The document discusses various topics related to sleep including:
- A study that showed sleep deprivation over 4 days led to a 38% drop in working memory performance.
- Sleep deprivation can hinder wound healing in rats.
- There are different stages of sleep including REM sleep and various non-REM sleep stages.
- Most adults need between 7-9 hours of sleep per night but sleep needs vary by age.
- Sleep deprivation can negatively impact cognitive function, mood, health risks and more.
This document discusses sleep disorders and how to identify them. It notes that many people think abnormal sleep patterns are normal. The author stresses the importance of asking follow up questions after asking about a patient's sleep, such as what time they go to bed, if they wake up at night, and if they feel tired. Abnormal sleep can be a sign of underlying issues like apnea or Parkinson's disease. The document emphasizes that sleep disorders are common and identifying them is important for health.
There are two main categories of sleep disorders: dyssomnias, which involve problems with the quantity or quality of sleep; and parasomnias, which involve unusual physical or experiential events during sleep. Some common sleep disorders discussed in the document include insomnia, sleep deprivation, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, REM sleep behavior disorder, narcolepsy, and cataplexy. Insomnia is the inability to fall asleep, while sleep deprivation means not getting enough sleep, which can impact judgment and coordination. Sleep apnea involves interrupted breathing during sleep due to issues like obesity or nasal passages. Narcolepsy causes uncontrollable sleep attacks and is associated with cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and
Sleep disorders are common and can have serious negative health impacts. The most common sleep disorders are insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. Insomnia affects nearly 60% of US adults and is characterized by difficulties falling or staying asleep. Sleep apnea involves stopping breathing during sleep and affects 20 million Americans. Narcolepsy involves uncontrollable daytime sleepiness and symptoms like cataplexy and hallucinations. Other disorders like sleepwalking and night terrors are more common in children. Left untreated, sleep disorders can negatively impact daytime functioning and health.
1. Assess client need for sleep/rest and intervene as needed
2. Apply knowledge of client pathophysiology to rest and sleep interventions
3. Schedule client care activities to promote adequate rest
Sleep is a naturally occurring state characterized by decreased awareness and responsiveness. It involves reduced movement, temporary blindness, decreased reaction time, and altered brain waves and physiology. Almost a third of people experience some sleep problems like trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Sleep is regulated by circadian rhythms that follow a 24 hour cycle and can be disrupted by illness, medications, stress, and environmental factors. Sleep disorders are classified as dyssomnias involving problems falling or staying asleep, or parasomnias involving abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep. Common disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and restless leg syndrome. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, or psychotherapy depending on the underlying cause.
Having a good sleep is what we always want. To be able to relax and forget the hassles that we have experienced after a long day. It is our comfort and sanctuary. Here are facts about sleep and good habits to acquire sound sleep.
This document discusses sleep disturbances and patterns. It begins with objectives of gaining knowledge about sleep disturbances, patterns, and their application in patient care. It then covers definitions of sleep, sleep facts, sleep patterns in different age groups, sleep physiology including stages of sleep and sleep regulation. Factors affecting sleep and consequences of sleep deprivation are explained. Common sleep disorders like insomnia are described along with international classification of sleep disorders and their management.
This document provides information about sleep disorders and sleep hygiene. It defines sleep and describes the stages of sleep including NREM, REM sleep, and the progression through stages 1-3. It discusses factors that affect sleep, consequences of poor sleep, and categories of sleep disorders like insomnia. Assessment of insomnia and interventions like CBT and medications are outlined. General sleep recommendations are provided regarding sleep schedules, environment, and habits. Sleep hygiene tips conclude the document.
2015 keynote presentation at the Oregon Counseling Association Conference by Darryl Inaba, PharmD, CATC-V, CADC-III, author of Uppers, Downers, All-Arounders.
This document provides definitions and explanations of various sleep disorders including insomnia, parasomnia, sleepwalking, and narcolepsy. It discusses the symptoms and classifications of insomnia, including primary and secondary insomnia. Several studies are summarized that examine potential genetic and psychological factors of insomnia. Parasomnias are defined and specific disorders like sleepwalking, nightmares, and rhythmic movement are explained. The prevalence and potential genetic and neurological factors of sleepwalking are highlighted. Finally, narcolepsy is introduced and several landmark studies from the 1960s onward are summarized that helped uncover biological mechanisms and potential immune and hypocretin-related causes of the disorder.
