathways in the body called nadis and the five major pranas that govern different bodily functions. It also discusses how Eastern traditions view consciousness and energy as preceding physical form, unlike Western views that the body comes before the mind.
Yogacharya Dr. ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI's presentation during the Plenary Session of the 6th InSPA International Conference and 3rd International Conference of the Department of Applied Psychology of Pondicherry University on 15 Oct 2016.
Regular practice of pranayama or yogic breathing techniques over 6 months can have significant physical, psychological, mental, and spiritual benefits. By slowing the breath rate to 6 breaths per minute or less, it induces coherence between the rhythms of various physiological functions like heart rate and blood pressure, which enhances the immune system and reduces inflammation. This coherence also leads to better regulation of blood sugar levels and induces calmness and clarity of mind. Pranayama activates the prefrontal cortex to manage emotional reactions and produce feelings of reduced reactivity, purposeful action, and inner peace. It restores natural rhythms in cells and organs through long-term practice.
तंत्रिका तंत्र पर योग का प्रभाव (Effect of yoga on nerves system)vishwjit verma
Effects of yoga on Nerves System ; A assignment Work Done by Dsvv M.A Human consciousness & yogic Science Student. Effect of Shatkarma , Asanas, Pranayamas, Mudra bandh, Pratyahar, dharna- Dhyana Mantra yoga, Kundalini etc On Nerves System.
visit my blog https://www.omvishwajit.blogspot.com
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's presentation on relaxation that was awarded BEST PAPER AWARD in the theme "Experiential Paradigm of Yoga in Education" in the 8th International Conference on Yoga & Education at Kaivalydhama, Lonavla, India from 27th - 30th December 2015. He received the award from the hands of Swami Maheshanandaji (Chairman Kaivalydhama) in the august presence of Dr BM Hegde and Sri DR Karthikeyan.
Concepts of Yoga explained in easy terms with reference to their relation ton the numbers. Especially useful for those wanting to learn Yoga theory in an enjoyable manner and a great gift for children. It also contains an excellent introduction to the concepts of Yantra.
To order this book and others from ICYER at Ananda Ashram, Pondicherry, India please visit www.icyer.in
Yoga is a spiritual practice that originated in ancient India. It involves eight limbs including physical postures, breathing exercises, meditation, and achieving union between the body, mind and spirit. The core of yoga practice is an eight-limbed path consisting of yamas (universal ethics), niyamas (personal observances), asanas (postures), pranayama (breathing), pratyahara (sense withdrawal), dharana (concentration), dhyana (meditation), and samadhi (blissful absorption in the divine). Surya namaskar (sun salutation) is a sequence of 12 yoga postures that provide cardiovascular benefits and can be done as a complete workout.
Yoga is defined as the union of the spirit with the soul, which can be achieved through yoga practices like those outlined in Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga. Ashtanga Yoga consists of eight limbs including yamas, niyamas, asanas, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, and samadhi. The document outlines various pranayama techniques like Surya Bhedi, Ujjayi, Sheetali, Shetkari, Bhastrika, and Bhramari pranayama and their benefits. Anulom-Vilom pranayama involves reversing the nostrils used for inhalation and
Discovering Inner Balance_ A Guide to Pranayama Yoga.pdfKnowing Overt
Unlock inner harmony with Pranayama Yoga's conscious breath control. Experience transformation, balance, and self-discovery through mindful breathing. Begin your journey now.
Yoga is an ancient practice that aims to unite the individual consciousness with the cosmic consciousness through various techniques. These techniques work to integrate the body, mind, and spirit for total health, which the WHO defines as physical, mental, and social well-being. Yoga views the human being as having five layers or koshas - from the innermost spiritual essence to the outer physical body. Practices like asanas (postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), and meditation are taught in yoga classes to create harmony between these layers and maintain health by facilitating the balanced flow of prana (life force energy) through the nadis (energy channels).
The document discusses a study on the effects of an 8-week yoga program including meditation and pranayama exercises on the mental and physical health of female college students. Key findings include significant improvements in cardiovascular endurance, reductions in resting heart rate and body fat, decreased blood pressure, and lower stress, anxiety and depression levels compared to a control group. The study hypotheses that yoga can positively impact these areas were supported.
