Cupping is a form of alternative medicine where cups are placed on the skin to create suction. It is believed to promote healing by mobilizing blood flow, promoting detoxification, and invigorating qi. Cupping can be used to treat various conditions like pain, respiratory diseases, weight loss, and more. There are different cupping techniques that vary the level of suction and heat used. Cupping marks on the skin are a normal result of bringing more blood to the surface.
Hijamah, or wet cupping therapy, is an ancient healing practice that involves using cups to create suction on the skin and draw out blood or toxins from the body. It aims to increase circulation, relax muscles, and rid the body of impurities. The document discusses the history of hijamah in various cultures and its use and promotion by the Prophet Muhammad. It also outlines the scientific mechanisms by which cupping is believed to work, such as stimulating nerves and increasing blood flow. Finally, it lists specific body areas and corresponding health conditions that are traditionally treated with hijamah in Unani medicine.
Shortwave diathermy (SWD) is a therapeutic modality that uses electromagnetic energy to generate deep heat in tissues. It can be delivered continuously or pulsed. The frequency used, type of SWD unit, and water content of tissues affect the pattern of heat produced. SWD has various therapeutic effects like increasing blood flow and accelerating wound healing. It is used to treat conditions like recent injuries, arthritis, and muscle pain and spasm. Proper application of SWD involves preparing the patient, machine, and electrodes to deliver controlled doses of energy to target tissues while avoiding risks like burns or electric shock.
This document provides information about dry needling from Dr. Subhanjan Das, an instructor of dry needling techniques. It aims to dispel common misconceptions about dry needling, such as it being related to Chinese acupuncture or being unscientific. The document explains that dry needling involves using disposable acupuncture needles to target trigger points and relieve pain, without delivering any medication. It provides details on needle selection, techniques like deep needling and electrical stimulation, precautions, and references supporting the physiological effects of dry needling.
A technique which uses water as a therapeutic modality. This therapy is usually used by Physiotherapist for healing wound, edema drainage, improving balance and posture and decreasing pain.
Hijama (cupping) therapy - an overview by DR MOHD SHAHID (MD)MOHD SHAHID
This document provides a historical overview and modern research on Hijama (cupping therapy). It describes how cupping has been practiced for over 5,000 years in various cultures to treat diseases. There are two main types - dry cupping which draws blood to the skin surface, and wet cupping which also uses incisions to evacuate toxins. Modern research has found cupping effective for pain relief by drawing out inflammatory chemicals and heavy metals. Controlled studies show benefits for lower back pain, dysmenorrhea, and type 2 diabetes. The conclusion emphasizes cupping is a natural, safe, and effective therapeutic technique supported by both history and science.
Therapeutic massage can be used to restore normal function by manipulating tissues. It is considered alternative medicine in North America but part of mainstream healthcare elsewhere. Different massage strokes like effleurage, petrissage, friction, and percussion can be applied with varying pressures and speeds to produce different physiological effects like increased blood flow and lymph flow or decreased pain. Massage has advantages of being relaxing and requiring no special equipment but disadvantages of being time consuming and messy. Contraindications include acute injuries, skin lesions, and hypertension. Proper setup, positioning, draping, and lubrication are important.
Hydrotherapy uses water and its properties for therapeutic purposes. It has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations. Various forms include whirlpool baths, Hubbard tanks, contrast baths, aquatic exercises, and sitz baths. The physical properties of water like temperature, pressure, buoyancy and viscosity provide benefits like increased blood flow, reduced joint stress, and strengthened muscles. Potential side effects include drowning, hyperthermia and disease transmission, so precautions around heat are important. Hydrotherapy continues to be used for conditions like arthritis, pain, wounds and edema.
The document summarizes the physiological effects of hydrotherapy and clay therapy. It discusses how hydrotherapy uses water in different forms and temperatures to promote health and treat diseases. It covers the properties of water and how temperature, duration, application site, and other factors affect the physiological impacts. Key effects on the skin, respiratory system, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, and blood are outlined. The document provides references to studies that have examined various physiological impacts.
Ultrasonic therapy uses high-frequency sound waves to treat injuries and conditions. It works by generating ultrasound using piezoelectric crystals that expand and contract in response to an electrical current. This creates alternating compressions and rarefactions that transmit energy into the body. Ultrasound has both thermal and non-thermal physiological effects, such as generating heat in tissues through absorption and cavitation, microstreaming, and mechanical tissue massage. Its heating properties can accelerate healing while its non-thermal effects may increase cell permeability and movement. Ultrasonic therapy is used to reduce pain and swelling and aid in tissue repair by stimulating fibroblasts and collagen production.
Greek physician Hippocrates documented hydrotherapy in the 5th century BC. It was known as the "water cure" and was practiced in ancient civilizations. In the 10th century, a monk recognized its therapeutic benefits. Hydrotherapy uses water in various forms and temperatures to treat diseases. It works through thermal, mechanical, and chemical effects on the body. Common hydrotherapy methods include baths, compresses, wraps and water applications like showers. It aims to improve circulation, detoxification, relaxation and pain relief.
Cupping therapy is an ancient healing method that involves placing cups on the skin to enhance blood flow. It works by using suction to draw the skin and deeper tissues up underneath the cups. This increases circulation and brings impurities to the surface of the skin to be released. Cupping has been used for thousands of years in places like Egypt, China, and the Middle East to treat various health conditions by reducing inflammation and toxins in the body. It stimulates blood and lymph flow while strengthening the immune system. Cupping can help many issues like pain, respiratory problems, and skin conditions. It is a generally safe technique when performed properly by a trained practitioner.
1. Cryotherapy or ice therapy involves applying cold to injured body tissues and has benefits like reducing swelling, pain, and inflammation.
