From the past decades, the financial market has been suffering from the unforeseen and sudden economic turbulences that have been directly or indirectly contributing for the stock returns. The study primarily analyzes the market reactions to tangible information and intangible information in Nepalese stock market and to examine the investors’ opinions in Nepalese stock market issues. The sample size is 185 stock investors and the response rate is 27 percent. The major findings of the study are: the capital structure and average pricing method is one factor that influence the investment decisions, the next is political and media coverage, the third factor is belief on luck and the financial education, and finally the forth component for stock market movement is trend analysis. Thus, it is concluded that both the tangible and intangible information are essential to succeed in Nepalese capital market.
(1) Saving is income not consumed or paid in taxes, and is channeled to firms through bonds/stocks or bank deposits for investment.
(2) Investment adds to physical capital stock or replaces old assets, including private and fixed investment like structures and machinery.
(3) The saving-investment theory explains how equality between saving and investment determines the price level, with disequilibrium causing price fluctuations through changes in income.
El documento discute el papel de la tecnología en la educación moderna y cómo los docentes deben adaptarse a los cambios. Señala que aunque las pizarras y computadoras no son esenciales, los avances tecnológicos deben incorporarse para estar a la altura de los estudiantes. También argumenta que los docentes del siglo 21 deben estar familiarizados con la tecnología y usarla para formar profesionales competitivos, guiar a los estudiantes a distinguir información importante de trivial y desarrollar la autonomía de
Este documento discute cómo las nuevas teorías de comunicación deben integrar la interactividad de las nuevas tecnologías y cómo los investigadores inicialmente trataron de aplicar teorías existentes a los nuevos medios. También explora enfoques como los estudios culturales para comprender mejor el consumo de medios y la agencia de los usuarios, y examina cómo ciertos medios interactivos como los videojuegos pueden limitar la agencia.
Este documento presenta biografías breves de los tres hermanos Jonas que forman la banda Jonas Brothers. Detalla los nombres, fechas y lugares de nacimiento de Nick, Joe y Kevin Jonas, así como sus instrumentos musicales. Explica que la banda fue creada en 2005 y ha tenido éxito mundial, con canciones como "Paranoid".
Este documento presenta un proyecto de diseño digital con VHDL para implementar un contador ascendente/descendente de 3 bits usando máquinas de estado finitas. Incluye la teoría sobre contadores bidireccionales y máquinas de estados, así como el procedimiento para crear el proyecto en Aldec HDL con los módulos de divisor de reloj, contador y decodificador BCD a 7 segmentos. El resumen concluye que a pesar de algunas dificultades iniciales, el programa se completó satisfactoriamente.
Este documento trata sobre la fisiopatología de la enfermedad cerebrovascular. Explica que para que el cerebro funcione necesita un flujo sanguíneo cerebral constante, y que si este flujo cae por debajo de ciertos umbrales se desencadenan procesos irreversibles como el infarto cerebral. Describe los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que ocurren durante la isquemia cerebral como la hipoxia tisular y alteraciones metabólicas, así como los factores que modifican la extensión del daño. También introduce
Investor Awareness and Investment on Equity in Nepalese Capital MarketSudarshan Kadariya
This article discusses a study on investor awareness and investment in the Nepalese capital market. The study surveyed 100 equity investors in the secondary market, with a 73% response rate. The study found that equity investors have a high level of awareness compared to what is needed, and aware investors are more likely to hold larger equity investments. However, there is an issue with access to information for equity investors in the secondary market. The article provides background on the growth of capital markets in Nepal and the importance of investor awareness and access to information for sustainable market development.
El documento describe la región trinacional MAP, una iniciativa que busca promover el desarrollo sostenible en la región fronteriza entre Brasil, Bolivia y Perú. La iniciativa MAP se originó en 1999 para abordar los impactos ambientales de las carreteras bioceánicas y ahora trabaja con actores locales para construir el concepto y práctica del desarrollo sostenible en la región, el cual incluye la conservación ambiental, equidad social, desarrollo económico y gobernabilidad. La iniciativa MAP se l
Los procesos básicos y superiores del pensamiento incluyen la sensación, percepción, atención, memoria y razonamiento. Los procesos superiores como la inteligencia y el lenguaje implican los procesos básicos. Las competencias comunicativas como la lectura, escritura y el contexto social también implican el uso del lenguaje y la presentación de información.
Web 2.0 y su impacto en el surgimiento del "Periodista Multimedia" (Parte 1)pmena
El documento discute el efecto de Web 2.0 en el periodismo, incluyendo el crecimiento de las redes sociales como Facebook y Twitter y su uso para difundir noticias. También describe al periodista multimedia y la necesidad de una redacción multimedia con nuevas herramientas, y los nuevos desafíos que esto presenta en términos de responsabilidad, independencia y precisión. Además, ofrece sugerencias sobre cómo los periodistas pueden aprovechar múltiples formatos como fotografía, audio y video para agregar valor a sus publicaciones en la web
El documento presenta la información proporcionada a los padres en una reunión informativa sobre el curso escolar. Se detalla el equipo directivo, las materias obligatorias y optativas, los criterios de evaluación y promoción, el calendario escolar, las normas de convivencia, y se pide la colaboración de los padres para garantizar el éxito académico de los estudiantes.
