The document discusses acupuncture pain management and its mechanisms. It covers several theories of acupuncture including the gate control theory of pain, neurohumoral theory, and endorphin theory. It also discusses clinical applications for treating various pain conditions like headaches, arthritis, lower back pain, and more. Key acupuncture points are provided for different types of pain.
Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese practice that involves inserting thin needles into the skin at precise points on the body to relieve pain and other health issues. It originated over 2000 years ago and was introduced to Europe in the 17th century. Modern research studies have found acupuncture can help reduce dental pain, arthritis pain, headaches, back pain, and side effects from cancer treatments, though evidence is still limited or inconclusive for other conditions. Potential risks include soreness, bruising, and rarely, organ injury or infection. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health continues to research how and why acupuncture may relieve pain and other health issues.
Acupuncture can relieve pain through various eastern and western approaches. Eastern approaches view pain as blocked energy and use acupuncture needles, electrical stimulation, massage, and herbs to unblock chi flow. Western science finds acupuncture activates the body's natural painkilling substances and a brain imaging study found it reduces activity in pain processing areas by 60-70%. Clinical studies show acupuncture provides significant pain relief for headaches and is effective with fewer side effects than medications.
Trigger points are commonly seen in patients with myofascial pain which is responsible for localized
pain in the affected muscles as well as referred pain patterns. Correct needle placement in a
myofascial trigger point is vital to prevent complications and improve efficacy of the trigger point
injection to help reduce or relieve myofascial pain
Office based ultrasound-guided injection techniques for musculoskeletal
disorders have been described in the literature with regard to tendon, bursa, cystic, and
joint pathologies. For the interventionalist, utilizing ultrasound yields multiple advantages technically
and practically, including observation of needle placement in real-time, ability to perform
dynamic studies, the possibility of diagnosing musculoskeletal pathologies, avoidance of radiation
exposure, reduced overall cost, and portability of equipment within the office setting.
Interventional pain management by dr rajeev harsheRajeev Harshe
This document provides information about Dr. Rajeev Harshe, a pain consultant based in Ahmedabad, India. It discusses various methods for acute and chronic pain management, including the use of multimodal analgesia, nerve blocks, radiofrequency ablation, and other techniques. The document also presents 14 case studies describing different types of pain and recommending specific treatment approaches for each case, with an emphasis on using the latest noninvasive options when possible to manage pain without surgery.
This document discusses interventional pain management (IPM) as a specialty focused on diagnosing and treating pain through minimally invasive procedures. It provides an overview of common IPM procedures like diagnostic nerve blocks, radiofrequency ablation, vertebroplasty, and percutaneous discectomy. The document also presents four case studies where IPM procedures like epidurolysis, percutaneous discectomy, vertebroplasty, and radiofrequency rhizotomy successfully treated chronic pain when other options had failed. It concludes that contrary to common beliefs, over 85% of spinal pain causes can be accurately diagnosed through IPM procedures and that IPM can provide long-term relief when pharmacologic treatments and surgery are not suitable options.
Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese treatment using thin needles inserted at specific points in the body. It is based on the belief that energy (qi) flows through meridians and illness occurs when qi is blocked. The needles may alleviate pain by stimulating the nervous system to release chemicals or affect brain chemistry. Current evidence supports acupuncture for back/neck pain, headaches, and nausea. Risks are generally minor but may include bruising or fainting. Serious risks like infection or organ puncture are very rare if done properly. The document provides details on the theory, mechanisms of action, appropriate conditions, procedures, risks and side effects of acupuncture.
This document discusses medical acupuncture and its use in modern medicine. It provides background on acupuncture including its origins in ancient India and China. The document explains how acupuncture works based on Chinese concepts of qi and meridians. It outlines indications for acupuncture in treating various conditions and compares its effectiveness to drug therapies with fewer side effects. The document also discusses complications, limitations, and appropriate practitioners of acupuncture when used as a branch of medicine.
Option of interventional pain therapy in multimodal treatment of chronic cancer and non-cancer pain
Established role when pharmacotherapy or surgery not suitable
Indications well accepted
Evidence for efficacy moderate to strong
Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese healing technique that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to relieve pain and treat various health conditions. It works by unblocking disruptions in the flow of "qi", or life energy, through pathways called meridians. A session at John's Acupuncture clinic can help fix pains like neck or back issues for $50. Testimonials from past clients report relief from shoulder pain, migraines, and improved mobility.
Learn about Moxibustion Therapy. This Slideshare Lesson has been taught by Tim Vukan at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. Tim Vukan, MMed, Master of Chinese medicine at (ZCMU) is one of the few foreigners who completed his more than 12 years of Chinese medicine education directly in China! He is a certified Chinese medicine practitioner who has been studying and practicing for more than ten years at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University in Hangzhou (China). He is now teaching Chinese medicine to Chinese and foreign students at ZCMU.
This document provides an overview of acupressure as a method of naturopathy. It defines acupressure as an ancient healing technique that uses finger pressure on key points of the body to stimulate the body's natural healing abilities. The document outlines the principles of naturopathy, then describes the history of acupressure, how it works by applying pressure to points along meridian lines, its classification into different therapies, advantages like being drug-free and easy to learn, potential disadvantages like not treating all conditions, and applications for ailments like headaches, cramps, and nausea.
