The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis has five layers and does not have its own blood supply. The dermis lies below and has two layers, the papillary and reticular layers. It contains collagen, elastin and fibroblasts. Below this is the subcutaneous layer made of fat. The skin has seven main functions - sensation, heat regulation, absorption, protection, excretion, secretion and vitamin D production.
The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. ... Skin has three layers: The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
The skin is the largest organ of the body and has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis provides the skin's barrier function through its outermost layer, the stratum corneum. The stratum corneum is made up of flattened, anucleate corneocytes surrounded by lipid lamellae of ceramides, cholesterol and fatty acids, which form a protective barrier and prevent water loss. Over 90% of the skin's barrier function resides in the epidermis and stratum corneum. This barrier protects the body by maintaining water levels and preventing microbes and foreign substances from entering.
The document summarizes the layers and structures of the skin. It describes the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue layers. The epidermis is made up of stratified layers including the stratum corneum. The dermis contains structures like hair follicles, sweat glands, and blood vessels. The subcutaneous tissue provides cushioning and insulation underneath the dermis. Together, these layers and structures form the skin, the body's largest organ.
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium with four cell types. The dermis lies underneath and contains collagen, elastic fibers and vessels. The deepest layer is the hypodermis, which anchors the skin and contains fat and vessels. Skin has important functions like protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D synthesis and acts as a reservoir. Glands like sebaceous and sweat glands are also present.
The integumentary system consists of the skin and its accessory structures like hair, nails, and glands. The skin is composed of three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and contains keratinocytes that produce keratin, as well as melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. The dermis is made of dense connective tissue and contains sensory receptors, hair follicles, and sweat and sebaceous glands. The hypodermis is made of adipose tissue and lies below the dermis. Together, the skin and its structures act as a barrier, regulate temperature, contain sensory
The document discusses the structure of hair. It begins by describing the different types of hair like lanugo, vellus, terminal and intermediate hair. It then discusses the embryology and development of hair follicles. The root, shaft and their various layers like medulla, cortex, cuticle and inner and outer root sheaths are described in detail. The physiology of hair growth and the functions of hair like protection and aesthetics are also summarized.
The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and consists of four sublayers including the stratum corneum. The dermis lies below the epidermis and consists of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers that modify the structure and function of the epidermis. The hypodermis is the deepest layer and consists of connective tissue, elastic fibers, and fat that act as an energy reserve, insulator, and determine body contour. The skin has important functions such as protection, thermoregulation, and vitamin D synthesis.
Anatomy & physiology of sweat glands, sebaceousAhmed Amer
1. The document describes the anatomy and physiology of sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, and nails. It discusses the structure, development, innervation, function, and disorders of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.
2. Sebaceous glands are described in relation to their sites of occurrence, development linked to androgen levels, and role in secreting sebum.
3. The stages of the hair follicle from infundibulum to bulb and the cycle of hair growth and shedding are outlined. The structure and pigmentation of the hair shaft is also covered.
4. Nail anatomy includes the nail plate, proximal nail fold, nail bed, nail
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of skin and its appendages. It discusses the three layers of skin - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis - and describes the cellular structure and functions of each layer. It also examines skin appendages like hair, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands. The document is intended as a reference for the anatomy of skin and its related tissues.
This document summarizes the structure and functions of human skin. It discusses that skin is the largest organ, weighs 4 kg and has an area of 2 m2. It then describes the three layers of skin - epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It provides detailed information about the structure and cells within the epidermis and dermis layers. It also discusses the blood supply, lymphatics, nerves and immune system of skin. Finally, it summarizes the different types of immune reactions that can occur in the skin, including immediate, humoral, immune-complex mediated and delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
Hair follicles grow at an angle with the major part developing from epithelial cells. The upper follicle is permanent while the lower regenerates with each hair cycle. Hair follicles contain the hair bulb with dermal papilla, hair matrix cells, inner and outer root sheaths, and the hair shaft. The hair cycle consists of growth (anagen), involution (catagen), and resting (telogen) phases over 3-7 years. During anagen, hair grows rapidly from matrix cells. Catagen is a short transition phase and telogen is a resting phase before the next anagen.
This presentation includes structure and functions of sweat glands i.e. eccrine, apocrine and apoeccrine glands. mechanism of sweat secretion and role of sweat in thermoregulation is included.
The skin has several key functions:
1. It protects underlying tissues from mechanical, chemical, and thermal injury through the actions of keratin and by providing a defensive barrier against pathogens.
2. It contains sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, heat, cold, and hair movement.
3. It regulates body temperature through sweat glands and blood vessel dilation/constriction and uses negative feedback to maintain core temperature within a normal range.
4. It synthesizes vitamin D through exposure to UV light, which is essential for bone mineralization. Lack of vitamin D can lead to osteoporosis.