The document discusses sleep disorders and the measurement and stages of sleep. It provides details on:
1) How sleep is measured using EEG, EOG, and EMG electrodes to record brain waves, eye movements, and muscle activity.
2) The stages of sleep including NREM stages 1-4 and REM sleep, characterized by different brain wave patterns.
3) Common sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, circadian rhythm disorders and parasomnias. Treatment options are also outlined.
This document discusses sleep disorders, their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It covers several types of sleep disorders including insomnia, hypersomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, and parasomnias. Insomnia is difficulty falling or staying asleep and can be acute or chronic. Hypersomnia involves excessive daytime sleepiness and is often caused by sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or myoclonus. Circadian rhythm disorders disrupt normal sleep-wake cycles. Parasomnias distort normal sleep architecture and include sleepwalking and REM behavior disorder. Diagnosis involves medical history, observation, exams, and tests. Treatment goals are reducing morbidity, mortality, and improving quality of life.
This document discusses pediatric sleep disorders. It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding normal sleep patterns in children, reviewing common sleep disorders, and discussing treatment options. It then covers topics like sleep cycles, how children's sleep differs from adults, prevalence of various sleep disorders in children, and classification of sleep disorders into dyssomnias, parasomnias, and medical/psychiatric disorders. Specific disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, and parasomnias are explained. Treatment options for each disorder focus on behavioral interventions and medication if needed. Proper sleep hygiene practices to promote healthy sleep in children are also outlined.
How you feel when you wake up says a lot about the night you had and the day to come. Sleep plays an important role in our physical and mental health. Some of the benefits of sleep revealed by recent researches is mentioned here.
The whitepaper discusses the science of sleep and potential non-pharmaceutical treatments for sleep disorders. It notes that sleep is still not fully understood despite extensive research. The Sleep Genius solution uses sound-based neurosensory algorithms to stimulate the vestibular system and drive sleep-inducing responses, without the side effects of medications. Initial testing found it reduced sleep latency and increased efficiency for many users.
This document provides an overview of various sleep disorders including:
1. Dyssomnias are primary sleep disorders involving changes in sleep amount, quality or timing including insomnia, hypersomnia, and narcolepsy.
2. Parasomnias are disorders where sleep physiology or behaviors are affected, such as nightmares.
3. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders result from a mismatch between sleep-wake patterns and environmental demands like jet lag or shift work.
4. Breathing-related sleep disorders interrupt sleep through breathing problems like sleep apnea.
Sleep disorders are medical conditions that involve changes in sleep patterns that can cause issues like excessive daytime sleepiness. They are classified according to causes like physical, medical, psychiatric, or environmental factors and are also classified as dyssomnias or parasomnias according to the DSM. Common types include insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, sleep terrors, nightmares, sleepwalking, and restless leg syndrome. Symptoms vary but can include issues with falling or staying asleep, irregular breathing during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, inability to move upon waking, and abnormal leg movements during sleep.
sleep disorders contains dyssomnias ,parasomnias ,and sleep disorder associated with other major medical disorders . Restless leg syndrome and PLM are also covered here. this ppt also shows how to differentiate between sleep terror and night mares . treatment of sleep disorders also included.
The document provides a sample question paper for Computer Science (Theory) - Class XII. It contains 7 questions with multiple parts assessing concepts like C++ programming, data structures, databases, computer networks and Boolean algebra. The questions include writing code segments, evaluating outputs, explaining concepts and solving problems related to arrays, classes, SQL queries and logic circuits.
The document contains code snippets for several C++ programs including:
1) A program to calculate the product of two matrices by multiplying corresponding elements.
2) Functions to count the number of lines, words, and characters in a string.
3) A program with nested structures to store employee data including name, ID, and address.
4) A program to calculate student grades and results based on marks in 5 subjects.
