APA General Format
Summary
APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within
the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6th edition, second printing of the
APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations,
endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association, (6th ed., 2nd printing).
Contributors: Joshua M. Paiz, Elizabeth Angeli, Jodi Wagner, Elena Lawrick, Kristen Moore,
Michael Anderson, Lars Soderlund, Allen Brizee, Russell Keck
Last Edited: 2016-05-13 12:06:24
Please use the example at the bottom of this page to cite the Purdue OWL in APA.
To see a side-by-side comparison of the three most widely used citation styles, including a chart
of all APA citation guidelines, see the Citation Style Chart.
You can also watch our APA vidcast series on the Purdue OWL YouTube Channel.
General APA Guidelines
Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins
on all sides. You should use a clear font that is highly readable. APA recommends using 12 pt.
Times New Roman font.
Include a page header (also known as the "running head") at the top of every page. To create
a page header/running head, insert page numbers flush right. Then type "TITLE OF YOUR
PAPER" in the header flush left using all capital letters. The running head is a shortened
version of your paper's title and cannot exceed 50 characters including spacing and punctuation.
Major Paper Sections
Your essay should include four major sections: The Title Page, Abstract, Main Body,
and References.
Title Page
The title page should contain the title of the paper, the author's name, and the institutional
affiliation. Include the page header (described above) flush left with the page number flush right
at the top of the page. Please note that on the title page, your page header/running head should
look like this:
Running head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER
Pages after the title page should have a running head that looks like this:
TITLE OF YOUR PAPER
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/949/01/
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8F43A67F38DE3D5D&feature=edit_ok
http://www.youtube.com/user/OWLPurdue
After consulting with publication specialists at the APA, OWL staff learned that the APA 6th
edition, first printing sample papers have incorrect examples of Running heads on pages after
the title page. This link will take you to the APA site where you can find a complete list of all the
errors in the APA's 6th edition style guide.
Type your title in upper and lowercase letters centered in the upper half of the page. APA
recommends that your title be no more than 12 words in length and that it should not contain
abbreviations or words that serve no purpose. Your title may take up one or two l.
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Similar to APA General Format Summary APA (American Psychological.docx
This document provides information about citing sources in APA style. It explains the general APA format for research papers, in-text citations, references, and it includes examples of how to cite different source types. The document is from the Purdue OWL, an online writing resource maintained by Purdue University writers and editors.
Assignment TemplateFull Title of the TopicAuthor’s Name .docxrock73
Assignment Template
Full Title of the Topic
Author’s Name
Majmaah University
College of Applied Medical Sciences
Department of Nursing
Date of Submission:Month, Day, Year
Page 9 of 9
Table of Contents
Abstract3
Introduction and Background4
Problem Statement4
Objectives and Aims4
Review of Literature5
Ethical Consideration6
Conclusion6
References8
Appendix9
Basic APA, 6th ed., Citation Styles9
Abstract
This template is a guide to writing a paper in APA Style, 6th edition; not for a systematic review proposal. It provides the necessary sections, headings, and subheadings required in a proposal, as well as the line and paragraph spacing, page breaks, page numbering, and referencing styles. It is formatted with one inch top, bottom, left, and right margins; Times New Roman font in 12 point; double-spaced; aligned flush left; and paragraphs indented 5-7 spaces. The page number appears one inch from the right edge on the first line of each page. There should be two spaces between sentences. Without changing the formatting, insert your own text into each template section. This section of the template provides an example of what an abstract would look like. An abstract is a brief (approximately 250 words) one-paragraph summary of the contents of the proposal. The abstract, typically written last, includes an overview of the proposed project's background and review of literature, purpose, method, results, and conclusion. It is non-evaluative, that is, does not contain personal comments. It is not indented nor does it contain citations. Keywords, such as those below, are words you used to perform database searches for the proposal. For more information about APA Style, see the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.), the APA Style web site found at http://www.apastyle.org, and the Purdue Owl Writing Center website found at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/.
Keywords: APA style, sixth edition, publication manualIntroduction and Background
In this introductory section, write a few paragraphs that give an overview of your topic and background information. Tell why the study problem is important. Build a case for the need for the project that you propose to perform. Support this with findings from the literature, include relevant statistics, and cite them according to APA Style, 6th ed. As O'Leary (2010) says, "the main job of this section is "to ... convince your readers that the problem you want to address is significant and worth exploring" (p. 64).
All source material used in this proposal must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the authors and dates of the sources (See Appendix A for basic citation guidelines). The full reference to each citation must appear on a separate reference page(s) entitled 'References'. The reference pages at the end of this template provide examples of types of references frequently used in academic papers. Reference entries ar ...
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the key aspects of APA style including in-text citations, references, headings, tables, figures, and general paper formatting. The guidelines cover topics such as using author-date citations, order of sections, title page formatting for student and professional papers, reference list creation, and citing different source types such as personal communications.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the key aspects of APA style including in-text citations, references, titles, headings, tables, figures, and general paper formatting. The guidelines cover topics such as using active voice, quoting and paraphrasing sources, citing works by multiple authors, and citing sources with no page numbers. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate how to format different parts of a paper and cite various source types according to APA style.
APA POWERPOINT REPORT WRITING GUIDELINES.pptxBONNIEPARRISH1
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the key aspects of APA style including in-text citations, references, titles, headings, tables, figures, and general paper formatting. The guidelines cover topics such as using active voice, quoting and paraphrasing sources, citing works by multiple authors, and citing sources with no page numbers. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate how to format different parts of a paper and cite various source types according to APA style.
This document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) style guide for formatting papers and citations. It discusses the general paper format, including title page layout, section headings, font, margins and page numbers. It also reviews in-text citation formats, reference list entries, and guidelines for quoting and paraphrasing sources. The key aspects of APA style covered include title case, active voice, signal phrases, and citing multiple authors.
The document provides guidelines for a research paper assignment, including:
- The paper should be 8-10 pages excluding cover and reference pages, with a minimum of 8 references from 2002 or later.
- APA style is required for citations and references. Plagiarism should be avoided by properly citing sources.
- The paper should have an objective, third-person tone and include an introduction, body, and conclusion sections separated by main headings.
- At least 3-4 citations per page are expected, with a balance of paraphrased material and direct quotes. Opinions and experiences should be minimized.
Essay 3 Proposal and Annotated BibliographyProposalResearch.docxrusselldayna
Essay 3: Proposal and Annotated Bibliography
Proposal
Research papers and projects frequently require a proposal. Proposals are a way of introducing the topic and methodology of your research to your audience before the research paper is complete.
Your proposal for this assignment should be one paragraph that includes:
· The research question on which you will focus
· Why this topic is important or relevant
· A summary of what you expect to discover
· An explanation of what subtopics you will need to research to fully understand your topic
For this assignment, you may need to use first person (I/me).
Annotated Bibliography
An annotated bibliography is a list of sources you are consulting for research accompanied by formal notes (or annotations) written about each source.
An annotated bibliography serves several purposes:
· It allows you to review the materials you have and see what information you still need.
· It lets you synthesize the information you have gathered to further develop
your argument.
· It helps you begin to prepare your sources in the style required for your Works
Cited page.
· It helps other researchers understand what is being published on your topic.
Using the articles you have found on your own, prepare your own annotated bibliography.
You should include a total of at least ten sources.
For each source, you should include:
· The appropriate MLA citation for that source
· A three to five sentence objective summary of that source in your own words
· A one to two sentence evaluation of how you might use the source in your paper or how it might contribute to your research
For examples and additional help, you may refer to p. 66-70 of The Little Seagull Handbook or use the following OWL link: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/1/
(Continued on next page)
Your Proposal and Annotated Bibliography is due on
Thursday, November 15. (Upload to Final Draft # 3 in Essays 3 and 4 folder.)
You will need to submit it to eCampus and bring a hard copy to class.
PLEASE NOTE: You will not need to submit a rough
draft for this assignment.
* Information adapted from Reading Literature and Writing Argument (5th ed.) by Missy James and Alan P. Merickel.
Communicating professionally and ethically is one of the
essential skills we can teach you at Strayer. The following
guidelines will ensure you:
· write professionally;
· avoid plagiarizing others, which is essential to writing ethically; and
· give credit to others in your work.