The document discusses the main skin appendages - hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. It describes the structure and function of each. Hair consists of a shaft and root embedded in the skin follicle. Nails are keratinized plates that cover the ends of fingers and toes. Sebaceous glands produce sebum and are associated with hair follicles. There are two types of sweat glands - eccrine glands which are abundant and produce sweat, and apocrine glands limited to certain areas.
The document discusses the anatomy and development of nails. It describes the main structures of the nail unit including the nail plate, proximal nail fold, nail matrix, nail bed, and hyponychium. It discusses their structure, blood supply, nerve supply, and development from early gestation through maturity. The nail matrix is identified as the primary site of nail growth through keratinization. Factors that can increase or decrease nail growth rates are also outlined.
The lymphatic system works with the cardiovascular system to return fluid to the bloodstream that has escaped into tissues. Lymph is tissue fluid that is picked up by lymph capillaries from interstitial fluid and contains oxygen, proteins, glucose and white blood cells. Lymph vessels carry lymph through lymph nodes which filter the lymph before returning it to the bloodstream via the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct. Key components of the lymphatic system include lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen and thymus which help fight infection and return fluid to circulation.
The skin is the body's largest organ and consists of three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and consists of stratified squamous epithelium with 5 sublayers. Beneath this is the dermis, which contains hair follicles, sweat and oil glands, nerves, and blood vessels. The deepest layer is the hypodermis, composed of loose connective and fatty tissue. The skin barrier resides primarily in the epidermis, especially the stratum corneum outer layer. Composed of corneocytes surrounded by lipid lamellae of ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids, the stratum corneum inhibits water loss
This document provides information on muscle anatomy and physiology. It lists various muscles and muscle groups in the back, arms, legs, and core. It then discusses the two main types of muscle fibers - slow twitch and fast twitch fibers - and how they differ in terms of speed of contraction, blood supply, fatigue resistance, and use for endurance versus power activities. The document also covers how muscles work by pulling on bones via tendons, the concept of agonist and antagonist muscle pairs, and the three types of muscle contraction: concentric, eccentric, and isometric.
Vacuum suction uses suction cups to lift the skin and stimulate the lymphatic and circulatory systems. It can be used on any part of the body with sufficient fat and is often applied as a course of treatments to improve areas like cellulite. The machine consists of a pump, cups, tubing and controls. Treatment methods include gliding individual cups or using multiple pulsating cups. Precautions must be taken to prevent bruising, such as gradually increasing suction and releasing pressure before removing cups.
This document provides information on muscle anatomy and physiology. It lists various muscles and muscle groups in the back, arms, legs, and core. It then discusses the two main types of muscle fibers - slow twitch and fast twitch fibers - and how they differ in terms of speed of contraction, blood supply, fatigue resistance, and use for endurance versus power activities. The document also covers how muscles work by pulling on bones via tendons, the concept of agonist and antagonist muscle pairs, and the three types of muscle contraction: concentric, eccentric, and isometric.
This document discusses excess hair growth. It defines terms like hirsutism, which refers to masculine hair growth patterns in women caused by excess androgen levels. Hypertrichosis refers to generalized increased hair growth all over the body. There are three main causes of excess hair growth: congenital (inherited hair growth patterns), topical (stimulation or friction causing increased growth), and systemic (caused by normal or abnormal hormonal changes). Normal systemic causes include puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, while abnormal causes can be endocrine disorders.
This document discusses gender reassignment treatments for male to female transsexuals. It describes hormone therapy which causes physiological changes like breast growth. Electrolysis is discussed as a vital treatment to permanently remove facial and body hair. Other treatments mentioned include psychotherapy, speech therapy, and surgery like breast implants and gender reassignment surgery. The document provides details on techniques for treating transsexual clients, including considerations for pain management and aftercare.
The document discusses various methods for hair removal, including waxing/sugaring, shaving, depilatory creams, tweezing/threading, cutting, abrasives, epilators, bleaching, laser treatment, and tweezer epilation. It provides details on how each method works, the areas it can be used on, expected hair regrowth times, benefits and drawbacks.
The muscular system contains three main types of muscle tissue: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart, has striations and connects to other cardiac cells. Smooth muscle lines hollow organs and contracts slowly and continuously. Skeletal muscle is voluntary, attached to bones by tendons, and produces movement and posture. Muscles have characteristics of excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity that allow movement and maintenance of body temperature and posture.
The document discusses contraindications and contraactions related to pedicure treatments, identifying conditions such as fungal infections, parasites, bruising, and broken bones that could prevent or restrict treatment. It also outlines treatments times and describes minor issues like nail separation, eczema and bunions that only restrict how the treatment is done. The document defines contraactions as adverse reactions, noting that allergic reactions are most common and should be treated by removing products and applying cold compresses.
Galvanic body treatments use electrical currents to soften stubborn fat and disperse fluid retention. A galvanic machine delivers a smooth direct current through electrodes attached to gel pads on the skin. The current carries active ingredients from the gel into the skin to stimulate tissue fluid movement and improve the appearance of cellulite. Precautions must be taken to prevent burns, and aftercare focuses on hydration and lifestyle factors to maintain results.