2. Local cold can be applied using ice packs, ice towels, immersion, or ice massage and causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels initially before alternating vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
3. The circulatory effects of cryotherapy are beneficial for treating injuries as increased blood flow allows more nutrients to damaged areas and removal of excess fluid from tissues.
Massage involves systematically rubbing and manipulating the body's tissues for therapeutic benefits. It has been practiced for thousands of years across various cultures. There are different types of massage including Swedish massage which uses techniques like effleurage, petrissage, friction, tapotement, and vibration. Massage provides various physiological effects by improving circulation, respiration, digestion, elimination and has benefits for the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems. It can be used to treat various conditions but should not be used when there are open wounds, fractures or risk of embolism.
The document discusses how yoga can help treat musculoskeletal conditions like osteoarthritis and low back pain through practices like Iyengar yoga poses that improve flexibility, strength, posture and reduce stress. Specific poses are described that target major areas like the knees, hips and back. Regular yoga is shown to alleviate pain and stiffness in the joints and muscles while also providing mental benefits.
The document provides information about taping techniques used in physiotherapy. It discusses:
1) The principles and purposes of taping, which include immobilizing joints to reduce pain and aid recovery while allowing some functional mobility.
2) The various materials used for taping like tape, underwrap, adhesive remover, scissors, powder, pads, and adhesive spray.
3) Different taping techniques like Kinesio taping, McConnell taping, Mulligan taping and their specific applications and characteristics.
4) Guidelines for proper taping including cleaning the skin, applying underwrap to sensitive skin, and positioning the joint in its range of motion.
This document discusses hydrotherapy, which uses water for pain relief and healing. It describes the properties of water including buoyancy, density, hydrostatic pressure, and viscosity. Hydrotherapy has physiological effects like increased circulation and decreased heart rate. Equipment like pools, belts, and bars are used. Hydrotherapy can be applied through full body immersion, parts immersion, or spraying. Forms include contrast baths, whirlpools, saunas, and steam baths. Hydrotherapy is indicated for rehabilitation, relaxation, and recovery. Precautions must be taken for certain medical conditions.
This document provides information about massage therapy. It defines massage as the systematic rubbing and manipulation of the body for therapeutic benefits. The document then discusses the history of massage dating back 3000 years in Chinese and Indian practices. It also outlines the main types of massage including Swedish massage and Kellogg massage. Finally, it describes the physiological effects of massage on the nervous, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems.
Brief description about hydrotherapy, types of hydrotherapy , constructions , it's uses, safety ,contraindications and indications etc
* this was for a class project so, I'm not accountable for some of pictures which I just downloaded from google*
This Online Course has been recorded at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. It was taught by Tim Vukan - founder of Wushan TCM. Tim Vukan, MMed, Master of Chinese medicine at (ZCMU) is one of the few foreigners who completed his more than 12 years of Chinese medicine education directly in China! He is a certified Chinese medicine practitioner who has been studying and practicing for more than ten years at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University in Hangzhou (China). He is now teaching Chinese medicine to Chinese and foreign students at ZCMU.
Back care and back massage. powerpoint presentationpratiksha ghimire
This document provides information on back care and massage, including definitions, purposes, indications, contraindications, principles, required materials, positions, techniques, and procedures. Back care involves cleaning and massaging the back with attention to pressure points, while back massage includes rhythmic stroking, rubbing, and squeezing of back tissues. The purposes of back care and massage are to promote circulation, maintain cleanliness, prevent infections and skin breakdown, inspect skin condition, promote rest and sleep, and reduce tension and stress.
Learn about Moxibustion Therapy. This Slideshare Lesson has been taught by Tim Vukan at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. Tim Vukan, MMed, Master of Chinese medicine at (ZCMU) is one of the few foreigners who completed his more than 12 years of Chinese medicine education directly in China! He is a certified Chinese medicine practitioner who has been studying and practicing for more than ten years at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University in Hangzhou (China). He is now teaching Chinese medicine to Chinese and foreign students at ZCMU.
Back massage or back care involves cleaning and massaging an individual's back for therapeutic and comfort purposes. It increases elimination through the skin, induces sleep, provides comfort, regulates body temperature, and aids in patient observation. Contraindications include burns, rib fractures, spinal injuries, and back surgeries. Back massage techniques include effleurage, petrissage, friction, hand over hand strokes, brush strokes, kneading, and tapping motions. Proper back care involves assessing the skin, washing with soap and water, applying lotion or oil, massaging for 3-5 minutes, redressing the patient, and documenting the procedure.
health and fitness ,
What are the 4 types of health?
What is health and its importance?
What is the meaning of UN in health?
What are the 3 biggest health problems?
What is your definition of health?
What are the 5 issues on health?
What is the most health issue?
What are the 5 issues on health?
What is the most health issue?
What was the first definition of health?
What is global health issues?
Why does global health matter?
WHO main objective?
What are the objectives of health?
Back care consists of cleaning and massaging back (from shoulder to lower level of the buttocks) by using scientific form of required strokes for maximizing cutaneous stimulation, comfort and emotional relaxation as well.
Back care of patient , Fundamentals of Nursing Pooja Koirala
1. Back care involves cleaning, massaging, and paying attention to pressure points on the back to provide comfort, relaxation, and physical and emotional stimulation.
2. The purposes of back care are to improve circulation, refresh mood, relieve fatigue/pain/stress, induce sleep, and prevent pressure sores while observing the patient's back condition.
3. The back care procedure involves washing, massaging, and observing the back using techniques like effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, compression, and vibration to increase circulation, relax muscles, and stimulate tissues.
The document discusses guidelines for essential newborn care immediately after birth. It recommends:
1) Thoroughly drying the newborn within 30 seconds of birth and placing the baby skin-to-skin with the mother.
2) Delaying cord clamping until pulsations stop and cutting the cord 2-5 cm from the umbilical base.