This document provides details about the Ujjayi pranayama breathing technique. It begins with an introduction that describes Ujjayi breathing as a technique used in yoga that involves slightly contracting the throat while breathing through the nose. It then provides steps for how to perform Ujjayi breathing and lists benefits such as calming the mind and increasing oxygenation. The document concludes by offering tips and precautions for practicing Ujjayi pranayama.
The document provides an introduction to yoga, describing it as a spiritual discipline originating in India thousands of years ago that focuses on bringing harmony between the mind and body. It then discusses the history of yoga, including its origins with Shiva as the first yogi. The eight limbs of yoga are outlined according to Patanjali, including yamas, niyamas, asanas, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, and samadhi. The document then focuses on asanas (yoga postures), describing their history and purposes. Specific asanas that are beneficial for students' daily lives are defined, including virasana, matsyasana, bhu
Yoga views the human being as having five interconnected bodies - physical, energy, mental, psychic, and spiritual. It aims to bring balance between these bodies and the external world through asanas, pranayama, and meditation techniques. Scientific research has found yoga benefits both physical and mental health by harmonizing the nervous system and flow of subtle energy within the body. A qualified yoga teacher can properly instruct students in practices to enhance overall health and well-being.
yoga is an art of living. It is more of a lifestyle than a mere physical activity. this presentation takes you through the meaning and types of yoga and also sheds light on various asanas and meditation techniques.
This document provides an overview of 99 yoga pranayama techniques described by Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri Guru Maharaj. It begins by establishing pranayama as a science of controlling the vital life force (prana). The techniques are divided into 3 categories - yoga pranayamas for physical health, samayana pranayamas for introspection/meditation, and shakti pranayamas for powerful prana arousal. Many specific techniques are then briefly described, ranging from basic breathing exercises to more advanced practices for controlling inner energies. The document aims to present the full scope of known pranayama techniques while acknowledging debates around interpretations.
Yoga has been practiced for thousands of years and teaches techniques like pranayama for controlling the life force. Pranayama involves controlling the breath through techniques of inhaling, retaining, and exhaling. It has various health benefits and types including Nadi Shodhana for balancing the nervous system. Pranayama is best practiced in the morning on an empty stomach for relaxation and focus.
This document discusses the importance of breathing and respiration from both a scientific and yogic perspective. It covers:
1) The role of the respiratory system in exchanging gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells. Respiration occurs at the cellular and organism levels.
2) Yogic concepts of prana as the universal life force and different levels of pranic manifestation from minerals to humans. Pranayama involves controlling prana through breath control techniques.
3) Details of respiratory anatomy and the mechanics of breathing. It also discusses how pranayama techniques can balance the breath and expand awareness.
Yoga is an ancient Indian practice that combines physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines to achieve harmony of the body and mind. There are four main streams of yoga: karma yoga focuses on selfless service, bhakti yoga emphasizes devotion, raja yoga concentrates on meditation, and jnana yoga centers around wisdom. Key components of yoga include asanas (physical postures), pranayama (breathing techniques), and meditation. Common asanas described in the document include uttanasana, ardha chakrasana, and simhasana. Pranayama techniques like anuloma viloma, sheethali, and bhramari are beneficial for relaxation, cooling the body, and improving memory
The document discusses the importance of proper breathing and how modern lifestyles have led to bad breathing habits like chest breathing and breath grabbing. It provides tips for correcting bad habits such as belly breathing, taking pauses between breaths, and meditating on the breath to relax the body and mind. Regular breathing helps increase oxygen intake and promotes overall well-being and stress relief.
Yoga Physical education class XI- UNIT4 PPTKirtiSharma253
Yoga provides numerous physical and mental health benefits. It reduces tension, improves concentration, relaxes the body, and controls sense organs through techniques like asanas, pranayama, meditation, and yogic kriyas. Asanas include meditative, relaxing, and corrective poses. Pranayama breathing exercises like anulom vilom, kapalabhati, and ujjayi help improve respiratory function and focus the mind. Regular meditation practice lowers stress, improves sleep and concentration. Yoga is an important practice for overall well-being.
