Node-RED is a visual tool for wiring together hardware devices, APIs and online services to build IoT applications. It uses a flow-based programming model where inputs enter "nodes" that perform actions and output results to other nodes. While most programming is done visually using pre-defined nodes, additional functionality can be added through JavaScript. The document provides steps to create simple flows in Node-RED that inject data, pass it through functions, and output results to the debug panel or Twitter. This includes creating a flow to request live UK electricity consumption data from a website every 5 minutes and tweet the results.