The document discusses India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, which oversees national health programs and policies. It oversees departments on health, Ayurveda, health research, and AIDS control. The ministry works through state health infrastructure like community health centers and aims to improve access through new facilities. Major programs address cancer, mental health, emergencies, and diseases like diabetes. The Central Government Health Scheme provides services to government employees. Other discussed topics include rural health services, food safety policies, and national health policies aiming to improve standards.
This document provides an overview of the health care delivery system in India. It describes the organizational structure at the central, state, district, block, primary health center, and village levels. The key shortcomings are discussed as inverse care, impoverishing care, fragmented care, unsafe care, and misdirected care. Reforms proposed by the WHO are also outlined, including universal coverage, service delivery, public policy, and leadership reforms. The objectives and importance of establishing Indian Public Health Standards are also presented. In conclusion, it acknowledges advances but notes the system remains ineffective and discusses needed reforms and decentralization to improve healthcare quality and delivery.
This document discusses the history and principles of primary health care. It began in 1978 with a conference that defined primary health care as health care that is accessible to all individuals through their participation and affordable for the community. The key aspects of primary health care are preventative services like immunizations, maternal/child care, and treatment of common diseases. It also emphasizes equitable access, community participation, coordination between sectors, and appropriate technology.
Launched as recommended by the national health policy 2017
To achieve the vision of universal health coverage (UHC).
This initiative has been designed to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its underlining commitment, which is to "leave no one behind.“
The document discusses concepts related to health care and primary health care in India. It defines health care as services provided by health professionals to promote, maintain or restore health. Primary health care in India is delivered through a three-tier rural health system consisting of sub-centers, primary health centers (PHC), and community health centers (CHC). The PHC is the first point of contact between the population and the health system, covering about 20,000-30,000 people. It aims to provide comprehensive and affordable care through health workers and village health guides.
The document summarizes Pakistan's healthcare system. It consists of both private and public sectors, with the private sector serving 70% of the population. Healthcare is organized into three levels - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary care is the first level and focuses on preventive services through facilities like basic health units and rural health centers. Secondary care is provided at district hospitals and focuses on referral services and specialist care. Tertiary care in specialized hospitals handles referrals from primary and secondary levels. The document also outlines the key principles of primary healthcare as defined by the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978.
The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:Uday Kumar Shil
This document summarizes the health services policy and health care system in Bangladesh, with a focus on Chandpur Sadar Hospital. It discusses Bangladesh's national health policy goals of making basic medical services accessible to all citizens. The document reviews literature on people's participation in health services and outlines Bangladesh's health indicators, infrastructure, and the multi-tiered health care system from primary to tertiary levels. It also examines the national health policy goals, principles, and strategies for improving health care delivery and access across the country.
A presentation on health care delivery system in indiarohini154
The document summarizes the health care delivery system in India at various levels from national to community. It describes the administrative and organizational structure at each level, including the roles of different government bodies and private organizations. The national level is led by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. States have their own health departments and are divided further into regional, district, subdivision, and community levels. Primary health centers, sub-centers, and community health centers deliver services at the community level. Both public and private sectors provide health care across this multi-level system in India.
The document provides an overview of health policy and the health system in India. It discusses the history of public health in India from traditional Ayurvedic approaches to modern Western influences. The health system is described as having a complex mix of public and private sectors. Key aspects covered include the administrative structure from central to local levels, service delivery network from sub-centers to hospitals, and health financing relying heavily on out-of-pocket payments. While India produces many medical professionals and medicines, health indicators remain poor and inequitable across socioeconomic groups.
The document summarizes India's health care system, which consists of 5 major sectors: 1) the public health sector including primary health centers, community health centers, and hospitals; 2) private sector hospitals and clinics; 3) indigenous medical systems like Ayurveda and Unani; 4) voluntary health agencies; and 5) national health programs. It then provides details on primary health care delivery through a 3-tier rural health infrastructure of village-level health workers, sub-centers, and primary health centers. The document also outlines health insurance schemes and the roles of hospitals, private providers, and indigenous medical systems in India's health system.
The document discusses the recommendations of various committees related to development of healthcare services in India. Some of the key recommendations include:
- Integration of preventive and curative services at all levels of administration.
- Establishment of a three-tier primary healthcare system with primary health units, regional health units, and district hospitals.
- Training of community health workers to deliver primary healthcare services and act as a link between the community and primary health centers.
- Creation of a unified health services cadre with common terms of service.