3) Initiating breastfeeding within 90 minutes by observing feeding cues and encouraging attachment.
The document provides tips for maintaining healthy skin, including eating a balanced diet, drinking water, exercising, and protecting skin from sun damage. It discusses various spa treatments like facials, masks, and wraps that can rejuvenate and pamper skin. Wrinkles are caused by aging and sun damage, which breaks down collagen. Maintaining proper nutrition, hydration, sleep, and avoiding smoking can help diminish wrinkles. The tips also cover treating blackheads, pimples, and winter skin care. Facial masks are recommended for absorbing excess oil and improving skin texture.
This document discusses Dalak/massage in Unani medicine. It defines Dalak as massage and describes it as an important part of regimental therapy. It then discusses different types of massages used to treat various musculoskeletal disorders like arthritis. The document provides details on the aims, types of oils used, techniques, indications, contraindications and precautions of Dalak/massage in Unani medicine.
Learn about Moxibustion Therapy. This Slideshare Lesson has been taught by Tim Vukan at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. Tim Vukan, MMed, Master of Chinese medicine at (ZCMU) is one of the few foreigners who completed his more than 12 years of Chinese medicine education directly in China! He is a certified Chinese medicine practitioner who has been studying and practicing for more than ten years at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University in Hangzhou (China). He is now teaching Chinese medicine to Chinese and foreign students at ZCMU. More info about Chinese Medicine from Hangzhou can be found on our website on https://wushantcm.com
This document provides information on complementary and alternative therapies including massage, herbal medicine, and body mechanics. It describes different types of massage techniques including effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, friction, and vibration. It also lists 10 medicinal plants approved by the Philippine Department of Health and describes their uses and preparations. Finally, it discusses the importance of proper body mechanics, which includes maintaining good posture, balance, coordination, and joint mobility.
complementary therapies in labour ..different types of therapies at the time of pregnancy , water birth and their advantages and disadvantages , different types of messages while pregnancy
Cupping therapy is an Eastern medicine technique that involves applying evacuated cups to the skin to draw blood through the surface. The best time for cupping is in the middle of the month when lunar influence and humoral activity are at their peak. Wet cupping, which involves making small incisions and then applying cups, is used to treat conditions not caused by excess wind, while dry cupping without incisions resolves cold swellings from wind. Cupping sites include the back, shoulders, neck, face, thighs, hips, ankles, and abdomen to treat various pains and illnesses. Wet cupping purifies the skin and removes thin blood more effectively than other elimination methods without loss of vital fluids or serious disturbance.
This document discusses cupping therapy, an ancient Chinese technique that uses suction cups placed on the skin. It describes how cupping therapy works by using fire to create suction in glass cups placed on the skin, which causes the skin to redden as blood vessels expand. Cupping therapy has been used for over 3,500 years in Egypt and ancient Greece to treat various ailments. The document outlines the proposed benefits of cupping therapy such as reducing pain, improving circulation, detoxification, and relieving stress.
Cupping therapy is an ancient practice over 5000 years old that is used globally to treat a broad spectrum of health disorders. It works through the body's cutivisceral reflex paths to stimulate circulation and regulate disturbed functions at the site of suction cups. This helps eliminate blockages and strengthens the body's natural healing powers without adverse side effects. Common methods include dry cupping, wet cupping, and cupping massage to improve blood flow and treat issues like bronchitis, influenza, and pain.
Covid-19 healing, flu, pain management, chronic illnesses, autism and ADHD re...Van Dao Duy
The document discusses trigger points in the body that can cause diseases over time if not removed. It provides several traditional alternative healing techniques for removing trigger points, including pressing on hands and feet, using herbal oils, foot soaks, and warm back massages. It also discusses the importance of lung health and oxygen intake, and recommends exercises like clapping the chest, deep breathing, and abdominal massages for treating illnesses like fever and cough.
health and fitness ,
What are the 4 types of health?
What is health and its importance?
What is the meaning of UN in health?
What are the 3 biggest health problems?
What is your definition of health?
What are the 5 issues on health?
What is the most health issue?
What are the 5 issues on health?
What is the most health issue?
What was the first definition of health?
What is global health issues?
Why does global health matter?
WHO main objective?
What are the objectives of health?
this presentation is all about vital force . this is the useful information for the students of homeopathy streamhyddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjvgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg .
Introduction to Dental Implant for undergraduate studentShamsuddin Mahmud
Introduction to Dental Implant
Dr Shamsuddin Mahmud
Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics
Nortth East Medical College (Dental Unit)
Definition of Dental Implant
A prosthetic device
made of alloplastic material(s)
implanted into the oral tissues beneath the mucosal and/or periosteal layer and
on or within the bone
to provide retention and support for a fixed or removable dental prosthesis.
Classification of Dental Implant
According to placement within the tissue
Blade/Plate form implant
According to Material Used
A) METALLIC IMPLANTS
Commercially pure Titanium
Cobalt chromium molybdenum
Titanium aluminum vanadium
Stainless steel
B) NON-METALLIC IMPLANT
Zirconium
Ceramic
Carbon
According to the ability of implant to stimulate bone formation
A) Bio active
Hydroxyapatite
Tri Calcium Phosphate
B) Bio inert
Metals
Parts of Dental Implant
Implant fixture
Implant mount
Cover screw
Gingival former/healing screw/healing abutment/permucosal extension
Impression post/impression transfer abutment
Implant analogue
Abutment
Fixation screw
Implant Fixture
Implant Mount
Connected to the fixture
Function: used to carry implant from its vital to the prepared osteotomy site either by hand or with a ratchet/ handpiece adaption
Cover Screw
component that is used to cover the implant connection during the submerged healing of the implant
Function: preserves the patency of the connection by preventing any soft tissue ingrowth in the connection
Gingival former/ Healing Abutment/ Healing screw
Screw/ abutment used to create the soft tissue emergence profile around the implant.