This document discusses the relationship between pranayama (yogic breathing techniques), energy, and meditation. It explains that pranayama can be used to increase and channel prana (life force energy), which is intricately linked to the mind. Stabilizing prana through practices like pranayama can help still the mind and lead to transcendent states. The document recommends using pranayama techniques like dirgha, ujjayi, kapalabhati and bhastrika before meditation to raise one's energy levels and enhance the meditation experience. It emphasizes bringing awareness to the subtle sensations of energy movement during pranayama practice in order to deepen its effects
This document discusses the nasal cycle, where one nostril is more open than the other on a cyclical basis due to autonomic nervous system activity. It also discusses how yoga teachings relate the nasal cycle to energy flows through the body and how breathing through each nostril impacts different brain hemispheres and functions. Forced breathing techniques can be used to study and influence the nasal cycle. More research is needed to understand how the nasal cycle relates to the health benefits of certain yoga breathing exercises.
The document summarizes the eight classical pranayamas as described in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika and other ancient yoga texts. It provides brief descriptions of each of the eight pranayamas - Sitkari, Sitali, Bhastrika, Brahmari, Ujjayi, Surya Bhedana, Murccha, and Plavini. It also discusses classifications of pranayama, the four functions of breath, and the importance of practicing pranayama under the guidance of a guru according to ancient yoga traditions.
Pranayama is the ancient yoga practice of breath control that dates back over 4,000 years. It is considered a more advanced practice that requires mastery of asanas first before undertaking. Pranayama involves consciously regulating the breath through prolonged inhalations, exhalations, and retentions. It helps steady the mind and brings focus. The document outlines that asanas must be consistently practiced for months to years to properly prepare the body for pranayama through improved flexibility, strength, and mindfulness. Only then can one safely begin exploring pranayama under expert guidance.
Similar to The physiological benefits of pranayama (20)
Baby ganesha sitting on the lap of lord shiva and mother parvathi vintage baz...Dokka Srinivasu
These are 2 different Baby Ganesha sitting on the Lap of Lord Shiva and Mother Parvathi vintage bazaar post cards of 19th Century in my collection.
I am sharing these in my Heritage of India blog.
http://indian-heritage-and-culture.blogspot.in/2015/09/baby-ganesha-sitting-on-lap-of-lord.html
Every person want to fulfill something in his or her life. But success is coming to those people who are moving forward to implement some action instead of just thinking. Success is coming to those who think properly with proper and dedicated planning.
Every person has infinite potential within him/her. These 18 principles are useful as how a person use his infinite potential to succeed in life.
I prepared this power point presentation and i hope many people will benefited with this presentation to succeed in their Goals and Life. All the best to the readers those who study and implement these principles.
Maithreem Bhajatha song by smt. m.s. subbulakshmi at united nationsDokka Srinivasu
Maithree Bhajatha Song by Srimati M.S. Subbulakshmi at United Nations
http://srimati-ms-subbulakshmi.blogspot.in/2012/04/maithree-bhajatha-song-by-srimati-ms.html
This document contains descriptions of three philatelic items related to Louis Braille in the collector's possession: a Louis Braille Maxim Card from an unknown source, a Louis Braille First Day Cover issued by the Indian Postal Department, and a Louis Braille Birth Bicentenary stamp issued by Sri Lanka to commemorate his life and inventions that enabled literacy for the blind.
Lord shiva with young ganesh mythological post cardDokka Srinivasu
This is my mythological post card. i share this in my heritage of india blog.
http://indian-heritage-and-culture.blogspot.in/2012/04/lord-shiva-with-young-ganesha.html
Heritage of India, Taj Mahal Post Card
I shared this in my heritage of India blog.
http://indian-heritage-and-culture.blogspot.in/2012/04/taj-mahal-post-card.html
Sri Rama Navami is celebrated on April 1st, 2012 to mark the birth and wedding of Lord Sri Rama. The document shares some images of Sri Rama Navami celebrations in Telugu language obtained from two Singapore Telugu association websites, singapore telugu samajam and Singapore telugu mithrulu.