- Involvement of medical colleges in rural healthcare delivery through programs like Reorientation of Medical Education.
India has a decentralized healthcare system, with states largely independent in delivering healthcare. Each state has its own healthcare delivery system, while the central government is responsible for policymaking, planning, guidance, and coordination. Healthcare is delivered through a three-tiered system - central, state, and district level. At the district level in rural areas, community healthcare is delivered through subcenters, primary health centers (PHCs), and community health centers (CHCs).
This document outlines the Aquino Health Agenda (AHA) launched by the Department of Health to achieve universal health care for all Filipinos. It aims to improve financial risk protection through expanding health insurance enrollment and coverage, improve access to quality hospitals and facilities, and attain health-related Millennium Development Goals. Key strategies include expanding PhilHealth enrollment, increasing benefit payouts, upgrading public health facilities, deploying community health teams, and providing integrated health services through the life cycle approach. The agenda prioritizes improving access and health outcomes for the poor and vulnerable.
The health care system in Pakistan consists of public and private sector providers that deliver services through primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care. The public sector system is primarily the responsibility of provincial governments and includes hospitals, basic health units, and community health workers. However, it suffers from issues like high population growth, uneven workforce distribution, insufficient funding, and limited access to quality care. As a result, the private sector has expanded to help meet demand, though most private hospitals are small and run as sole proprietorships. Overall spending on health care is increasing but remains lowest in Balochistan and highest in Punjab.
The document discusses the National Health Mission (NHM) of India, which aims to provide universal access to equitable, affordable, and quality healthcare. It has two sub-missions: the National Rural Health Mission and the National Urban Health Mission. The key goals of NHM are to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates and prevalence of communicable diseases. It focuses on strengthening public health systems and aims for inter-sectoral convergence to address social determinants of health. The major components of NHM include health system strengthening, reproductive and child health services, and national disease control programs.
The National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005 to improve rural health care in India. It focuses on 18 states with weak public health. The goals of NRHM are to reduce infant and maternal mortality and provide universal access to public health services. It aims to do this through community health centers, primary health centers, and accredited social health activists (ASHAs) who work in villages to increase awareness and utilization of health services like immunizations and institutional deliveries. ASHAs and anganwadi workers play important roles in promoting public health in rural communities.
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched in 2005 with the objectives of providing effective healthcare to rural populations by improving access to care, enhancing equity and accountability, and promoting decentralization. Key goals included reducing infant mortality rate to 30/1000 live births and maternal mortality ratio to 100/100,000 live births by 2012. The mission focused on improving primary healthcare through community health workers called ASHAs, strengthening sub-centers, PHCs, and CHCs, and implementing district-level health plans. It also aimed to control communicable and non-communicable diseases, involve private providers, and increase health spending.
The National Health Mission aims to improve health outcomes in rural and urban India through various programs and initiatives. It encompasses the National Rural Health Mission and the National Urban Health Mission. The NRHM focuses on improving access to primary healthcare in rural areas by strengthening infrastructure like subcenters and PHCs and promoting community health through Accredited Social Health Activists. The NUHM similarly focuses on improving access for urban poor populations, particularly in slums, through urban primary health centers and community health workers. Both missions aim to reduce infant and maternal mortality and improve health indicators.
Health system and status : Nepal Vs BhutanSandesh Bhusal
The document summarizes and compares the health systems of Nepal and Bhutan. Nepal's health system is 129 years old and based on primary health care. It has undergone reforms over time and now consists of federal, provincial, and local levels of governance. Bhutan provides universal health care and prioritizes health as part of its Gross National Happiness policy. Bhutan's health system includes both traditional and modern medicine delivered through a three-tier structure. While both countries have made progress, Nepal faces challenges of resource gaps and inequality, while Bhutan must sustain its public health system with reduced donor support.
Similar to Healthcare-delivery-system in india. DRC, PHC, and CHC (20)
BLOOD DONATION ppt For medical students..pptxdarshitam0310
Mention safety measures and potential side effects. Provide tips on how to prepare for donations such as staying hydrated and eating well.This concise format covers the essential aspects of blood donation.
TheHistroke 340B Program Solutions | TheHistrokeTheHistroke
"Histroke's Mission is simple: Build partnerships that strengthen and protect the healthcare safety net. Our subject matter experts, technology, and solution engineers collaborate to provide innovative solutions and frameworks to help you automate 340B program management processes. Our strategy is to customize your 340B program through a combination of proprietary technology and shared perspective.
