The document discusses telecommunications networks and applications. It covers topics like major developments in telecommunications technologies, the business value of the internet, intranets and extranets. Components of telecommunications networks are identified as terminals, telecommunications processors, channels and computers. Types of networks explained are WAN, LAN, VPN, client/server, network computing and peer-to-peer. The document also discusses telecommunications media like twisted-pair wire and coaxial cable. Case studies on wireless business applications and using mobile technologies for emergency services are presented.
This document discusses and compares wired and wireless networks. Wired networks transmit data through physical cables connecting devices, while wireless networks transmit data through the air using electromagnetic waves without cables. Examples of wired networks include telephone lines, cable TV, and fiber optic networks, while wireless technologies include radio frequencies, infrared, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite communication.
Wireless broadband provides high-speed Internet access over a wide area using wireless technology. It can offer speeds comparable to wired networks like DSL or cable. Fixed wireless networks use stationary connections that can support higher speeds than mobile networks. Wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) offer broadband wireless access, though maximum speeds are typically under 100 Mbps due to limitations of wireless technologies. Demand for wireless broadband in the US has increased the need for additional radio spectrum to be allocated for these services.
Transmission media are located below the physical layer and are used to transmit signals representing data. There are two main types of transmission media: guided media (wired), which provide a conduit for transmission, and unguided media (wireless), which transmit via electromagnetic waves without a physical pathway. Common guided media include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Unguided media include radio waves, microwaves, and infrared. Each type of transmission media has different characteristics that determine its suitable uses.
The document discusses various types of telecommunication channels and transmission media. It describes simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex channels. It also explains different transmission media including guided media like twisted pair wires, coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables and broadband over power lines. Wireless media such as short range options of NFC, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and infrared as well as medium and wide area options are also outlined. Finally, it briefly discusses telecommunications hardware including modems, multiplexers and switches.
This document provides an overview of broadband access technologies. It defines broadband as having a minimum download speed of 256 kbps. Broadband technologies are divided into wireline technologies like DSL, cable modem, fiber optics and wireless technologies like 3G, Wi-Fi, WiMAX. DSL remains connected at all times without needing to dial up, and provides simultaneous voice and data. DSL variants like ADSL, ADSL2, ADSL2+ are described with their upload/download speeds and ranges. Broadband enables services like high-speed internet access, video streaming, remote access and IPTV. Common broadband errors and their solutions are also listed.
A presentation on wired and wireless technologies, it was little hard for me to find out what was necessary for my from slideshare to get , so i made one my own
Information technology infrastructure includes physical hardware like transmission lines, routers, and software that manages transmission signals between connected computers and users. It is the integrated framework that digital networks operate on and includes components like data centers, computer networks, databases, and regulatory systems. The seven major coordinated components that make up a firm's IT infrastructure are computer hardware, operating systems, enterprise software, data management and storage, networking and telecommunications platforms, internet platforms, and consulting/integration services.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking, including definitions of networking concepts and an overview of network topologies. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources like files, printers, and disk drives. There are different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh, each with their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, ease of installation and reconfiguration, and fault tolerance. The document also discusses network hardware, software, client/server models, and the roles of local, wide, and metropolitan area networks.
This document discusses different types of communication media, including guided and unguided media. Guided media includes physical transmission paths like twisted pair wire cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. Twisted pair cable uses two copper wires twisted together to transmit signals and is inexpensive but has limited bandwidth. Coaxial cable has better data transmission but is more expensive. Fiber optic cable can transmit large amounts of data over long distances but installation is costly. Unguided media transmits signals through radio waves, microwaves, or infrared without a physical path. Radio waves have low frequency while microwaves provide multiple channels but require line of sight. Infrared works well over short distances and is used in devices like TV remotes.
This document discusses the history and principles of communications systems. It covers the stages of communications development from early electrical engineering foundations to modern integrated digital networks. Key topics include automated telephone switching, radio transmission, data transfer rates using parallel and serial communications, Boolean logic operations, bit shifting and masking, and matrix operations for multiple data formats in telecommunications.
This document discusses various networking devices used to connect electronic devices and share resources in a computer network. It describes network interface cards (NICs) that provide the physical interface between a computer and cabling. It also covers repeaters that regenerate signals to extend distances, modems that modulate and demodulate signals for internet connections, hubs and switches that connect multiple devices either by broadcasting or selectively forwarding, bridges that segment networks while filtering traffic, and routers that intelligently connect different network types and choose optimal paths between them. The document provides details on the function and layer (physical, data link, network) of operation for each type of networking device.