Time of placement:
During 1st surgery – One step surgery
After Osseointegration – Two step/stage surgery
Gingival former/ Healing Abutment/ Healing screw
Placed in the site 2-3 weeks for soft tissue healing
Function:
Create gingival emergence profile
Formation of biological width
Impression post/impression transfer abutment
component that is used to trans- fer the implant Hex position and orientation from the mouth to the working cast.
Types
Closed tray
Open tray
Implant analogue/
component which has a different body but its platform and connection are exactly similar to the implant. The analogue is used to replicate the implant platform and connection in the laboratory mode.
Abutment
Abutments
Advantages of Dental Implant Retained Prosthesis
Maintain bone height and width by preventing bone resorption
Maintain facial esthetics
Improve masticatory performance
Improve stability and retention of prosthesis
More esthetics
Increase survival times of prostheses
There is no need to alter adjacent teeth
Improve psychological health
Disadvantages of Dental Implant Retained Prosthesis
Very expensive.
Cannot be used in medically compromised patients who cannot undergo surgery.
Longer duration of treatment
Requires a lot of patient co-operation because of repeated recall visits are essential
INDICATION OF DENTAL IMPLANT
Dental implants can successfully restore all
Heart Valves and Heart Sounds -Congenital & valvular heart disease.pdfMedicoseAcademics
This presentation, authored by Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology at CIMS Multan, delivers an in-depth analysis of heart valves, heart sounds, valvular heart diseases, and congenital heart defects. It begins by distinguishing between normal and abnormal heart sounds, elucidating the timing and causes of the four heart sounds—S1, S2, S3, and S4—and their clinical significance. Detailed explanations are provided on the auscultation sounds that define conditions such as mitral stenosis, mitral insufficiency, aortic stenosis, and aortic insufficiency, with a focus on how these pathological changes affect cardiac mechanics and blood pressure.
The presentation delves into abnormal heart sounds, known as murmurs, categorizing them by their causes, which include valvular lesions, rheumatic fever, aging, congenital heart diseases, viral infections during pregnancy, and hereditary factors. It explores the various types of murmurs, their timing within the cardiac cycle, and their association with specific valvular heart diseases such as stenosis and regurgitation. The intricate relationship between systolic and diastolic murmurs and conditions like anemia and ventricular septal defects is also highlighted.
Further, the presentation covers the pathophysiology of congenital heart diseases, offering a comprehensive review of conditions such as Tetralogy of Fallot and Patent Ductus Arteriosus. It explains the mechanisms of these diseases, their impact on cardiac function, and the clinical manifestations observed in affected individuals. The physiological adjustments of the circulatory system during exercise in patients with valvular lesions are discussed, emphasizing the reduced cardiac reserve and the risk of acute pulmonary edema.
Special attention is given to the compensatory mechanisms of the heart in response to valvular diseases, including the development of concentric and eccentric hypertrophy, increased venous return, and the eventual progression to heart failure. The presentation also examines rheumatic valvular lesions, aging-related aortic stenosis, and the specific challenges posed by these conditions, such as reduced stroke volume and increased metabolic demand.
This thorough exploration of heart sounds, valvular diseases, and congenital defects is designed to enhance understanding and clinical acumen, making it a valuable resource for medical students, healthcare professionals, and educators in the field of cardiology and physiology.
Report Back from ASCO 2024: Latest Updates on Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC)....bkling
Join Dr. Kevin Kalinsky, breast oncologist and researcher from Emory Winship Cancer Institute, to learn about the latest updates from The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting 2024.
Lymphoma Made Easy , New Teaching LecturesMiadAlsulami
This lecture was presented today as part of our local Saudi Fellowship program. After three years of direct interaction with trainees and hematologists, I have started to develop an understanding of what needs to be covered. This lecture might serve as a roadmap for approaching and reporting lymphoma cases.
Subcutaneous nodules in rheumatic diseases Ahmed Yehia Assistant Professor of internal Medicine, Immunology, rheumatology and allergy
How to use subcutaneous nodules as a clue for diagnosis by completing the puzzle
Interventional radiology is a medical specialty that uses imaging techniques, such as X-rays, CT scans, and ultrasound, to guide minimally invasive procedures to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions. These procedures can be an alternative to open surgery, often resulting in shorter recovery times for patients.
कायाकल्प क्लिनिक: पटना के अग्रणी सेक्सोलॉजिस्ट और स्किन केयर विशेषज्ञ
पटना का एक शानदार स्वास्थ्य सेवा प्रदाता, कायाकल्प क्लिनिक, आपके स्वास्थ्य और त्वचा की देखभाल में विशेषज्ञता प्रदान करता है। हमारे नवीनतम तकनीकी समाधानों और अनुभवी विशेषज्ञों के साथ, हम पुरुष और महिलाओं के स्वास्थ्य सम्बंधित मुद्दों को हल करते हैं। यहां पर हम प्रदान करते हैं:
Expert Treatment for Sex Issues at Kaya Kalp Clinic in Patna -best sexologist in patna
Dealing with sex-related problems? Find effective solutions at Kaya Kalp Clinic in Patna. Our experienced sexologist doctors are here to help.
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We understand the sensitivity of these issues. Our doctors provide confidential and respectful care. We tailor treatments to meet your needs and lifestyle.
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Discover the Best Sexologist in Patna: Expert Care at Kayakalp Clinic
Kayakalp Clinic - Best Sexologist in Patna
Kayakalp Clinic - Best Sexologist in Patna
When it comes to sexual health, finding the right expert is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment. At Kayakalp Clinic in Patna, we pride ourselves on providing exceptional care for a wide range of sexual health issues. If you’re searching for the best sexologist in Patna, look no further. Our team of highly skilled professionals is here to help you navigate and resolve your concerns with confidentiality and compassion.