Our team is aware of the challenges you face, and we want to simplify the process for you and your partners. We do this by developing solutions to enable compliant management and oversight of the highly complex 340B program.
With 340B program knowledge, we are focused on completing 340B program audit, prescription compliance, claims audit software, 340B AI assistant, and data analytics and reporting solutions.
50 Hr – Hatha-Vinyasa Yoga Teacher Training Course
50 hours – Hatha-Vinyasa Yoga Teacher Training Course
Course Fee: INR 32,000 for Indian citizens only, for foreigners USD 350.
Yoga Manual (01)
Certificate
Excluded with accommodation and food
Upcoming Batches 50 Hr Non-Residential (Week-Days/Week-End)
Professional Yoga Teacher Training
Our 50 hours Yoga Teachers Training Course Hatha-Vinyasa Yoga Teacher Training Course is beautifully programmed for those enthusiasts who desire to have a professional certificate in the future but can’t afford the time of two months in one slot.
If you have less time or you want to learn slowly, so 50-hour yoga teacher training course in Bangalore can be the perfect yoga course for you, karuna yoga offers a self-paced yoga teacher training course in Bangalore India, and you can join the other half in 1 year of time to complete 200/300 hours Teacher Training Course.
In order to obtain a professional certificate of 200/300 Hour, Teachers Training Course affiliated with Yoga alliance one has to complete the 200 Hours which is usually completed in one or two months of time, we designed this course in such a way that if any participant wants to first get introduced with the way and process of professional yoga teacher training course and have only short time then students can enroll for this yoga course.
Our 50 hours Yoga Teacher Training Course program runs along with our regular student of 200/300-hour Teacher Training Course students in the first phase, upon completion of the course if a student wants to finish remaining their balance of 150/250 hours of Teacher Training Course in the future, then students can continue the course of the second stage of Teacher Training Course to obtain 200/300-hour Teacher Training Course certificate affiliated with Yoga Alliance in order to have a professional certificate.
Our 50 hours can be accepted as continuing education from Yoga Alliance if in the future you want to continue the training from our center. Please make a note while completing 50 hour TTC you will be only provided with a certificate issued by our organization and the certificate will not be affiliated with Yoga Alliance, and only after completion of the second stage of balance 150/250 hours of TTC, which technically becomes 200/300 hours in total of training, we will issue the certificate of 200/300-hour Teacher Training Course.
Karuna Yoga Vidya Peetham is a Registered Yoga teacher training school in Bangalore, India with an affiliation of Yoga Alliance, USA which offers 50 Hour Yoga Teacher Training in Bangalore, India. If you look forward to the course then this is the best choice.
International Certification
Upon successful completion of the course, you will receive a certificate of completion of the 20 hour Hatha Yoga course, that you can count towards your continuing education. Our yoga teacher training courses are accredited by Yoga Alliance USA.
Pre-requisites:
This course is open to all student
Yoga Nidra Retreat in Bangalore
Yoga Nidra Retreat in Bangalore
A restful night is key to a healthy lifestyle. The reason behind many health issues that most people have from the modern way of living is nothing but lack of proper sleep. Well, it’s not like they don’t want to sleep, lack of time, an after-effect of day-long stress, and long-term anxiety trigger sleeplessness and thus respective disorders as well.
As per the recent survey, the insomnia percentage in India is above 33%, and the people who are most likely to be impacted with sleep deprivation hover around 52%. These numbers are higher compared to other countries.
Are you one of those populations suffering from sleeplessness and health issues due to lack of proper sleep? If Yes, then you must know that Yoga is the only way to get out of your situation to ensure restful nights after daylong stress and busy working schedules throughout the week.
Besides, even scientific studies prove that frequent consumption of stress-relieving, depression, or sleeping pills is not at all good for health and the brain. In such a scenario, Yoga is the only effective and probably most reliable way to get your sleep on track. Karuna Yoga Vidya Peetham will be on your side as a reliable Weekend Yoga Nidra Retreat in Bangalore.
Yoga Nidra aims at activating the relaxation response and improving the nervous and endocrine system functioning to ensure peaceful nights and active working hours.
Benefits:
An emphasis on some of the more Eastern practices (like yoga nidra, including pranayama, kriyas, mantras).
A peaceful location – the perfect setting for a Yoga Nidra Retreat.
Deepen your yoga practice and take it to the next level.