Wireless local area networks (WLANs) use radio waves to connect devices in a building or campus wirelessly. They integrate with wired networks through access points that bridge wireless and wired traffic. WLANs operate similarly to wired LANs but have some differences like lower security, limited bandwidth, and variable performance depending on location within the network coverage area. Common devices that use WLANs include tablets, smartphones and laptops.
This document discusses different types of transmission media used for data communication. It describes guided media such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. It also covers unguided or wireless media such as radio waves, microwaves, and infrared. For each medium, it provides details on their characteristics, applications, advantages and disadvantages. The document aims to classify and explain the basic concepts of different transmission media and their use in data communication networks.
#network #types of network
COMPUTER NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS
SLIDE PPT CONSIST OF
definition,its components,advantages,Disadvantages,switching techniques,network architectures, and Types of Networks.
If you are interested in computer networking and more topics related to computers.
Must watch my youtube channel TECHISEASY
This document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and different types of networks like LAN, MAN, and WAN. It then covers network topologies, describing physical topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid topologies. It also discusses common networking devices like routers, switches, hubs, bridges and others. Finally, it covers some common networking cables used like coaxial cable, Ethernet cable and optical fiber cable.
This document discusses different networking devices including hubs, switches, routers, bridges, and brouters. It provides information on their functions, design, and operation at both the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. It also discusses IP addresses and their role in identifying devices and enabling communication using the Internet Protocol.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks, including their basic concepts and classifications. It defines a computer network as interconnected computers that allow sharing of resources and information. The first major network was ARPANET funded by the US Department of Defense. Networks can be classified by scale as LAN, WAN, MAN, or PAN, or by structure as client-server or peer-to-peer. Topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh and tree. Network media include twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic and wireless. Internetworking connects distinct networks through common routing technologies like intranets, extranets and the global Internet.
What is a network?
Need for networking
Components of Network
Types of Network
Evolution of Networking
Communication media
Data Communication Terminologies
Switching Techniques
Digital and Analog Transmission
Network Topology
Network Devices
Communication Protocols
Wireless/Mobile Computing
This document provides an overview of broadband and DSL technology. It discusses how broadband provides high-speed internet access from 256 kbps to several mbps. It then describes ADSL technology, how it works by splitting bandwidth on copper telephone lines into channels for upstream, downstream, and voice. The document outlines the various components used in broadband networks like DSLAMs, BRAS, CPE, and discusses how they connect and function. It also lists some services that can be accessed through broadband like video and audio on demand. In closing, it mentions how broadband can help bridge the digital divide and strengthen education through improved internet access.
This document provides an overview of trends in telecommunications. It discusses industry trends toward greater competition and services. Technology trends involve open digital networks using fiber optics and satellites. Application trends involve pervasive use of the internet to support online business operations. It also defines key terms around telecommunication media, networks, protocols, and software.
This document discusses technology management. It defines technology as the application of science for industrial use. The four elements of technology are technique, knowledge, organization, and product. Technology is driven by innovation, stakeholders, customers, sponsors, and IT standards. There are different categories of technology such as black box, disembodied, embodied, generic, proprietary, and service technologies. Effective technology management leads to benefits like easier work, increased job satisfaction, higher profits, and a more competitive business. The relationship between business strategy and technology strategy is also covered.
This document discusses formal and informal communication networks. Formal networks follow rigid vertical authority chains, are task-focused, and structure most modern organizations. Informal networks are free-flowing, can skip levels, satisfy social needs, and are more trusted by employees. Both network types are important for groups to function, with informal networks existing alongside and within formal structures. Understanding different network types facilitates effective communication within organizations.
The document provides an overview of various modern management techniques. It discusses techniques such as network analysis using PERT and CPM for project management. Other techniques covered include Management by Objectives (MBO) and Total Quality Management (TQM). The document describes the characteristics, applications and processes involved in these different quantitative and analytical management methods.
Telecommunication is defined as communication over a distance using cable, telegraph, telephone, or broadcasting. It began with the invention of the telephone in 1876 and has since expanded to include radio, television, and modern technologies like the internet and cellular networks. Business telecommunication helps connect businesses to customers and colleagues using devices and networks like basic phones, faxes, and newer technologies like VoIP. Communication channels transmit messages and information through various media to intended audiences. They can be formal, following organizational hierarchies, informal outside normal channels, or unofficial like workplace rumors.
At the national level, technology management ensures sustainable technological competitiveness and economic growth through developing technology strategies, forecasting, assessing new technologies, managing knowledge, and ensuring environmental sustainability.
