By the late 1920's advertising in the United States had acquired the

1. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following best describes the function of advertising in a competitive market economy?

(A) A competitive economy creates many choices for consumers; thus, a highly organized system that educates consumers about goods is essential.
system that 'educates' consumers about goods is incorrect interpretation

(B) In a competitive market, the company that sells more earns bigger profits thus advertising the most important element in successful competition.
can't be duced from the passage that the advertising is the 'most' important element in successful competition

(C) Advertising became a highly competitive business by the late 1920's, and the economy of the United States has encouraged the competition among advertisers.
No such deduction --- that the economy of the US has encouraged the competition ---can be made

(D) Part of democratic ideology is freedom of choice, and advertising creates real consumer choices in a competitive market economy.
there is no mention of advertising's role as furthering 'real' consumer choices in a competitive market economy

(E) In a competitive market economy, there are many similar products competing for buyers; advertising maintains the competition by creating apparent differences among products.
Lines 6 to 8 of paragraph 1 highlighting 'have as its goal the selling of a panoply of goods among which there are most often few salient differences.' clearly allude to this fact...CORRECT answer

2. The author's assertion that advertising works "from the premise of the irrationality of the consumer" (Highlighted) implies which of the following about advertising?

(A) Advertisers assume that consumers cannot understand the differences among products.
consumers' ability to understand the differences among products not highlighted through these lines

(B) Advertising works by convincing consumers that advertising agency employees feel the same pressures as consumers.
Out of context prompt

(C) Advertisers assume that consumers can be influenced by fantasy.
the author conveys in lines 9-12 of paragraph 1 that 'every conceivable visual and rhetorical gimmick to turn the public's attention from the generic product to the symbolic attributes of a particular brand.' -- clearly highlighting the author's assumption that Advertisers assume that consumers can be influenced by fantasy>>CORRECT answer

(D) Advertisers believe that consumers do not what products are on the market.
No such implication can be inferred

(E) Advertising is based on the-belief that consumers do not want to differentiate among products.
In fact, opposite to this is true, as the advertising focusses on showcasing 'apparent' differences to consumers


3. According to the passage, which of the following true of the people who work in advertising?

(A) They feel Superior to other consumers.
'Superior' feeling for the people who work in advertising -- not deliberated upon

(B) They compete more successfully in the American economy than do other consumers.
No such inference can be drawn

(C) They are caught in the same conflicts as other Americans.
this is true (as highlighted in pargraph 2 that 'advertising's means and ends remain basically unaltered because those who create ads have always experienced the same conflicts felt by other members of twentieth-century American society'...CORRECT answer

(D) They believe that the differences advertising creates among products are real.
such a belief may not be true as the focus is on creating 'apparent' differences between goods among which there are most often few salient differences

(E) They believe that they are using their talents to improve other people's lives.
can't be ascertained using the facts presented in the passage


4. The author implies that the twentieth-century belief in the "myth of the frontier" (Highlighted) has

(A) made it difficult for Americans to adjust to an urbanized environment ,
Irrelevant, as no such deductions can be drawn

(B) helped Americans to conform to the expectations and demands of a market economy
'market economy' is not the focus behind highlighting the twentieth-century belief in the "myth of the frontier"

(C) increased the number of trips planned and taken by Americans
literal deduction ; in fact just an additional piece of information in the passage

(D) encouraged Americans to resist the depersonalization and regulation of their daily Lives
Irrelevant, as such a conclusion that 'to resist the depersonalization' can't be made

(E) allowed Americans to continue to value qualities that have largely disappeared from their daily lives
While highlighting in paragraph 4 that 'a society that has traditionally valued spontaneity, risk, and adventure', the author clearly implies that the ads have allowed the Americans to continue to value qualities that have largely disappeared from their daily lives..CORRECT answer


5. The author would most probably agree with which of the following statements about advertising?

(A) Advertising is necessary because it helps to distribute the goods industry products.
Nowhere in the passage the 'necessity' of the advertising has been highlighted

(B) Advertising has too much power over the economic well-being of the American people.
power of the advertising over the economic well-being of the people has not been commented upon