This document contains the source code for a C++ bank management system project. It includes class definitions and functions for creating, modifying, deleting, and viewing customer bank accounts that are stored in a binary file. The main function provides a menu for performing operations like depositing, withdrawing, viewing balances and account details, and listing all accounts. Header files are included for input/output streams, character handling and file manipulation.
This document discusses functions and header files used for a hotel management system programmed in C++. It provides an overview of functions like gotoxy(), cprintf(), textcolor(), and clrscr() for screen manipulation. Header files like process.h, stdlib.h, stdio.h, conio.h and iostream.h are included to support functions for input/output, strings and file handling. The document also previews login, main and customer details screens of the hotel management system.
In this system we will make extensive use of files system in C++.
We will have a login id system initially. In this system we will be having separate functions for
• Getting the information
• Getting customer information who are lodged in
• Allocating a room to the customer
• Checking the availability
• Displaying the features of the rooms.
• Preparing a billing function for the customer according to his room no.
In the software developed separate functions will be there for each of the above points so that there is ample scope for adding more features in the near future.
Download From Here : https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B5y_t4zL91BZaWRkY1VPeElJNVE&usp=sharing
This document appears to be a project report for a school management software developed by three students. It includes sections for an introduction to the project, coding details, and functions for various modules like the office, library, and laboratory. The project aims to digitize key school administration tasks like maintaining student and teacher databases, tracking books in the library, and equipment in various labs.
White Paper: Powerful Ways On How To Get Ideal Amount Of Sleep NightlyBedding Stock
Just recently, insufficient sleep has become a major public health issue. Experts have discovered and are still discovering the optimal sleep duration as well as the harmful effects of too little or too much slumber to health. This white paper explores how much sleep people need and some tips on how people can achieve it every night.
This document provides an overview of the health risks of sleep deprivation. It discusses how lack of sleep affects both physical and mental health. Specifically, it outlines how sleep deprivation can increase risks of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and more by impacting hormones and metabolism. It also discusses how even short-term sleep loss can seriously impair cognitive performance and mood. The document aims to raise awareness of the importance of quality sleep for overall health and safety.
Sleep progresses through distinct stages characterized by different patterns of brain activity. It is divided into non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) consisting of three stages, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. During sleep, people cycle through NREM and REM sleep about every 90 minutes. Poor sleep can negatively impact health, mood, and performance, while maintaining good sleep habits promotes well-being. Several sleep disorders exist that can disrupt sleep, such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy, though lifestyle changes and treatments are available.
This document provides an overview of concepts related to sleep including definitions of sleep and rest, the two types of sleep (NREM and REM), sleep cycles and stages, factors that affect sleep, functions of sleep, and common sleep disorders. It also discusses nursing assessments of sleep and potential nursing diagnoses and interventions to promote healthy sleep.
- Normal sleep varies by age but is essential for overall health and well-being. Key benefits include improved memory, longevity, inflammation control, performance, creativity, grades, attention, weight management, stress/blood pressure, and accident avoidance.
- Common sleep disorders include sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy, sleepwalking, and sleep terrors. Risk factors, symptoms, and prevention techniques are described for each.
- Sleep deprivation has negative effects on multiple body systems and is linked to increased Alzheimer's risk, hypertension, diabetes, depression, and more. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule is important for well-being.
The document discusses stages of sleep including REM and non-REM sleep. It describes the five stages of a sleep cycle, including stage 1 and 2 non-REM sleep, stage 3 deep sleep, and REM sleep. Characteristics of each stage are provided such as brain wave patterns, muscle tone, and the occurrence of dreams in REM sleep. Common sleep disorders are also summarized such as insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and effects of medications, medical conditions, and aging on sleep. Treatments for insomnia including sleep hygiene, therapy, and medications are outlined. The diagnostic criteria for insomnia and narcolepsy are also presented.
The document provides information on sleep patterns and disturbances. It defines sleep and describes the physiology of sleep including the reticulating activating system and sleep stages. It discusses non-REM and REM sleep in detail. It also covers sleep requirements and patterns across the lifespan as well as common sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and sleep deprivation. Finally, it briefly mentions parasomnias.