At the enterprise level, key tasks include technology planning, R&D management, innovation management, and strategic management of technology to ensure competitive advantage. The strategic technology management system takes a lifecycle approach including phases such as technology creation, monitoring, assessment, transfer, acceptance, utilization, maturity assessment, and managed decline.
Édouard Estaunié coined the term "télécommunication" in 1904 from the Greek prefix "tele-" meaning "far off" and the Latin word "communicare" meaning "to share". The first commercial electrical telegraph was constructed in 1839 and the first commercial telephone services began in the late 1870s. Today, Bharti Airtel is India's largest telecommunications company with over 300 million subscribers across its mobile, fixed line, high speed broadband and DTH services. Airtel continues to invest heavily in expanding its network across India with a goal of covering 95% of the population by 2010.
The document discusses the foundations of information systems in business. It covers several key topics:
- The importance of studying information systems for business professionals and five key areas of knowledge.
- Examples of how information systems can support business processes, decision making, and competitive advantage.
- Types of information systems like transaction processing systems, decision support systems, and enterprise collaboration systems.
- Challenges of managing information technology successfully and ethically in business.
The document provides an overview of telecommunications and networking concepts. It discusses key topics like network components, client-server networking, peer-to-peer networking, digital vs analog signals, wireless technologies, fiber optics, satellites, the internet, intranets, extranets, middleware, open systems, internet applications, and the business value of telecommunications networks. It also includes two case studies on public Wi-Fi access and a small company implementing a secure network.
The UK's Code of Practice for Security in Consumer IoT Products and Services ...44CON
The document discusses the UK's Code of Practice for Consumer IoT Security. It provides context on why the code was developed, including to address risks from poorly secured IoT devices. The code outlines 13 security practices for IoT manufacturers, including not using default passwords and keeping software updated. The document also discusses options for regulating adherence to the code and challenges in enforcing security standards.
It for management on demand strategies for performance, growth,ssuserd93c47
This document discusses various topics relating to computer networks and network fundamentals. It defines different types of networks including LANs, WANs, WLANs, MANs, SANs, CANs and PANs. It also discusses network terminology such as bandwidth, intranets, extranets, virtual private networks, and quality of service (QoS). The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate these network concepts. Learning objectives and sample questions are also included to help assess understanding of the key network fundamentals.
Cloud Computing - A collection of predictions, principles and providers - Feb...William Santiago
The document provides an overview and update on cloud computing, including:
1) It discusses different cloud computing models and predictions about adoption rates for technologies like virtualization, big data, and hybrid clouds over the next 10 years.
2) Several real-world examples of companies using cloud computing applications are mentioned, including The New York Times, Coca-Cola Enterprises, and Nasdaq.
3) Architectural principles for cloud design are outlined, focusing on economies of scale, efficiency, lightweight architectures, and generic platforms.
4) Major cloud providers are examined, including Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and Yahoo Cloud. Implementation roadmaps and considerations for moving applications to the cloud
This document discusses cloud computing and its opportunities for telecommunications companies. It provides an overview of cloud computing concepts and categories. It then discusses True IDC, a major cloud computing provider in Thailand, and how it offers infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS). The document also outlines opportunities and challenges for telecommunications companies to leverage their network expertise and enterprise relationships to provide cloud services.
Beyond 5G: A marketplace approach for Adjacent Growth OpportunitiesBenjamin Hourte
Support slides used during the Luxembourg 5G conference (11-12 December 2019).
The focus of the presentation is highlight the potential Adjacent Growth Opportunities when deploying 5G. It can be great opportunity for the operators.
In these slides, you will be able to learn about what we will need to do in order to enable 5G and how open source can help accelerate that transformation.
Netscout has evolved over 30 years from protocol assurance in 1985 to business assurance in 2015. In 2015, Netscout acquired Danaher's communications business, expanding its total addressable market, go-to-market activities, and platform and scale. Today, Netscout provides solutions for service assurance, security, and smart data to both enterprise and service provider customers, with $1 billion in annual revenue.
The 5G era: New horizons for advanced-electronics and industrial companiesDESMOND YUEN
The next generation of wireless connectivity has arrived: 5G has the capacity to support a huge number of connections simultaneously while improving speed, latency, reliability, and power consumption for handsets and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. As with the transition from 3G to 4G, there are many uncertainties. Where is the value coming from, and who is going to capture it? What are the use cases where 5G performance enhancements will generate the most value and demand? And which applications will most benefit from 5G?