Physiotherapy is an effective treatment for injuries and illnesses that uses scientifically-proven techniques. Physiotherapists are university-trained health professionals who are skilled in clinical reasoning and hands-on treatment approaches. They can help treat conditions like knee pain, back pain, sports injuries and more through techniques like exercises, manual therapy, electrical stimulation and acupuncture.
Chiropractic treatment and its benefitsDrRohitGupt
Chiropractic treatment is an effective way to get relief from your pain as it helps you to lead a pain-free and healthier life. You can get the most effective and the best chiropractic treatment in Gurgaon for all your pains and aches.
The document discusses electroacupuncture (EA), which applies small electrical currents to acupuncture needles inserted at specific points. It provides an overview of the history, mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of EA for pain management based on clinical studies and research findings. EA is shown to be an effective treatment for various types of pain, including chronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, and neuropathic pain.
Spinal Cord Stimulation Dr Andrew Crockettepicyclops
1. The document discusses spinal cord stimulation service, including its history, components, mechanisms of action, indications, procedures, evidence from studies, outcomes, complications, and guidelines.
2. It provides details on the multidisciplinary team approach used, case studies, audits of outcomes that found over 50% pain relief in many patients, and complications rates of around 30-40%.
3. The document reflects on the author's experience with the multidisciplinary team approach and how working with complex patients has been an enjoyable learning experience.
Magnets are available every where. Very little people understands the healing properties of magnets. Dr. Desh Bandhu Bajpai is a medical practitioner and is using magnets for healing purposes. In this slide show , you will find the properties of magnets and other details.
The Classification of Acupuncture Points into two categories - viz., Functional and Positional - is a great effort and teamwork of Jingwell Academy India. We proudly present the Categories of Points in a logical way.
Magnetotherapy uses artificial magnetic fields to treat parts of the body. It works by exposing affected areas to magnetic fields similar to Earth's, which can increase frequency and application time. Magnetic therapy helps the body regain balance for healing. Different types of artificial magnets are used, including electro-magnets, pulsed generators, and permanent magnets. Magnetic fields have cellular effects like improving oxygen utilization and metabolism, as well as effects on organs and systems like vasodilation, analgesic effects, and autonomous nervous system impacts. Magnetotherapy can treat conditions like arthritis, back pain, and fibromyalgia, but has contraindications for things like infections, tumors, or metal implants. Treatments typically last 30 minutes to 2 hours at lower magnetic
Scientists all over the world and Clinical Evidence about beneficial effects of Acupuncture have accorded a high status to Acupuncture and this is the second mostly demanded treatment in the advanced nations.
TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) combines Acupuncture Needling with Modibustion, Cupping, Tuina Massage and Qi Gong Exercises.
Laser acupuncture: Practical guidelinesShimaa Essa
This document discusses laser acupuncture, including traditional Chinese medicine concepts, the physiological effects of needle acupuncture and low-level laser therapy, advantages of laser acupuncture over needle acupuncture, laser devices and technical considerations for laser acupuncture application. Characteristics of common laser devices include penetration depth and wavelength. Precautions include avoiding the eyes, pregnancy and certain medical conditions or medications that could interact with laser therapy.
The document discusses Dr. Rajeev Kashyap and his services for spiritual counseling and full energy sessions to help with various ailments such as migraines, insomnia, depression, toothache, constipation, and morning sickness. It provides his contact information repeated multiple times.
The document discusses acupressure and acupuncture. It defines acupressure as applying manual pressure to specific points on the body, while acupuncture involves inserting thin needles into points. The document outlines the basic principles of Chinese medicine that acupressure and acupuncture are based on, describing the flow of energy through meridian pathways and how blockages can cause illness. It provides details on administering acupressure and acupuncture treatments, their mechanisms of action, effects, instruments used, precautions, and implications for treating mental illness.
Acupressure is an ancient healing technique that uses finger pressure on key points of the body to stimulate its natural self-curative abilities. It works by releasing muscular tension and promoting blood circulation and the flow of life force energy. Some key benefits of acupressure include relieving pain, balancing the body, and maintaining good health. Su Jok acupressure specifically involves locating cure points on the hands and feet that correspond to areas of the body, and applying pressure to treat various ailments. It provides fast and marked curative effects safely and with minimal costs or training.
This document provides an overview of pain, including definitions, classifications, physiology, assessment, and management. It defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is classified based on location, duration (acute vs chronic), and intensity (mild, moderate, severe). The physiology of pain involves transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception of pain signals in the nervous system. Nurses assess pain using scales and treat it using pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods based on the type and severity of the pain.
Feel free to download and view as a presentation. Presenter's notes are highly filled with information.
Presentation used briefly to explain the basics of Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis by palpation. It includes (and mainly focuses on) pulse diagnosis, skin palpation, abdomen palpation, point palpation and limb palpation.
References cited include Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Foundations of Chinese Medicine, Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine, A Manual of Acupuncture, Pulse Diagnosis.
The correct response is to c) call the anesthesiologist for pain assessment. If the epidural is not providing adequate pain relief over time, the anesthesiologist needs to be notified to assess the epidural and make adjustments if needed. Comforting the patient without addressing the increasing pain is not appropriate care.
This document provides an introduction to acupuncture and oriental medicine from the perspective of Kyle Smith, a diplomate of oriental medicine and acupuncture. It discusses the history of oriental medicine, the foundations and modalities of Chinese medicine including acupuncture, herbal therapy, and nutritional consultation. Common ailments treated with these modalities are also listed.