(C) Advertising is crucial to the psychological well-being of most Americans because it allows them a richly imagined life outside their routines.
this is indeed implied as the author's focus while highlighting 'generations of advertising people have aimed to transform a prosaic world of commodities into a magical place of escape, illusion, and fantasy, to express imaginative freedom and creativity in the face of routine'. in paragrapgh 5.. CORRECT answer

(D) Advertising reveals the conflicts of twentieth-century American society by creating images that are incompatible with the realities of everyday life.
' incompatibity' with the realities of everyday life -- can't be inferred

(E) Advertising undermines the basis of American society because it is anti-dernocratic.
Though undemocratic nature for advertising, it can't be inferred that the Advertising undermines the basis of American society..It' sjust that iot is at 'odds' with the American society


6. The author is primarily interested in

(A) criticizing the methods used by American advertising
the author doesn't intend to criticize the methods; in fact he analyzes these methods

(B) analyzing the means and ends of American advertising
The author highlights the means and ends of the phenomenon of advertising throughout the passage..CORRECT answer

(C) explaining the connections between the American economy and advertising
the author's focus is not on highlighting the connections

(D) warning readers of the dangers posed by advertising
No intention to describe the dangers posed by advertising

(E) encouraging readers to become more skeptical consumers
in fact, the author highlights that the advertisers assists meeting the American society's individuals' aspirations


7. According to the passage, it is surprising that the basis of-American advertising has changed so little since the late 1920's because

(A) American society has changed enormously since the 1920's
no such conclusions can be drawn

(B) the electronic mass media are so much a part of daily experience
just an additional premise..supporting argument here

(C) the business of advertising is the creation of temporary images
the author's implication when he highlights that ' all the more remarkable when one considers that advertising's business is evanescent appearances' clearly allude to this fact... CORRECT answer

(D) the American public is much less adventurous than it was in the late 1920's
Not true, as no such implication intended

(E) advertising developed so rapidly after the emergence of the mass media
It's also a supporting premise


8. The author's attitude toward the people who work in advertising can be best described as one of

(A) tolerant understanding
Paragraph 5 highlights the 'positive' role in respect of the people who work in advertising..CORRECT answer

(B) wholehearted admiration
an extreme option..also, no such admiration can be inferred

(C) scornful superiority
Out of scope prompt

(D) reluctant criticism
the author never criticises the people who work in advertising

(E) amused contempt
the author doesn't express contempt toward the people who work in advertising


9. According to the passage, the democratic ideology of the United States is at odds with a competitive market economy because

(A) individual freedom of choice and expression is inconsistent with group conformity and predictability
the author highlights in passage 3 that contradiction between our democratic ideology, with its emphasis on individual choice and freedom of expression, and an economy that encourages and indeed depends on conformity and predictability among both producers (employers as well as employees) and consumers.' -- it clearly conveys that individual freedom of choice and expression is inconsistent with group conformity and predictability... CORRECT answer

(B) individual freedoms are unimportant in a society where competition for economic gain exists
no such inference can be drawn using the facts presnted in paragrapgh 3

(C) the American democratic ideology is concerned with individual welfare, while the competitive market economy is concerned with group behavior
such focus aspects can't be inferred

(D) most people believe that economic success is more important than individual freedom
comparative interpretation is not the purpose

(E) such an economic system fails if people believe in individual freedom of choice
too extreme a prompt..the author never implies that the economic system will fail


IMO, the correct answer sequence will be ECCEDBCAA for Q.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

1. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following best describes the function of advertising in a competitive market economy?

(A) A competitive economy creates many choices for consumers; thus, a highly organized system that educates consumers about goods is essential.
We have no clue from the passage that the competitive economy intends to "educate" customers about goods becuase it just talks advertising with an intention of selling

(B) In a competitive market, the company that sells more earns bigger profits thus advertising the most important element in successful competition.
"Most" is too strong to be inferred because passage merely talks about the aspect of advertising and does not mention other aspects of competition to compare it to

(C) Advertising became a highly competitive business by the late 1920's, and the economy of the United States has encouraged the competition among advertisers.
There is no mention in the passage to create competition among advertisers but is just about how advertising came to be and how it has not changed over the years. ALso we only now market was competitive, not advertising

(D) Part of democratic ideology is freedom of choice, and advertising creates real consumer choices in a competitive market economy.
Advertising resulted from a conflict b/w democratic ideology and economy hence we cant say that it definitively creates one of them- consumer choices

(E) In a competitive market economy, there are many similar products competing for buyers; advertising maintains the competition by creating apparent differences among products.
"has continued to have as its goal the selling of a panoply of goods among which there are most often few salient differences" indicates that use of advertising in a competitive economy is to set apart such similar products

Ans E

2. The author's assertion that advertising works "from the premise of the irrationality of the consumer" (Highlighted) implies which of the following about advertising?