The philosophical foundations of Hinduism are based on the Vedas, direct personal experience through meditation, ethics for social order, and the belief that suffering stems from ignorance of the eternal self. Samkhya philosophy sees reality as having two aspects - Purusha, the pure self, and Praktiri, the material source. Advaita Vedanta claims there is only one reality of Atman/Brahman appearing separate due to Maya. Yoga uses spiritual disciplines like breathing, postures, and meditation to achieve self-knowledge or union with Brahman. The yoga described here differs from modern Western yoga by focusing more on spiritual goals rather than solely physical fitness.
The document summarizes early civilizations and religions in India. It describes the Harappan civilization and the arrival of the Aryans who composed sacred texts known as the Vedas. It also outlines the development of Hinduism, including the caste system, key beliefs like karma and reincarnation, major gods like Brahman, Vishnu, and Shiva, and how Hinduism is also known as Sanatana Dharma.
Hinduism originated in India in approximately 1500 BC. It has no single founder but is known as Sanatana Dharma. Hindus believe in reincarnation and karma. The three main Hindu gods are Brahma the creator, Vishnu the most powerful god, and Shiva the destroyer. Hindus can follow the path of devotion, knowledge, or works. Daily rituals include offerings, prayers, and meditation. Festivals celebrate the gods. The caste system and stages of life are important social structures. Some criticize depictions of Hinduism that are seen as demeaning.
The document discusses the importance of maintaining and promoting Vedic culture. It outlines that Vedic culture encompasses spirituality, philosophy, religion, rituals, arts, and culture. It provides profound insights into life's purpose. The document calls on Brahmans and the Hindu community to take leadership in educating about Vedic values and passing traditions to younger generations. Actions proposed include community building programs, exposure to Vedic philosophy, and participation in spiritual practices and ceremonies. The overall goal is to protect Vedic culture from attacks and for it to be accessible to all.
The document discusses the Upanishads, which are part of the Vedic literature in Hinduism. It outlines three key components for spiritual knowledge: a guru, sacred texts, and experience. It then summarizes several important Upanishads, explaining their philosophical teachings and dialogues. The Upanishads seek to understand existence, life, death, the soul, universe, and God through mystical experiences and questions. They form the foundation of Hindu philosophy and theology.
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world originating between 4000-2000 BC in India. It has no single founder but is based on the Vedas, the oldest scriptures. Hindus believe in concepts like dharma, karma, samsara, moksha and worship gods like Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva. Major festivals celebrate various gods and harvest seasons. The religion also has diverse philosophies like Advaita, Vishishtadvaita and six schools of thought.
The role of Hindu Dharma & Our role in Hindu Dharma Dokka Srinivasu
Hinduism is also known as Sanatana Dharma or the eternal principles of righteousness. Dharma refers to the universal principles and laws that sustain natural order and bring peace, harmony, and progress. It includes morality, ethics, justice, and is based on experiments and experiences over thousands of years, making it a super-scientific knowledge system. Dharma sustains individuals and society through upholding virtues like fortitude, forgiveness, self-control, non-violence, purity, and wisdom.
Mohandas Gandhi, known as the Mahatma or "Great Soul", led successful non-violent protests in India that ultimately forced the British to leave and allow India to govern itself. Through non-cooperation strategies like boycotting British goods and producing their own cloth and salt, Gandhi and his followers disrupted the British economy and drew international attention to their cause. Despite facing repeated imprisonment, Gandhi continued his non-violent campaigns until India achieved independence in 1947 without the use of weapons or violence.
Vintage cigarette cards of maharajas of indiaDokka Srinivasu
This document describes a collection of 3 vintage cigarette cards featuring Maharajas from India. The cards provide portraits and information about Indian royalty from earlier eras. The collection preserves a glimpse into India's history of princely states ruled by Maharajas.
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What will happen in the last days and how the wise should prepare themselves as we enter the last days. (Matthew 25:1-13) (12 Nov 2017)
Here is the soundtrack here: https://soundcloud.com/lilian-yap-1980/the-wise-the-foolish?si=c2bc98259ff74c4d8587ad70d8bec006&utm_source=clipboard&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=social_sharing
View the PPT here https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/12-nov-2017-the-wise-the-foolish-sermon-ppt-ppt/269974498
Set Free_Set Free from Pride Sermon.pptxStephen Palm
The inspiration for this series was an exercise that we did together at the Good Friday service. Those attending were challenged to anonymously write down a sin that was a persistent problem in their life. We tabulated the results and created this series entitled "Set Free." During this series we will look at the seven top responses and explore how Jesus can set us free from these sins. This week we take on the first topic: Set Free from Pride.
1. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PRANAYAMA
by Aoife Brennan
Pranayama is a sanskrit word composed of the words ‘prana’ meaning vital life-
force and “ayama” meaning restraint. The word pranayama thus translates as the regu-
lation or control of life-force. The word prana has been trans-
lated as many things including air, breath, spirit, life-force, en-
ergy, subtle energy, vital energy, soul and principle of life, all es-
sentially trying to convey the all-pervasiveness and vastness of
the life-sustaining energy of the universe which the word prana
represents (Apte, 1965). Prana is a concept central to the prac-
tices of yoga where it is believed to flow through channels in
the body called nadis. In relation to yogic practices pranayama
Fig 1. A drawing from an an-
is usually translated more directly as breath control (Feuer-
cient parchment showing the
stein, 1998). An alternative root of the word is given by Rama- main nadis of the body. The
artist has drawn some outside
murti Mishra who says that “Expansion of individual energy the body for purpose of clarity
but they are all located within
into cosmic energy is called pranayama” which gives a deeper the body
insight into the purpose of pranayama to a yoga practitioner.
Pranayama channels the prana in the body to calm, rejuvenate and uplift the mind. It
serves as an important bridge between the external, active and highly physical practice
of yoga asana and the subtle internal practices that lead the yogi into deeper states of
meditation.
The ancient practice of yoga was composed into a darshan (philosophy) by Patan-
jali in his book Patanjali Yoga Sutra. In this book he formulated yoga as an eight-
limbed path, of which pranayama is the fourth limb. Chapter 2, sutra 49 describe
pranayama as “Tasmin sati svasaprasvasayor-gitivicchedah pranayamah”, “Regulation of
1
2. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
breath or the control of prana is the stoppage of inhalation and exhalation, which fol-
lows after securing that steadiness of posture or seat” (Yoga Sutras, 2:49). Here, Patan-
jali is stating that only those that have mastered their physical
body through asana, such that they can comfortably sit for long
periods of time, can progress to practicing pranayama. As a
consequence, there are differences of opinion between the
major yoga traditions on when a student should be introduced
to the practice of pranayama. In the integral yoga tradition
propounded by Swami Satchidananda, pranayama is incorpo-
rated into every yoga class. A typical session starts with asana,
moves on to pranayama and ends with seated meditation but
Fig 2. A representation of only at advanced levels are techniques such as breath reten-
Patangali. Hindu tradition
states that when all the mu- tion (Kunbacha) or the chin lock (jalandhara bandha) intro-
nis and rishis approached
Lord Vishnu for a means to duced. In Ashtanga ujjayi breathing is taught alongside mula
cure illness (physical, mental
and emotional) he gave them bandha (root lock) and uddiyana bandha (abdominal lock).
the serpent Adishesha with
1,000 heads (the symbol of These concepts are introduced to beginners and carried along
awarness) who took birth in
the world as Maharishi
and developed in conjunction with the asana practice. The
Patangali.
practitioner is guided to some degree in this but, like that as-
ana practice, the ujjayi breath develops with yoga practice and a deeper understanding
of the asana. Seated pranayamas are also taught as part of this tradition but usually
only after a practice of three to five years and the mastering of at least the primary se-
ries of asanas. There are six different pranayamas taught as a series and each one is
built on the previous technique and are practiced with the eyes open (Cummins, Yoga
Journal). Iyengar yoga, like ashtanga, only introduces separate pranayama practices after
a students has a strong asana practice but no specific breathing technique is not taught
to beginners in conjunction with the asana. Ujjayi breath is taught but only as a sepa-
2
3. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
rate practice after the yogi has first been guided through a supine breath awareness
practice which is done lying down with the chest and head supported to allow com-
plete focus on the breath and very precise directions are given to develop breathing
awareness.
The Physiology of Breathing and Respiration
The lungs by themselves are immobile, sponge-like organs consisting of a microfine
network of tiny air-sacks called alveoli. The alveoli
sit at the end of a series of branch like tubules that
spread out from the trachea (windpipe) in the chest.