Why Choose Kayakalp Clinic?
1. Experienced Professionals
Our sexologists are highly trained and experienced in dealing with various sexual health issues. They stay updated with the latest advancements in the field to provide the best care possible.
2. Comprehensive Services
At Kayakalp Clinic, we offer a wide range of services, including:
- Treatment for erectile dysfunction
- Solutions for premature ejaculation
- Counseling for low libido
- Infertility treatment
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We understand that every individual is unique, and so are their health concerns. Our sexologists take the time to understand your specific needs and create personalized treatment plans to ensure the best outcomes.
TEST BANK Physical Examination and Health Assessment 9th Edition by Carolyn J...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK Physical Examination and Health Assessment 9th Edition by Carolyn Jarvis, All Chapters 1 - 32 Full Complete.pdf
TEST BANK Physical Examination and Health Assessment 9th Edition by Carolyn Jarvis, All Chapters 1 - 32 Full Complete.pdf
These simplified lecture slides by Dr Sidra Arshad offer a concise look at the cardiovascular effects of heart failure:
1. Define cardiac failure, its pathophysiology and clinical manifestations
2. Differentiate between the factors causing hyper-effective and hypo-effective heart functions
3. Differentiate between right and left heart failure based on their presentation
4. Outline the physiology of treatment of cardiac failure
These are the class of Drugs that are used to treat and prevent cardiac arrhythmias by blocking ion channels involved in cardiac impulse generation and conduction. Class I drugs like quinidine and procainamide block sodium channels to prolong the action potential duration, while Class IB drugs like lignocaine shorten repolarization. Class III drugs like amiodarone block potassium channels to prolong the action potential. Calcium channel blockers like verapamil inhibit calcium influx. Other drugs include adenosine for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, beta blockers for supraventricular arrhythmias, and atropine for bradycardias. Adverse effects vary between drugs but include arrhythmias, heart block and QT prolong
Principles of Cleaning
Nonsurgical root canal treatment is a predictable method of retaining a tooth that otherwise would require extraction. Success of root canal treatment in a tooth with a vital pulp is higher than that of a tooth that is necrotic with periradicular pathosis. The difference is the persistent irritation of necrotic tissue remnants, and the inability to remove the microorganisms and their by-products. The most significant factors affecting this process are tooth anatomy and morphology, and the instruments and irrigants available for treatment. Instruments must contact and plane the canal walls to debride the canal.
Morphologic factors such as lateral and accessory canals, canal curvatures, canal wall irregularities, fins, cul-de-sacs, and isthmuses make total debridement virtually impossible. Therefore the goal of cleaning not total elimination of the irritants but it is to reduce the irritants.
Currently there are no reliable methods to assess cleaning. The presence of clean dentinal shavings, the color of the irrigant, and canal enlargement three file sizes beyond the first instrument to bind have been used to assess the adequacy; however, these do not correlate well with debridement. Obtaining glassy smooth walls is a preferred indicator. The properly prepared canals should feel smooth in all dimensions when the tip of a small file is pushed against the canal walls. This indicates that files have had contact and planed all accessible canal walls thereby maximizing debridement (recognizing that total debridement usually does not occur).
Principles of Shaping
The purpose of shaping is to
1) facilitate cleaning and
2) provide space for placing the obturating materials.
The main objective of shaping is to maintain or develop a continuously tapering funnel from the canal orifice to the apex. This decreases procedural errors when cleaning and enlarging apically. The degree of enlargement is often dictated by the method of obturation. For lateral compaction of gutta percha the canal should be enlarged sufficiently to permit placement of the spreader to within 1-2 millimeters of the corrected working length. There is a correlation between the depth of spreader penetration and the apical seal.5 For warm vertical compaction techniques the coronal enlargement must permit the placement of the pluggers to within 3 to 5 mm of the corrected working length.6
As dentin is removed from the canal walls the root is weakened.7 The degree of shaping is determined by the preoperative root dimension, the obturation technique, and the restorative treatment plan. Narrow thin roots such as the mandibular incisors cannot be enlarged to the same degree as more bulky roots such as the maxillary central incisors. Post placement is also a determining factor in the amount of coronal dentin removal.
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges or vermicides
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a comprehensive look into cardiac arrhythmias.
Learning objectives:
1. Summarise how an electrocardiogram is read
2. Discuss the electrocardiographic interpretation of:
3. Abnormal voltages of the QRS complex
4. Abnormal sinus rhythms
5. Heart blocks
6. Myocardial ischemia and infarction
7. Electrolytes abnormalities
8. Explain the following terms: reentry, and circus movement
9. Describe the electrical alteration in conduction responsible for fibrillation and flutter
10. Differentiate between fibrillation and flutter based on ECG findings
11. Describe the significance of defibrillation in emergency cardiac situations
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 12, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, https://geekymedics.com/how-to-read-an-ecg/
As a leading rheumatologist in Chandigarh, Dr. Aseem specializes in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of rheumatic conditions, including but not limited to:
Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the joints.
Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage.
Lupus: A systemic autoimmune disease that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs.
Ankylosing Spondylitis: A type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, causing pain and stiffness.
Gout: A form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and tenderness in the joints.
Psoriatic Arthritis: A type of arthritis that affects some people with psoriasis.
Vasculitis: An inflammation of the blood vessels that can cause a variety of symptoms.
Sjogren’s Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder characterized by dry eyes and mouth.
Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Dr. Aseem Goyal utilizes advanced diagnostic techniques to identify the underlying causes of rheumatic conditions. Our state-of-the-art facility is equipped with the latest technology to provide comprehensive diagnostic services, including:
Blood Tests: To check for markers of inflammation and autoimmune activity.
Imaging Studies: Such as X-rays, MRI, and ultrasound to assess joint and soft tissue damage.