This document provides information about dry needling including its definition, history, differences from acupuncture, applications, scope of practice considerations, billing, and common questions. It discusses how dry needling is performed by physical therapists to treat myofascial trigger points and musculoskeletal pain. The mechanisms of how dry needling works are explored including eliciting a local twitch response and reducing acetylcholine stores in the muscle. Evidence for dry needling's efficacy in reducing pain and improving function is summarized based on several clinical trials.
This document provides information on using acupressure for minor aches and pains. It advises that acupressure works best for minor issues but should not replace medical treatment for acute or persistent symptoms. The document lists some circumstances where acupressure is not recommended, such as during late pregnancy, with heart conditions, or before strenuous exercise. It then describes how to use the PointFinder website to look up acupressure points that may help specific pains or symptoms.
Niemann-Pick Disease Type A (NPD-A) is a genetic metabolic disorder. It is a rare disease which occurs largely in certain ethnic groups. Due to its rarity, it is difficult to diagnosis and considered untreatable by Western medicine. Based on the theory, diagnosis and therapeutic methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Pediatrics, the author has implemented a regular course of herbs, acupuncture and an over 2000 year old, Chinese baby Tuina (massage) treatments for the NPA child. This treatment plan is designed to stimulate immunity and detoxification, as well as to improve the immune, neurological and digestive systems.
This document provides a study guide for auriculotherapy, four needle technique, and extra points. It details ear anatomy and locations of points on the ear that correspond to different body systems and conditions. The four needle technique is described as a way to balance meridians based on tonifying or sedating points depending on if there is an excess or deficiency pattern. Zang and fu organ five shu points are also listed.
TCM - Traditional Chinese Medicine based on TAO philosophy had given the world 'Acupuncture' and Moxibustion which are challenging Non Invasive Energy Balancing methods, and a huge ratio of the total world population (including the advanced countries) is enjoying the benefits of this treatment. At this juncture I would share the idea that this Traditional Wisdom was present in the Sangam Literature of the South of India.
In application of this Landscape Idea (the Geographical depths of the meridians in TCM), All the experts can gain more protocols for the future treatments - I have pleasure in sharing my experiences which had given me a bigger family of my treated clients.
Ear reflexology involves massaging different parts of the ear to stimulate reflex points connected to different body parts, based on the concept of meridian pathways in traditional Chinese medicine. The ear is divided into ten regions that correspond to parts of the body. Basic self-massage techniques involve massaging the whole ear or ear lobe, while more targeted techniques use finger pressure or magnets on specific points to treat conditions like weight loss, smoking cessation, stress, insomnia, hair loss and more. Ear reflexology is considered a safe and effective treatment.
1) Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms. It is considered a central sensitization syndrome where the central nervous system amplifies sensory processing and pain perception.
2) Treatment involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies including exercise, stress management, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acupuncture. Acupuncture aims to regulate the central neurotransmitters involved in pain processing and sensory amplification associated with fibromyalgia.
3) Management of fibromyalgia requires a multimodal approach targeting symptoms like pain and fatigue, as well as underlying mechanisms of central sensitization. The goal is to improve patient function through a combination of lifestyle management and integrated medical therapies.
This document describes the 12 main meridian channels of Traditional Chinese Medicine and what ailments accessing each channel's points can help alleviate. The channels discussed are: heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pericardium, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, urinary bladder, gallbladder, and triple energizer. Each channel is associated with relieving pain and symptoms in certain parts of the body as well as diseases like headaches, coughs, abdominal issues, and more. Accessing the different meridian points through techniques like acupuncture can help address a wide range of physical and mental health problems.
The document discusses facial rejuvenation through acupuncture. It describes how acupuncture can help reduce wrinkles and signs of aging by increasing collagen production, improving muscle tone, and boosting circulation. The treatment involves inserting thin needles at specific points on the face along with techniques like electrical stimulation, herbal masks, and massage to further stimulate the skin and promote an overall youthful appearance. Regular acupuncture sessions can help minimize signs of aging and serve as a non-invasive alternative to procedures like Botox or cosmetic surgery.
This document provides an overview of acupuncture pain management from both Western and Eastern medical perspectives. It discusses several theories of how acupuncture relieves pain, such as stimulating the release of endorphins and activating nerves in the central nervous system. Clinical applications described include using acupuncture to treat headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, arthritis, and other painful conditions by needling specific points along meridians. Research findings on the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for chronic pain management are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of acupuncture pain management from both Western and Eastern medical perspectives. It discusses the scientific theories behind acupuncture including neurohumoral mechanisms, morphogenetic theory, nerve reflex theory, and the gate control theory of pain. It also explores current research on the effects of acupuncture on the brain and body. The document then reviews the clinical applications of acupuncture for various pain conditions like headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, arthritis, and back pain.
This document discusses the pathophysiology of pain. It begins with an introduction that defines pain and discusses pain perception. It then covers the pathophysiology of pain perception including transduction, transmission, modulation, and the physiological effects of pain. The document classifies pain into nociceptive, neuropathic, and referred pain, and by duration as acute or chronic. It concludes with a discussion of pain assessment methods.
1) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves delivering electricity to the brain to induce a seizure. It is a standard psychiatric treatment used to improve abnormal mental states.
2) ECT was developed in the 1930s-1940s as an alternative to inducing seizures through chemicals. It gained acceptance after Italian scientists successfully applied electricity to a patient's scalp in 1938.