Visit Strayer’s Academic Integrity Center for more information.
Strayer University Writing Standards
Fall 2018
1Strayer University Writing Standards
https://pslogin.strayer.edu/?dest=academic-support/academic-integrity-center
Strayer University Writing Standards 2
General Standards 3
Use Appropriate Formatting 3
Title Your Work 3
Write Clearly 3
Cite Credible Sources 3
Build a Source List 3
Giving Credit to Authors and Sources 4
Option #1: Paraphra.
8-10 slides + 600-800 words of speaker notesREFERENCES MUST HA.docxevonnehoggarth79783
8-10 slides + 600-800 words of speaker notes
REFERENCES MUST HAVE WEB ADDRESSES ORI CANNOT ACCEPT
You work in the office of a personal financial planner. He has asked you to develop a draft of an initial power point presentation with detailed speaker notes to talk about hedge funds as alternatives available to this company for fund acquisition and the associated risk to the company.
Please submit your assignment.
Appendix H
ENG/102 Version 4
1
Associate Level Material
Appendix H
Appropriate Style Guidelines
A central aspect of the Teaching-Learning Model at University of Phoenix is the degree of emphasis placed on written and verbal communication skills. To succeed in your college courses and in your chosen profession, you must be able to communicate in a clear, concise, and correct manner.
Universities and colleges normally require a standardized format for written communication. By adopting one style for all writing assignments, instructors are able to assess content and apply the same evaluation techniques to all students’ papers in a consistent manner. Following a formal style also adds credibility and validity to your writing: It will be much easier for your readers to follow the flow of your ideas and to locate information in your paper.
Academic Honesty
Additionally, you must apply consistent style guidelines to credit your sources, which helps you to avoid plagiarizing the work of other authors and to maintain academic honesty. Academic honesty is highly valued at the university—so highly valued, in fact, that the following passage explaining the importance of academic honesty is included in the syllabus for every course:
University of Phoenix students utilize university resources with honesty and integrity. These resources include, but are not limited to, the online library, online consultation with faculty, and registration systems. In addition to truthful representation in these areas, students must acknowledge references from original works, avoid plagiarism, and use writing and formatting styles generally accepted as sound academic writing.
Academic dishonesty could involve the following:
· Having a tutor or friend complete a portion of your assignments
· Having a reviewer make extensive revisions to an assignment
· Copying work submitted by another student to a public class meeting
· Using information from online information services without proper citation
APA Guidelines for Form and Appearance
What Is APA?
University of Phoenix requires APA style as the standardized format in all programs. APA style is taken from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Many colleges and universities use APA to format papers in sociology, business, economics, nursing, social work, and criminology courses.
All your academic papers must meet certain criteria for form and appearance, including the following:
· Font
· Margins
· Spacing
· Page numbers
· Title page
· Headings
· Numbers, abbrevia.
The document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) style format, which is commonly used for manuscripts in the social sciences. It discusses the key aspects of APA style including in-text citations, references, general paper formatting, title pages for student and professional papers, types of APA papers such as quantitative, qualitative, and literature reviews, and how to write summaries, paraphrases, and quotations with citations. The document serves as a guide for students on how to properly format and cite sources in APA style.
The document provides guidance on writing a research paper in 3 steps: planning, writing, and revising. It discusses choosing a topic, researching the topic, developing a thesis statement and outline, writing a draft, and editing the paper. Key aspects include narrowing the topic, obtaining sources, taking notes, organizing ideas, citing sources to avoid plagiarism, and proofreading for errors and flow. The overall process helps students structure their research and writing.
APA Citation Style Guide To Bibliographic CitationScott Faria
This document provides guidelines for citing sources in APA style, including both in-text citations and references. It begins with an overview of when and what to cite to avoid plagiarism. It then discusses the basic formats for in-text citations, listing authors and years, and for reference list citations, with examples of citing books, articles, and other common sources. The document aims to help students properly cite sources used in research papers and other academic work.
I also have another version of APA citation guide here: http://www.slideshare.net/littlenotestoshare/apa-style-citation-guide-samples go take a look and see which one suits you the most :)
The document provides guidelines for writing research papers using APA format, including sections on the title page, abstract, introduction, method, and references. It describes the key components of each section. For the title page, it indicates to include a running head and page number on every page, and to center the title, author name, and affiliation. For the abstract, it should be a 150-250 word summary of the paper. The method section should use subheadings and provide enough detail for another researcher to replicate the study. References should be alphabetized at the end of the paper.
This document provides an example of an APA-style paper template for formatting papers. It includes placeholders for typical APA sections like the title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, citations, references, footnotes, tables, and figures. Brief instructions and examples are provided for each section to demonstrate proper APA formatting. The document notes that the latest APA manual should be consulted for any questions about formatting rules.
This document provides guidelines for freelance writers to maintain high quality writing and formatting standards for orders. It outlines checklists writers should follow before, during, and after completing an order to ensure accuracy and meet deadlines. Standard formatting styles like MLA, APA, Chicago, and Vancouver are described, including general guidelines and citation examples for each. The document emphasizes avoiding plagiarism and stresses that orders must be custom written and not previously uploaded work.
This document provides an overview of APA style, which is the documentation style adopted by Hodges University. It describes APA style basics such as maintaining coherence, avoiding plagiarism through proper citation, and using reliable and valid sources. The document also reviews APA formatting guidelines, in-text citations, and constructing a references page according to APA style. Students are directed to resources like the APA manual, library guides, and tutoring for additional assistance with APA documentation.
This document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style guide. It discusses intellectual honesty and plagiarism, in-text citations, reference lists, and how to reference different sources like books, journal articles, websites and more. Examples are given for how to reference sources with 1-6 authors in both in-text citations and reference lists. The guide emphasizes providing authors, years of publication and page or paragraph numbers for in-text citations, and listing full references alphabetically at the end.
Running head TITLE OF ESSAY1TITLE OF ESSAY 2Title .docxtoddr4
Running head: TITLE OF ESSAY
1
TITLE OF ESSAY
2
Title of Essay
Author’s Name
University of the Cumberlands
Abstract
Abstracts are research tools that can help you readers determine if the scope of your article/essay will help them in their own research. In APA, abstracts are typically 150-250 words in length and provide an evaluative summary of the essay to follow. The personal opinion of the author is strictly prohibited in abstracts. Unlike a body paragraph, the first line of an abstract is not tabbed-in. For many student essays, especially in lower-numbers courses, an abstract will not be required; still, it is good to practice this skill.
Title of Essay
In APA style, the introduction of the essay should begin here, followed by the body paragraphs. APA is typically a more formal style than most students are accustomed to using in a writing course. For the purposes of this course, the level of formality should be based on the assignment. For example: APA asks that students always write in third person (avoiding words such as I, me, we, our(s), you, your(s), etc). Certain rhetorical modes, however, don’t cater well to third person (narrative and reflection writing are two such examples). In these situations, first person (I, me, we, our(s)) may be, and should be employed; second person (you, your(s)) should be avoided in all academic writing unless an essay is specifically designed to relay instructions (there are few assignments that will employ second person).
Like any essay, students should make sure their essays are formatted with one inch margins, with their text exclusively in Times New Roman 12-point font, and students should double space their lines. This document can be downloaded and used as a template wherein students may simply replace names, titles, dates, and so on with their own information.
The final page of this document will demonstrate a References page. If a student uses information from any source, that source must be identified within the text and listed on a References page. These citations should be listed in alphabetical order and, opposite to the way a normal paragraph works, the first line should be flush left and each following line should be tabbed in. Though there is really no substitute for a good APA Style Manual, students can refer to a citation generator such as www.citationmachine.net to ensure proper formatting. Any further questions should be directed to the instructor of the course.
References
Badley, G. (2009). A place from where to speak: The university and academic freedom. British
Journal of Educational Studies, 57(2), 146-163. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
8527.2009.00429.x
Baumanns, M., Biedenkopf, K., Cole, J. R., Kerrey, B., & Lee, B. (2009). The future of
universities and the fate of free inquiry and academic freedom: Question and answer
session. Social Research, 76(3), 867-886. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Berthoff, A. E. (2009). Learning the uses of chaos. In S. M.