Unit 715 produce biscuit, cake and sponge products 1hpinn
The document discusses the production of biscuits, cakes, and sponges. It explains that these products are important for chefs to skillfully produce as they are used for many occasions and can be profitable. Cakes and sponges are made from similar ingredients like butter, eggs, sugar, and flour, but differ in their proportions, giving cakes a denser texture and sponges a lighter one. Biscuits get their name from being twice cooked to extend their lifespan. The document provides tips for producing high quality products and avoiding common errors in baking.
The document discusses faradic body treatment, also known as electrical muscle stimulation (EMS). EMS uses electrical pulses to stimulate muscle contraction, resulting in toning and tightening effects. A typical treatment lasts 30-40 minutes, 2-3 times per week for 4-6 weeks, followed by maintenance sessions every 2 weeks. The treatment works by directly stimulating motor nerves, causing muscle contraction without movement. Padding techniques like longitudinal, split, and duplicate are used to target different muscle groups.
The document discusses different types of joints in the human body. There are three main types of joints: fixed or immovable joints where bones overlap and do not move; slightly movable joints where bones can move a little and are connected by ligaments and cartilage; and freely movable or synovial joints where bones move freely, including ball-and-socket joints in the hips and shoulders. The document further describes six types of synovial joints based on their movement: ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle, and condyloid joints. Examples are provided of each type of joint and how they enable different motions.
This document provides information about faradic facial treatments. It explains that faradic current uses electrical pulses to stimulate facial muscles and cause contraction, tightening and toning. Regular treatments over 4-6 weeks are needed, along with home care. The treatment works by directly stimulating motor nerves, bypassing the brain, to contract muscles. Sensations include tingling and muscle contractions. Precautions for the treatment are also outlined.
The document provides information about the bones of the skull, neck, chest and shoulder girdle that are important for beauty therapists to know when performing facial treatments. It details the 22 bones that make up the skull, dividing them into cranial and facial bones. It also lists and describes the locations of bones in the shoulder girdle, neck and chest. Finally, it includes a self-assessment quiz for the reader to test their knowledge of the bones covered.
Unit 101 Maintain a Safe and Secure Working Environmenthpinn
This document discusses maintaining personal hygiene and food safety in a food preparation environment. It addresses the importance of personal hygiene for food handlers and outlines regulations regarding proper protective clothing, handwashing, illness reporting, and other hygienic practices. The key laws governing food safety - the Food Safety Act of 1990 and Food Safety Regulations of 1995 - are also summarized. These laws aim to reduce food poisoning risks and enable enforcement of food safety standards.
The document discusses the structure and functions of the skin, with a focus on the dermis layer. The dermis consists of two layers - the papillary and reticular layers. The papillary layer contains projections called papillae that contain blood vessels and nerve endings. The reticular layer contains collagen and elastin fibers that give the skin flexibility and strength, and houses structures like hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. The dermis regulates temperature, protects the body, and stores water. Below the dermis lies the subcutaneous layer, made of fat and connective tissue that provides insulation and cushioning.
This document discusses various nail art techniques for applying designs to fingernails, including painting, blending, use of rhinestones and other decorations. It describes techniques such as blending colors, creating stems, leaves and flowers with brush strokes, and applying stripes, hearts and circles. Factors to consider for different clients like nail shape and intended occasion are also addressed. The techniques aim to provide inspiration for creative nail art designs.
Galvanic facials use low-voltage electric currents to cleanse and treat the skin. The process involves desincrustation to deeply cleanse the skin by breaking down the acid mantle, followed by iontophoresis to drive beneficial creams into the skin. It is important that the polarity of the machine matches the cream to ensure the ions are properly absorbed. Galvanic facials benefit oily, congested, combination, and dry skin types by cleansing pores and improving texture, tone, and hydration.
This document discusses various medical conditions that would prevent or restrict beauty therapy treatments involving the eyes. It identifies conditions like bacterial infections, conjunctivitis, inflammation and allergies as contraindications that prevent treatment. Other severe skin conditions and eye infections require medical referral before treatment can proceed. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing contraindications to prevent harm to clients and advises beauty therapists on procedures to follow if they suspect a client has a contraindication.
The document summarizes the structure of the skin. It is composed of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis is made up of 5 sublayers and does not have its own blood supply. The dermis lies below and contains collagen, elastin, and structures called appendages. The subcutaneous layer mainly contains fat cells and provides protection and support. The document describes each layer and their components in more detail.
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis is made of 5 sublayers and lacks blood vessels. The dermis lies below and contains collagen, elastin, and appendages like hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. The subcutaneous layer is made of fat. Together these layers provide structure, protection, temperature regulation and other functions for the body.
