Pranayama is the fourth limb of Ashtanga Yoga and refers to techniques for controlling the life force energy (prana) through breath control. There are various types of pranayama that have benefits like improving lung capacity, balancing the nervous system, and regulating energy flow through the body. Regular practice of pranayama can improve overall health and well-being while also preparing one for deeper states of meditation and concentration. Pranayama should be practiced with discipline and under the guidance of a qualified teacher to avoid potential complications.