The outcome of this course is for the learner to describe the normal stages of sleep, common sleep measurement tools sleep characteristic, common sleep disorders, the changes that affect the quality and quantity of sleep as an individual ages, and methods the healthcare provider can use to assess and assist clients with sleep disorders.
This document discusses various topics related to sleep, including common sleep disorders, theories about why we sleep, circadian rhythms, and tips for improving sleep habits. It provides information on normal sleep requirements according to age, sleep debt and the consequences of sleep deprivation, common complaints about sleep in college students and its relationship to depression, and surveys readers about their own sleepiness and risk of sleep debt.
Sleep and rest, BSC NURSING FIRST YEAR NURSING FOUNDATION , UNIT X , MEETING NEEDS OF PATIENT , PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP, SLEEP DISORDERS, FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP, PROMOTING SLEEP AND STAGES OF SLEEP.
Sleep is an essential activity that is important for physical and mental health. Not getting enough sleep can accumulate into a "sleep debt" that has negative health consequences. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule and getting 7-9 hours of sleep per night can help avoid sleep debt and its effects, which include impaired focus, mood issues, and increased disease risk. Paying back sleep debt requires getting more sleep than usual, such as going to bed earlier, rather than sleeping longer all at once.
The document discusses potential side effects of several common sleep medications, including NyQuil, Sonata, Lunesta, Ambien, Rozerem, and Doxylamine. It notes that sleep medications can cause drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, nausea, dry mouth and other issues. More serious potential side effects include hallucinations, confusion, falls, dependence and withdrawal symptoms. The document warns that overdosing on acetaminophen (found in some medications) can cause liver damage or failure. It emphasizes the importance of only taking sleep medications as prescribed and contacting a doctor immediately if any severe side effects occur.
This document provides an overview of sleep disorders and sleep measurement tools. It describes the normal stages of sleep including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Common sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias are discussed. Tools for measuring sleep such as electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and electromyography (EMG) are also summarized.
Can You Develop Insomnia From... Debunking The Myths About This Sleeping Diso...UninsomniaBlog
The document discusses common myths about developing insomnia and separates myths from truths based on scientific research. It addresses whether insomnia can develop from stress, sleep apnea, not sleeping 7 hours, older age, daytime napping, television watching, gadget use, and alcohol use. Most of these are found to be true based on studies showing the factors can disrupt sleep patterns and quality. Short naps and occasional alcohol are not found to necessarily cause insomnia. The document encourages identifying the root causes of insomnia before treating it.
The document discusses fatigue experienced by seafarers working irregular schedules. It covers three main points: 1) Causes of fatigue include irregular work schedules, environmental factors, and personal health issues which disrupt circadian rhythms and reduce sleep quality and quantity. 2) Fatigue impairs cognitive abilities and increases risk of errors and microsleep. Signs include heavy eyes and slurred speech. 3) Irregular schedules reduce total sleep time, leading to performance declines especially at night, increasing risks of accidents similar to patterns seen in road accidents. Maintaining adequate, regular sleep is important to prevent building up a sleep debt and fatigue.
The ABCs of Your ZZZs - Alison S. Kole, MD, MPH, FCCP, Pulmonologist Kerry K...Summit Health
Learn from our Sleep Disorder Center experts about the basics of good sleep and the physical impact of poor sleep. We will also discuss tips for improving sleep and the treatment options for common sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and insomnia, among others.
Introduction
The sleep – wakefulness cycle is genetically determined rather than learned and is established sometime after birth.Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity and [inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscle during REM sleep] reduced interactions with surroundings.
Sleep can be regarded as a physiological reversible reduction of conscious awareness. Nearly one third of human life is spent in sleep. Disorders of sleep can affect activities of daily living (ADL) of an individual.
Definition
It is an easily reversible state of relative unresponsiveness and serenity which occurs more or less regularly and repetitively each day.
The EEG recordings show typical features of sleep which is broadly divided into two broadly different phases:
1. D-sleep (desynchronised or dreaming sleep), also called as REM- sleep (rapid eye movement sleep),active sleep, or paradoxical sleep.