(A) Advertisers assume that consumers cannot understand the differences among products.
We cannot infer what consumers think about products.

(B) Advertising works by convincing consumers that advertising agency employees feel the same pressures as consumers.
There is no informtion in the passage about employees

(C) Advertisers assume that consumers can be influenced by fantasy.
"Working from the premise of the irrationality of the consumer, this vast fantasy machine employs every conceivable visual and rhetorical gimmick to turn the public's attention from the generic product to the symbolic attributes of a particular brand" indicates that advertisers assume C since their irrational thought will lead them to choose the product of fantasy

(D) Advertisers believe that consumers do not know what products are on the market.
Irrationality does not indicate anything about consumer's awareness

(E) Advertising is based on the-belief that consumers do not want to differentiate among products.
As per the quoted sentence in C, we can see the irrationality has to do with advertising pushing for fantasy and does not stand in to take advantage of consumers differentiating or not

Ans C

3. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the people who work in advertising?

(A) They feel Superior to other consumers.
We have no comparison for employees in advertising to consumers

(B) They compete more successfully in the American economy than do other consumers.
We have no basis for such a comparison

(C) They are caught in the same conflicts as other Americans.
"those who create ads have always experienced the same conflicts felt by other members of twentieth-century American society" indicates this

(D) They believe that the differences advertising creates among products are real.
These differences can definitely not be real since advertising is based on fantasy

(E) They believe that they are using their talents to improve other people's lives.
They are not improving other people's lives because they are literally advertising the fantasy

Ans C

4. The author implies that the twentieth-century belief in the "myth of the frontier" (Highlighted) has

(A) made it difficult for Americans to adjust to an urbanized environment,
"Room for real adventure is limited, if it exists at all" and "most people inhabit an urban or suburban world that is overly regulated, hemmed in by routine, and presided over by scores of specialists and experts" indicate this

(B) helped Americans to conform to the expectations and demands of a market economy
Myth of frontier was related to traditional beliefs so that would not have helped people get used to market economy

(C) increased the number of trips planned and taken by Americans
The author has used that phrase in the context of advertising not number of trips

(D) encouraged Americans to resist the depersonalization and regulation of their daily Lives
From the passage we have no idea how consumers have reacted to depersonalization and regulation of their daily Lives

(E) allowed Americans to continue to valve qualities that have largely disappeared from their daily lives
We cannot see this anwhere in the passage that the Americans continued to regulate the flow of qualities that disappeared since passage clearly says 'adventure became a commondity' and 'they had little room of adventure'.

Ans A

5. The author would most probably agree with which of the following statements about advertising?

(A) Advertising is necessary because it helps to distribute the goods industry products.
We cannot say for sure whether he thinks advertising is necessary. The passage is more about ow advertising came into being and has maintained its means and ends

(B) Advertising has too much power over the economic well-being of the American people.
We cannot conclude author's opinion on this topic

(C) Advertising is crucial to the psychological well-being of most Americans because it allows them a richly imagined life outside their routines.
" prosaic world of commodities into a magical place of escape, illusion, and fantasy, to express imaginative freedom and creativity in the face of routine" does not indicate psychological well-being just because advertising takes them to a world of fantasy

(D) Advertising reveals the conflicts of twentieth-century American society by creating images that are incompatible with the realities of everyday life.
"advertising's means and ends remain basically unaltered because those who create ads have always experienced the same conflicts felt by other members of twentieth-century American society" indicates this

(E) Advertising undermines the basis of American society because it is antidernocratic.
We cannot conclude from the passage that advertising undermines the basis of American society

Ans D

6. The author is primarily interested in

(A) criticizing the methods used by American advertising
We dont know methods used by advertising except one and also the whole passage is not giving criticism for the same