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https://apastyle.apa.org/
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
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When I watched the video of myself, I felt that my black straight skirt, closed toed shoes and white collared shirt gave a professional appearance and more credibility with the audience. My hair was a little too casual. I wished I had that one strand tacked back so it would have stayed out of my eyes. This made it hard for the audience to see my face and was distracting when I had to keep tucking it back. My earrings were small so the audience would watch me and not my jewelry. I wasn’t standing up straight and it made me look less confident. I need to remember to have better posture when speaking.Organizational Pattern
My introduction was slow and clear and the story was suspenseful enough to grab their attention. It was a little confusing at the beginning because I didn’t preview the main points but because I transitioned well between the steps by saying, “Now that you have completed step 1, selecting the pattern, you are ready to move to step two, preparing the wood” the audience was able to follow. I remembered to state my research source for two of the steps but forgot the third. It made the third step seem shallower and I think I lost credibility. My word choice was good. I made sure to use a variety of descriptive words for the types of wood, explained new vocabulary and repeated phrases to help the audience remember the steps. For some reason the ending was weak. I didn’t tie it to the introduction or have a good ending sentence. It would have been a good idea to remind them of the beginning story and how woodworking affects their everyday life.Vocal Qualities
During my speech I had such a dry mouth that I messed up on the pronunciation of some of the words like saying “exspecially” instead of “especially.” This sounded less professional to the audience. I had good projection so that even the back row could hear without straining. My pitch variation is getting better but I still keep using the same rhythm with my pauses. This make me sound more monotone, like I’m reading the speech rather than just having a conversation. I’ll need to practice changing my rate and pauses. I also noticed many of my sentences end in an up-pitch, like I’m asking a question. If I bring some of those down it will make me appear more confident rather than questioning. It is hard to get rid of those filler words. “Like” and “so” are two of my favorites but it does make me sound like a teenager. I had no idea I said them so much.Delivery
There weren’t many gestures, which made me look stiff and nervous. I just held my note cards and stood in one spot the whole time. I need to do more with my hands and maybe move a little more in the space. I really admire the people in class who have such a good flow with their delivery from gestures to using the space around them purposefully. I felt I held my note cards too close to my face and had my head down most of the time. While watching the video, I noticed I looked at my cards and the poster a l.
apa format1-2 paragraphsreferencesFor this week’s .docxamrit47
apa format
1-2 paragraphs
references
For this week’s discussion, choose a current social movement from anywhere in the world. Then, using the required readings, videos, and your own research, discuss the “role these leaders” play in your chosen social movement. In addition, describe any group or collective processes that you discovered. Use specific examples to make major points.
Support your writing with at least two scholarly sources that are
in addition
to required reading.
.
APA Format, with 2 references for each question and an assignment..docxamrit47
APA Format, with 2 references for each question and an assignment.
1. Some say that analytics in general dehumanize managerial
activities, and others say they do not. Discuss arguments
for both points of view.
3. What are some of the major privacy concerns in employing
intelligent systems on mobile data?
4. Identify some cases of violations of user privacy from
current literature and their impact on data science as a
profession.
Ex.2. Search the Internet to find examples of how intelligent
systems can facilitate activities such as empowerment,
mass customization, and teamwork.
Reflective Assignment:
What has been significant about this course that will help you perform data science tasks in the future.
.
APA-formatted 8-10 page research paper which examines the potential .docxamrit47
APA-formatted 8-10 page research paper which examines the potential psychological impact of long-term exposure to mass media messages on the major issues surrounding political advertising and political campaigns in the United States and why it is currently relevant and impacts society.
12 Point Times New Roman Font
Double Spaced
Please include research that supports ideas and topics related to political advertising and political campaigns in the United States.
.
APA STYLE 1.Define the terms multiple disabilities and .docxamrit47
APA STYLE
1.Define the terms
multiple disabilities
and
deaf-blindness
as described in the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
2.Identify three types of educational assessments for students with severe and multiple disabilities.
3.Identify the features of effective services and supports for children with severe and multiple disabilities during a) early childhood years and b) elementary school years.
4. Distinguish between the term
deaf
and
hard of hearing
5.
Identify 4 approaches to teaching communication skills to people with a hearing loss.
6.
What are the distinctive features of refractive eye problems, muscle disorders of the eye and receptive eye problems?
7.Describe two content areas that should be included in educational programs for students with vision loss.
8. Identify several disabilities that may accompany cerebral palsy.
9.What is spina bifida myelomeningocele?
10.Describe the physical limitations associated with muscular distrophy
11.Describe the AIDS disease stages through which individuals with the syndrome move
12.Identify present and future interventions for the treatment of children and youth with cystic fibrosis.
.
APA STYLE follow this textbook answer should be summarize for t.docxamrit47
APA STYLE
follow this textbook answer should be summarize for this below text
Study all types of Distributive Justice (6 or 7 total)
Summarize each in
one sentence
. Produce examples for each.
Don't use
any other text or article except this one.
There are different theories of how to make the basic distribution. Among them are:
1. Scope and Role of Distributive Principles
2. Strict Egalitarianism
3. The Difference Principle
4. Equality of Opportunity and Luck Egalitarianism
5. Welfare-Based Principles
6. Desert-Based Principles
7. Libertarian Principles
8. Feminist Principles
There are different theories of how to make the basic distribution. Among them are:
Strict Egalitarianism
One of the simplest principles of distributive justice is that of strict, or radical, equality. The principle says that every person should have the same level of material goods and services. The principle is most commonly justified on the grounds that people are morally equal and that equality in material goods and services is the best way to give effect to this moral ideal.
The Difference Principle
The most widely discussed theory of distributive justice in the past four decades has been that proposed by John Rawls in
A Theory of Justice
, (Rawls 1971), and
Political Liberalism
, (Rawls 1993). Rawls proposes the following two principles of justice:
· 1. Each person has an equal claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic rights and liberties, which scheme is compatible with the same scheme for all; and in this scheme the equal political liberties, and only those liberties, are to be guaranteed their fair value.
· 2. Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: (a) They are to be attached to positions and offices open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; and (b), they are to be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society. (Rawls 1993, pp. 5–6. The principles are numbered as they were in Rawls' original
A Theory of Justice
.)
Equality of Opportunity and Luck Egalitarianism
Dworkin proposed that people begin with equal resources but be allowed to end up with unequal economic benefits as a result of their own choices. What constitutes a just material distribution is to be determined by the result of a thought experiment designed to model fair distribution. Suppose that everyone is given the same purchasing power and each uses that purchasing power to bid, in a fair auction, for resources best suited to their life plans. They are then permitted to use those resources as they see fit. Although people may end up with different economic benefits, none of them is given less consideration than another in the sense that if they wanted somebody else's resource bundle they could have bid for it instead.
In Dworkin's proposal we see his attitudes to ‘ambitions’ and ‘endowments’ which have become a central feature of luck egalitarianism (though under a wide variety of al.
APA7Page length 3-4, including Title Page and Reference Pag.docxamrit47
APA7
Page length: 3-4, including Title Page and Reference Page.
Discuss and explore the synergy that RFID technology & Time Based Competition has had on the grocery retail industry. Are the two concepts compatible? And then explain. Provide real-world scenarios, which reflect Time Base Competition.
video on
RFID in Logistics
.
APA format, 2 pagesThree general sections 1. an article s.docxamrit47
This document outlines the three main sections required for an APA format summary of a research article that is 2 pages in length: 1) A summary of the article, 2) An explanation of how the article relates to psychology and human behavior, specifically discussing the meaning and implications of the results, 3) A reaction to the article providing thoughts on whether the results were interesting, surprising, or common sense.
APA Style with minimum of 450 words, with annotations, quotation.docxamrit47
APA Style with minimum of 450 words, with annotations, quotations and 3 references.
. Mass vaccination after a disaster:
There was a natural disaster that occurred and has led to an infectious disease outbreak (your choice of one that is vaccine-preventable). Those affected by the disaster are settled in temporary locations with high population densities, inadequate food and shelter, unsafe water, poor sanitation and infrastructure that has been compromised or destroyed. There is a vaccine available for the infectious disease but there are not enough doses to give to all who are at-risk due to the natural disaster.
You are the public health official in charge of infectious disease prevention. Devise a plan to administer the vaccine to the population. Will you use a lottery system or target specific sub-populations? How will you track and monitor those who are vaccinated? Use the attributes of the infectious disease to provide reasoning behind your plan. What other prevention techniques that can be used to supplement the vaccination plan?