Joint Fluid Analysis: To examine the fluid in the joints for signs of inflammation or infection.
Biopsy: In certain cases, a small tissue sample may be taken for further examination.
Treatment Approaches
Dr. Aseem Goyal adopts a holistic and patient-centered approach to treatment. Depending on the specific condition and its severity, treatment options may include:
Medications
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): To reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): To slow the progression of rheumatic diseases.
Biologic Agents: Targeted therapies that block specific pathways in the immune system.
Corticosteroids: To control severe inflammation quickly.
2. Cupping refers to any natural treatment method in which
suction cups are used in therapy.
Cupping is one of the traditional treatment methods that do
not involve medicinal substances but nevertheless serve
as useful weapons in the fight against many diseases or
complaints. Applied correctly, the method is harmless and
does not cause any adverse side-effects. The results are
often fast and impressive because the body reacts within
hours to cupping at the proper location.
The goal of cupping is to strengthen or activate the
organism’s self-healing powers, when these are not able to
do so on their own. Cupping stimulates and supports the
options that nature has provided the body with to resist
disease.
3. "Cupping is a form of alternative medicine in
which cups are placed on the skin to create
suction. The pressure in the cup is reduced
by use of heat or suctioning out the air so the
skin and superficial layers are drawn out and
held in the cup.”
Ancient Chinese practice.
Taoist Herbalist: Ge Hong (281-341 A.D.)
Animal horns
Hippocrates Father of modern medicine.
4. Mobilizes blood flow to promote healing.
Promotes detoxification.
Invigorates Qi.
Regulates aspects of the autonomic NS.
Deep relaxation of muscle fascia.
5. TCM teaches that it is the stagnation of Qi and
blood that causes pain and disease. Cupping
invigorates local circulation of Qi and blood in
the area being treated, resolving swelling, pain,
and tension. By drawing impurities to the
surface, it removes toxins. From a Western
physiology perspective, cupping loosens
connective tissue or fascia and stimulated blood
flow to the surface. Cupping stimulates tissue
relaxation and better cell-to-cell communication.
7. Skin that is inflamed
High fever
Convulsions
Cramping
Easy bleeding
Pathological level of low platelets
Abdominal area or low back area during
pregnancy
Should not glide over boney prominences
Best use is over fleshy areas
8. Various types of Cupping involving different levels of
suction, heat and duration.
Dry Cupping
Wet Cupping
• Medicinal bleeding
Needle Cupping
• Acupuncture
• Dry needling
Gliding
• Massage cupping
Cupping is the inverse of massage- cupping draws the
skin upwards (massage pushes the muscles downward)
which causes a relaxing and relieving sensation.
9. Wet cupping- Muslim world.
• Mild suction using cups, left for 3 minutes then
remove
and make a small skin incision using a cupping
scalpel.
Gliding- oil used to decrease friction (sometimes
medical oils with herbs)
• Moxibustion- moxa made from dried mugwort.
Use with acupuncture or burned on pts skin.Warm
meridian points to promote flow of Qi. Pain control.
• It is found that moxibustion alone and with
acupuncture may be effective in changing breech
presentation of babies by affecting the placental
release of estrogen and prostaglandins which leads
to uterine contractions thatchange the babies
positioning.
10. 1. Flammable substance is placed in a cup and set
on fire.
2. As the fire burns out, the cup is places upside
down on the patients skin
3. The air inside the cup is cooling which causes
the vacuuming effect.
4. This causes the skin to rise and redden as blood
vessels expand.
5. Generally left on the skin for 5-20 minutes.
*Plastic cups used with suction pump vs. glass
cups with fire
*Plastic cups are suitable for gliding cupping. They
have more control over the amount of suction and
are easier to use.
11. "A circulating life force or energy whose
existence and properties are the basis of
much Chinese philosophy and medicine."
• 5 Elements
• Cyclic
• Create
• Destroy
• Sickness due to imbalance
of elements
• Overproduction
• Underproduction
• Associated with symptoms or traits
• Complementary forces not opposing
• Everything is composed of both Yin &
Yang (ex: shadow)
• Health and longevity
12. Yin
• Dark, cool, wet
• Earth to heaven
• Female
• Solid organs
• Negative force
• Outward
movement
• Towards periphery
• Internal energy
Yang
• Light, warm, dry
• Heaven to Earth
• Male
• Hollow organs
• Positive force
• Inward movement
• Towards center
• Physical body
13. Yin & Yang determine meridians
Associated with body parts/ organs
Manipulating meridians has effect on body
functions associated with that meridian
Qi flows through meridians
Used to balance the 5 elements
15. The action of Weak cupping is intended to remove
stagnation and at the same time tonify the weak Qi and
Blood, and is therefore termed a ‘tonifying’ method .
The amount of flesh drawn into the cups should be
minimal and hardly raised.
Weak cupping is the gentlest method of all and is
particularly suitable for debilitated adults, elderly patients
and young children, especially those under 7 years of age.
Light cupping can be applied almost anywhere on the
body, and may cause a slight reddening of the skin, rather
than a deep, dark cupping mark or blister. Therefore the
duration of Weak cupping can be as long as 30 minutes.
16. Medium cupping can be safely administered to
children over 7 years old, as well as to adults. With
Medium cupping the suction is firmer .
However, there is a real danger of draining the
patient’s Qi if the cups are left on for longer than 30
minutes, leaving the patient lethargic.
With this method the skin is pulled well into the cup,
creating a slight redness as mentioned earlier. If the
cups are left on for longer, the redness will turn to
dark red or purple, indicating a stronger application.
17. The purpose of a Strong cupping treatment is to move Blood and Qi
and eliminate internal/ external pathogenic factors and stagnation
from patients
The purpose of a Strong cupping treatment is to move Blood and Qi
and eliminate internal/ external pathogenic factors and stagnation
from patients
A strong vacuum will be produced, giving a strong pulling sensation
of the skin inside the cup. Because of the strong nature of the pulling
action the skin will quickly turn red, and shortly after turn purple,
inside the cup.