The document summarizes the structure of the skin. It discusses the three main layers of the skin - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. It describes the layers of the epidermis and explains that the dermis contains two layers, the papillary and reticular layers. It also discusses various appendages found in the skin like sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, and nerves.
The document discusses the structure of the skin. It is made up of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis is the outermost layer and does not have its own blood supply. It consists of five layers including the horny layer, clear layer, granular layer, prickle cell layer, and germinating layer. The dermis lies below and contains the papillary and reticular layers. It also contains appendages like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, blood vessels, and nerve endings. The subcutaneous layer is made up of fat cells beneath the dermis.
The skin is composed of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis is the outermost layer and contains 5 sublayers, including the stratum corneum and stratum germinativum. The dermis lies beneath and contains collagen, elastin, appendages like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The innermost subcutaneous layer is made of fat. Together, these layers provide structure, protection, temperature regulation, and other essential functions for the body.
5. The Integument and Related StructuresSUNY Ulster
The document summarizes the key structures and functions of the integumentary system including the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, hair follicles, glands, and related structures like hooves and horns. It describes the cell types in the epidermis and its layers, the components and layers of the dermis, and structures in the hypodermis. It also discusses hair growth cycles, pigmentation, specialized structures like paw pads, and the types and functions of glands and other skin derivatives.
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands. The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and regenerates every 28 days. It contains melanocytes which produce melanin and keratinocytes which produce keratin. The dermis contains blood vessels, hair follicles, and glands. The hypodermis is made of loose connective tissue and fat cells. Skin color is determined by melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Appendages include sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, hair follicles, and nails.
The document summarizes the key functions and layers of the integumentary system. It discusses the epidermis and dermis layers of skin and describes their composition and roles in protection, sensation, and insulation. It also outlines the major accessory structures of skin including hair, nails, and exocrine glands like sweat and sebaceous glands, and their functions in thermoregulation, nourishment, and defense against pathogens.
Skin is the largest organ or outer protective covering of body. It is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis or subcutaneous tissues.
Skin is the body's defense covering, which protects against heat, light, injury and infection.
The document discusses skin anatomy and skin grafts. It describes the three layers of skin - epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Skin grafts are either full thickness or split thickness and involve completely detaching skin from a donor site and placing it on a host bed. Proper wound preparation is essential for graft survival, ensuring good blood supply and removal of debris. Full thickness grafts resemble natural skin more but have poorer survival rates than split thickness grafts.
D anatomy and physiology of the hair and skinErica P
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the hair and skin, including the three main layers of the skin - epidermis, dermis, and subcutis. It describes the structure and functions of hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and melanocytes. Additionally, it outlines the three stages of hair growth - anagen, catagen, and telogen - and lists the major functions of the skin like protection, temperature regulation, secretion, and absorption.
The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium without blood vessels and contains five layers including the basal and stratum corneum layers. Below the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands. Accessory structures of the skin include hair, nails, and exocrine glands that secrete sebum from sebaceous glands or sweat from eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. The integumentary system acts as a
The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and contains keratinocytes that produce keratin, and melanocytes that produce melanin pigment. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains collagen, elastic fibers, and sensory receptors. The deepest layer, the subcutaneous tissue, contains fat and connective tissue. Skin has appendages like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails. The skin acts as a barrier and regulates body temperature, and contains sensory receptors for touch, pressure, and temperature.
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the integumentary system. It describes the two main layers of skin - the epidermis and dermis. The dermis contains blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. The dermis regulates body temperature through blood vessel dilation and constriction. Keratinization occurs as cells move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum. The skin protects the body, regulates temperature and sensation, and produces Vitamin D.
The document provides information about human skin anatomy, organization, histology, function and diagnosis. It discusses the key components and layers of the skin including the epidermis, dermis and skin appendages. The epidermis is composed of the basal, spinous, granular and stratum corneum layers. The dermis contains collagen, elastic and ground substance fibers. The skin has important protective, sensory and temperature regulating functions. Common skin lesions and their characteristics are also defined.
The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and provides protection against pathogens and moisture loss. It undergoes constant renewal through mitosis in the basal layer. The dermis contains collagen, elastic fibers, and vasculature that provide strength and nourishment to the skin. Accessory structures such as hair, nails, and exocrine glands contribute additional protective and sensory functions.
The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and provides protection against pathogens and moisture loss. It undergoes constant renewal through mitosis in the basal layer. The dermis contains collagen, elastic fibers, and vasculature that provide strength and nourishment to the skin. Accessory structures such as hair, nails, and exocrine glands contribute additional protective and sensory functions.
The document discusses the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands that cover the body. It defines the system and describes its functions of protection, temperature regulation, and vitamin D production. It then examines the structure and features of skin, hair, nails, hooves, horns and glands in different vertebrate groups like mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. Key parts of skin like the epidermis and dermis are also defined, along with sweat and sebaceous glands.