.
APA FORMAT1. What are the three most important takeawayslesson.docxamrit47
APA FORMAT
1. What are the three most important takeaways/lessons from the material provided in this online course (the entire quarter) and why? (150 words or more)
2. How did the material provided in this course assist your growth as a student and as an individual, in general? (150 words or more).
.
APA, 4 page paper on whether victims have enough influence in the cr.docxamrit47
APA, 4 page paper on whether victims have enough influence in the criminal justice process, in your view? Why or why not?
4 sources peer viewed with 2 of them being assigned readings already given SEE ATTACHED
paper should address at least three of the following, more specific issues with respect to the role victims in criminal cases.
- Plea bargaining decisions- Sentencing decisions- Right to restitution- Parole board decisions- Bail decisions- Right to privacy- Interaction with prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, and juries, more generally- Differences along lines of race, class, and/or gender with regard to any of the above
It provide sufficient evidence (statistics, case examples, etc.) to support each point you make. You also want to engage with opposing points of view and defend the validity of your arguments. Explain why your argument is overall more compelling than others’ on this question.
Format and References
The paper should be
at least four
pages
(not including title or reference pages), double-spaced, with 12 font and 1” margins. But feel free to write more!
The paper should
include in-text citations
and a
reference page APA format
.
You should cite
at least four sources total
in the paper. These sources
must be peer-review/academic
(i.e., journals articles or books), and
at least two of four must be required
readings
assigned
in the syllabus SEE ATTATCHED for two dources already provided!!
.
Principles of Roods Approach!!!!!!!.pptxibtesaam huma
Principles of Rood’s Approach
Treatment technique used in physiotherapy for neurological patients which aids them to recover and improve quality of life
Facilitatory techniques
Inhibitory techniques
The membership Module in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Some business organizations give membership to their customers to ensure the long term relationship with those customers. If the customer is a member of the business then they get special offers and other benefits. The membership module in odoo 17 is helpful to manage everything related to the membership of multiple customers.
No, it's not a robot: prompt writing for investigative journalismPaul Bradshaw
How to use generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Gemini to generate story ideas for investigations, identify potential sources, and help with coding and writing.
A talk from the Centre for Investigative Journalism Summer School, July 2024
Still I Rise by Maya Angelou
-Table of Contents
● Questions to be Addressed
● Introduction
● About the Author
● Analysis
● Key Literary Devices Used in the Poem
1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Repetition
4. Rhetorical Question
5. Structure and Form
6. Imagery
7. Symbolism
● Conclusion
● References
-Questions to be Addressed
1. How does the meaning of the poem evolve as we progress through each stanza?
2. How do similes and metaphors enhance the imagery in "Still I Rise"?
3. What effect does the repetition of certain phrases have on the overall tone of the poem?
4. How does Maya Angelou use symbolism to convey her message of resilience and empowerment?
How to Show Sample Data in Tree and Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, sample data serves as a valuable resource for users seeking to familiarize themselves with the functionalities and capabilities of the software prior to integrating their own information. In this slide we are going to discuss about how to show sample data to a tree view and a kanban view.
Split Shifts From Gantt View in the Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo allows users to split long shifts into multiple segments directly from the Gantt view.Each segment retains details of the original shift, such as employee assignment, start time, end time, and specific tasks or descriptions.
The Value of Time ~ A Story to Ponder On (Eng. & Chi.).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint presentation on the importance of time management based on a meaningful story to ponder on. The texts are in English and Chinese.
For the Video (texts in English and Chinese) with audio narration and explanation in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUtjLnxEBKo
How to Add Colour Kanban Records in Odoo 17 NotebookCeline George
In Odoo 17, you can enhance the visual appearance of your Kanban view by adding color-coded records using the Notebook feature. This allows you to categorize and distinguish between different types of records based on specific criteria. By adding colors, you can quickly identify and prioritize tasks or items, improving organization and efficiency within your workflow.
How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
APA General Format Summary APA (American Psychological.docx
1. APA General Format
Summary
APA (American Psychological Association) style is most
commonly used to cite sources within
the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6th
edition, second printing of the
APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA
research papers, in-text citations,
endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more
information, please consult the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association, (6th ed.,
2nd printing).
Contributors: Joshua M. Paiz, Elizabeth Angeli, Jodi Wagner,
Elena Lawrick, Kristen Moore,
Michael Anderson, Lars Soderlund, Allen Brizee, Russell Keck
Last Edited: 2016-05-13 12:06:24
Please use the example at the bottom of this page to cite the
Purdue OWL in APA.
To see a side-by-side comparison of the three most widely used
citation styles, including a chart
2. of all APA citation guidelines, see the Citation Style Chart.
You can also watch our APA vidcast series on the Purdue OWL
YouTube Channel.
General APA Guidelines
Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized
paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins
on all sides. You should use a clear font that is highly readable.
APA recommends using 12 pt.
Times New Roman font.
Include a page header (also known as the "running head") at the
top of every page. To create
a page header/running head, insert page numbers flush right.
Then type "TITLE OF YOUR
PAPER" in the header flush left using all capital letters. The
running head is a shortened
version of your paper's title and cannot exceed 50 characters
including spacing and punctuation.
Major Paper Sections
Your essay should include four major sections: The Title Page,
Abstract, Main Body,
and References.
Title Page
3. The title page should contain the title of the paper, the author's
name, and the institutional
affiliation. Include the page header (described above) flush left
with the page number flush right
at the top of the page. Please note that on the title page, your
page header/running head should
look like this:
Running head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER
Pages after the title page should have a running head that looks
like this:
TITLE OF YOUR PAPER
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/949/01/
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8F43A67F38DE3D5D
&feature=edit_ok
http://www.youtube.com/user/OWLPurdue
After consulting with publication specialists at the APA, OWL
staff learned that the APA 6th
edition, first printing sample papers have incorrect examples of
Running heads on pages after
the title page. This link will take you to the APA site where you
can find a complete list of all the
errors in the APA's 6th edition style guide.
Type your title in upper and lowercase letters centered in the
4. upper half of the page. APA
recommends that your title be no more than 12 words in length
and that it should not contain
abbreviations or words that serve no purpose. Your title may
take up one or two lines. All text on
the title page, and throughout your paper, should be double-
spaced.
Beneath the title, type the author's name: first name, middle
initial(s), and last name. Do not use
titles (Dr.) or degrees (PhD).
Beneath the author's name, type the institutional affiliation,
which should indicate the location
where the author(s) conducted the research.
http://supp.apa.org/style/pubman-reprint-corrections-for-2e.pdf
SAMPLE ABSTRACT FORMATTING
5. Begin a new page. The abstract page should already include the
page header. On the first line of
the abstract page, center the word “Abstract” (no bold,
formatting, italics, underlining, or
quotation marks). Beginning with the next line, write a concise
summary of the key points of
your research. (Do not indent.) An abstract should contain at
least your research topic, research
questions, participants, methods, results, data analysis, and
conclusions. The abstract should also
include the possible implications of the research and future
work that may be connected with the
research findings. An abstract should include single paragraphs
and should be double-spaced.
The abstract should be between 150 and 250 words. A list of
keywords may also be included
from the paper into the abstract. To do this, indent the paper by
starting a new paragraph,
type Keywords: (italicized), and then list keywords. Listing
keywords will help researchers find
your work in databases.
6. Reference
Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M.,
Soderlund, L., & Brizee, A.
(2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
Sample Quantitative Research Question
Scenario: What is the likelihood that consumers are willing to
pay higher prices for goods and
services based on product availability, product quality, or the
level of expertise of the sales
associated, if it means that the price paid is higher than what is
offered by the competition.
Question: Will a consumer pay a higher price for a good or
service based on product
availability, product quality, or the level of expertise of the
sales associated, compared to a
competitor price?
Sample Hypotheses
The hypotheses for the research question are:
7. H1. There is a negative relationship between price and the
likelihood of winning a bid
for industrial goods.
H2. There is a positive relationship between the importance of
lead time and the
likelihood of winning a bid for industrial goods.
H3. There is a positive relationship between quality /
specifications and the likelihood of
winning a bid for industrial goods.