Retreat Curriculum Details
Practice Relaxation & Preparation for Yogic Sleep
Introduction to the concept and practices of relaxation
Relaxation in daily life
Sequence of relaxation practices
Tension & relaxation exercises
Systematic relaxation exercises
Preparations for Yoga Nidra
Mantra chanting
Introduction to mantra science
Morning prayers & Evening prayers
Surya-namaskar 12 mantras along with bija mantras
Pranayama Practices
Establishment of diaphragmatic breath
Different practices of pranayama
Yoga Nidra philosophy, Lifestyle, & Yoga Ethics
What is Yoga Nidra?
Philosophy of Yoga Nidra
Yoga Ethics
What Makes This Retreat Special
The practice of Yoga Nidra has been secret and imparted to those few yogis who have mastered their sleep. In Indian Mythology, there occurs a unique concept of sleep. We often find even the trinity of the universe Lord Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva under the domination of sleep.
The course will explore the concept of Yoga Nidra details at theoretical and practical levels. This is designed to assist students of yoga to understand and experience the deeper layers of their personalities.
Type: Yoga Nidra Retreat
Date: 11th Sep 2021
Duration: 2 days
Location: Bangalore outskirt, India.
Food: Vegetarian
Accommodation
Shared Dormitory
Room
Reimbursement Bootcamp- Coding, Coverage & Payment lecture by David Farber, K...Levi Shapiro
Presentation by David Farber, King & Spalding LLP, "Reimbursement Bootcamp- Coding, Coverage & Payment". Includes a comparison of FDA and CMS – The Important Differences. Setting Expectations and Understanding Timing. FDA Approval/Clearance vs. CMS (Medicare) Coverage. “Reasonable and Necessary”
CMS coverage determination
(formal or informal);
Focus on health benefits;
Economic data is important;
Superiority endpoint often needed; Focus on Medicare beneficiaries; Public processes; Publishes proposed decisions. Information Considered by CMS. Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Clinical evidence (including FDA submissions)
External technology assessments;
Advisory committee recommendations;
Position statements by relevant groups; Expert opinions;
Public comments;
Economic and other cost-effectiveness data;
Other informal opinions. The Basics of Reimbursement
• Coverage
Is the item or service eligible for payment?
• Coding
How is the item or service identified?
• Payment
What are the payment methodologies and amounts?
Medicare Coverage:
Defined Benefit Category
Not Excluded
“Reasonable and necessary for
the diagnosis or treatment
of illness or injury or to improve
the functioning of a malformed
body member.”
— Social Security Act § 1862(a)(1)(A). CMS and Its Contractors Make
Medicare Coverage Decisions
• National Coverage
Determinations (NCDs)
• Local Coverage
Determinations (LCDs)
• Individual Consideration
National Coverage
Determinations (NCD):
National and binding decision by CMS
Coverage and Analysis Group (CAG).
May be requested by anyone
(CMS or external party.)
Public process that generally takes
9-12 months once initiated.
May include certain conditions for coverage (including Coverage with Evidence
Development (CED)). Coverage with Evidence Development (CED). Evidence-based coverage paradigm
that permits CMS to develop
coverage policies for treatments
that are likely to show health benefits
for Medicare beneficiaries but for
which the evidence base is not
sufficiently developed. Two kinds of CED: (1) clinical study
and (2) registry. Local Coverage
Determinations (LCD):
Issued by local Medicare
Administrative Contractors (MACs).
May be requested by anyone
(MAC or external party.)
New formal process in 2019 to
request LCDs.
Limited to particular MAC jurisdiction. Medicare Administrative Contractors. Coding is the “language of
reimbursement.”
Coding operationally links
coverage and payment.
Having a code does not
guarantee reimbursement! TYPE OF CODE, CODING SYSTEM, WHO SETS CODE? WHO USES CODE? Diagnosis, Procedure or Service, Products and Certain Services, Drugs. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) Codes. Maintained by the AMA CPT Editorial Panel.
Identify medical services furnished by physicians.
5-digit numeric codes with generic descriptors.
Three types of CPT codes. Application process takes at least 15 months for Category I codes, with specific clinical data requirements.