Powerpoint of integumentary system of vertebratesnone
The document discusses the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands that cover the body. It defines the system and describes its functions of protection, temperature regulation, and vitamin D production. It then examines the structure and features of skin, hair, nails, hooves, horns and glands in different vertebrate groups like mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. Key parts of skin like the epidermis and dermis are also defined, along with sweat and sebaceous glands.
The muscular system has four key characteristics: excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity. These characteristics allow muscles to perform important functions like movement, maintaining posture, supporting soft tissues, and regulating body temperature. There are three main types of muscle in the body: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Skeletal muscle is responsible for all body movements and attaches to bones via tendons. It comprises around 30-35% of total body mass in women and 42-47% in men.
Stakeholder mapping involves identifying key stakeholders, analyzing their perspectives and interests, mapping relationships between stakeholders and objectives, and prioritizing engagement. It is a process of researching stakeholder groups to understand their needs and how they relate to a business or project. This helps identify strategies, relationships that need establishing, blockers and facilitators of change, and socioeconomic trends. Stakeholder mapping breaks the process down into identifying relevant stakeholders, analyzing their views and influence, visually mapping relationships, and ranking stakeholders to focus engagement efforts.
Lymphatic draining with vacuum suction uses external suction applied by small moving cups to lift facial tissues. This stimulates the lymphatic and circulatory systems, aiding the flow of waste products and fluids from the area to lymph nodes. The treatment improves skin condition, reduces puffiness, and assists with removing fatty deposits by draining waste and improving circulation. Precautions must be taken when applying the suction to prevent bruising, such as releasing pressure before removing cups and not overtreating areas.
Micro-dermabrasion is a mechanical skin treatment that uses an applicator probe to break down skin cells and debris on the skin's surface. There are two main types of micro-dermabrasion systems - one uses aluminum oxide micro-crystals applied to the skin, while the other uses a diamond tipped applicator. Benefits of micro-dermabrasion include softer, more toned skin with reduced fine lines, wrinkles, acne scars, and pigmentation issues. Precautions must be taken to avoid over-exfoliating the skin, including checking the applicator strength and monitoring the skin's reaction.
This document discusses different types of unwanted or excessive hair growth. It defines hirsutism as excessive male-pattern hair growth in females, usually on the face and body, caused by high androgen levels. It can be treated with electrolysis. Hypertrichosis is defined as a general overgrowth of body hair affecting the entire surface in both sexes, which is not hormone-dependent but due to genetics. In severe cases it is known as "werewolf syndrome" and may not be treatable with electrolysis due to high hair density. The document provides diagrams showing common areas of hair growth for hirsutism.
This document discusses contraindications for electrical epilation treatments. It identifies conditions that require medical referral before treatment, prevent treatment, or restrict how treatment is applied. Conditions that require referral include pregnancy, insulin-controlled diabetes, moles, heart conditions, hormone imbalances, and clients under 16. Conditions that prevent treatment include epilepsy, hepatitis, HIV, skin cancer, implants, hemophilia, and infectious skin diseases. Conditions that restrict treatment involve areas with metal plates, skin disorders, acne, cuts, bruising, scar tissue, varicose veins, or recent exfoliation procedures.
This document provides information on high frequency treatments, which use an alternating current over 100,000 cycles per second to heal, stimulate, or sanitize the skin. It describes direct high frequency, where the electrode is placed on the skin, and indirect high frequency (Viennese massage), where the client holds the electrode and the therapist massages the skin. Both methods increase circulation, speed cell metabolism, and have antibacterial effects. Precautions for safe application include removing jewelry, keeping the electrode in contact with the skin, and monitoring the client's comfort.
This document provides instructions for adding a signature in Outlook. It explains that you can create a signature by going to File > Options > Mail and clicking New under Signatures. You then name the signature, enter your contact details, and select OK. When composing a new email, your signature will be available to select from the Signatures menu. You can also set a signature to default on all emails.
The electro muscle stimulator (EMS) uses electrical pulses to stimulate facial muscles and cause them to contract, tightening and toning the muscles. During treatment, the client relaxes while the passive exercise occurs. For best results, treatments are usually needed 2-3 times per week for 4-6 weeks initially and then monthly maintenance sessions. The EMS stimulates motor nerves directly, causing muscle contraction and increased circulation, improving muscle tone and skin appearance. Precautions must be taken to ensure client safety and comfort during the treatment.
The document discusses micro-current treatment for skin. Micro-current uses low-intensity pulses of electric current to improve skin condition. It works by stimulating cell metabolism, improving muscle tone, and increasing collagen and elastin production. For best results, 12 treatments over 6 weeks are recommended, with photos before and after to demonstrate the benefits of the treatment.
Galvanic facials use a direct electric current to introduce solutions into the skin. A galvanic machine converts mains power into a smooth direct current up to 100 volts. Treatments include desincrustation, which cleanses skin, and iontophoresis, which introduces water-soluble ingredients. The polarity and solutions used determine the effects on the skin. Precautions must be taken to ensure client safety when applying the current.