H4. There is a positive relationship between the level of
knowledge and helpfulness of
the sales people and the likelihood of winning a bid for
industrial goods.
APPENDIX OF RESOURCES AND LINKS
• Sample Abstract
• APA Template (online)
8. • Academic Journals (Links)
• Sample Annotated Bibliographies:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/614/
https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa/annot_bib
http://library.southcollegetn.edu/course/view.php?id=27
• Sample Research Plan Paper (3rd week of class)
• South College Library Links
• Research—How to Find a Journal
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
How to Avoid Plagiarism in Writing
Plagiarism is using other people’s words or ideas and not giving
them credit. Always give credit
for work that is not your own, and accurately cite your sources.
If you have any questions, please
see the Library staff, or visit the Writing Lab.
What is plagiarism?
What is plagiarism?
UCLA library with straight-forward explanations of what
constitutes plagiarism.
9. Paul Robeson Library's YouTube Channel
Rutgers University Library cartoons that cover plagiarism,
scholarly sources, Wikipedia, etc.
Plagiarism What It Is and How to Avoid It
Indiana University website gives tools for steering clear of
plagiarism.
Plagiarism / Copyright / Paraphrasing
Checklist for Fair Use
Read Write Think tool for evaluating fair use
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/614/
https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa/annot_bib
http://library.southcollegetn.edu/course/view.php?id=27
http://guides.library.ucla.edu/citing/plagiarism
https://www.youtube.com/user/paulrobesonlibrary
http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml
http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/les
son1062/checklist.pdf
Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing
Learn the differences between these three concepts, how to use
them, and how they benefit your
work.
Consequences of Plagiarism
10. Ethically Challenged
American Journalism Review article on the rash of journalists
being fired for fabricating facts
and/or plagiarism.
New Republic Fires Writer Over `Hoax'
Washington Post article on journalist Steven Glass' firing from
New Republic.
Plagiarism in Colleges in the USA
Ronald B. Standler’s essay covers the laws related to
plagiarism, cases and litigation concerning
plagiarism policies at colleges.
Technology Yields Plagiarism Bust
CBS News story on 122 University of Virginia students accused
of plagiarism.
CITE A SOURCE
APA Citation Resources
Please refer to APA styles Guides below:
EndNote
Register for a personal account in Web of Science for access to
EndNote. A personal EndNote
account allows the user to collect and organize references as
11. well as create reference lists and
bibliographies.
APA Style Guides
APA Style.org
A free tutorial on the basics of APA style.
APA Style.org
Frequently Asked Questions: Answers questions about APA
style.
APA from OWL at Purdue University
Using American Psychological Association (APA) Format:
Covers basic paper format and
provides citation examples for a variety of sources.
How to Cite Social Media
APA Style for citing social media post
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/1/
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/1/
http://www.unc.edu/~haman/sglass.htm
http://www.rbs2.com/plag.pdf
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/technology-yields-plagiarism-
bust/
http://flash1r.apa.org/apastyle/basics/index.htm
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/index.aspx?apaSessionKey=
1XV2IIEkxBUu4j0pJtC6RvJu
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
12. http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2013/10/how-to-cite-social-
media-in-apa-style.html
Evaluate a Website
Evaluating Websites – Cornell University Library
It can often be difficult to determine the quality of the
information found on websites. Cornell
University Library has compiled some of the best guides
available to help you determine what
kind of information a website contains.
Evaluating Websites – Lesley University Library
The Lesley University Library explains the criteria to use when
evaluating websites.
Website Credibility
Examples of credible, maybe credible, and not credible websites
from EasyBib.
FIND A JOURNAL ARTICLE:
How to Find Scholarly Journal Articles
Places to look:
Search the Periodicals
All library print journal titles and their holdings are searchable
in the Library Catalog. You may
13. search for journals by title or subject.
Print Indexes
Most periodicals provide an annual index in the last issue of
each volume, usually the December
issue. Each journal differs in the subject terms it uses so if you
cannot find the topic you are
looking for, try other similar terms.
Indexes/Databases
These sources allow you to search for citations and sometimes
full-text articles as well by topic.
Often the index or database is devoted to a specific subject area.
See the list of indexes and
databases here. If you need help in using these sources, please
see a librarian or use the source’s
built-in help features.
How can I tell if an article is a research article?
Many assignments require you to use research articles. Research
articles are peer-reviewed and
often contain bibliographies and information about the author’s
professions. Research articles are
often broken down into sections such as the abstract, methods,
and conclusion. Research articles
14. report on the results of an experiment of some sort. If you need
further assistance to determine if
an article is appropriate for a certain assignment, please see
your instructor or a librarian for help.
How to recognize peer-reviewed journals
A helpful resource from Angelo State University on identifying
peer-reviewed journals.
https://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/webeval.html
http://www.lib.umd.edu/tl/guides/evaluating-web
http://content.easybib.com/students/research-guide/website-
credibility-evaluation/#.UyduAfldXfI
http://www.angelo.edu/services/library/handouts/peerrev.php
HighWire
List of journals through HighWire from Stanford University
with full text access. Access varies
by title.
If you need help in using these sources, please see a librarian or
use the source’s built-in help
features.
TABLES AND FIGURES
Tables and Figures
15. Students are responsible for properly formatting Tables and
Figures in APA style tables and
figures. Examples are show below.
Sample Tables 1 and 2 illustrate correctly formatted tables. The
Insert Table feature in Word is
very helpful in constructing tables.
Sample Tables
To create Tables in APA style, include three horizontal lines:
one above the heading, one below
the heading, and one at the bottom of the table.
Table 1
Table 1 lists the average score assigned to each survey question
where all respondents
noted that a contract had been awarded to TEK and where all
respondents noted that a contract
had not been awarded to TEK.
Table 1
Average score for survey questions
Question Awarded a bid Not awarded a bid
16. 1 3.92 4.00
2 3.92 3.40
3 4.15 3.65
4 3.38 3.25
5 1.46 1.95
6 4.46 4.15
7 4.38 4.10
8 4.15 3.60
9 3.92 3.45
10 3.85 3.80
http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/freeart.dtl
Table 2 lists the correlational analysis for the survey questions
asked. Questions 2, 3, and
4 were taken together; questions 6 and 7 were taken together;
and questions 8, 9, and 10 were
taken together. The statistical correlation is listed for each
question; as well as statistical
significance of each correlation and the probability of statistical
significance.
17. Table 2
Correlational Analysis for Survey Questions
1 2-4 3 4 5 6-7 8-10
Correlation -0.06 0.28 0.31 0.07 -0.29 0.18 0.26
t = -0.33 1.62 1.84 0.41 -1.70 1.05 1.51
p = 0.63 0.06 0.04 0.34 0.95 0.15 0.07
Exceptions to this include a table that exceeds one full page. In
that case, see refer to examples
pages. This table illustrates the beginning of a table that
extends over more than one page. At the
bottom of the page, place a right justified (continued) note. At
the top of the following page,
repeat the table title followed by (continued). Table titles go
above the table (see, for
example, Tables 2 and 3).
Figures
Figures should be included to enhance the text, and they should
concentrate information.
The APA Manual defines types of figures and has examples
illustrating correct APA
18. format for differing figure types. The most critical information
covered in this section is the
direction to place your figure in the text, not at the end of the
document. The figure can appear
on the page where it is first mentioned or on the next page.