El documento describe cuatro especialidades: Informática, Contabilidad, Administración y Secretariado. Informática se basa en avances tecnológicos y creación de páginas web y blogs. Contabilidad implica realizar facturas y boletas de pago para registrar gastos de una empresa. Administración se enfoca en administrar gastos de una o más empresas de forma ordenada para crear y mantener una buena organización. Secretariado requiere realizar documentos, cartas u otros que demuestren buen desempeño laboral.
El documento proporciona instrucciones para instalar los sistemas operativos Windows XP y Ubuntu. Explica los pasos para configurar el arranque desde un CD, particionar el disco duro, instalar los archivos del sistema operativo, configurar la cuenta de usuario y reiniciar la computadora para completar la instalación. También compara Ubuntu y Windows XP, señalando que Ubuntu es una distribución de Linux enfocada en la facilidad de uso.
Este documento es una oración dirigida a Dios para pedirle que derrame su misericordia, amor, paz, alegría y bendiciones sobre una persona especial. Se le pide a Dios que llene el corazón de esta persona con estas cualidades, cure sus heridas emocionales, ilumine su vida, le enseñe a amar, y le dé fuerza, sabiduría y fe.
La conexión por satélite permite el acceso a Internet de alta velocidad en lugares remotos, especialmente en áreas rurales. Los cables submarinos de fibra óptica, instalados en el lecho marino, son fundamentales para las telecomunicaciones. Estos cables pasan por cuatro fases: la agrimensura del fondo marino, la colocación del cable a lo largo de la ruta seleccionada, la verificación del funcionamiento y aterrizaje, y el mantenimiento posterior.
Este documento presenta el currículum vitae de Aníbal Pedreño Gonzalo, incluyendo su experiencia profesional en cargos comerciales y de gestión desde 2011 hasta 1997 en empresas como Vileda Ibérica, Philips, Saeco Ibérica y Würth España. También detalla su formación académica en ciencias biológicas y empresariales, así como cursos de idiomas, informática y marketing. Finalmente, proporciona información adicional sobre idiomas, habilidades informáticas y enlaces en LinkedIn.
Strategy-Benefits Roadmapping for Tracing Project Business BenefitsWalter Adamson
The corporate challenge of successfully implementing strategy is an enduring one. It is often said, and especially among the “name” consulting houses, that there is no such thing as bad strategy only bad implementation.
Market-Benefits Roadmapping represents a powerful technique for supporting management discussions and communicating the corporate plan. Most importantly, it supports a “one page” view of the status of benefits to be delivered by the corporate strategy to the customers of the enterprise.
The MB-Mapping process describes a system which cascades down from market, through corporate or government objectives, into projects and benefits which have a good chance of being delivered (based upon the capability analysis and the critical focus areas). In short, it integrates objectives and strategy with project selection and the delivery of success (benefits).
The system thus drives project deployment from planning to execution and delivery of benefits, all based on what matters most to the market and business. As a result, the projects and their benefits will be consistent with competitive positioning, and consistent with the goals and the vision of the organisation.
The focus on achieving the benefits must be maintained by regular updating and review of the MB-Map®, which is fortunately a relatively simple task within this newly established matrix structure and methodology.
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Tangible market information and stock returns the nepalese evidence synopsisSudarshan Kadariya
This is a synopsis of the work done for the academic fulfillment purpose. The study have assumptions. The findings are suggested to related with its assumptions. I believe this work will help the financial / stock market in Nepal and it will also be accessible and share some features to the international financial market researchers.
Market information and stock returns the nepalese evidenceSudarshan Kadariya
This is a work done for the academic fulfillment purpose. The study have assumptions. The findings are suggested to related with its assumptions. I believe this work will help the financial / stock market in Nepal and it will also be accessible and share some features to the international financial market researchers.
We do have ‘no excuses’ other than learning new things, it is very important to start learning new things specially that has direct impact in your pockets or wallets.
Standardization of services and the democratization of the nepali stock marketSudarshan Kadariya
In the financial and investment services sector, this should be the right timing to discuss the need for standardization or the rating system in Nepal.
Financial Market is a important area of study and its a most practical education where is News on Stock Market is even crucial as the market moves how we share the news coverage of the specific events and how fast we would disseminate them to the public.
The stock market behavior on news and a comparison with s&p 500Sudarshan Kadariya
The document analyzes the relationship between news coverage and stock market performance in Nepal from 1994 to 2010. It finds that bad news has a negative effect, good news has a positive effect, and informational news has an inconsistent effect, similar to studies in other countries. However, bad news seems to have a slightly stronger impact than good news in Nepal. The behavior of Nepal's stock market, as represented by changes in the NEPSE index, is also found to differ from the S&P 500 index in the US, reacting more strongly to news and exhibiting shorter bull markets.