3) The exact mechanisms of how ECT works are unclear but theories involve effects on neurotransmitter systems, neuroendocrine functions, anticonvulsant properties, and psychological factors. Modern ECT aims to optimize safety and efficacy.
This document provides an overview of the pathophysiology of pain. It discusses the definition of pain, pain receptors and pathways in the peripheral and central nervous systems. It describes the gate control theory of pain modulation in the spinal cord and descending pain inhibitory pathways in the brain. The document also covers physiological and psychological effects of pain, classifications of pain including nociceptive and neuropathic pain, and assessments used to evaluate pain.
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
DEFINITIONS OF PAIN
BENEFITS OF PAIN
NOCICEPTION
PAIN RECEPTORS
THEORIES OF PAIN
CHARACTERISTICS OF PAIN
PAIN PATHWAY
MECHANISM OF PAIN
PAIN ASSESSMENT
APPLIED ASPECTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Neuropathic pain is caused by damage or dysfunction in the nervous system. It is initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in either the peripheral or central nervous system. Common causes include diabetes, shingles, spinal cord injury, stroke, alcoholism and medications. This document discusses various types of neuropathic pain such as peripheral nerve damage and peripheral neuropathies. It also covers symptoms, diagnosis, examination tests and management options. The management of neuropathic pain focuses on treating underlying causes, reducing pain, improving function and quality of life. Pregabalin and gabapentin are considered first-line treatments and one study found that pregabalin was as effective as gabapentin for neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury.
Dr. V. Swarajya Lakshmi presented on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to treat severe mental illnesses. ECT involves inducing seizures in anesthetized patients using electric currents administered through electrodes placed on the head. It is effective for treating depression, mania, and schizophrenia. While its exact mechanisms are unclear, ECT is thought to impact neurotransmitter systems in the brain. It carries risks but is considered safe when properly administered. ECT remains an important treatment option for severe and treatment-resistant psychiatric conditions.
This document provides information about anatomy and physiology of the human nervous system. It discusses the purpose of understanding the nervous system which is to identify disease processes, provide care for individuals with nervous system diseases or injuries. It then describes the basic units and functions of the nervous system including neurons, sensory and motor neurons, the central and peripheral nervous systems. It discusses various parts of the brain and spinal cord as well as common nervous system disorders, their symptoms, causes and treatment options.
This document provides an overview of pain, including its definition, types, and pathway in the human body. It discusses how pain is sensed by nociceptors and transmitted through the nervous system to be perceived in the brain. Acute and chronic pain are compared, and the mechanisms of nociceptive and neuropathic pain explained. Somatic, visceral, referred, somatogenic, and psychogenic pain are defined. The neuroanatomy and physiology of pain processing through transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception are outlined in detail.
1) Entrapment neuropathies occur when nerves are injured by chronic compression, angulations, or stretching forces, causing mechanical damage. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example where the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the wrist.
2) Clinical features of entrapment neuropathies include pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and weakness in the affected area. Electrodiagnostic tests like nerve conduction studies and electromyography are important diagnostically.
3) Treatment involves conservative measures like splinting, steroid injections, and physical therapy. Surgery is considered if conservative treatment fails or for severe cases. Proper identification of the site of nerve entrapment is key to determining appropriate treatment
This document summarizes the pain pathway in the human body. It begins with an introduction to pain and its characteristics. It then discusses the different types of pain sensations conducted by different nerve fibers. It explains Gate Control Theory and the differences between somatic and visceral sensory function. It provides details on pain receptors, the pathway of sensory impulses from receptors to the brain, and examples of tooth pulp pain and referred pain. It concludes with management strategies for pain.
1. The document discusses pain pathways and management. It defines pain and describes the etiology, classification, pathophysiology involving peripheral and central mechanisms, clinical presentation, and treatment including analgesics and non-pharmacological options.
2. The pathophysiology involves sensitization of primary afferent nociceptor terminals and propagation of impulses through the ascending spinothalamic pathway and modulation by descending pathways.
3. Treatment involves a stepwise approach using NSAIDs, opioids, and non-pharmacological alternatives like acupuncture, ayurveda, yoga and meditation.
The document discusses acupuncture and provides information about its history, mechanisms, types, indications, and global recognition. It describes acupuncture as an ancient Chinese practice that treats imbalances in qi by inserting thin needles into acupuncture points. It lists types of acupuncture like moxibustion and cupping and indications like pain management. The document also provides information about the Global College of Paramedical Sciences which offers acupuncture therapy courses approved by the Tamilnadu Physical Education and Sports University.
Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder causing severe facial pain. It affects branches of the trigeminal nerve, the largest cranial nerve. The pain is usually sudden, severe, and described as electric shock-like. It is commonly triggered by trivial stimuli like talking or brushing teeth. Treatment options include medications like carbamazepine or surgery to decompress the trigeminal nerve if medications do not provide relief from pain.
This document provides an overview of neurophysiology and pharmacology concepts related to pain management. It discusses the basic pain pathways including transduction, transmission, modulation and perception. It then examines various pharmacological interventions for pain including combination analgesics, acetaminophen, diclofenac, capsaicin, local anesthetics, antiepileptic drugs, opioids like methadone, and the roles of descending pathways and endocannabinoids. Non-pharmacological approaches like menthol are also addressed. The document aims to match neurophysiology concepts with appropriate pharmacological treatments for both acute and chronic pain.