The lungs are encased in a the thoracic cavity
which is formed by the ribs, spine, diaphragm and
an array of muscles both big and small. It is the
concerted action of the muscles that brings about
Fig 3. Structure and blood supply
the process of breathing. Unlike many other inter- of the alveoli of the lungs
nal processes of the body, such as pumping blood
and moving of food through the digestive system, breathing results from semi-
conscious and habitual contraction of muscles that can be
brought to conscious awareness if desired. It is the cultivation of
this awareness that is the foundation of all pranayama practices
and it is the choice of muscles that we choose to move the lungs
that determines the type of breath we take. At the end of a nor-
mal exhale, the thoracic cavity is at equal pressure with the out-
side of the body. The contraction of the diaphragm and/or other
Fig 4. The thoracic cavity is
encased in the ribs, dia- muscles of the thoracic cavity increases the space in the cavity
phragm and surrounding
skeletal muscles
3
4. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
and therefore decreases the pressure causing
air to rush into the lungs from outside. When
these muscles relax, space in the cavity de-
creases causing the pressure to increase. This
forces the air out of the lungs until the pres-
sure is yet again equal with that of the exter-
nal environment (Fig 4.). Therefore, in normal
breathing, inhalation is active as muscle con-
traction is required and exhalation is passive
Fig 5. The role of the diaphragm in chang-
as no energetic input is needed. ing the pressure in the lungs in breathing.
On a cellular level, breathing is the body’s way of absorbing oxygen and excreting
the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the body when sugars are metabolised to pro-
duce energy. The body is capable of detecting oxygen levels in the blood but the pri-
mary determinant of the breathing urge is CO2 levels. These levels can profoundly af-
fect the physical and mental states of the body in many ways. CO2 is a primary regula-
tor of the acid-alkaline balance of the body which determines the rate of activity of
other biochemical processes. Breathing that is too slow or shallow can cause respira-
tory acidosis (acidic blood) resulting in headaches, confusion and anxiety.
Rapid shallow breathing patterns are often associated with people living with
stress where the depleted oxygen levels aggravate the mind further in a vicious cycle.
This is largely due to the fact that, unlike the other organs, the brain need a constant
oxygen supply in order to maintain it’s functional and structural integrity. Long-term
rapid shallow breathing (often caused by poor posture or weak muscles) can result in
the rib cage and surrounding muscles becoming stiff causing inhalation to become
more difficult and deeper breathing almost impossible. Less elasticity and weak mus-
4
5. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
cles leave stale air in the tissues of the lungs, preventing fresh oxygen from reaching
the blood stream. The resultant poor oxygen supply can cause respiratory disease, de-
crease mental alertness, sluggishness
or heart disease.
Rapid deep breathing, or hy-
perventilation, is usually caused by
anxiety and causes low blood CO2
levels. This shifts the body’s pH to-
wards alkaline, weakening the im-
mune system. CO2 helps dilate
Fig 6. The anatomy of an asthma attack. smooth muscle tissue and insufficient
CO2 can cause spasms throughout the
body including the brain and bronchi.. Good examples are the spasms that take place
during asthma attacks and migraines. Therefore, it is evident that the quality and depth
of the breath can have profound and varying physiological effects on both the body
and mind.
The Consequences of Breath Regulation
Too much CO2 and not enough oxygen creates sluggishness and depression and
can contribute to anxiety and panic attacks. Long, deep inhales raise oxygen levels to
rebalance the blood oxygen levels. Examples of pranayama techniques that involve ex-
tended inhalation include ujjayi breathing and the yogic breath.
Too much oxygen and not enough CO2 can create an agitated state. Controlled,
long exhales conserve CO2 , rebalances the system and ensures the complete elimina-
5
6. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
tion of toxins that can build up with inefficient exhalation. Examples of pranayamas
involving extended exhales include viloma and brahmari breath.
Breath retention or “kumbhaka” takes two forms in pranayama. Holding the
breath in (antara kumbhaka) and holding the breath out (bahya kumbhaka). This prac-
tice increases heat in the body, improves concentration as mental activity is restricted
and increases lung capacity.
Regardless of the pranayama technique employed pranayama should always follow
some basic principles:
Breathing exercises should never be pushed to the point of weariness or exhaustion.