(B) analyzing the means and ends of American advertising
Yes third para is about means and ends of advertising and first two paras given context for advertising, fourth para talks about society and how contemporary society is different from traditional and its basis for means and ends and last is about how generations have used the same form of advertising

(C) explaining the connections between the American economy and advertising
Connections are not ddiscussed at length. Passage only says advertising was used in competitive economy

(D) warning readers of the dangers posed by advertising
Author is not warning readers anything

(E) encouraging readers to become more skeptical consumers
He is not encouraging consumers to behave in a specific way

Ans B

7. According to the passage, it is surprising that the basis of-American advertising has changed so little since the late 1920's because

(A) American society has changed enormously since the 1920's
We cannot conclude that this is the reason for surprise that advertising chnaged little

(B) the electronic mass media are so much a part of daily experience
"To be sure, some changes have taken place since 1930, most notably the emergence and influence of the electronic media—radio and particularly television" indicates this

(C) the business of advertising is the creation of temporary images
This is not a reason for surprise for a little change in advertising

(D) the American public is much less adventurous than it was in the late 1920's
This is not a reason for surprise for a little change in advertising

(E) advertising developed so rapidly after the emergence of the mass media
This is not a reason for surprise for a little change in advertising

Ans B

8. The author's attitude toward the people who work in advertising can be best described as one of

(A) tolerant understanding
"it is not really surprising that generations of advertising people have aimed to transform a prosaic world of commodities into a magical place of escape, illusion, and fantasy, to express imaginative freedom and creativity in the face of routine" indicates tolerant understanding

(B) wholehearted admiration
He is not admiring them at all

(C) scornful superiority
He is not considering himself superior and nor is he scornful

(D) reluctant criticism
He is not offering criticim in a reluctant way

(E) amused contempt
He is not amused by these people

Ans A

9. According to the passage, the democratic ideology of the United States is at odds with a competitive market economy because

(A) individual freedom of choice and expression is inconsistent with group conformity and predictability
"These conflicts stem from a contradiction between our democratic ideology, with its emphasis on individual choice and freedom of expression, and an economy that encourages and indeed depends on conformity and predictability among both producers (employers as well as employees) and consumers" indicates this

(B) individual freedoms are unimportant in a society where competition for economic gain exists
We cannot conclude about importance

(C) the American democratic ideology is concerned with individual welfare, while the competitive market economy is concerned with group behavior
Not true

(D) most people believe that economic success is more important than individual freedom
We cannot infer this comparison

(E) such an economic system fails if people believe in individual freedom of choice
Cannot be inferred that system will fail

Ans A

1. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following best describes the function of advertising in a competitive market economy?


(A) A competitive economy creates many choices for consumers; thus, a highly organized system that educates consumers about goods is essential. ~ Incorrect, there is no mention that customer will become educated by this.

(B) In a competitive market, the company that sells more earns bigger profits thus advertising the most important element in successful competition. ~ Incorrect, although this may be true but we cannot infer that only due to adverting companies are earning bigger profits.

(C) Advertising became a highly competitive business by the late 1920's, and the economy of the United States has encouraged the competition among advertisers. ~ Incorrect, there is no mention that competition has increased by the economy of the United States.

(D) Part of democratic ideology is freedom of choice, and advertising creates real consumer choices in a competitive market economy. ~ Incorrect, there is conflict between democratic ideology of freedom of choice and an economy that encourages and indeed depends on conformity and predictability.

(E) In a competitive market economy, there are many similar products competing for buyers; advertising maintains the competition by creating apparent differences among products. ~ Correct, refer to the line "that the end of their efforts is to convince millions of consumers that they would be happier even better human beings if they used Brand X instead of Brand Y." So every adverting company helps to create the competition among different brands and this is confirmed by the line "this vast fantasy machine employs every conceivable visual and rhetorical gimmick to turn the public's attention from the generic product to the symbolic attributes of a particular brand."

2. The author's assertion that advertising works "from the premise of the irrationality of the consumer" (Highlighted) implies which of the following about advertising?


(A) Advertisers assume that consumers cannot understand the differences among products. ~ Correct, if customer are able to understand than they will know that both products are similar in nature and one is just advertised more than the other.