Ben Edmond, Chief Revenue Officer for Global Capacity, spoke at the AOTMP Fixed and Mobile Telecom Management Conference on February 16, 2015. In his session “Connectivity as a Service for Designing, Ordering and Managing Enterprise Networks,” Mr. Edmond focused his discussion on connectivity implications of emerging technologies such as Cloud, WAN environments, VoIP, and Big Data. The new world of IT is changing the pace of network solutions.
See Press Release Here: http://globalcapacity.com/news-resources/article/global-capacity-selected-to-speak-at-the-aotmp-fixed-and-mobile-telecom
Cata i canada the cloud and the car diva presentation aug 31 12Barry Gander
The document discusses how the mobile cloud is transforming the automotive industry by connecting vehicles to wireless networks and the internet. It notes that the cloud allows vehicles to access information, entertainment, and services remotely which improves the driving experience. The cloud also enables data sharing between vehicles and infrastructure for applications like traffic optimization, remote diagnostics, and autonomous driving. Finally, the document proposes the creation of a testbed and showcase area to allow first responders to collaborate with the private sector and test emerging cloud-based technologies for public safety.
CSPA Keynote: BLOCKCHAIN for EnterpriseDavid Haimes
My keynote presentation at California Software Professional Association (CSPA) Meetup:
BLOCKCHAIN for Enterprise and Social Impact.
Hosted @ ORACLE Santa Clara Campus
This document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) technology. It provides an overview of what IoT is, noting that it involves connecting devices to the internet to transfer data without human interaction. It then discusses some of the key issues around IoT, including security challenges and the need for protocols like OTrP to help protect connected devices. It also briefly summarizes some industry perspectives on IoT spending trends and how companies like IBM, GE, and others are applying IoT technology.
Capturing_the_value_of_the_internet_of_Things_IBM_PoVCarl Allen
Telecom operators have struggled to profitably provide Internet of Things (IoT) offerings, especially for enterprises. Traditional network products and machine-to-machine solutions resulted in many pilot programs that did not scale. However, operators are now developing platforms and analytics services to capture more IoT value. Partnering with IBM, operators can offer complete IoT solutions across connectivity, data management, and analytics to help customers solve business problems.
V2COM was founded in 2002 to connect remote devices and is a leading provider of Internet of Things platforms and Smart Grid solutions. They connect over 1 million devices and have received over 15 international awards for pioneering work in M2M and IoT. V2COM works with major utilities in Latin America, serving 30 companies and managing $3 billion worth of automated revenue collection annually. They offer customized hardware, software, and services to help clients extract value from device and sensor data.
This document provides an overview of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Data Distribution Service (DDS) as a platform for IIoT integration. It discusses how many industries are facing disruption from trends like decentralized energy and software-driven transportation. The key challenge for IIoT is reducing the exponential increase in integration costs as systems scale up in size and complexity. DDS provides a standardized, data-centric integration approach for real-time IIoT applications and services.
Operators strategy for supporting the ‘Mobile Data Explosion’eXplanoTech
The document discusses strategies that mobile operators can use to support increasing mobile data usage. It outlines several approaches operators are taking, including deploying small cells to increase network capacity, leveraging WiFi networks to offload traffic, and using new 3GPP standards and technologies like carrier aggregation and dynamic spectrum management. The document also provides a case study of how one US operator has evolved its network from 1947 to the present day to support growing demand.
How big data analytics can optimize the telecom sector GlobalTechCouncil
We are in the era of Big data. Big data is presenting excellent optimizing opportunities to the companies in various sectors. Big data when analyzed well, can provide actionable insights that aids in devising strategies to optimize multiple business processes.
Big data has become an essential part of the telecom industry due to the enormous amount of data being generated by the telecom world. Telecom operators are sitting on gold mines as the smart devices have enabled the telecom operators to gain access to specific information about their customers’ behavior, preferences, movement, etc.
Similar to Overview of telecommunications and network (20)
The document advertises a one-day workshop on how to take a business online. The workshop will cover the basic building blocks of taking a business online like registering a domain name, getting web hosting space, and DNS mapping. It will also cover designing a website using HTML, installing and using a content management system like WordPress, using online advertisements and analytics, submitting the site to search engines, and the costs and savings associated with the workshop. Participants will get facilitation from industry experts, a live website, online training, a certificate, and other benefits while only needing to pay for a domain name and web hosting for one year to get started online.