When using a Strong cupping method for the first time a very dark
red cupping mark is inevitable; this can take up to 15-20 days to
disappear completely. The cupping time should also be short:
between 5 and 10 minutes during the first session. This can be
increased up to 20 minutes in later applications.
Fine capillaries under the skin can also break relatively easily with
strong suction, causing deeper and longer-lasting cupping marks.
This is also the only method of cupping that can cause blisters to
form rather quickly.
18. The Strong cupping method should be
avoided on the face, stomach and abdomen,
and on children under the age of 16, the
elderly and frail, and during pregnancy.
19. The object of this treatment technique is to apply Strong cupping
therapy to a much larger area of the body by the moving/sliding
action of the cup.
Oil the skin liberally and apply a single medium-sized and
medium-strength cup to the treatment area .Control the suction
by gently moving the cup in any one direction.
If the suction is strong, moving the cup will be difficult and any
attempt to do so will result in extreme pain. Grip the cup with
one hand while supporting the skin close to it with the other. Pull
and slide the cup alongside the meridian using long strokes. Do
not apply short, up-and-down movements as this may cause
unnecessary pain. If there is difficulty in moving the cup this is
an indication that the suction is too strong and needs to be
reduced. The primary objective of Moving cupping is to resolve
Stagnation, manipulate the excess pathogens and bring up the
Heat to the surface of the skin. After only a few strokes
pink/reddish cupping marks will appear alongside the line of
movement
20. Avoid using the Moving method on an open
wound or lesion, as the skin must be smooth
and unbroken. This treatment is not
recommended for children under the age of
16, or for the frail and weak. The first
treatment should not exceed 5 minutes,
building up to a maximum of 20 minutes per
session.
This is also the most powerful method for
manipulating the lymphatic circulation and
therefore requires particular attention when
dealing with any form of lymphoma
22. It is Moving cupping with much reduced suction power.
This technique is considered the only safe method in the
treatment of lymphatic drainage, as well as being the
exclusive cupping method in the treatment of cellulite
complaints .
During the application of the Light-moving cupping
method, slight pinkish cupping marks appear on the skin,
normally following the direction and movement of the cup
All Moving cupping techniques require special attention,
particularly when there is a broken skin surface, scratches,
cuts, bruise marks, open wounds or when skin moles are
present
23. Needle cupping is mostly used for red and painful muscular areas as well as
the knee and elbow joints, where there is a need to stop the pain and
remove the excess pathogenic heat at the same time.
The practitioner should administer the acupuncture treatment/Dry Needle as
intended under normal circumstances, leaving the needles in place as long
as necessary. One can reduce the acupuncture treatment time by 10-15
minutes if Needle cupping is intended to follow it.
Following the acupuncture treatment, leave the needles in position and
apply oil to the surrounding skin.
Medium and Strong application is necessary if the treatment is over the
joints and Weak to Medium if the treatment is over muscular areas. Retain
the cups in position for 10-15 minutes. Some blood may be drawn into the
cup through the needles; this is quite acceptable, especially if the suction is
Strong.
This method is not recommended for children of any age.
25. For acupuncture
practitioners only
Hot Needle cupping is
used open the
obstruction and relieve
the pain, and moxa is
employed to heat the
needle and transfer
the heat to the
acupuncture point in
order to warm and
tonify that particular
energetic point.
26. Empty cupping is also called Flash cupping for its speed during the
application. This is actually a Medium to Strong cupping method, but is
applied rapidly and the cups remain in place for a very short time, i.e.
less than 30 seconds. It is used to stimulate and move the Blood and
Qi in the weak and frail.
Empty cupping is applied on the back as well as the front of the body,
and the technique is simple. Oil the area to be cupped, place up to 12
cups near at hand, light a large cotton wool ball and apply the cups
simultaneously Once all the cups are in place, start removing them
without delay, beginning with the first to be applied. When all have
been removed, reapply them immediately in different positions. This
can be repeated for between 5 and 10 minutes. Slight pinkish cupping
marks will appear all over the back, but these will fade away within a
day or two. This is a favorite cupping method for children. Stress-
related emotional conditions, tiredness, low fevers in children or the
elderly, feeling cold and feverish in the same group and
gastrointestinal problems can all be treated by the Empty cupping
method.
28. Bleeding technique is employed in order to purge foul
blood, which was considered the source of disease, from
the body. Leeches were also widely used for the same
purpose. Today this method is used in the treatment of a
sudden increase in blood pressure, high fevers, Blood
stasis, and in discharging pus from boils and furuncles,
which represents Excess, with Blood-Heat, Blood-poison
and Stagnation. Bleeding cupping is also administered to
treat a variety of sports injuries. From this description it
can be seen that this method is only suitable for adults
with strong, Excess (Shi) energies, and not for children or
the elderly.
29. Sterilise the point with alcohol and make a very small
incision (0.5 cm or the length of a rice grain) with a
surgical blade or, using a Plum-Blossom needle, firmly tap
the point for a short time to cause bleeding .
Once the point is bled, choose a large cup (size 4 or 5)
and apply a Strong cupping method to the point. The blood
will quite quickly be observed being drawn slowly into the
cup . If the incision is adequate, between 20 and 100 ml of
blood can be drawn into the cup. However, if the patient is
taking any type of anticoagulant drug this may result in
more bleeding.
Removing the cup also requires attention and care; refrain
from hurrying as this may cause the blood to spill or spray
from the cup. Within a maximum of 5 minutes the bleeding
should stop.
31. For this method one requires a few bamboo cups .These
bamboo cups are boiled in water with herb for 30 min and
then with same procedure are applied over skin.