(B) Advertising works by convincing consumers that advertising agency employees feel the same pressures as consumers. ~ Incorrect, the pressure on the advertising agency is not mentioned

(C) Advertisers assume that consumers can be influenced by fantasy. ~Incorrect, although advertisers influence the customer by fantasy it does not show that they are irrational towards the products.

(D) Advertisers believe that consumers do not what products are on the market. ~ Incorrect, there is no mention that customer are unaware about the products.

(E) Advertising is based on the-belief that consumers do not want to differentiate among products. ~ Incorrect, customer want to understand but they are not able to because of conceivable visual and rhetorical gimmick presented by Advertisment.


3. According to the passage, which of the following true of the people who work in advertising?

(A) They feel Superior to other consumers. ~ Incorrect, author mentions that they are immune to others.

(B) They compete more successfully in the American economy than do other consumers. ~ Incorrect, there is not mention that advertisement will impact the american economy.

(C) They are caught in the same conflicts as other Americans. ~ Incorrect, author mentions that they are Far from immune to general american conflicts and other contradiction, and just focus on their job.

(D) They believe that the differences advertising creates among products are real. ~ Incorrect, the impact they create among products is not mentioned only over the people is mentioned. Their role is to convince customer to buy advertised products.

(E) They believe that they are using their talents to improve other people's lives. ~ Correct , refer to the line "that the end of their efforts is to convince millions of consumers that they would be happier even better human beings if they used Brand X instead of Brand Y" They believe that using advertising they are able to provide a magical place of escape, illusion, and fantasy to their consumers.

4. The author implies that the twentieth-century belief in the "myth of the frontier" (Highlighted) has


(A) made it difficult for Americans to adjust to an urbanized environment , ~ Incorrect, it is mentioned that "Yet in the United States today, most people inhabit an urban or suburban world that is overly regulated," So Americans did not face any difficulty in adjusting to an urbanized environment

(B) helped Americans to conform to the expectations and demands of a market economy ~ Incorrect, there is not relation between myth of the frontier and market economy

(C) increased the number of trips planned and taken by Americans ~ Incorrect, myth of the frontier is mention to highlight about spontaneity, risk, and adventure and not planned trips.

(D) encouraged Americans to resist the depersonalization and regulation of their daily Life ~ Incorrect, although modern american lives have become regularized and depersonalized, myth of the frontier is used to encourage american to value the qualities of spontaneity, risk, and adventure which have disappeared from their lives.

(E) allowed Americans to continue to valve qualities that have largely disappeared from their daily lives ~ Correct, myth of the frontier is used to encourage american to value the qualities of spontaneity, risk, and adventure which have disappeared from their lives.


5. The author would most probably agree with which of the following statements about advertising?


(A) Advertising is necessary because it helps to distribute the goods industry products.~ Incorrect, as per author advertising just turn public attention from the generic product to the symbolic attributes of a particular brand. No where it is mention that the product is good.

(B) Advertising has too much power over the economic well-being of the American people. ~ Incorrect, it is not mentioned that how advertising will impact the economic well being of the American people in the passage.

(C) Advertising is crucial to the psychological well-being of most Americans because it allows them a richly imagined life outside their routines. ~ Incorrect, we cannot infer that imagining a rich life outside the regular routine will help individuals in their psychological well-being. No such effect is mention in the passage.

(D) Advertising reveals the conflicts of twentieth-century American society by creating images that are incompatible with the realities of everyday life. ~ Incorrect, it is mention that they are immune to these and other contradiction . Earlier also before the 20th century advertisement were manufacturing illusions now also they are doing the same in the 20th century.

(E) Advertising undermines the basis of American society because it is antidemocratic. ~ Correct refer to the line "These conflicts stem from a contradiction between our democratic ideology, with its emphasis on individual choice and freedom of expression, and an economy that encourages and indeed depends on conformity and predictability among both producers (employers as well as employees) and consumers." Author mentions that there is contradiction between Democratic ideology and an economy that encourages and indeed depends on conformity and predictability ( of which advertising is a part of).

6. The author is primarily interested in

(A) criticizing the methods used by American advertising ~ Incorrect, author does not criticize the methods of American advertising, he objectively analyze that what are the means and end of American advertising

(B) analyzing the means and ends of American advertising ~ Correct, author analyze the means and ends of American advertising. He tries to highlight why advertising's means and ends remain basically unaltered.