Exercises should not be repeated too often.
They should not be merely mechanical.
There should be no hurry or haste.
Attention should be concentrated on the exercise while it is being performed.
There should always be variety and change in the exercises.
Exercise should always be gentle and nonviolent.
Breathing should not be jerky or irregular, but smooth, steady and continuous.
A selection of pranayama techniques and their physiological effects
Abdominal Breathing
Abdominal or ‘diaphragmatic” breathing consists mainly of breathing deep down into
the abdomen by changing the position of the diaphragm. When you inhale the dia-
phragm gently descends into the abdomen pushing the stomach forward with no strain.
When exhaling you gently allow the stomach to return to its normal position. We often
use this low breathing when we are sleeping or hunched forward. Conscious diaphrag-
6
7. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
matic breathing is extremely relaxing to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) which is
essential preparation for deep meditation. The ANS controls
heart rate, digestion, respiration rate perspiration and diame-
tre of the pupils. With this breathing more air is taken into
the lungs than in chest breathing as the lower lobes of the
lungs are larger that the upper lobes. The abdominal organs
are also massaged by the movements of the diaphragm and
the celiac (solar) plexus never centre is stimulated. Abdomi-
nal breathing has been shown to improve quality of life in
breast cancer patients after a mastectomy (Kim et al., 2005), Fig 7. Abdominal breathing
reduce the occurrence of non-sleep bruxism (Ando and Sa-
kurai, 2006) and relieve anxiety of women diagnosed with preterm labour (Shim and
Chang,, 2006). Abdominal breathing, combined with the rhythmical pumping of the dia-
phragm helps turn on the parasympathetic nervous system - our “rest and relax” re-
sponse.
Dirgha pranayama or “yogic breath’
Also know as the three-part breath, dirgha pranayama is done seated and involves taking
a full breath in three separate inhalations, each with a short pause between them; the
first deeply into the abdomen as far as the rib cage, the second into the rib cage expand-
ing the ribs and finally all the way up to the chest and clavicles which actually lift slightly
as the lungs fill with air. The exhale is also done in three parts but in the opposite direc-
tion, clavicles descending first, then ribs and abdomen, again each with a short pause in
between. This is a slow deep breath that utilises all the alveoli in the lungs, flushing the
entire lungs with fresh air and allowing for greater percentage of oxygen to be in hales
making oxygen/CO2 exchange more efficient.
7
8. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
Ujjayi pranayama
The ujjai breath (”victorious breath”) is best know for it’s use throughout the asana prac-
tice in Ashtanga yoga but it is a separate pryanayama technique in itself involving the
gently contraction and lifting of the uddiyana bandha and the mula bandha to lift the
breath up into the thoracic cavity. It can be practiced with or without kumbhakas. It is
also know as the ocean breath due to the sound made by the gentle engagement of the
jalandhara bandha in the throat to create some resistance to the passage of air. This
sound should become more subtle as the practitioner advances in both asana and
pranayama so that it is audible to only the practitioner themselves. In the yoga sutras
Patanjali suggests that the breath should be dirga (long) and suksma (smooth). It is a bal-
ancing and calming breath which build up internal heat and increases oxygenation
(Telles and Desiraju, 1991).
Nadi shodhana
This pranayama is also known as alternate nostril breathing as the thumb of the right
hand is used to close the right nostril and the ring finger of the same hand is used to
close the left nostril. One round consists of inhaling
through one nostril for a defined length of time (varying
from person-to-person) and exhaling for the same length
of time the same side. This nostril is then closed and the
same breath is repeated through the other nostril. In a
controlled study is was shown that breathing through the
Fig 8. Alternate nostril
right nostril resulted in a significant increase of 37% in breathing
baseline oxygen consumption, alternately breathing
through both nostrils showed and 18% increase while breathing through the left nostril
resulted in a 24% increase. The left nostril pranayama group showed in increase in volar
galvanic skin resistance, the electrical resistance of the skin which is a measure of emo-
8
9. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
tions in people that is part of the polygraph test. Fear, anger, startle response, sexual feel-
ings are all among the emotions which may produce similar GSR responses. An increase
is interpreted as a reduction in sympathetic nervous system activity (Telles et al. 1994).