The document discusses neuropathic pain, specifically trigeminal neuralgia. It defines trigeminal neuralgia as paroxysmal attacks of intense, sharp, superficial pain affecting one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The pain is often triggered by innocuous stimuli like tooth brushing or talking. Trigeminal neuralgia is mostly idiopathic, but can occasionally be caused by underlying conditions like multiple sclerosis or tumors. The most widely accepted theory is that trigeminal neuralgia is caused by vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve root, which results in demyelination and hyperexcitability of nerve fibers.
The document provides information about electromyography (EMG), including:
1. EMG measures muscle electrical activity in response to nerve stimulation by inserting small needles into muscles. Electrodes detect activity which is displayed as waves.
2. It is used to detect neuromuscular abnormalities and indicates conditions like nerve damage, inflammation, or muscle disease. Abnormal results can show damage to axons or myelin sheaths.
3. The procedure involves inserting needles into a muscle to be tested and having the patient contract their muscle while electrical activity is measured. Normal results show no activity at rest while abnormal results show spontaneous activity or irregular contraction patterns.
Acupuncture can effectively relieve pain through various traditional Eastern and modern Western mechanisms. Eastern approaches view pain as blocked energy resolved by needles, manual therapy, or herbs to remove blockages. Western science shows acupuncture stimulates the central nervous system to release endorphins and reduce pain perception in the brain. Studies demonstrate acupuncture significantly decreases pain levels and brain activity associated with pain, with few side effects compared to medications. Acupuncture is a proven treatment that increases quality of life for those suffering from pain.
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Pharmacotherapy of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)HRITHIK DEY
This PowerPoint presentation provides an in-depth overview of the pharmacotherapy approaches for managing asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It covers the pathophysiology of these respiratory conditions, the various classes of medications used, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and the latest treatment guidelines. Designed for students, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in respiratory pharmacology, this presentation offers a comprehensive understanding of current therapeutic strategies and advancements in the field.
Mainstreaming #CleanLanguage in healthcare.pptxJudy Rees
In healthcare, every day, millions of conversations fail. They fail to cover what’s really important, fail to resolve key issues, miss the point and lead to misunderstandings and disagreements.
Clean Language is one approach that can improve things. It’s a set of precise questions – and a way of asking them – which help us all get clear on what matters, what we’d like to have happen, and what’s needed.
Around 1000 people working in healthcare have trained in Clean Language skills over the past 20+ years. People are using what they’ve learnt, in their own spheres, and share anecdotes of significant successes. But the various local initiatives have not scaled, nor connected with each other, and learning has not been widely shared.
This project, which emerged from work done by the NHS England South-West End-Of-Life Network, with help from the Q Community and especially Hesham Abdalla, aims to fix that.
Coronary Circulation and Ischemic Heart Disease_AntiCopy.pdfMedicoseAcademics
In this lecture, we delve into the intricate anatomy and physiology of the coronary blood supply, a crucial aspect of cardiac function. We begin by examining the physiological anatomy of the coronary arteries, which lie on the heart's surface and penetrate the cardiac muscle mass to supply essential nutrients. Notably, only the innermost layer of the endocardial surface receives direct nourishment from the blood within the cardiac chambers.
We then explore the specifics of coronary circulation, including the dynamics of blood flow at rest and during strenuous activity. The impact of cardiac muscle compression on coronary blood flow, particularly during systole and diastole, is discussed, highlighting why this phenomenon is more pronounced in the left ventricle than the right.
Regulation of coronary circulation is a complex process influenced by autonomic and local metabolic factors. We discuss the roles of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, emphasizing the dominance of local metabolic factors such as hypoxia and adenosine in coronary vasodilation. Concepts like autoregulation, active hyperemia, and reactive hyperemia are explained to illustrate how the heart adjusts blood flow to meet varying oxygen demands.
Ischemic heart disease is a major focus, with an exploration of acute coronary artery occlusion, myocardial infarction, and subsequent physiological changes. The lecture covers the progression from acute occlusion to infarction, the body's compensatory mechanisms, and the potential complications leading to death, such as cardiac failure, pulmonary edema, fibrillation, and cardiac rupture.
We also examine coronary steal syndrome, a condition where increased cardiac activity diverts blood flow away from ischemic areas, exacerbating the condition. The long-term impact of myocardial infarction on cardiac reserve is discussed, showing how the heart's capacity to handle increased workloads is significantly reduced.
Angina pectoris, a common manifestation of ischemic heart disease, is analyzed in terms of its causes, presentation, and referred pain patterns. We identify factors that exacerbate anginal pain and discuss both medical and surgical treatment options.
Finally, the lecture includes a case study to apply theoretical knowledge to a practical scenario, helping students understand the real-world implications of coronary circulation and ischemic heart disease. The role of biochemical factors in cardiac pain and the interpretation of ECG changes in myocardial infarction are also covered.
Ventilation Perfusion Ratio, Physiological dead space and physiological shuntMedicoseAcademics
In this insightful lecture, Dr. Faiza, an esteemed Assistant Professor of Physiology, delves into the essential concept of the ventilation-perfusion ratio (V˙/Q˙), which is fundamental to understanding pulmonary physiology. Dr. Faiza brings a wealth of knowledge and experience to the table, with qualifications including MBBS, FCPS in Physiology, and multiple postgraduate degrees in public health and healthcare education.