The vacuum suction facial treatment uses a machine with cups to lift the skin and stimulate lymphatic and blood circulation. It works by applying suction through cups moved over the face to drain waste and improve skin condition. Precautions must be taken when applying the treatment, such as checking suction levels and releasing pressure before removing cups, to avoid bruising. The treatment benefits the lymphatic, circulatory, nervous, muscular and skin systems by improving drainage, blood flow, relaxation and cell metabolism.
The document discusses various skin types and conditions that may be encountered during beauty therapy treatments. It identifies the main factors that can influence a person's skin type, such as hormones, age, stress and lifestyle habits. Several common skin conditions are then defined, including sensitive skin, dehydrated skin, seborrhea, comedones, and papules/pustules. The main skin types - oily, dry, combination and normal - are also outlined, along with their typical characteristics.
The document discusses fire safety precautions for beauty salons. It recommends that salons ensure appropriate fire extinguishers are placed and maintained, all staff are trained on fire safety equipment and procedures, fire exits are clearly marked and clear, and evacuation procedures are posted. Sensible precautions include training staff on evacuation procedures, establishing emergency exit routes, fitting smoke alarms, installing fire doors, and having firefighting equipment in specified locations. Candles should be used safely and electrical equipment should be properly maintained to prevent fires.
The lymphatic system is the secondary circulatory system that drains excess tissue fluid and transports it back to the bloodstream. Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic system lacks a heart and relies on muscle movement and one-way valves to circulate lymph. It is comprised of lymph fluid, capillaries, vessels, nodes, and ducts that work together to filter bacteria and waste from tissues, transport absorbed fat and proteins, and produce immune cells to fight infection. The document then describes each component of the lymphatic system in more detail.
How to Install Theme in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
With Odoo, we can select from a wide selection of attractive themes. Many excellent ones are free to use, while some require payment. Putting an Odoo theme in the Odoo module directory on our server, downloading the theme, and then installing it is a simple process.
No, it's not a robot: prompt writing for investigative journalismPaul Bradshaw
How to use generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Gemini to generate story ideas for investigations, identify potential sources, and help with coding and writing.
A talk from the Centre for Investigative Journalism Summer School, July 2024
Beginner's Guide to Bypassing Falco Container Runtime Security in Kubernetes ...anjaliinfosec
This presentation, crafted for the Kubernetes Village at BSides Bangalore 2024, delves into the essentials of bypassing Falco, a leading container runtime security solution in Kubernetes. Tailored for beginners, it covers fundamental concepts, practical techniques, and real-world examples to help you understand and navigate Falco's security mechanisms effectively. Ideal for developers, security professionals, and tech enthusiasts eager to enhance their expertise in Kubernetes security and container runtime defenses.
Slide Presentation from a Doctoral Virtual Open House presented on June 30, 2024 by staff and faculty of Capitol Technology University
Covers degrees offered, program details, tuition, financial aid and the application process.
Join educators from the US and worldwide at this year’s conference, themed “Strategies for Proficiency & Acquisition,” to learn from top experts in world language teaching.
Understanding and Interpreting Teachers’ TPACK for Teaching Multimodalities i...Neny Isharyanti
Presented as a plenary session in iTELL 2024 in Salatiga on 4 July 2024.
The plenary focuses on understanding and intepreting relevant TPACK competence for teachers to be adept in teaching multimodality in the digital age. It juxtaposes the results of research on multimodality with its contextual implementation in the teaching of English subject in the Indonesian Emancipated Curriculum.
The Jewish Trinity : Sabbath,Shekinah and Sanctuary 4.pdfJackieSparrow3
we may assume that God created the cosmos to be his great temple, in which he rested after his creative work. Nevertheless, his special revelatory presence did not fill the entire earth yet, since it was his intention that his human vice-regent, whom he installed in the garden sanctuary, would extend worldwide the boundaries of that sanctuary and of God’s presence. Adam, of course, disobeyed this mandate, so that humanity no longer enjoyed God’s presence in the little localized garden. Consequently, the entire earth became infected with sin and idolatry in a way it had not been previously before the fall, while yet in its still imperfect newly created state. Therefore, the various expressions about God being unable to inhabit earthly structures are best understood, at least in part, by realizing that the old order and sanctuary have been tainted with sin and must be cleansed and recreated before God’s Shekinah presence, formerly limited to heaven and the holy of holies, can dwell universally throughout creation
Still I Rise by Maya Angelou
-Table of Contents
● Questions to be Addressed
● Introduction
● About the Author
● Analysis
● Key Literary Devices Used in the Poem
1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Repetition
4. Rhetorical Question
5. Structure and Form
6. Imagery
7. Symbolism
● Conclusion
● References
-Questions to be Addressed
1. How does the meaning of the poem evolve as we progress through each stanza?
2. How do similes and metaphors enhance the imagery in "Still I Rise"?
3. What effect does the repetition of certain phrases have on the overall tone of the poem?
4. How does Maya Angelou use symbolism to convey her message of resilience and empowerment?
3. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
The Epidermis
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin (the part that you
can see). The epidermis is made from epithelial tissue and does not
have a blood supply of its own; it is made up of five layers:
Stratum corneum – the outer layer of the skin, this is made up of
scale like cells that are continuously shed (corn flakes).
