哈馬斯
哈馬斯 阿拉伯文:حركة المقاومة الإسلامية | |
---|---|
哈馬斯旗 | |
國 | 巴勒斯坦國 |
創辦人 | |
成立 | 1987年12月10號 |
活躍時間 | 1987年-依家 |
分離自 | 穆斯林兄弟會 |
意識形態 | 巴勒斯坦人民族主義[4] 回教民族主義[4][5] 回教主義[4][6] 反錫安主義[7] 反帝國主義[8] |
總部 | 加沙城 |
恐怖組織 | |
阿根廷[9] 澳洲[10] 加拿大[11] 歐盟[12] 以色列[13] 紐西蘭[14] 巴拉圭[15] 英國[16] 美國[17] |
哈馬斯(阿拉伯文:حركة المقاومة الإسلامية;伊斯蘭抵抗者組織),係一個巴勒斯坦恐怖主義極端武裝組織,1987年成立。
意識形態[編輯]
哈馬斯恐怖分子唔承認有猶太嘅以色列存在、反對以巴和解,堅持要以恐怖主義嚟達到消滅以色列同屠殺所有猶太人嘅既定目標[18][19] 。
歷史[編輯]
自從2007年加沙之戰以嚟哈馬斯恐怖分子事實上控制咗成個加沙地帶,周時射火箭或者派人肉炸彈對以色列發動多次恐怖襲擊,終於搞到2008年尾至2009年初雙方打咗場大戰。據以色列國防軍嘅情報,哈馬斯恐怖分子喺2000年至2007年曾經響加沙搞出425單恐怖襲擊[20]。
2023年10月7號,哈馬斯恐怖分子對以色列發動大規模恐怖襲擊[21][22] [23],向住以色列射咗超過五千嚿火箭彈,跟手仲靜雞雞潛入近住加沙走廊嘅基布茲同埋斯德洛呢啲以色列城市無差別綁架同屠殺無辜民眾,甚至仲犯下強姦婦女、綁架細路同屠殺嬰兒等令人髮指嘅嚴重戰爭罪行[24][25][26],令以色列政府即刻向哈馬斯恐怖分子宣戰[27][28][29]。
外界地位[編輯]
哈馬斯恐怖分子因為其恐怖主義行徑畀以色列、美國、英國、加拿大、澳洲、紐西蘭、日本、歐盟等自由世界國家列為恐怖主義組織,相反伊朗、土耳其、中共、埃及、沙地阿拉伯、卡塔爾、俄羅斯等專制獨裁國家同埋聯合國就包庇哈馬斯恐怖分子嘅恐怖主義行徑。
睇埋[編輯]
參考[編輯]
- ↑ Downs, Ray. "Hamas leader dead after 'accidental' gunshot to head". UPI. 喺31 January 2024搵到.
- ↑ Abu-Amr, Ziad (Summer 1993). "Hamas: A Historical and Political Background". Journal of Palestine Studies. 22 (4): 10. doi:10.2307/2538077. JSTOR 2538077.
- ↑ "Hamas West Bank leader given six-month detention without trial". Arab News. Agence France-Presse. 2019-04-08.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Dalacoura 2012, pp. 66–67.
- ↑ Stepanova, Ekaterina (2008). Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects (PDF). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) / Oxford University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0199533558. 原著 (PDF)喺March 10, 2016歸檔. 喺May 5, 2015搵到.
- ↑ Dunning, Tristan (2016). Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine. Routledg. p. 270. ISBN 978-1317384946.
- ↑ Mišʿal, Šāʾûl; Sela, Avraham; Selaʿ, Avrāhām (2006). The Palestinian Hamas: vision, violence, and coexistence ; [with a new introduction]. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. ISBN 9780231116756. 喺20 October 2023搵到.
- ↑ Honig-Parnass, Tikva; Haddad, Toufic (2007). "10: Expanding Regionally, Resisting Locally". Between the Lines. Haymarket Books. p. 297. ISBN 978-1931859-44-8.
- ↑ "El gobierno argentino incluirá al grupo Hamás en la lista de organizaciones terroristas – frente a Cano".
- ↑ "Entirety of Hamas to be listed as a terrorist organisation". ABC News. February 17, 2022.
- ↑ "Currently listed entities". December 21, 2018.
- ↑ Boffey, Daniel (July 26, 2017). "EU court upholds Hamas terror listing". The Guardian. 喺October 18, 2023搵到.
- ↑ Fighting terrorism
- ↑ "NZ designates all of Hamas a terrorist entity". 1News (英文). 29 February 2024.
- ↑ "Paraguay adds Hamas, Hezbollah to terrorism list". August 20, 2019.
- ↑ "Proscribed terrorist groups or organisations". GOV.UK.
- ↑ "Foreign Terrorist Organizations".
- ↑ "Hamas - The Islamic Resistance Movement in the Territories". International Institute for Counter-Terrorism. 1999-04-25. 原先內容歸檔喺2021-01-18.
- ↑ "Israeli Official Says Hamas Has Made Abbas Irrelevant". 紐約時報. 2006-02-27. 原先內容歸檔喺2021-10-30.
- ↑ "The Hamas organization is responsible for more than 425 terror attacks in Israel". 《IDF》. 2004-04-18. 原著喺2007-06-25歸檔. 喺2009-01-16搵到.
- ↑ Whitehead, Jamie (7 October 2023). "LIVE Palestinian gunmen infiltrate Israel after rocket barrage from Gaza". Hamas claims thousands of rockets fired. BBC. 原著喺2023-10-07歸檔. 喺2023-10-07搵到.
- ↑ Federman, Josef (2023-10-06). "Hamas militant group launches unprecedented operation against Israel with rockets and infiltration". ABC News (英文). AP News. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-10-07. 喺2023-10-07搵到.
- ↑ Sarkar, Shankhyaneel (2023-10-07). "Israel-Palestine War? Hamas Launches Operation Al-Aqsa Flood, Fires 5,000 Missiles into Israel; 1 Dead, 2 Injured". Network18 Group. 原先內容歸檔喺7 October 2023. 喺7 October 2023搵到.
- ↑ "Hamas claims to fire 5,000 rockets at Israel, declares 'Operation Al-Aqsa Flood'". Times of Israel.
- ↑ "תיעוד מחבלים חדרו לשדרות עם נשקים שלופים - וירו על..." N12. 2023-10-07. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-10-07. 喺2023-10-07搵到.
- ↑ "Rocket Barrage From Gaza Strikes Israel, Several Wounded". Bloomberg (英文). 2023-10-07. 原著喺2023-10-07歸檔. 喺2023-10-07搵到.
- ↑ "Live updates: Militants infiltrate Israel from Gaza as Hamas claims major rocket attack".
- ↑ "Hamas launches surprise attack on Israel as Palestinian gunmen reported in south". Guardian. 2023-10-07. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-10-07.
- ↑ "IDF declares 'state of readiness for war' amid Hamas infiltrations, rocket barrages". The Times of Israel.
文獻[編輯]
- Dalacoura, Katerina (2012). "Islamist Terrorism and National Liberation: Hamas and Hizbullah". Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East. 劍橋: 劍橋大學出版社. pp. 66–96. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511977367.004. ISBN 9780511977367. LCCN 2010047275. S2CID 150958046.
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