Figures are numbered consecutively
throughout your document. Figure captions are placed below the
figure. When looking at the
examples listed in the APA Manual, note that many of the
figures have footnotes listing the
reference for the source of the figure. Many of the examples are
figures that were used in
published material and are good examples of proper copyright
permission footnotes.resea
INDEX OF AVAILABLE LINKS & RESOURCES FOR
RESEARCH
APA Resources
APA 6th Edition Guide Online:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
Owl of Purdue Online Writing Lab:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/
Online Scholarly Journals
19. Journal of Business Research:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-business-
research
Journal of Marketing Management:
https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjmm20
International Journal of Business Analytics (IJBAN):
https://www.igi-
global.com/gateway/journal/67141
International Journal of Information Technology:
https://link.springer.com/journal/41870
South College Online Library: http://library.southcollegetn.edu/
http://library.southcollegetn.edu/course/view.php?id=15
Tennessee Electronic Library: http://tntel.tnsos.org/
General Databases (South College)
EBSCO/host:
http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/search/basic?vid=0&sid=ce71
750b-03d3-40ff-
8981-d754d52f32e3%40sessionmgr102
ProQuest: https://search.proquest.com/index?accountid=30659
Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/
Sample Management and Leadership Topics for Research:
20. Management and Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace
Leadership and Employee Perception
Ethical Leadership
Organizational Performance and Productivity
Customer Relationship Management
Customer Satisfaction
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-business-
research
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-business-
research
https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjmm20
https://www.igi-global.com/gateway/journal/67141
https://www.igi-global.com/gateway/journal/67141
https://link.springer.com/journal/41870
http://library.southcollegetn.edu/
http://library.southcollegetn.edu/course/view.php?id=15
http://tntel.tnsos.org/
http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/search/basic?vid=0&sid=ce71
750b-03d3-40ff-8981-d754d52f32e3%40sessionmgr102
http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/search/basic?vid=0&sid=ce71
750b-03d3-40ff-8981-d754d52f32e3%40sessionmgr102
https://search.proquest.com/index?accountid=30659
https://hbr.org/
CHAPTER 3
21. BIBLE INTAKE (PART 2) . . . FOR THE PURPOSE OF
GODLINESS
There is discipline involved in Christian growth. The rapidity
with which a man grows spiritually and the extent to which he
grows, depends upon this discipline. It is the discipline of the
means.
RICHARD HALVERSON
Because you are reading this book, it’s likely that you are a
person who, at least to some degree, already engages in hearing,
reading, and studying the Word of God as advocated in the
previous chapter. Despite this, there is also a strong possibility
that you do not perceive a great deal of fruit being produced in
your life from these Disciplines. Your experience does not
measure up to your expectation, so perhaps you conclude that
you are the problem, that maybe you are a second-rate
Christian.
The reality is that you may not be the problem at all. The
problem may simply be your method. I know, for example,
many people who read the Bible every day. They may even read
multiple chapters of God’s Word each morning. But as soon as
they close the Bible, on most days they would have to admit
that they can’t remember a thing they’ve read.
“I just don’t have a good memory,” they conclude with a sigh.
Or they may believe that they can’t remember what they’ve read
because they don’t have a high IQ, or didn’t have a good
education, or they are just too old. Well, I’ve had some twenty-
two-year-old geniuses in my seminary classes who have the
same problem. So I would contend that in most cases the reason
people can’t remember what they read in the Bible is not their
age, mental ability, or training, but their method.
Moreover, does anyone want to argue that ordinary people—
22. people with no more than an average intellect or education—are
unable to profit satisfyingly from the Bible on a regular basis?
Surely not, especially since observation confirms that what the
apostle Paul said of the Christians in Corinth is true of
Christians everywhere: “For consider your calling, brothers: not
many of you were wise according to worldly standards, not
many were powerful, not many were of noble birth”
(1 Corinthians 1:26). In other words, since the majority of those
God calls are not “wise according to worldly standards,” does
that mean most Christians can’t benefit much from Scripture on
an individual basis? No, for doubtless God wants all His
children to grow in grace and in their knowledge of Him
through His Word.
So what’s the problem? Why is it that the words of Scripture
can go through our ears or eyes and then out of our minds so
quickly and commonly, despite the depth of our devotion to the
Bible? The problem is that hearing and reading the Bible, by
themselves, usually aren’t sufficient for remembering what
we’ve received. They are invaluable and irreplaceable
Disciplines, but they are incomplete without other Disciplines
of the Word. While hearing and reading plant the seed of
Scripture into the soil of our souls, other Disciplines are the
water and sun God uses to bring the growth and fruit of
Christlikeness in our lives. As the previous pages have
indicated, studying the Bible is one way to water and warm the
seed planted by hearing or reading. In this chapter are three
more important Disciplines for the intake of God’s Word that,
when rightly practiced, promote the increased knowledge of
God and closer conformity to Christ.
MEMORIZING GOD’S WORD—BENEFITS AND METHODS
Many Christians consider the Spiritual Discipline of
memorizing God’s Word as something tantamount to modern-
day martyrdom. Ask them to memorize Bible verses and they
react with about as much eagerness as a request for volunteers
23. to face Nero’s lions. How come? Perhaps because many
associate all memorization with the memory efforts required of
them in school. It was work, and most of it was uninteresting
and of limited value. Frequently heard, also, is the excuse of
having a bad memory. But what if I offered you one thousand
dollars for every verse you could memorize in the next seven
days? Do you think your attitude toward Scripture memory and
your ability to memorize would improve? Any financial reward
would be minimal when compared to the accumulating value of
the treasure of God’s Word deposited within your mind.
Memorization Supplies Spiritual Power
When Scripture is stored in your mind, it is available for the
Holy Spirit to bring to your attention when you need it most.
That’s why the author of Psalm 119 wrote, “I have stored up
your word in my heart, that I might not sin against you” (verse
11). It’s one thing, for instance, to be watching or thinking
about something when you know you shouldn’t, but there’s
added power against the temptation when a specific verse can be
brought to your mind, like Colossians 3:2: “Set your minds on
things that are above, not on things that are on earth.”
When the Holy Spirit brings a definite verse to mind like that,
it’s an illustration of what Ephesians 6:17 can mean when it
refers to “the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.” A
pertinent scriptural truth, brought to your awareness by the
Holy Spirit at just the right moment, can be the weapon that
makes the difference in a spiritual battle.
There is no better illustration of this than Jesus’ confrontation
with Satan in the lonely Judean wilderness (see Matthew 4:1-
11). Each time the Enemy thrust a temptation at Jesus, He
parried it with the Sword of the Spirit. It was the Spirit-
prompted recollection of specific texts of Scripture that helped
Jesus experience victory. One of the ways we can experience
more spiritual victories is to do as Jesus did—memorize
24. Scripture so that it’s available within us for the Holy Spirit to
bring to our remembrance when it’s needed.
Memorization Strengthens Your Faith
What Christian doesn’t want his or her faith strengthened? One
thing you can do to strengthen it is to discipline yourself to
memorize Scripture. Let’s walk through Proverbs 22:17-19,
which says, “Incline your ear, and hear the words of the wise,
and apply your heart to my knowledge, for it will be pleasant if
you keep them within you, if all of them are ready on your lips.
That your trust may be in the LORD, I have made them known
to you today, even to you.” To “apply your heart” to the “words
of the wise” spoken of here and to “keep them within you”
certainly pertains to Scripture memory. Notice the reason given
here for keeping the wise words of Scripture within you and
“ready on your lips.” It’s so “that your trust may be in the
LORD.” Memorizing Scripture strengthens your faith because it
repeatedly reinforces the truth, often just when you need to hear
it again.
A church I pastored sought to build a new worship center. We
believed that in our situation we would most honor God if we
built the building without going into debt. There were times
when my faith in the Lord’s provision began to sink. More often
than not, what renewed my faith was the reminder of God’s
promise in 1 Samuel 2:30: “Those who honor me I will honor.”
Scripture memory is like reinforcing steel to a sagging faith.
Memorization Prepares Us for Witnessing and Counseling
On the Day of Pentecost (the Jewish holiday being celebrated
when the Holy Spirit came in great power upon Jesus’
followers), the apostle Peter was suddenly inspired by God to
stand and preach to the crowd about Jesus. Much of what he
said consisted of quotations from the Old Testament (see Acts
2:14-40). Although there’s a qualitative difference between
Peter’s uniquely inspired sermon and our Spirit-led
25. conversations, his experience illustrates how Scripture memory
can prepare us for unexpected witnessing or counseling
opportunities that come our way.
Recently, while I was talking to a man about Jesus, he said
something that brought to mind a verse I had memorized. I
quoted that verse, and it was the turning point in a conversation
that resulted in him professing faith in Christ. I often
experience something similar in counseling conversations. But
until the verses are hidden in the heart, they aren’t available to
use with the mouth.
Memorization Provides a Means of God’s Guidance
The psalmist wrote, “Your testimonies are my delight; they are
my counselors” (Psalm 119:24). Just as the Holy Spirit retrieves
scriptural truth from our memory banks for use in counseling
others, so also will He bring it to our own minds in providing
timely guidance for ourselves.