Attitude and Readiness towards Artificial Intelligence and its Utilisation: A...ShravBanerjee
AI is a hot topic in recent days... We students of IPGME&R, Kolkata, India have done a study on Attitude, Readiness and Utilization of AI by medical students.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
Our study showed that:
1. Nearly half of the study participants showed a favorable attitude towards role of AI in healthcare
2. Around three-fifth of the participants could define basic concepts of data sciences and AI and were ready to choose AI based applications for healthcare; they were willing to accept AI usage despite feeling a lack of cognitive skills
3. Most of them used AI-based applications for studying (ChatGPT), however, some of them faced difficulties in using them
Thank you!
Online Live Personal Yoga Training at Home
Home Yoga
Change is Possible!
I am ready to help you, to improve your health, reduce stress and moving towards perfect peace, happiness and joy!
Show you the difference between intentional self-care and unintentional numbing out, so that you can be fully awake for all of your life
Restore your natural physical alignment, because it is critical to your health and well-being
Help you develop a practice of intentional surrender because it brings relief from stress and will improve every aspect of your life
Show you how to take care of yourself because that is the first step toward the connection you are craving with others
Restore your mind-body connection, because decision-making is so much easier when you can hear your own intuition
Home yoga course contents
The private yoga lesson consists of Power Yoga, Dynamic Yoga, Yoga Therapy for different ailments, Yoga for stress management, yoga posture (asana), yogic breathing (pranayama), guided meditation and relaxation. Sometimes the cleansing practices like Vamana Dhouti (vomiting), Jala & Sutra Neti (nasal cleaning), Laghu Sankhaprakshalana (intestine cleansing), vyutkarma & sheetkarma kapalabhati (nasal cleansing), Trataka (eye cleansing) and MSRT (immune system enhancement) are also included depending on the requirement of the participant
If you are looking for a secluded, silent, one-on-one yoga practice with personal care and attention and without any outside disturbances, private yoga lessons are perfect for you. In private yoga lessons, you save your time and energy from traveling to a distance yoga studio and practice yoga from the comfort of your home in a personal ambiance. In private yoga lessons, you learn properly with one-on-one attention from the yoga trainer. The yoga trainer also gets enough time to understand your requirements and customizes the yoga practices accordingly for your maximum health benefit.
If you are suffering from any specific health problems, private yoga lessons are ideal for you. Yoga therapy practices cannot be done in a group, it has to be done always one-on-one basis. Because your problem is different from others. In a group yoga class, the yoga practices are not addressed according to your body conditions & requirements, some of the practices in the group might be harmful to you. Moreover, if the group yoga trainer is not a qualified yoga therapist but only a yoga instructor, he may not know the yoga practices that are useful and harmful to you. Therefore, if you are suffering from any specific health conditions, you require private yoga lessons with one-on-one attention from an experienced yoga therapist for your recovery.
How many people can join in private yoga lessons?
We allow one or, maximum of two people at a time in a private yoga lesson.
Private yoga course contents
The private yoga lesson consists of Power Yoga, Dynamic Yoga, Yoga Therapy for different ailments, Yoga for stress management, yoga post
Holistic nursing Primacy of nature in the healing process.pptxraima10
HOLISTIC NURSING
Holistic nursing is a way of treating and taking care the patient as a whole body which involves physical, social environment, psychological, cultural and religious beliefs.
This presentation tells about health education for hand wash to children. Every child should know that how to keep hand clean. And maintain the good hand washing practices. Nowadays disease are easily spread through uncleaned hands.germs are habitat in their hands and then it causes different types of diseases.so, we must give the health education for hand washing to every children. And make them practice.
2. WHAT IS HEALTH?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, social well being and
not just merely absence of a disease.
It has always been the centre of every policy issued by the
government in public interest.
The health care delivery system is defined as the system of
professionals working towards providing the best care facility to the
population within available financial assets.
Health care delivery system of India is divided into three phases or
levels which are primary, secondary and tertiary.
These systems play a vital role in development and management of
policies related to health of the population.
3. HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
Due to the India's federalized system of government, the areas of governance
and operations of health system in India have been divided between the union
and the state governments.
India has a mixed health-care system, inclusive of public and private health-care
service providers.
The best way to provide health care to underserved rural and urban poor is to
develop effective Primary Health Care services supported by an appropriate
referral system.
The recommendation for three-tiered health-care system to provide preventive
and curative health care in rural and urban areas placing health workers on
government payrolls and limiting the need for private practitioners became the
principles on which the current public health-care systems were founded.
This was done to ensure that access to primary care is independent of individual
socioeconomic conditions.
4. HISTORY
Report on the Health Survey and Development Committee,
commonly referred to as the Bhore Committee Report, 1946, has
been a landmark report for India, from which the current health
policy and systems have evolved.