2. S-sleep (synchronised sleep), also called as NREM-sleep (non-REM sleep), quiet sleep, or orthodox sleep. S-sleep or NREM-sleep is further divided into four stages, ranging from stages 1 to 4. As the person falls asleep, the person fifi rst passes through these stages of NREM-sleep.
Stages of sleep
The EEG recording during the waking state shows alpha waves of 8-12 cycles/sec. frequency. The onset of sleep is characterised by a disappearance of the alpha-activity.
Stage 1, NREM-sleep is the first and the ligh test stage of sleep characterised by an absence of alphawaves, and low voltage, predominantly theta activity.
Stage 2, NREM-sleep follows the stage 1 within a few minutes and is characterised by two typical EEG changes:
i. Sleep spindles: Regular spindle shaped waves of 13-15 cycles/sec. frequency, lasting 0.5-2.0
seconds, with a charac teristic waxing and waning amplitude.
ii. K-complexes: High voltage spikes present intermittently.
Stage 3, NREM-sleep shows appearance of high voltage, 75 μV, δ-waves of 0.5-3.0 cycles/sec.
Stage 4, NREM-sleep shows predominant δ-activity in EEG. NREM-sleep is followed by REM-sleep, which is a light phase of sleep. The EEG is characterised by a return of α-waves (α-wave sleep); other changes are similar to stage 1 NREM-sleep. One of the most characteristic features of the REM-sleep is presence of REM or rapid (conjugate) eye move ments. The other features include generalised mus cular atony, penile erection, autonomic hyperactivity (increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure), and movements of small muscle groups, occurring intermittently. Although it is a light stage of sleep, arousal is diffificult. These stages occur regularly throughout the whole duration of sleep. The first REM period occurs typically after 90 minutes of the onset of sleep, although it can start as early as 7 minutes after going off to sleep, e.g. in narcolepsy, in major depression, and after sleep deprivation.
Sleep is essential for normal functioning and survival. It helps the body and brain restore and repair. There are different sleep stages that provide different benefits. Most adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night, though individual needs vary. Lack of sufficient sleep can seriously impair performance and health, increasing risks of accidents, illness, and mental health issues.
This document discusses sleep and rest. It defines rest and sleep, describes the stages of sleep including NREM and REM sleep. It discusses factors that affect sleep like age, illness, environment. Common sleep alterations like insomnia, sleep apnea, and parasomnias are explained. Nursing responsibilities for assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating care to promote sleep and rest are outlined.
Similar to CBSE Class X English Lack of sleep (20)
The document discusses lasers, including:
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Global warming is caused by human activities that increase greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane in the atmosphere. The key greenhouse gases are CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Without the natural greenhouse effect, Earth's average temperature would be much colder, but human emissions since the Industrial Revolution have increased CO2 levels and enhanced the greenhouse effect, warming the planet. Non-conventional energy sources like wind and solar could help mitigate global warming.
This document provides information about Pranav Ghildiyal's school project on disaster management. It discusses different types of natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, avalanches, droughts, and tornadoes. It also discusses man-made disasters and provides classifications and examples of geological, climatic, and atmospheric hazards. The document includes tables ranking the deadliest events for various natural disasters.
This document contains a list of words and their definitions from the month of May 2014. Each entry includes the date, word, and a brief definition or example of usage. In total, there are 31 entries listing uncommon or obscure words and providing clarification on their meanings.
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CBSE Class X English Lack of sleep
3. Scientists have shown numerous ways in which sleep is related to memory. In a study
conducted by Turner, Drummond, Salamat, and Brown, working memory was shown to
be affected by sleep deprivation. Working memory is important because it keeps
information active for further processing and supports higher-level cognitive
functions such as decision making, reasoning, and episodic memory. The study allowed
18 women and 22 men to sleep only 26 minutes per night over a four-day period.
Subjects were given initial cognitive tests while well-rested, and then were tested
again twice a day during the four days of sleep deprivation. On the final test, the
average working memory span of the sleep-deprived group had dropped by 38% in
comparison to the control group. Wound healing has been shown to be affected by
sleep. A study conducted by Gumustekin et al. In 2004 shows sleep deprivation
hindering the healing of burns on rats. There are many reasons for poor sleep. For
example, excessive exposure to bright light within hours of bedtime or simply resisting
the urge to fall asleep can trigger a "second wind," which then can temporarily make it
difficult to fall asleep afterwards.