These results suggest that breathing selectively through either nostril could have a
marked activating effect or a relaxing effect on the sympathetic nervous system.
Viloma pranayama
Viloma means against the natural order of things. In viloma pranayama, inhalation or ex-
halation is done with several pauses. It teaches the practitioner how to fully utilise the
entirety of the rib cage and how to direct the breath into specific areas of the chest en-
suring a deep breath. Viloma can also be practiced through alternate nostrils and is
called anuloma viloma. Viloma aerates the lungs and improves the muscle tone of the
breathing muscles. Both anuloma viloma and viloma have been said to lower blood pres-
sure, however the only controlled scientific study showed that there was an increase in
systolic blood pressure probably due to cutaneous vasoconstriction as shown by the si-
multaneous decrease in digit pulse volume (Telles et al., 1993). Both practices have also
been shown to increase oxygen consumption and therefore may be of benefit to the
obese who are known to have a lowed resting metabolic rate than the non-obese (Dunani
et al., 1986).
Brahmari pranayama
Brahmari means bumble bee. In this breathing practice
your lips are shut, the ears and eyes closed with the fin-
gers and you gently and smoothly make the sound like a Fig 9. Brahmari pranayama involves
humming like a bumble-bee to cre-
humming bee in your throat. The vibrations can be felt in ate vibrations.
the throat, jaws and face and can be done by anyone re-
gardless of age or fitness level. At the moment there are not detailed scientific studies
9
10. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
conducted on brahmari pranayama alone but proposed benefits include invigoration of
the thyroid gland increasing metabolism, curing migraine and triggering serotonin re-
lease resulting in balanced moods although altered serotonin levels has been implicated
in causing migraines so caution must be observed.
Sitali pranayama
Sitali is also called tongue hissing due to the sound produced when practicing it. The
tongue is curled up into a tube and during inhalation the air passes over the moist
tongue, cooling down and refreshing the throat. The tongues is drawn back into the
mouth and the lips are closed at the end of the inhalation and the exhalation takes place
either through the throat or alternately through the nostrils. This is a cooling pranayama
which is though to have developed from observation of how animals breath to cool down
using their tongues.
Kapalabhati
Kapalabhati means skull shining breath and is one of the cleansing techniques of yoga. If
there is mucus in the air passages or tension and blockages in the chest it is often helpful
to breath quickly. In this practice the diaphragm and associated muscles are used to
“pump” the air rapidly out of the lungs in a forced exhalation. This is followed by a rapid
but passive inhalation. “Bhati” means “that which brings lightness”. One must be careful
with this technique because there is a danger of creating great tension with the breath or
one may become quite dizzy when breathing becomes rapid. For this reason kapalabhati
is usually concluded with some deep slow breaths. One study showed that kapalabhati
modifies the autonomic status by increasing sympathetic activity (”fight-or-flight”) with
reduced vagal activity (Vagus nerve innervates the lungs and stomach, increases heart
rate and blood pressure) (Raghuraj et al., 1998).
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11. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
Conclusion
Due to the semi-conscious nature of breathing we rarely observe our breath but
since out state of mind is reflected in the way we breath, it follows that by controlling
our breath we can learn to control out state of mind. A calm, peaceful mind is content
and non-violent and more receptive to the sense withdrawal (pratyahara) and deep
concentration (dharana) that bring about states of meditation. The health benefits are
scientifically proven with researchers reporting that pranayama is beneficial in treating
a range of stress related disorders (Brown et al., 2005), improving autonomic functions
(Howorka et al., 1995), relieving symptoms of asthma (Cooper et al., 2003; Vedanthan et
al., 1998), and reducing sigs of oxidative stress (Bhattacharya et al., 2004; Jerath et al.,
2006). Anecdotal evidence from practitioners report that the practice develops a steady
mind, strong will-power and sound judgment (Light on Pranayama, 6th ed.) and also
claim that sustained pranayama practice extends life and enhances perception (Asana
Pranayama Mudra Bandha, 2002). Will all the far-reaching benefits to the mind and
body, pranayama is something that cannot be ignored as part of a solid yoga practice
and should be practiced regularly by yogis of all ages and abilities.
Word count: 3000
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12. The Physiological Effects of Breathing
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