Stratum lucidum - this is made up of small transparent cells through
which light can pass. This layer is only present in the palms of the
hands and soles of the feet.
Stratum granulosum – this layer is usually 1-3 layers thick. The cells
have distinct granules and keratin is produced in this layer.
Stratum spinosum – this layer is 3-6 layers thick and the cells are
constantly dividing.
Stratum germinativum – a single basal layer of cells, which contain
the melanocytes that produce the pigment melanin. The cells of the
epidermis are produced in this layer and each has a distinct nuclei.
These cells divide continuously by a process known as mitosis.
4. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Diagram of a cross section of the
epidermis
Horny layer – stratum corneum
Clear layer – stratum lucidum
Granular layer – stratum granulosum
Prickle cell layer – stratum spinosum
Germinating layer – stratum
germinativum
5. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Melanin
The melanocytes produce extra melanin
when activated by UV rays, however they
sometimes hyper-secrete resulting in
hyper-pigmentation i.e. darker patches of
skin colour. If the melanocytes hypo-
secrete or cease to secrete melanin hypo-
pigmentation occurs, this skin condition is
referred to as vitiligo.
6. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Dermis
This layer is often referred to as the true skin as it forms the bulk
of the skin. The dermis has a good blood and lymph supply provided
by lymph capillaries, arterioles and venules. The dermis is made up
of connective tissue and is divided into two layers:
Papillary Layer – lies directly under the epidermis, it is quite thin
and has cone like projections called papillae. It provides nutrients and
oxygen to the germinating layer of the epidermis.
Reticular Layer – this lies below the papillary layer and is the main
section of the dermis. Within the reticular layer are collagen and
elastin fibres. Collagen gives the skin a plump and youthful
appearance and is a white fibrous tissue made up of proteins. Elastin
gives the skin its elastic properties and is made up of yellow elastic
tissue. These fibres are produced by the fibroblasts and are all held
together in a ground substance. Whilst this network is strong, the
skin will remain youthful and firm; however, as the fibres start to
harden and split the network collapses and the ageing process starts
to become visible.
7. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Subcutaneous layer
This is located under the dermis and is mainly made
up of fat cells (adipose tissue). This fatty layer
provides the plump contours of the body,
protection, insulation, support and a food supply if
needed. A certain amount of fat in the face is
beneficial as it plumps out the facial contours
making the face look more youthful. If a client
loses a lot of weight quite rapidly, you will notice
that they look as though they have aged.
8. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Papillary layer
of dermis
Sebaceous
gland
Nerve ending
Hair
follicle
Arrector pili
muscle
Subcutaneous
layer
Reticular
layer of
dermis
Sweat
gland
Dermal
papilla
Blood
supply
Hair shaft
Epidermis
Label your diagram of the cross section of the skin.
10. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Sweat glands
The sweat glands, which are sometimes
referred to as the sudoriferous glands,
extend from the epidermis into the dermis
and are found all over the body, however
they are particularly numerous in the palms
of the hands and the soles of the feet They
regulate the body temperature by allowing
sweat to evaporate from the body.
11. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Research and explain the two
different type of sweat glands.
There are two different types of sweat glands:
Eccrine glands are found all over the body surface
and secrete in response to heat.
Apocrine glands are larger and deeper glands
found in the groin and underarm regions. These
glands are under hormonal control and therefore
become active at puberty. The apocrine glands
produce sweat that decays to produce an
unpleasant odour.
12. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
The hair follicle
The hair follicle is an indentation of the
epidermis with the walls of the follicle being
formed from a continuation of the cellular
layer of the skins surface.
13. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Research and explain the three
different sheaths of the follicle.
Inner Root Sheath - this layer is closest to the hair and
has scale like cells that interlock with the cuticle to hold
the hair firmly in place. The hair and the inner root sheath
grow upwards, together. The inner root sheath is made up
of three layers – cuticle of inner root sheath, Henley’s layer
and Huxley’s layer.
Outer Root Sheath - this is the follicle wall, it does not
grow upwards but remains stationary in one place.
Connective Tissue Sheath – this surrounds the rest of the
follicle and the sebaceous gland. This is an extension of the
papillary layer of the dermis and provides a sensory nerve
and blood supply.
14. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Hair
Hairs are dead structures that are made of a hardened protein
called keratin. Keratin provides the body with a protective
toughness for its entire surface.
What are the three different areas that the hair is comprised
of?