Dreaming
Dreaming is the perceived experience of sensory images and sounds during sleep, in a
sequence which the dreamer usually perceives more as an apparent participant than
as an observer.
4. TYPES OF SLEEP
REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
• Rapid eye movement sleep, or
REM sleep, accounts for 20–25%
of total sleep time in most human
adults. The criteria for REM sleep
include rapid eye movements as
well as a rapid low-voltage EEG.
Most memorable dreaming occurs
in this stage. At least in mammals,
a descending muscular atonia is
seen. Such paralysis may be
necessary to protect organisms
from self-damage through
physically acting out scenes from
the often-vivid dreams that occur
during this stage.
NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement)
• Stage N1:- It refers to the transition of
the brain from alpha waves having a
frequency of 8–13 Hz to theta waves having a
frequency of 4–7 Hz.
• Stage N2:- It is characterized by sleep
spindles ranging from 11 to 16 Hz and K-
complexes. This stage occupies 45–55% of
total sleep in adults.
• Stage N3:- It is characterized by the
presence of a minimum of 20% delta
waves ranging from 0.5–2 Hz and having a
peak-to-peak amplitude >75 μV.
7. OPTIMAL AMOUNT OF SLEEP
SLEEP DEBT
Sleep debt is the effect
of not getting enough
rest and sleep; a large
debt causes mental,
emotional and physical
fatigue. Sleep debt
results in diminished
abilities to perform high-level cognitive functions. Neuro-physiological
and functional studies have demonstrated that frontal regions of the
brain are particularly responsive to homeostatic sleep pressure.
EXPERTS SAY THE INDIRECT COSTS OF SLEEP
DISORDERS TOP $100 BILLION A YEAR.
Age And Condition Average Amount Of Sleep
Newborn Upto 18 hours
One year old 14-18 hours
One to three year old 12-15 hours
Three to five year old 11-13 hours
Five to twelve 9-11 hours
Adolescents 9-10 hours
Adults 7-8 hours
8. How To Sleep Well
• Nothing is more frustrating than not being able to sleep. Tossing
and turning. Your mind is racing, going over everything that
happened today. Night noises keep you awake. What can you do?
There are things you can do! Read on and learn some new
tricks to sleep well. These tips are also known as "Sleep Hygiene."
£ Sleep only when sleepy
£ Don't take naps
£ Get up and go to bed the same time every day
£ Refrain from exercise at least 4 hours before bedtime
£ Only use your bed for sleeping
£ Stay away from caffeine, nicotine and alcohol at least 4-6 hours
before bed
£ Have a light snack before bed
£ Take a hot bath 90 minutes before bedtime
9. SLEEP DISORDERS
Almost everyone occasionally suffers from short-term insomnia. This problem can result from stress, jet lag, diet, or
many other factors. Insomnia almost always affects job performance and well-being the next day. About 60 million
Americans a year have insomnia frequently periods of time, which leads to even more serious sleep deficits.
Insomnia tends to increase with age and affects about 40 percent of women and 30 percent of men.
• Transient insomnia lasts for less than a week.
• Acute insomnia is the inability to consistently sleep well for a period of less than a month.
• Chronic insomnia lasts for longer than a month.
• Sleep Apnea
• Sleep apnea is a disorder of interrupted breathing during sleep. It usually occurs in association with fat build-up
or loss of muscle tone with aging. These changes allow the windpipe to collapse during breathing when muscles
relax during sleep.
• Restless legs syndrome (RLS), a familial disorder causing unpleasant crawling, prickling, or tingling sensations in
the legs and feet and an urge to move them for relief, is emerging as one of the most common sleep disorders,
especially among older people.
• Narcolepsy
• Narcolepsy affects an estimated 250,000 Americans. People with narcolepsy have
frequent "sleep attacks" at various times of the day, even if they have had a normal amount
of night-time sleep. These attacks last from several seconds to more than 30 minutes.
