Sleep & rest pattern
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There are two main types of sleep: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. NREM sleep makes up 75-80% of total sleep and occurs in four stages that progressively slow vital signs and make arousal more difficult. REM sleep recurs every 90 minutes and is when dreams occur alongside low muscle tone and irregular heart and breathing rates. Most people experience 4-6 sleep cycles per night alternating between NREM and REM sleep stages. Factors like age, illness, environment, lifestyle, stress, diet, medications and fatigue can influence a person's sleep and rest patterns.
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Sleep & rest pattern
- 1. Sleep & rest patternSleep & rest pattern Muhammad BaqarMuhammad Baqar RN, BScNRN, BScN
- 2. SleepSleep SLEEP - an altered state of consciousness inSLEEP - an altered state of consciousness in which the individual’s perception of and reactionwhich the individual’s perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased.to the environment are decreased.
- 3. RestRest REST - a state of calmness, relaxationREST - a state of calmness, relaxation without emotional stress, and freedomwithout emotional stress, and freedom from anxietyfrom anxiety
- 4. TYPES OF SLEEPTYPES OF SLEEP There are two types of sleep identified:There are two types of sleep identified: The NREM sleep (non- rapid eyeThe NREM sleep (non- rapid eye movement sleep)movement sleep) The REM sleep ( rapid eye movementThe REM sleep ( rapid eye movement sleep)sleep)
- 5. THE NREM SLEEPTHE NREM SLEEP (Non- rapid eye movement sleep)(Non- rapid eye movement sleep) It is a deep, restful sleepIt is a deep, restful sleep There is a decreased physiologic functionsThere is a decreased physiologic functions All metabolic processes are reducedAll metabolic processes are reduced 75% to 80% of sleep during night75% to 80% of sleep during night It is divided into FOUR stages:1- 4It is divided into FOUR stages:1- 4
- 6. NREM SleepNREM Sleep 11stst stage: in the first stage the person is:stage: in the first stage the person is: Aware of the surroundingAware of the surrounding Drowsy-relaxedDrowsy-relaxed Rolling eye movements very light sleepvery light sleep May awaken when callingMay awaken when calling Stage lasts few minStage lasts few min
- 7. Stages of normal sleep cycleStages of normal sleep cycle 22ndnd stage :stage : light sleeplight sleep body functions continue to slow down.body functions continue to slow down. Arousal easy.Arousal easy. Body temperature falls.Body temperature falls. Eyes may roll lasts about 10-15 minutes.lasts about 10-15 minutes.
- 8. Stages of normal sleep cycleStages of normal sleep cycle 33ndnd stagestage Refers to a medium-depth sleep whereRefers to a medium-depth sleep where vital signs and metabolic processes slowvital signs and metabolic processes slow difficult to arouse.difficult to arouse. Muscles are completely relaxed.Muscles are completely relaxed. Stage lasts 15-30 minutes.Stage lasts 15-30 minutes.
- 9. Stages of normal sleep cycleStages of normal sleep cycle 44thth stage:stage: deepest sleepdeepest sleep heart rate and respiratory rate drop.heart rate and respiratory rate drop. No eye movement. muscles very relaxed difficult to waken Stage lasts 15-30 minutesStage lasts 15-30 minutes
- 10. REM (REM (Rapid eye movement) SleepSleep Recurs every 90 minRecurs every 90 min Dreams take placeDreams take place Rapidly moving eyesRapidly moving eyes Brain metabolic increaseBrain metabolic increase Gastric secretions increaseGastric secretions increase Heart rate and respiration rate irregularHeart rate and respiration rate irregular Muscle tone very low (except respiratory muscles) During this stage all day events are reviewedDuring this stage all day events are reviewed Important information is categorized andImportant information is categorized and integrated into brain storage systemintegrated into brain storage system Lasts 5 to 30 minLasts 5 to 30 min
- 11. Stage1 Stage2 Stage3 Stage4 Stage3 Stage2 REM Sleep CycleSleep Cycle All of us undergoes around 4-6 cycles ofAll of us undergoes around 4-6 cycles of sleep of NREM to REMsleep of NREM to REM
- 12. Factors Affecting SleepFactors Affecting Sleep Age- One of the most important factorsAge- One of the most important factors affecting persons sleep and rest periods.affecting persons sleep and rest periods. Illness- causing pain or physical distress canIllness- causing pain or physical distress can result in sleep problems.result in sleep problems. Environment-Noise levelEnvironment-Noise level Fatigue- more tired shorter the first (REM)Fatigue- more tired shorter the first (REM) sleepsleep Lifestyle-Shift workLifestyle-Shift work
- 13. Factors Affecting SleepFactors Affecting Sleep Emotional StressEmotional Stress AlcoholAlcohol DietDiet SmokingSmoking MedicationsMedications
- 14. Thank You !
- 15. References:References: Kozier& Erb‘s. Fundamentals of Nursing:Kozier& Erb‘s. Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process and practice, 8thconcepts, process and practice, 8th Edition.Edition. Potter & Perry's, Fundamentals ofPotter & Perry's, Fundamentals of Nursing,2nd Edition.Nursing,2nd Edition.