The document discusses the past, present, and future of Nepal's stock market, NEPSE. It outlines that NEPSE has transitioned from an open-outcry trading system to a semi-automated system and is moving towards fully online trading. Currently, trading still involves some paper-based processes but shares are being dematerialized. The future of NEPSE is poised for online trading which will provide direct access for investors but also increase risks, requiring financial savvy. Adopting new technologies comes with challenges but also opportunities to develop infrastructure and attract global investors.
The document provides an overview of investing basics for those new to the stock market. It discusses key concepts like understanding investment risks, gaining expertise over time through practice rather than just reading theories, starting to invest early to benefit from compound interest, setting clear investment objectives, developing an appropriate investment strategy, maintaining a diversified portfolio, controlling emotions, and adjusting one's portfolio over time in response to market changes. The document emphasizes that investing requires ongoing learning and adapting to changing market conditions.
Step 1: Protect yourself and your family through proper insurance policies that cover disabilities, health issues, and death.
Step 2: Pay off any existing high-interest debts and loans as quickly as possible to avoid accumulating more interest.
Step 3: Maintain an emergency fund equal to 3-6 months' worth of income in a liquid account to prepare for unexpected expenses.
Step 4: Once the above financial foundation steps are in place, any remaining money can be considered for investment with a long-term approach and awareness of investment risks.
The document discusses principles of option pricing, specifically related to puts. It covers:
1) The minimum value a put can have is 0, as it cannot be negative. The maximum value of a European put at expiration is the exercise price times 1 plus the interest rate to the power of time to maturity, while the maximum value of an American put is simply the exercise price.
2) Higher exercise prices and longer times to maturity result in higher put prices, as they provide more value. Interest rates and volatility also impact put prices, with puts having an inverse relationship with interest rates.
3) At expiration, a put's value equals its intrinsic value of max(0, exercise price - stock price
The document discusses key concepts related to options pricing including: the minimum and maximum value of a call option; factors that affect call prices such as exercise price, time to maturity, interest rates, and stock volatility; the difference between American and European style options; and the potential early exercise of American call options on dividend and non-dividend paying stocks.
The document discusses options contracts, including the key parties (buyer and seller), types of options (calls and puts), how option value is determined, and examples of calculating profit and loss for option buyers and sellers. It also defines important option terms and describes the main types of options - stock options, index options, currency options, and futures options.
The put-call parity model describes the relationship between European put and call options on the same stock with the same expiration date and exercise price. It establishes that the call price, put price, stock price, exercise price, and risk-free interest rate are all related by a specific formula. The formula shows that buying a call and shorting a put is equivalent to buying the stock and borrowing the exercise price at the risk-free rate. The document provides examples of how to use the put-call parity formula to solve for unknown variables like the stock price given option prices or the interest rate given option and stock prices. It also describes how an arbitrage opportunity could arise if the relationship described by the put-call parity model is
- The document describes binomial option pricing models for valuing European call and put options on stocks that can move up or down over one or multiple time periods.
- It provides a replicating portfolio approach to derive the option pricing formulas in one and two period binomial models.
- Estimates for the up and down movements (Ru and Rd) in a multi-period model can be derived from the mean and standard deviation of the underlying stock's returns over the time period.
- For example, with a 4 month option, 14% annual stock returns, 23% volatility, the up movement would be 12.36% and down movement -6.
The document discusses derivatives, which are financial instruments derived from underlying assets like stocks, bonds, currencies, and commodities. Derivatives include options, futures, forwards, and swaps. They allow investors to hedge risk or speculate. Derivatives gain value based on fluctuations in the underlying asset and are used for both risk management and investment purposes. Common derivative types and how they work are also explained.
This document discusses various concepts related to bond valuation including:
- Bonds provide periodic interest payments and repayment of face value at maturity as cash flows for valuation.
- Key bond features that impact valuation are coupon rate, maturity date, par/face value, current yield.
- Bond prices are sensitive to changes in market interest rates, with prices falling when rates rise.
- Bond valuation involves discounting the coupon payments and face value repayment to their present value using the required rate of return.
The document provides examples of calculating bond prices and yields using time value of money concepts. It also briefly discusses common stock valuation based on dividend payments and expected future sale price.
The document discusses various capital budgeting techniques for evaluating investment projects. It outlines steps for estimating cash flows, including determining net cash outflows, annual cash flows, and final year cash flows. It then explains several evaluation techniques like average rate of return, payback period, discounted payback period, net present value, internal rate of return, and profitability index. The techniques consider factors like time value of money, risk, and whether the technique is consistent with maximizing shareholder wealth. NPV is highlighted as the preferred technique, though others provide supplementary insights into risk, costs, and returns.