The lecture begins by laying the groundwork with basic concepts, explaining the definitions of ventilation (V˙) and perfusion (Q˙), and highlighting the significance of the ventilation-perfusion ratio (V˙/Q˙). Dr. Faiza explains the normal value of this ratio and its critical role in ensuring efficient gas exchange in the lungs.
Next, the discussion moves to the impact of different V˙/Q˙ ratios on alveolar gas concentrations. Participants will learn how a normal, zero, or infinite V˙/Q˙ ratio affects the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli. Dr. Faiza provides a detailed comparison of alveolar gas concentrations in these varying scenarios, offering a clear understanding of the physiological changes that occur.
The lecture also covers the concepts of physiological shunt and dead space. Dr. Faiza defines physiological shunt and explains its causes and effects on gas exchange, distinguishing it from anatomical dead space. She also discusses physiological dead space in detail, including how it is calculated using the Bohr equation. The components and significance of the Bohr equation are thoroughly explained, and practical examples of its application are provided.
Further, the lecture examines the variations in V˙/Q˙ ratios in different regions of the lung and under different conditions, such as lying versus supine and resting versus exercise. Dr. Faiza analyzes how these variations affect pulmonary function and discusses the abnormal V˙/Q˙ ratios seen in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and their clinical implications.
Finally, Dr. Faiza explores the clinical implications of abnormal V˙/Q˙ ratios. She identifies clinical conditions associated with these abnormalities, such as COPD and emphysema, and discusses the physiological and clinical consequences on respiratory function. The lecture emphasizes the importance of understanding these concepts for medical professionals and students, highlighting their relevance in diagnosing and managing respiratory conditions.
This comprehensive lecture provides valuable insights for medical students, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in respiratory physiology. Participants will gain a deep understanding of how ventilation and perfusion work together to optimize gas exchange in the lungs and how deviations from the norm can lead to significant clinical issues.
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Pe parcursul a cateva de pagini pline de informații utile și inspirație, vei descoperi:
Sfaturi practice pentru o alimentație sănătoasă:
Rețete delicioase și ușor de preparat: Bucură-te de preparate gustoase și nutritive, perfecte pentru zilele călduroase de vară.
Recomandări pentru o alimentație echilibrată: Asigură-ți aportul necesar de nutrienți esențiali pentru un organism sănătos și plin de vitalitate.
Sfaturi pentru alegeri alimentare inteligente: Învață cum să faci cumpărături sănătoase și să eviți tentațiile nesănătoase.
Trucuri pentru un stil de viață activ:
Rutine de exerciții fizice adaptate nevoilor tale: Găsește antrenamente potrivite pentru a te menține în formă și energic pe tot parcursul verii.
Idei de activități în aer liber: Descoperă modalități distractive de a te bucura de vremea frumoasă și de a petrece timp de calitate cu cei dragi.
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Why Does Seminal Vesiculitis Causes Jelly-like Sperm.pptxAmandaChou9
Seminal vesiculitis can cause jelly-like sperm. Fortunately, herbal medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can eliminate symptoms and cure the disease.
Causes Of Tooth Loss
PERIODONTAL PROBLEMS ( PERIODONTITIS, GINIGIVITIS)
Systemic Causes Of Tooth Loss
1. Diabetes Mellitus
2. Female Sexual Hormones Condition
3. Hyperpituitarism
4. Hyperthyroidism
5. Primary Hyperparathyroidism
6. Osteoporosis
7. Hypophosphatasia
8. Hypophosphatemia
Causes Of Tooth Loss
CARIES/ TOOTH DECAY
Causes Of Tooth Loss
CAUSES OF TOOTH LOSS
Consequence of tooth loss
Anatomic
Loss of ridge volume both height and width
Bone loss :
mandible > maxilla
Posteriorly > anteriorly
Anatomic consequences
Broader mandibular arch with constricting maxilary arch
Attached gingiva is replaced with less keratinised oral mucosa which is more readily traumatized.
Anatomic consequences
Tipping of the adjacent teeth
Supraeruption of the teeth
Traumatic occlusion
Premature occlusal contact
Anatomic Consequences
Anatomic Consequences
Physiologic consequences
Physiologic Consequences
Decreased lip support
Decreased lower facial height
Physiologic Consequences
Physiologic consequences
Education of Patient
Diagnosis, Treatment Planning, Design, Treatment, Sequencing, and Mouth Preparation
Support for Distal Extension Denture Bases
Establishment and Verification of Occlusal Relations and Tooth Arrangements
Initial Placement Procedures
Periodic Recall
Education of Patient
Informing a patient about a health matter to
secure informed consent.
Patient education should begin at the initial
contact with the patient and should continue throughout treatment.
The dentist and the patient share responsibility for the ultimate success of a removable partial denture.
This educational procedure is especially important when the treatment plan and prognosis are discussed with the patient.
Diagnosis, Treatment Planning, Design, Treatment, Sequencing, and Mouth Preparation
Begin with thorough medical and dental histories.
The complete oral examination must include both clinical and radiographic interpretation of:
caries
the condition of existing restorations
periodontal conditions
responses of teeth (especially abutment teeth) and residual ridges to previous stress
The vitality of remaining teeth
Continued…..
Occlusal plan evaluation
Arch form
Evaluation of Occlusal relationship through mounting the diagnostic cast
The dental cast surveyor is an absolute necessity in which patients are being treated with removable partial dentures.