The herbs are absorbed by the bamboo cups, which in
turn transfer their healing properties to the patient. This
method is usually employed when external pathogens
such as Cold, Damp and Wind attack the body, causing
stiffness and aching, particularly in the neck and shoulders
(common cold, asthma and cough). Although this
treatment is not recommended for children of any age, it is
particularly beneficial for the elderly .
33. This is one of the least used and practiced
cupping methods.
34. When circulation is sluggish or compromised in an injured or diseased area of
the body, insufficient oxygen gets to the cells, and there will be a local build-
up of waste products. When the skin is pressed, the blanching that occurs is
slow to fade. Suction pulls toxins, pathogenic factors, blood poison, dead
lymph and cellular debris from deep within the tissues to the surface. These
debilitating agents are then more easily expelled from the body. The deposits
dissipate from a few hours up to several weeks, depending on the amount of
stagnation and the patients post treatment activities.
The quality of the pathogenic factors varies according to the severity of the
patient's blood stasis -- which correlates with the nature, severity and type of
condition they have. It can appear from a light pink to a dark purple, but is
usually a shade of red. Often tiny raised bumps will appear. Sometimes a
clear fluid will be drawn to the surface. These are all results of disease and
toxins being removed from deep within the tissues. The more discoloration
that surfaces – the greater level of stagnation and toxicity needing to be
purged from the body.
36. Cupping frequently causes marks on the skin. This is due to
bringing blood to the surface, similar to a bruise. For patients
with bleeding disorders such as hemophilia or who are being
treated with anticoagulants, cupping may not be the best
treatment option. People with these conditions should discuss
the pros and cons of treatment with their acupuncturist or doctor
before receiving cupping. Cupping should not be performed on
skin sites with active inflammation, burns, infection, or
open wounds. Some discomfort can occur but should not be
considered a side effect. Moderate, temporary discomfort is
expected as stagnation is removed and connective tissue and
muscles are loosened.
Practitioners (especially traditional Western health-care
providers) need to be aware of cupping as a treatment modality.
In children, the bruising and discolorations post-cupping can be
mistaken as a sign of child abuse
37. The bruises for cupping
can last for a few days up
to two weeks. According to
TCM practitioner Casco, it
is expected that over
several weeks of repeated
cupping treatments the
bruising will decrease as
the stagnation resolves.
This indicates a successful
result of a cupping
treatment protocol.
38. A Myofascial TP is a hyperirritable focal point within a taut
band of skeletal muscle fibres. On compression, it can
evoke typical referred pain and autonomic phenomena. A
Myofascial TP is located in skeletal muscle and its
associated fascia distinguished from a TP in other tissues
such as skin, ligament and periosteum.
What Causes Trigger Points?
Generally speaking, any action or movement that puts extra
load on the musculoskeletal system can be the culprit.
Persistent wrong posture while sitting or walking, carrying or
lifting heavy loads, accidents, strains, falls, overwork, overuse of
a particular muscle group and a stressful lifestyle can all
contribute to trigger point formation.
39. During the cupping application a strong, negative pressure is created over the
trigger point. This in turn will result in the stimulation of the stagnant Blood or
Qi into movement towards the direction of the cup. The negative pressure will
also force oxygen-rich blood to flow into the trigger point, releasing the
muscular knot/lump. Sometimes trigger points are difficult to obliterate
completely, especially when dealing with long-established trigger points.
These may require more frequent cupping application, which can be as often
as three times per week.
Because trigger points are located at the deeper layers of the muscle tissues,
a Strong cupping method is often required to be effectual.
Typically a single cup is applied to the trigger point, with several additional
cups to the borders of the muscular structure or the path of pain. Not all
trigger points are suitable for cupping therapy owing to their anatomical
location. In these cases other methods of trigger point release should be
employed.
One of the most suitable and effective types of cupping apparatus while
conducting trigger point cupping is the pistol handle cupping set.
40. Active myofascial trigger point: A myofascial trigger point that causes a clinical
pain complaint. It is always tender, prevents full lengthening of the muscle,
weakens the muscle, refers a patient-recognized pain on direct compression,
mediates a local twitch response of muscle fibers when adequately
stimulated, and when compressed within the patient’s pain tolerance,
produces referred motor phenomena and often autonomic phenomena,
generally in its pain reference zone, and causes tenderness in the pain
reference zone.
Latent myofascial trigger point: A myofascial trigger point that is clinically
quiescent (dormant) with respect to spontaneous pain; it is painful only when
palpated. A latent trigger point may have all the other clinical characteristics of
an active trigger point and always has a taut band that increases muscle
tension and restricts range of motion.
Both types of trigger point share similar physical characteristics: well-defined,
tense, palpable myofascial tightness, with a distinct painful nodule when
pressed. An experienced tactile therapy practitioner has no difficulty in
identifying these tight nodules; as well as feeling taut or tense the patient will
always respond and react (sometime with extreme wrench) to the stimulation
of trigger points.
42. Flat Palpation
Using the padded aspect of the fingers or thumb and
proceeding at a right angle across the muscle fibers while
pressing them against the underlying tissue or bone. When
trigger points exist taut bands, exquisite, focal tenderness
(Trigger Points), and a twitch response will be detected.
Pincer Palpation
The muscle or muscles are rolled between the tips of the
digits to detect taut bands of fibers, to detect exquisite,
focal tenderness (Trigger Points), and to elicit local twitch
responses.
Snapping Palpation
Locate a taut band of muscle and place fingertip at right
angles. Begin moving your fingers back and forth to roll the
underlying fibers under the finger. This is just as plucking a
guitar string except contact with the surface is maintained.
The purpose of this method is to elicit a local twitch
response and is most effective when done near or on the
trigger point with the muscle at a neutral length or slightly
lengthened.