Although the first national population program was announced in
1951, the first National Health Policy of India (NHP) got formulated
only in 1983 with its main focus on provision of primary health care to
all by 2000.
NHP 2002 further built on NHP 1983, with an objective of provision of
health services to the general public through decentralization, use of
private sector and increasing public expenditure on health care
overall.
7. OBJECTIVES
To deliver proper health
care in a systematic
way to any individual in
need of health care
services
coping with the various
health needs and
demands of population
thereby provide health
care to individuals and
community with
preventive and
curative activities
utilizing health care
workers
Together these forms a
system interacting with
each other, supporting
and controlling each
other
8. COMPONENTS
Structure of health system
Number and type of personnel and staff
Way of these personnel organized to work
Nature and extend of facility and equipment
Range of services offered
System of management and amenities
Financing
Enumeration and determination of the eligible
population for these services
Governance and decision making
9. SUB CENTERS
A sub-center (SC) is established in a plain area with a population of
5000 people and in hilly/difficult to reach/tribal areas with a
population of 3000, and it is the most peripheral and first contact
point between the primary health-care system and the community.
Each SC is required to be staffed by at least one auxiliary nurse
midwife (ANM)/female health worker and one male health worker
Under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), there is a provision for
one additional ANM on a contract basis.
SCs are assigned tasks relating to interpersonal communication in
order to bring about behavioral change and provide services in
relation to maternal and child health, family welfare, nutrition,
immunization, diarrhea control and control of communicable
diseases programs.
The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is providing 100% central
assistance to all the SCs in the country since April 2002 in the form of
salaries, rent and contingencies in addition to drugs and
equipment.
10. PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS
A primary health center (PHC) is established in a plain area with a
population of 30 000 people and in hilly/difficult to reach/tribal areas
with a population of 20 000, and is the first contact point between the
village community and the medical officer.
PHCs were envisaged to provide integrated curative and preventive
health care to the rural population with emphasis on the preventive
and promotive aspects of health care.
The PHCs are established and maintained by the State Governments
under the Minimum Needs Program (MNP)/Basic Minimum Services
(BMS) Program.
As per minimum requirement, a PHC is to be staffed by a medical
officer supported by 14 paramedical and other staff.
Under NRHM, there is a provision for two additional staff nurses at
PHCs on a contract basis.
It acts as a referral unit for 5-6 SCs and has 4-6 beds for in-patients.
The activities of PHCs involve health-care promotion and curative
services.
11. COMMUNITY HEALTH
CENTERS
Community health centers (CHCs) are established and maintained
by the State Government under the MNP/BMS program in an area
with a population of 120 000 people and in hilly/difficult to
reach/tribal areas with a population of 80 000.
As per minimum norms, a CHC is required to be staffed by four
medical specialists, that is, surgeon, physician,
gynecologist/obstetrician and pediatrician supported by 21
paramedical and other staff.
It has 30 beds with an operating theater, X-ray, labor room and
laboratory facilities.
It serves as a referral center for PHCs within the block and also
provides facilities for obstetric care and specialist consultations.
12. FIRST REFERAL UNIT
An existing facility (district hospital, sub-divisional hospital, CHC)
can be declared a fully operational first referral unit (FRU) only if
it is equipped to provide round-the-clock services for
emergency obstetric and newborn care, in addition to all
emergencies that any hospital is required to provide.
It should be noted that there are three critical determinants of a
facility being declared as a FRU: (i) emergency obstetric care
including surgical interventions such as caesarean sections; (ii)
care for small and sick newborns; and (iii) blood storage facility
on a 24-h basis.
13. NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION
NRHM:-
NRHM, launched in 2005, was a watershed for the health sector in
India.
With its core focus to reduce maternal and child mortality, it aimed at
increased public expenditure on health care, decreased inequity,
decentralization and community participation in operationalization of
health-care facilities based on IPHS norms.
Seeking to improve access of rural people, especially poor women
and children, to equitable, affordable, accountable and effective
primary health care, NRHM (2005-2012) aimed to provide effective
health care to the rural population throughout the country with
special focus on 18 states having weak public health indicators
and/or weak infrastructure.
Within the mission there are high-focused and low-focused states and
districts based on the status of infant and maternal mortality rates,
and these states are provided additional support, both financially
and technically.
Gradually it has emerged as a major financing and health sector
reform strategy to strengthen the state health systems.