Mouth preparations, in the appropriate sequence, should be oriented toward the goal of
providing adequate support, stability,
retention, and
a harmonious occlusion for the partial denture.
Support for Distal Extension Denture Bases
A base made to fit the anatomic ridge form does not provide adequate support under occlusal loading.
The base may be made to fit the form of the ridge when under function.
Support for Distal Extension Denture Bases
This provides support
1. Pain Management by Acupuncture Continue Education Course of @Advanced Acupuncture, Inc. 2007
2. Acupuncture Pain Management Part I: Theory Overview of scientific bases of acupuncture Mechanisms of pain management Current researches and clinical trials Pain Scores and evaluation methods
3. Scientific Bases of Acupuncture Neurohumoral Morphogenetic Nerve Reflex Theory The gate control theory of pain Endorphin
4. Neuro-humoral Approach Peripheral nervous system to be crucial in mediating the acupuncture analgesia Meridian-Cortex-Viscera correlation hypothesis
5. Neurohumoral Approach Acupoint-brain-organ Acupuncture stimulates to brain cortex and nerve system, then control the chemical or hormone release to the disordered organs.
6. Morphogenetic Theory Shang C. China, 1989 Acupuncture points are singular points in surface bioelectric field The role of electric field in growth control and morphogenesis Organizing centers have high electric conductance Acupuncture points originate from organizing centers
7. Nerve Reflex Theory -Ishikawa and Fujita et al, Japan, 1950s Autonomic nervous system extending thru the internal organs Viscera-mutinous reflex Cutanous –Viscera reflex Acupuncture utilize these reflexes for restoring the homeostasis of the body and acceralate the healing process.
8. The Gate Control Theory Drs Melzack and Wall, 1965 Model for acupuncture pain relief Specific nerve fibers that transmit pain to the spinal cord (substantia gelatinous) Balance between Stimulation & inhibitory fibers Short term block pain by acupuncture ( did not explain the prolong effect)
9. Endorphin Theory Dr. Pomeranz, Canada, 1996 Natural Morphine Acupuncture trigger the release of endorphin into the central nervous system Only deal with pain Corticoids and Substance P also released along with endorphin
11. Acupuncture Mechanisms of Action Conduction of electromagnetic signals Activation of opioids systems Changes in brain chemistry-release of neurotransmitters and neurohormones.
13. Meridian-Cortex-Viscera Correlation Hypothesis 1. The meridian system is and connected the nervous system to the cerebral cortex. 2. It acts through neurohumoral mechanisms 3. Acu-point-Brain-organ model: stimulates the brain cortex/nervous system, then controlling the chemical or hormone release to the disordered organs for treatment.
14. Morphogenetic Singularity Theory Acupuncture points are singular points in surface bioelectric field Converging points of surface current for change in electric current flow. Abrupt transition from one state to another. Eg: BaiHui (Du 20)
15. Physical characteristics of the acupuncture points-WHO Points are corresponds to the high electrical conductance points on the body surface High density of gap junctions at the epithelia of the acupuncture points. Gap junctions are hexagonal proteins that facilitate intercellular communication and increase electric conductivity.
16. Research on Auricular points WHO found 43 points have proven therapeutic value Therapeutic effect can be achieved by needling, temperature variation, laser, ultrasound, and pressure.
17. Effects of Acupuncture on the Brain UCI-Use functional MRI to investigate the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia Stimulates Li 4 revealed activation of visual cortex. Needling Tin Hui revealed auditory cortex activation
19. Why acupuncture has fewer side effects? May indirect adjust the process and restore normal function by activating the network of organizing centers in the organism The activation of the self-organizing activity is less likely to cause the side effects resulted from directly antagonizing a pathological process which often overlap with other normal and beneficial physiological processes.
20. The role of electric field in growth control and morphogenesis Enhanced cell growth toward cathode and reduced cell growth toward anode in electric fields of physiological strength Fast growing cells tend to have relative negativity polarity. The polarity is due to the increased negative membrane potential generated by mitochondria at high rate of energy metabolism
21. Efficacy, effective, safety and costs of acupuncture for chronic pain Evaluated 304,674 patients over 10,000 physicians and received 10+ acupuncture for pain Results: acupuncture was an effective and safe treatment The effects attributed to specific or nonspecific mechanisms and depend on the diagnosis-results a large research initiative.
22. Mechanisms of acupuncture for Pain relief Polymodal receptors (PMRs) in the acupuncture points are sensitized for the immediate action. Action mediated by endogenous opioids Potent stimulus for activating the analgesic systems
23. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Acupuncture -Dr.D. Kendall, 1980 Inserting a needle provokes an acute defensive inflammatory response Afferent nociceptive (pain) neurons distribute to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord Trigger the gamma loop efferent in the ventral horn and activate neurons that cross over the spinal cord to the brain Activate somatic motor nerves To muscles, and autonomic motor nerves to peripheral blood vessels and to the internal organs
24. Acupuncture Pain Management Part II: Clinical applications Differential diagnosis and treatment for Headache & migraines, Trigeminal neuralgia, Carpal Tunnel Syndromes, Arthritis, Neck pain, Fibromyalgia, lumbago and sciatic neuralgia.
25. Etiology of Headache Blood Vessels that become dilated enlarged or constricted Muscles in the neck and head become tight or tense Muscles around the eyes the become strained due to overwork Sinuses became swollen due to allergies or infections Nerves that transmit abnormal pain signals Joints in the jaw and neck are overused or damaged.