Vision 2025 of Science and Technology by Ankush MehrotraAnkush Mehrotra
The document discusses India's growing economy and population over time. It notes that India has a $6.6 trillion economy, representing 12.5% of the Asia Pacific region, and is projected to grow at a rate of 7-8% per year. India's population is projected to reach over 1.3 billion people by 2025. The document also discusses India's growing domestic and international travel industry, with domestic travel projected to grow at a compound annual rate of 17% until 2025.
The document provides guidance on designing and delivering effective business presentations. It discusses planning a presentation to meet objectives and audience needs. Key aspects of preparing include selecting a relevant topic, determining the purpose, identifying major points, and developing a strong opening and closing. When presenting, it is important to organize content into a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Effective delivery requires practicing vocal quality, style, and adapting to different audiences and formats like videoconferencing. Visual aids should complement the content and be designed clearly.
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and awareness. It defines culture as a shared system of meanings and experiences that influence how people view and interact with the world. Cross-cultural communication focuses on how people from different backgrounds communicate across cultures. Culture can influence what people notice and how they make sense of what they see. Barriers to cross-cultural understanding include ethnocentrism, stereotyping, and cultural blindness. Developing cross-cultural awareness and respecting differences are important for effective communication across cultures.
The document discusses various aspects of business communication and writing skills. It covers topics like the importance of grammar and vocabulary, different types of business writing including letters, emails and internal communication. It also discusses principles of effective listening and writing. Business language skills are important for career growth and organizational success in today's global business environment. Managers should focus on accurate grammar usage, precise vocabulary, and avoiding common errors to improve their written communication.
- Software includes application software that directs computer use for specific tasks and system software that controls computer operations.
- Application software is divided into general-purpose programs for common tasks and specialized programs for business functions.
- System software includes programs that manage computer resources and programs that help develop other programs.
- An operating system integrates programs to manage the CPU, input/output, storage, and provide support services.
Delegation Inheritance in Odoo 17 and Its Use CasesCeline George
There are 3 types of inheritance in odoo Classical, Extension, and Delegation. Delegation inheritance is used to sink other models to our custom model. And there is no change in the views. This slide will discuss delegation inheritance and its use cases in odoo 17.
The membership Module in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Some business organizations give membership to their customers to ensure the long term relationship with those customers. If the customer is a member of the business then they get special offers and other benefits. The membership module in odoo 17 is helpful to manage everything related to the membership of multiple customers.
Front Desk Management in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Front desk officers are responsible for taking care of guests and customers. Their work mainly involves interacting with customers and business partners, either in person or through phone calls.
How to Show Sample Data in Tree and Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, sample data serves as a valuable resource for users seeking to familiarize themselves with the functionalities and capabilities of the software prior to integrating their own information. In this slide we are going to discuss about how to show sample data to a tree view and a kanban view.
Understanding and Interpreting Teachers’ TPACK for Teaching Multimodalities i...Neny Isharyanti
Presented as a plenary session in iTELL 2024 in Salatiga on 4 July 2024.
The plenary focuses on understanding and intepreting relevant TPACK competence for teachers to be adept in teaching multimodality in the digital age. It juxtaposes the results of research on multimodality with its contextual implementation in the teaching of English subject in the Indonesian Emancipated Curriculum.
How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
Join educators from the US and worldwide at this year’s conference, themed “Strategies for Proficiency & Acquisition,” to learn from top experts in world language teaching.
The Jewish Trinity : Sabbath,Shekinah and Sanctuary 4.pdfJackieSparrow3
we may assume that God created the cosmos to be his great temple, in which he rested after his creative work. Nevertheless, his special revelatory presence did not fill the entire earth yet, since it was his intention that his human vice-regent, whom he installed in the garden sanctuary, would extend worldwide the boundaries of that sanctuary and of God’s presence. Adam, of course, disobeyed this mandate, so that humanity no longer enjoyed God’s presence in the little localized garden. Consequently, the entire earth became infected with sin and idolatry in a way it had not been previously before the fall, while yet in its still imperfect newly created state. Therefore, the various expressions about God being unable to inhabit earthly structures are best understood, at least in part, by realizing that the old order and sanctuary have been tainted with sin and must be cleansed and recreated before God’s Shekinah presence, formerly limited to heaven and the holy of holies, can dwell universally throughout creation
AI Risk Management: ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, and ISO/IEC 23894PECB
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)- Concept, Features, Elements, Role of advertising in IMC
Advertising: Concept, Features, Evolution of Advertising, Active Participants, Benefits of advertising to Business firms and consumers.
Classification of advertising: Geographic, Media, Target audience and Functions.