1. The shaft is the portion of the hair that lies above the skins
surface, but also runs through the centre of the hair.
2. The root is the portion of the hair that lies underneath the
skin, inside the follicle.
3. The bulb is the large base at the bottom of the root and
this encases the dermal papilla. The matrix is the lower region
of the bulb where the cells divide rapidly to produce the new
hair and follicle structure.
16. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Layers of the hair
1. The cuticle is the outer layer of scale like keratinised cells with
each scale overlapping another towards the tip of the hair. This
layer contains no pigment; it is translucent and allows the colour
from beneath to show through. The cuticle protects the hair.
2. The cortex is the main part of the hair, it contains elongated
cells, which are keratinised and cemented together. The pigment
granules (melanin for black/brown or pheomelanin for red/yellow)
are present in this layer. The strength, thickness and elasticity of
the hair is determined by how the cells are held together in the
cortex.
3. The medulla is the middle, soft, spongy core of the hair. This
layer contains large, loosely connected, keratinised cells, which may
or may not be continuous. This results in air spaces, which determine
the sheen and colour tones by influencing the reflection of light.
The medulla is often not present in fine terminal and vellus hairs.
17. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Blood supply
Blood is supplied to the skin by small blood vessels
known as blood capillaries. Arterioles supply
oxygenated blood that is rich in nutrients and
venules remove waste products and carbon dioxide.
All parts of our body require a blood supply as it
provides the vital oxygen and nutrients that tissues
require in order to survive. In addition, the
capillaries also help to maintain the body
temperature by dilating (widening) and constricting
(narrowing).
18. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
What is the dermal papilla and what
is its function?
The dermal papilla is the blood supply for
the hair and its follicle. It provides food and
oxygen, which are essential for the growth
of the hair. The dermal papilla is a separate
organ that serves the follicle; it is not part
of the hair.
19. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Arrector pili muscle
This muscle is attached to the hair follicle
and it contracts when you are cold or
frightened causing the hair to stand up on
end.
20. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
What is the function of the arrector
pili muscle?
When the hairs stands on end they trap a
layer of warm air around the body to keep
the body warm. When the muscle contracts
it pulls on the skin around the follicle
opening, therefore producing goose pimples.
21. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Sebaceous glands
These glands are found all over the body except for
the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
and produce the natural oil of the skin - sebum. The
gland is attached to the upper part of the follicle
and its duct enters directly into the hair follicle.
The sebaceous glands become more active at
puberty due to the increased levels of androgens
(male hormone) being produced. Men generally
secrete more sebum than women, and you will usually
note that the sebaceous glands become less active
as we get older.
22. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
What is the function of sebum?
Sebum is bactericidal and fungicidal and so
prevents against infection, it also provides
protection and prevents the skin from
drying out.
23. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
The nails
The nails are an extension of the epidermis
and are therefore an appendage of the skin.
They are required to help with grasping and
protect the fingertips and toes.
24. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Nerves
Sensory nerve endings are found in the skin
and detect changes in the environment such
as heat, cold, touch, pain and pressure.
These send messages to the central nervous
system which will send messages back via
the motor nerves to stimulate a response.
There are different nerve endings that
detect the different sensations.
25. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Various nerve endings and the
sensations they detect.
Touch Meissners Corpuscles
Pain Pain Corpuscles
Pressure Pacinian Corpuscles
Heat Ruffinis End Corpuscles
Cold Krauses End Bulb
27. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Functions of the skin
There are seven main functions of the skin and
these are:
Sensation
Heat regulation
Absorption
Protection
Excretion
Secretion
Vitamin D production
28. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Sensation – Sensory nerve endings in the skin
detect changes in the environment such as heat,
cold, touch, pressure and pain.
Heat regulation - Helps to keep body at a
constant temperature of 37C by dilation and
constriction of the blood vessels. Sweat
evaporation also keeps the body cool. The
subcutaneous fat insulates the body.
Absorption – The skin can absorb certain
particles that are small enough to be absorbed
such as female hormones, nicotine patches,
ingredients within facial preparations etc.
29. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Protection – The skin provides protection in the following
ways:
a) The acid mantle of pH 5.5 (made up from sebum and sweat)
discourages growth of bacteria and fungi.
b) The horny layer of the epidermis acts as a filter against
bacteria.
c) Melanin in the epidermis protects against damage from UV
rays.
d) Fat cells provide protection for the internal structures.
e) Nerve endings detect sensations and provide a fast,
protective response.
f) Its waterproof coat protects the body against dirt, bacterial
infection and chemical attack.
30. Clare Hargreaves-Norris
Excretion – Waste products such as lactic acid,
urea and salts are lost through perspiration,
however this is only a minor function.
Secretion - Sebum is secreted by the sebaceous
glands.
Vitamin D production – Due to the reaction of
sunlight on the skin, a chemical reaction occurs
resulting in the production of vitamin D.