Many times when I have been trying to decide whether to say
what I think in a given situation, the Lord brings Ephesians 4:29
to my mind: “Let no corrupting talk come out of your mouths,
but only such as is good for building up, as fits the occasion,
that it may give grace to those who hear.” I’m sure that
sometimes I misunderstand the leading of the Holy Spirit, but
His guidance could hardly be more clear than when He brings to
mind a verse like that! When it happens, it’s the fruit of
disciplined Scripture memory.
Memorization Stimulates Meditation
One of the most underrated benefits of memorizing Scripture is
that it provides fuel for meditation. When you have memorized
a verse of Scripture, you can meditate on it anywhere at any
time during the day or night. If you love God’s Word enough to
memorize it, you can become like the writer of Psalm 119:97,
who exclaimed, “Oh how I love your law! It is my meditation
26. all the day.” Whether you’re standing in line, taking a walk,
driving the car, riding the train, waiting at the airport, cleaning
the house, mowing the yard, rocking a baby, or eating a meal,
you can benefit from the Spiritual Discipline of meditation if
you have made the deposits of memorization.
The Word of God is the “sword of the Spirit,” but if there is no
Bible physically accessible to you, then the weapon of the Word
must be present in the armory of your mind in order for the
Spirit to wield it. Imagine yourself in the midst of a decision
and needing guidance, or struggling with a difficult temptation
and needing victory. The Holy Spirit enters your mental arsenal
and looks around for available weapons, but all He finds is a
John 3:16, a Genesis 1:1, and a Great Commission. Those are
great swords, but they’re not made for every battle. How do we
go about filling our personal spiritual arsenal with a supply of
swords for the Holy Spirit to use?
You Can Memorize Scripture
Most people think they have a bad memory, but it’s not true. As
we’ve already discovered, most of the time memorizing is
mainly a problem of motivation. If you know your birthday,
phone number, and address, and can remember the names of
your friends and family, then you have a functioning memory
and can memorize Scripture. The question becomes whether you
are willing to discipline yourself to do it.
When Dawson Trotman, founder of the Christian organization
called The Navigators, was converted to faith in Christ in 1926,
he began memorizing one Bible verse every day. He was driving
a truck for a lumberyard in Los Angeles at the time. While
driving around town he would work on his verse for that day.
During the first three years of his Christian life he memorized
his first thousand verses. If he could memorize over three
hundred verses a year while driving, surely we can find ways to
memorize a few.
27. Have a Plan
There are many good prepackaged Scripture memory resources
available in print and digital formats. But you might prefer
selecting verses yourself on a particular topic where the Lord is
working in your life right now. If your faith is weak, memorize
verses on faith. If you’re struggling with a habit, find verses
that will help you experience victory over it. One man told
Dawson Trotman that he was afraid that following his example
of Scripture memory would make him prideful. Trotman’s reply:
“Then make your first ten verses on humility!” Another option
is to memorize a section of Scripture, such as a psalm, rather
than isolated verses.
If you are using a digital resource to help you with Scripture
memory, it probably provides you with plenty of guidance on
how to utilize it. But if not, or to supplement your use of that
digital guide, the following tips will be helpful.
Write Out the Verses
Make a list of the verses on-screen or on a sheet of paper,
leaving an inch or so of space between each one, or write each
verse on a separate index card.
Draw Picture Reminders
Nothing elaborate is needed here, just a few lines or stick
figures beside each verse, or some sort of picture or clip art if
done on-screen. This makes the verse “visual” and puts the
picture-is-worth-a-thousand-words principle to work for you.
One simple image can remind you of a couple dozen words.
This is especially true if the drawing illustrates some action
described in the verse. For instance, with Psalm 119:11, you
might make a crude drawing of a heart with a Bible inside to
remind you of treasuring God’s Word in the heart. For
Ephesians 6:17, a sketch of a sword is an obvious reminder.
You’ll find this method particularly helpful when memorizing a
28. section of consecutive verses. I realize that you are probably no
more of an artist than I am, but no one else has to see the
pictures and they can certainly make Scripture memory easier.
Memorize the Verses Word-Perfectly
There’s a great temptation, especially when first learning a
verse, to lower this standard. Don’t settle for just getting close,
or getting the “main idea.” Memorize it word for word. Learn
the reference, too. Without an objective standard of
measurement, the goal is unclear and you may tend to continue
lowering the standard until you quit altogether. Moreover, if
you don’t have the verse memorized exactly, you lose
confidence in using it in conversation and witnessing. So even
though memorizing “every jot and tittle” is harder in the
beginning, it’s easier and more productive in the long run.
Incidentally, verses you know word-perfectly are easier to
review than those you don’t know so accurately.
Find a Method of Accountability
Because of our tendency toward sloth, most of us need more
accountability on Scripture memory than on other Disciplines.
And the busier we are, the more we tend to excuse ourselves
from this commitment. Some, as Dawson Trotman did, develop
personalized means of accountability to this Discipline that
keep them faithful. Most Christians, however, are more
consistent when they meet or talk regularly with someone else—
not always another Christian—with whom they review their
verses.
Review and Meditate Every Day
No principle of Scripture memory is more important than the
principle of review. Without adequate review you will
eventually lose most of what you memorize. But once you really
learn a verse, you can mentally review it in a fraction of the
time it would take to speak it. And when you know a verse this
well, you don’t have to review but once a week, once a month,
29. or even once every six months to keep a sharp edge on it. It’s
not unusual, however, to reach a point where you spend 80
percent of your Scripture memory time in review. Don’t
begrudge devoting so much time to polishing your swords.
Rejoice instead at having so many!
Integrating Scripture memory review into one or more of your
life routines leverages the regularity of your habits to
strengthen your grip on Scripture. Thus you might want to
incorporate a few minutes of review into your daily devotional
time. Or you might find that you can review your verses while
you are brushing your teeth, working out, or making your daily
commute. A great time to review your better-known verses is
while going to sleep. Since you don’t need a written copy of the
verses before you, you can repeat them and meditate on them
while dozing off or even when you have trouble sleeping. And if
you can’t stay awake, that’s okay, since you’re supposed to be
sleeping anyway. If you can’t go to sleep, you’re putting the
most profitable and peaceful information possible into your
mind, as well as making good use of the time.
As we finish this section on the Discipline of Scripture memory,
remember that memorizing verses is not an end in itself. The
goal is not to see how many verses we can memorize; the goal is
godliness. The goal is to memorize the Word of God so that it
can transform our minds and our lives.
Jerry Bridges said in this regard,
I am very much aware that Scripture memorization has largely
fallen by the wayside in our day. . . . But let me say as
graciously but firmly as I can: We cannot effectively pursue
holiness without the Word of God stored up in our minds where
it can be used by the Holy Spirit to transform us. . . . I know it
requires work and is sometimes discouraging when we can’t
recall accurately a verse we have worked hard to memorize. The
30. truth is, however, all forms of discipline require work and are
often discouraging. But the person who perseveres in any
discipline, despite the hard work and discouraging times, reaps
the reward the discipline is intended to produce.[1]
MEDITATING ON GOD’S WORD—BENEFITS AND
METHODS
One sad feature of our contemporary culture is that meditation
has become identified more with non-Christian systems of
thought than with biblical Christianity. Even among believers,
the practice of meditation is often more closely associated with
yoga, transcendental meditation, relaxation therapy, or some
New Age practice than with Christian spirituality. Because
meditation is so prominent in many spiritually counterfeit
groups and movements, some Christians are uncomfortable with
the whole subject and suspicious of those who engage in it. But
we must remember that meditation is both commanded by God
and modeled by the godly in Scripture. Just because a cult
adopts the cross as a symbol doesn’t mean the church should
cease to use it. In the same way, we shouldn’t discard or be
afraid of scriptural meditation simply because the world
engages in something it calls meditation.
The kind of meditation encouraged in the Bible differs from
other kinds of meditation in several ways. While some advocate
a kind of meditation in which you do your best to empty your
mind, Christian meditation involves filling your mind with God
and His truth. For some, meditation is an attempt to achieve
complete mental passivity, but biblical meditation requires
constructive mental activity. Worldly meditation employs
visualization techniques intended to “create your own reality.”