26. Types of Headache - Western Medicine Vascular headache (Migraines) Muscle contraction headache Combined vascular & muscle contraction headache Headache of nasal vasomotor reactions Headache of delusional conversion or hypochondriacal states
27. Migraine Headache Classic Migraine Common migraine Cluster headache Hemiplegic and ophthalmoplegic migraine Lower half headache
29. TCM Classification of headache Headache due to invasion of pathogenic wind into the channels and collateral: Headache occurs often, especially on exposure to wind. The pain may extend to the nape of the neck and back region. Tongue white coating, pulse floating
30. TCM Classification of headache 2. Headache due to upsurge of liver-yang: Headache distension of the head, irritability, hot temper, dizziness, blurred vision, Tongue red with thin and yellow coating Pulse thin wiry and rapid.
31. TCM Classification of headache 3. Headache due to deficiency of qi and blood: Lingering headache, dizziness, blurred vision, lassitude, pale complexion Tongue pale with thin white coating’ Pulse thin and thread
32. Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) Causation:-blood vessels compressing the Trigeminal nerve root as it enters the brain stem Peripheral pathology-neurovas compression Central pathology- hyperactivity of the trigeminal nerve nucleus
33. Classifications of TN Western Medicine: Typical Atypical Pre-TN MS-related TN Secondary or tumor related TN neuropathy Post traumatic TN Eastern Medicine Pathogenic wind and cold Ascending of Liver and stomach fire Deficiency heat due to liver yin deplete Damp/heat or damp cold accumulation
34. TN-Pathogenic Wind & Cold Clinical manifestation: Acute onset Usually affects V1 sensory Aversion of wind & cold or aggravated by Pain like cutting, boring and electric shock but transient ( few minutes)s Wind cold or wind heat symptoms
35. Tx-TN Pathogenic wind & cold Acupuncture: Yang bai, (GB14) Taiyang, (extra) Zan Zhu (Bl 2) Wai guan (SJ5) He Gu (Li 4) Herbal formula: Jin Fang Bai du San plus Ginger
36. TMJ-Tempro mandibular joint Dysfunction syndrome Symptoms: Grinding teeth, Joint pain, Headache Ringing in the ears Unable to open his or her month wide or hear a “pop” upon opening
37. TN-acupuncture treatment Li 3 or Li 4 plus Temporal branch: Taiyang, G 3 & G 14 Maxillary branch: G1, St2, SI18, and ST3 Mandibular branch: St6, St 5, and G2
41. Osteoarthritis Arthritis due to destruction of the cartilage, bone and ligaments Causing deformity of the joints Damage to the joints can occur early in the disease and be progressive
42. Rheumatoid Arthritis Auto-immune disease Chronic inflammation of the tissue around joints , organ and body Body tissues attacked by own antibodies in the blood level which causes inflammation. Women to men: 3:1
43. Osteoarthritis 90% of arthritis Destruction of the cartilage, bone and ligaments causing deformity of the joints Damage to the joints can be progressive
45. Principle Acupuncture Points for Arthritis Metatarsophala-ngeal joints : Sp 4, B 65, G 38, Sp 5 Ankle joints: ST 41, T 40, K3, B50, G 35 K8 Knee joints: St 34,St 36, Sp 9, G 34 Hip joints: G30, G 29, G34, G39 Hip joints: G 30, G 29, G34, G39 Sacroiliac Joints: B 27, B28 Lumbosacra Joints: GV3, B30, B 25, B40 B 60 Lumbar spinal joints: Huatuoparaspinal acupoints, UB37 and UB 40 Wrist & joints: T5, Li 10., LI. 4 Elbow joints: Li 11, T10, Li 4 Shoulder joints: LI 15, T14, SI 11, T3,G 34 Temporo-mandibular ST7, SI 19, T 17, Li 4
46.
47. Causation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Painful neuropathies of the hand and wrist are from nerve compression, most often compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel.
50. Diagnosis of CTS Numbing pain in the distribution of the median nerve but not limited to it. Phalen’s sign positive Tinel’s sign positive Light touch/vibratory touch positive Muscle weakness and atrophy EMG: slowed conduction velocity across the CT.
51. Etiology of CTS Median nerve compression by tendonitis Usually due to repetitive motion of the wrist and hands.
55. Rotator Cuff Syndrome Principle acupuncture points Li15 Si 11 T14 Li 16 Li12 Li4 L 7 L 9 T 9 T 4
56. DX of Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) History of tennis elbow use Pain just distal to the prominence of the lateral epicondyle Radiological study negative
62. Low Back Pain-MRI Imaging study to evaluate the entire lumbar bones, discs, soft tissues and nerves. CT, myelography, and discography use to complement MRI
64. Referred and Interactive Low Back Pain The frequent referral of “ somatic pain into the limbs Cause of the cause: Identify the source of symptoms. Make realistic prognosis based on the stage, severity, stability and irritability of the dysfunction
68. Traumatic Injury-Brain-TBI Clinical manifestations: Altered mental status Communication disorders Emotional and psychitric disorders Related paralysis or paresthesia Dx: Refer to physician for further investigation.
72. Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia Widespread aching > 3 months Skin roll tenderness & hyperemia Disturbed sleep with morning fatigue and stiffness Absence of lab. Evidence of inflammation or muscle damage Bilateral tender points in at least 6 areas.