(C) explaining the connections between the American economy and advertising ~ Incorrect, author does not explain any relation between american economy and the advertising. He simply mentions as long as the competitive markets are there advertising will be there.

(D) warning readers of the dangers posed by advertising ~ Incorrect, although author mentions that advertisement end effort is to convince the consumer to purchase certain products, it no where mention that consumers should be aware about it.

(E) encouraging readers to become more skeptical consumers ~ Incorrect, author does not caution readers that advertisement may influence their choices and they should be aware about it. He just mentions that role of advertisement is to convince them to buy a certain product.


7. According to the passage, it is surprising that the basis of-American advertising has changed so little since the late 1920's because

(A) American society has changed enormously since the 1920's ~ Incorrect, author mentions that despite some surface changes, advertising remains bottom, what it was fifty or more years ago.

(B) the electronic mass media are so much a part of daily experience ~ Incorrect, author agrees that the emergence and influence of the electronic media are some changes that have occurred. But despite such surface changes, advertising remains bottom, what it was fifty or more years ago: the business of manufacturing illusions.

(C) the business of advertising is the creation of temporary images ~ Correct, refer to the line "But despite such surface changes, advertising remains bottom, what it was fifty or more years ago: the business of manufacturing illusions". Author mentions that although 2 surface changes occurs, but advertising is same which is to create manufacture illusion( temporary images) to turn the public's attention.

(D) the American public is much less adventurous than it was in the late 1920's ~ Incorrect, although it is true but it is not the reason because of which there is little change in advertising.

(E) advertising developed so rapidly after the emergence of the mass media ~ Incorrect, author agrees that the emergence and influence of the electronic media are some changes that have occurred. But despite such surface changes, advertising remains bottom, what it was fifty or more years ago: the business of manufacturing illusions.

8. The author's attitude toward the people who work in advertising can be best described as one of

Author's mentions that "Given the conditions of their work and of ordinary life, it is not really surprising that generations of advertising people have aimed to transform a prosaic world of commodities into a magical place of escape, illusion, and fantasy, to express imaginative freedom and creativity in the face of routine."

(A) tolerant understanding ~ Correct,as eplained above

(B) wholehearted admiration ~ Incorrect, intially author mentions that

(C) scornful superiority ~ Incorrect, author is not showing contempt towards the people working in advertising

(D) reluctant criticism ~ Incorrect, author does not criticize the people working in ad

(E) amused contempt ~ Author is not showing contempt towards them in the last line he admire their aim


9. According to the passage, the democratic ideology of the United States is at odds with a competitive market economy because

Refer to the line "These conflicts stem from a contradiction between our democratic ideology, with its emphasis on individual choice and freedom of expression, and an economy that encourages and indeed depends on conformity and predictability among both producers (employers as well as employees) and consumers."

(A) individual freedom of choice and expression is inconsistent with group conformity and predictability ~ Correct, advertising always have a conflict between individual freedom of choice and economically their and their's company success depends on the confirm of their advertised product.

(B) individual freedoms are unimportant in a society where competition for economic gain exists ~ Incorrect, we cannot infer from the passage that individual freedoms are unimportant,

(C) the American democratic ideology is concerned with individual welfare, while the competitive market economy is concerned with group behavior ~ Incorrect, the competitive market economy is dependent on group conformity and predictability and not on group behaviour in general.

(D) most people believe that economic success is more important than individual freedom ~ Incorrect, this is not mentioned in the passage.

(E) such an economic system fails if people believe in individual freedom of choice ~ Incorrect, this is not mention that the system will fail if people believe in individual freedom of choice.

Hello Everyone!

Hope you escaped fine from this quiz and the ten most driest days (I think) of your GMAT journey.

OAs to this passage has been revealed, OE is posted. Competition mode is off. sivakumarm786 did a job and tried their best to maximize the chances. Here is the result for this one.

sivakumarm786 = 82
Elite097 = 71
pintukr = 67
Catman = 62
samagra21 = 40

All of you are requested to go back on each passage you have attempted and posted explanations of, please delete your incorrect responses and format the rest. This is VERY necessary. If you do not do that It will keep inconveniences for the newbies. And I know I will be cleaning all the mess otherwise

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