And while Christian history has always had a place for the
sanctified use of our God-given imagination in meditation,
imagination is our servant to help us meditate on things that are
true (see Philippians 4:8). Furthermore, instead of “creating our
own reality” through visualization, we link meditation with
31. prayer to God and responsible, Spirit-filled human action to
effect changes.
In addition to these distinctives, let’s define meditation as deep
thinking on the truths and spiritual realities revealed in
Scripture, or upon life from a scriptural perspective, for the
purposes of understanding, application, and prayer. Meditation
goes beyond hearing, reading, studying, and even memorizing
as a means of taking in God’s Word. A simple analogy would be
a cup of tea. In this analogy your mind is the cup of hot water
and the tea bag represents your intake of Scripture. Hearing
God’s Word is like one dip of the tea bag into the cup. Some of
the tea’s flavor is absorbed by the water, but not as much as
would occur with a more thorough soaking of the bag. Reading,
studying, and memorizing God’s Word are like additional
plunges of the tea bag into the cup. The more frequently the tea
enters the water, the more permeating its effect. Meditation,
however, is like immersing the bag completely and letting it
steep until all the rich tea flavor has been extracted and the hot
water is thoroughly tinctured reddish brown. Meditation on
Scripture is letting the Bible brew in the brain. Thus we might
say that as the tea colors the water, meditation likewise “colors”
our thinking. When we meditate on Scripture it colors our
thinking about God, about God’s ways and His world, and about
ourselves. Similarly, as the tea bag flavors the water, so through
meditation we consistently “taste” or experience the reality
taught in the text. The information on the page becomes
experience in our hearts and minds and lives. Reading the Bible
tells the believer, for example, of God’s love. Meditation is
more likely to convince him or her of it personally and, in
biblically appropriate ways, to cause a person to feel loved by
God.
Joshua 1:8 and the Promise of Success
A specific scriptural connection between success and the
practice of meditation on God’s Word is found in Joshua 1:8. As
32. the Lord was commissioning Joshua to succeed Moses as the
leader of His people, He told him, “This Book of the Law shall
not depart from your mouth, but you shall meditate on it day
and night, so that you may be careful to do according to all that
is written in it. For then you will make your way prosperous,
and then you will have good success.”
We must remember that the prosperity and success the Lord
spoke of here is prosperity and success in His eyes and not
necessarily in the world’s. From a New Testament perspective
we know that the main application of this promise would be
eternal riches and Christ-centered success—the prosperity of the
soul and spiritual success (though some measure of success in
our human endeavors would ordinarily occur as well when we
live according to God’s wisdom). Having made that
qualification, however, let’s not lose sight of the relationship
between meditation on God’s Word and true success.
True success is promised to those who meditate on God’s Word,
who think deeply on Scripture, not just at one time each day,
but at moments throughout the day and night. They meditate so
much that Scripture saturates their conversation. The fruit of
their meditation is action. They do what they find written in
God’s Word, and as a result God prospers their way and grants
success to them. Why? For striving “to do according to all that
is written in” God’s Word is just one of the biblical ways of
describing what the New Testament would characterize as the
pursuit of Christlikeness, and God loves to bless conformity to
His Son. From eternity past, God predestined that all those who
are in Christ will be made like Christ (see Romans 8:29). For all
eternity future, all those in Christ will be glorified (see Romans
8:30), that is, “we shall be like him” (1 John 3:2)—sinless,
perfect people reflecting the glory of God forever. So during
our earthly pilgrimage, the more we obey God’s Word—the
more we become like Jesus—the more we are fulfilling God’s
eternal plan to make us like His Son. That’s why God loves to
33. bless obedience. And so as meditation leads to obedience,
obedience results in God’s blessing. We are not told how much
of that blessing is material or spiritual, or how much of that
blessing is in this world or the next, but we know that God does
bless obedience.
How does the Discipline of meditation change us and place us
in the path of God’s blessing? David said in Psalm 39:3, “As I
mused, the fire burned.” The Hebrew word translated “mused”
here is closely related to the one rendered “meditate” in Joshua
1:8. Analogous to David’s musing that caused the fire of his
anger to burn higher, whenever we hear, read, study, or
memorize the fire of God’s Word (see Jeremiah 23:29), the
addition of meditation becomes like a bellows upon the fire of
what we’ve encountered, causing it to burn more intensely in
our experience at that moment. And just as when a fire blazes
with more intensity it radiates both more light and more heat, so
when we apply the bellows of meditation to the fire of God’s
Word, we see more light (insight and understanding) and feel
more heat (passion for obedient action). And as a result of this
growth in Christlike obedience, “then,” says the Lord, “you will
make your way prosperous, and then you will have good
success.”
Besides a bellows on a fire, meditation can also be compared to
lingering by a fire. Imagine that you’ve been outside on an icy
day and then come inside where there’s a hot, crackling fire in
the fireplace. As you walk toward it, you are very cold. You
stretch out your hands to the fire and rub them together briskly
during the two seconds it takes to walk past the glow and the
warmth. When you reach the other side of the room, you realize,
I’m still cold. Is there something wrong with you? Are you just
a second-class “warmer-upper”? No, the problem isn’t you; it’s
your method. You didn’t stay by the fire. If you want to get
warm, you have to linger by the fire until it warms your skin,
then your muscles, then your bones until you are fully warm.
34. The failure to linger is the reason why many fail to remember or
find their hearts warmed by the fire of God’s Word. It takes
their eyes about two seconds to go past the fire of verse one in
the chapter they are reading for the day. Then it takes their eyes
two seconds or so to read over verse two. And then another two
seconds as their eyes go past verse three, and so on until
they’ve finished reading. It doesn’t matter how many of those
two-second episodes you have; you will rarely remember or be
moved by something you look at for two seconds. Thus the
problem is probably not your memory or the coldness of your
heart, but your method. So why don’t you remember what you
read in the Bible? Could it be that you simply do not let your
mind linger over something you’ve read? And why does the
intake of God’s Word often leave us so cold and seem to
produce so little success in our spiritual lives? Puritan pastor
Thomas Watson has the answer: “The reason we come away so
cold from reading the word is because we do not warm
ourselves at the fire of meditation.”[2]
Psalm 1:1-3—the Promises
God’s promises in Psalm 1:1-3 regarding meditation are every
bit as generous as those in Joshua 1:8:
Blessed is the man
who walks not in the counsel of the wicked,
nor stands in the way of sinners,
nor sits in the seat of scoffers;
but his delight is in the law of the LORD,
and on his law he meditates day and night.
35. He is like a tree
planted by streams of water
that yields its fruit in its season,
and its leaf does not wither.
In all that he does, he prospers.
We think about what we delight in. A man and woman who have
found romantic delight think about each other at all hours.
When we delight in God’s Word (because it is the revelation of
God) we think about it; that is, we meditate on it, at times all
throughout the day and night. According to Psalm 1, the result
of such meditation is stability, fruitfulness, perseverance, and
prosperity. One writer said it crisply: “They usually thrive best
who meditate most.”[3]
The tree of your spiritual life thrives best with meditation
because it helps you absorb the water of God’s Word (see
Ephesians 5:26). Merely hearing or reading the Bible, for
example, can be like a short rainfall on hard ground. Regardless
of the amount or intensity of the rain, most runs off and little
sinks in. Conversely, meditation opens the soil of the soul and
lets the water of God’s Word percolate deeply. The result is an
extraordinary fruitfulness and spiritual prosperity.
Consider that again. Many who read this book are folk who hear
much of the Bible at church and perhaps again in a midweek
Bible study. You may often listen to recorded Bible teaching
and Christian music as well. You may read the Scriptures
almost every day, and possibly other Christian books like this
one. As a result you encounter a torrential amount of God’s
truth (not to mention the river of all the other information that
rushes through your eyes and ears) each week. But without
36. absorbing some of the water of the Word of God you encounter,
you will be little better for the contact. Hearing and reading the
Bible is the exposure to Scripture—that’s needful, but it’s only
the starting place. After the exposure to Scripture we need to
absorb it. Meditation is the absorption of Scripture. And it’s the
absorption of Scripture that leads to the experience with God
and the transformation of life we long for when we come to the
Bible. Yes, we want to hear and read the Bible—often and
much—but without the addition of meditation, warned the great
man of prayer and faith George Müller, “the simple reading of
the Word of God” can become information that “only passes
through our minds, just as water runs through a pipe.”[4]
The …