Insomnia
Types of insomnia
Sleep Apnea
Restless Legs Syndrome
Narcolepsy
10. SLEEP DEPRIVATION
• Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep; it can be either acute or
chronic. A chronic sleep-restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness,
clumsiness and weight loss or weight gain. It adversely affects the brain and cognitive
function. Few studies have compared the effects of acute total sleep deprivation and chronic
partial sleep restriction. Generally, lack of sleep may result in:
• aching muscles
• depression
• headaches
• bloodshot eyes
• increased blood pressure
• increased stress hormone levels
• increased risk of diabetes, fibromyalgia
• irritability
• nystagmus (rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement)
• obesity
• yawning
• confusion, memory lapses or loss
• Lack of sleep ups risk of colon cancer
12. EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN
• Sleep deprivation can adversely affect the brain and cognitive
function. A 2000 study, by the UCSD School of Medicine and the
Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in San Diego, used functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to monitor activity in
the brains of sleep-deprived subjects performing simple verbal
learning tasks. The study showed that regions of the brain's prefrontal
cortex displayed more activity in sleepier subjects. Depending on the
task at hand, the brain would sometimes
attempt to compensate for the adverse effects
caused by lack of sleep.
13. EFFECTS ON THE HEALING PROCESS
• A 1999 study found that sleep deprivation
resulted in reduced cortisol secretion the next day,
driven by increased subsequent slow-wave sleep.
Sleep deprivation was found to enhance activity on
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (which
controls reactions to stress and regulates body
functions such as digestion, the immune
system, mood, sex, or energy usage) while
suppressing growth hormones. The results
supported previous studies, which observed
adrenal insufficiency in idiopathic hypersomnia.
14. EFFECTS ON GROWTH
• A study conducted in 2005 showed that a group of
rats which were deprived of REM sleep for five days
had no significant effect on their ability to heal
wounds, compared to a group of rats not deprived of
"dream" sleep. The rats were allowed deep (NREM)
sleep. However, another study conducted by
Gumustekin et al. in 2004 showed sleep deprivation
hindering the healing of burns on rats.
15. ATTENTION AND WORKING MEMORY
• Among the numerous physical consequences of
sleep deprivation, deficits in attention and working
memory are perhaps the most important; such lapses
in mundane routines can lead to unfortunate results,
from forgetting ingredients while cooking to missing a
sentence while taking notes. Working memory is
tested by such methods as choice-reaction time tasks.
16. IS IT A SLEEP DISORDER?
Do you . . .
Often get told by
others that you
look tired?
Feel irritable or sleepy during
the day?
Feel like you
have to take a
nap almost
every day?
Have difficulty
staying awake
when sitting still,
watching
television or
reading?
Have difficulty
concentrating
If you answered “yes” to
any of the previous
questions, you may have a
sleep disorder.
Fall asleep or feel
very tired while
driving?
React
slowly?
18. Myth: The older you get, the fewer hours of sleep you need.
Fact: Sleep experts recommend a total sleep time of seven to nine hours of sleep
for the average adult. Sleep patterns change as people age, but the amount of
sleep they generally need does not. Older people may wake more frequently
through the night and may actually get less night time sleep, but their need for
sleep is no less than that of younger adults. Older people tend to sleep more during
the day because they may sleep less during the night.
Myth:-You can "cheat" on the amount of sleep you get.
Fact: Sleep experts say that most adults need between seven and nine hours
of sleep each night for optimum performance, health, and safety.
Myth: - Teens who fall asleep in class have bad habits and/or are
lazy.
Fact: Teens need at least 8.5 – 9.25 hours of sleep each night, compared to an
average of seven to nine hours each night for most adults. The internal biological
clocks of teenagers can keep them awake later in the evening and can interfere
with waking up in the morning.
19. Myth: - Daytime sleepiness always means a person is
not getting enough sleep.
Fact: Excessive daytime sleepiness can occur even after a person
gets enough sleep. Such sleepiness can be a sign of an underlying
medical condition or sleep disorder such as narcolepsy or sleep
apnea. Symptoms should be discussed with a physician.
Myth: - During sleep, your brain rests.
Fact: The body rests during sleep. Despite this fact, the brain
remains active, gets "recharged," and still controls many body
functions including breathing.