The document discusses the history and development of written communication. It begins by explaining how writing evolved from economic necessities in ancient civilizations, where clay tokens were used and eventually developed into written documents like cuneiform. The document then outlines three stages in the progression of written communication: 1) pictograms, 2) writing on materials like paper and parchment with common alphabets, and 3) electronic communication using controlled waves and signals. It also discusses advantages like creating permanent records, and disadvantages such as being time-consuming. Common etiquettes for effective written communication are presented, including focusing on format, structuring content, ensuring connectivity, and being sensitive to the audience.
The document discusses the seven C's of effective communication: Correctness, Clarity, Conciseness, Completeness, Consideration, Concreteness, and Courtesy. Each C is defined and guidelines are provided for how to incorporate that quality into messages to make communication effective. Correctness means using the appropriate language and style for the intended receiver. Clarity demands using simple language and structure so the meaning is easy to grasp. Conciseness means avoiding unnecessary words and being brief but complete. Completeness means including all necessary details to achieve the desired response. Consideration means seeing things from the receiver's perspective. Concreteness means using specific facts and vivid language rather than vagueness. Courtesy means being polite,
This document discusses various aspects of communication skills, including:
- Defining communication and outlining the communication process.
- Describing types (verbal, non-verbal), levels (intrapersonal, small group, etc.), and barriers of communication.
- Explaining the difference between hearing and listening and how to overcome communication barriers.
- Providing tips for effective communication including instructions, body language, cultural sensitivity, and summarization.
Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another. It involves the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver through an agreed-upon channel. The communication process consists of a sender encoding a message and selecting a channel to transmit it through, the receiver decoding the message, and the receiver providing feedback to the sender. Effective communication is a two-way process of sharing information and building understanding between individuals.
,
business communication
,
formal communication
,
informal communication
,
verbal communication
,
non verbal communication
,
communication
,
methods of communication
,
barriers to communication
This document discusses business communication and mass communication. It defines communication as the transfer of information between people. Business communication differs from other types in its objectives. The communication process involves a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. Mass communication relates to disseminating information to large audiences via newspapers, magazines, radio, television, film, and the internet. It also discusses forms of mass communication like print media, broadcasting, mobile, films, radio, and advertisements.
The document discusses formal and informal channels of communication within organizations. Formal communication refers to sharing official information according to prescribed patterns depicted in organizational charts, flowing downwards with instructions and upwards with reports. Informal communication deviates from formal structures through the grapevine, which spreads unofficial information quickly but inaccurately. While the grapevine cannot be controlled, organizations can address it by providing open communication and information to employees to prevent rumors. Both formal and informal channels are important for information sharing and coordination in organizations.
Communication involves the transmission of information from one person to another through both verbal and non-verbal means. It is a two-way process that allows for the sharing of information and understanding between individuals. The key components of the communication process are the message, sender, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, and noise. Effective communication relies on clear encoding and decoding of messages between a sender and receiver, with feedback to confirm understanding and address any issues caused by noise in the channel.
Communication & presentation skills training course duration 12hrs in 2days , advanced course Video & assignment embedded for mid-level career or management level.
Our business writing skills presentation gives some simple but powerful tips on making your writing interesting and impactful. Effective business writing skills can enhance your productivity dramatically.
The document discusses effective writing skills training topics such as developing good reading strategies, creating powerful presentations, organizing thoughts, structuring sentences and paragraphs, and writing to engage readers. It provides tips for effective business writing including being terse, clear, and to the point. Specific tips include getting to the point, being concise, using paragraphs and lists, choosing the right tone, and avoiding errors through proofreading. Contact information is given for training consultants.
This document provides an overview of written business communication. It discusses the importance and limitations of written communication, as well as principles of effective writing. It also describes common forms of business correspondence like memos and letters. Additionally, it outlines the writing process and provides tips for clear writing. Finally, it discusses different types of business messages, including good news, bad news, and persuasive messages, and provides guidelines for writing each type effectively.
Effective communication requires understanding emotions and combining skills like listening, managing stress, and recognizing emotions. It involves verbal and non-verbal communication to share ideas and information between people. Key aspects of effective communication include listening attentively, using body language and tone, managing stress through deep breathing, and increasing emotional awareness to improve relationships and problem-solving. Effective communication is important for organizations as it helps share information, build understanding, and manage change.
Communication is defined as the exchange of thoughts, messages, information or ideas between two or more people. It is an essential process that facilitates coordination, planning, decision-making and leadership within an organization. Effective communication helps boost employee morale and motivation by creating understanding, resolving conflicts and building confidence. However, communication must follow certain principles like clarity, adequacy, consistency, integration and economy to be effective. It is also important to obtain feedback and establish proper communication networks and channels that draw attention. Adhering to these principles makes the communication process more efficient and helps improve organizational performance and human relations.
The document discusses the importance of effective communication and listening skills, outlining various barriers to communication like noise, language problems, non-verbal distractions, and faking attention that can hamper the listening process, as well as providing tips on improving listening abilities such as increasing your listening span and focusing on fully understanding the speaker's message rather than just the words.
Effective communication is important for organizations to learn new skills, become more responsive to customers, and improve products and services. Communication involves transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver through a medium. It is a two-way process that includes feedback to ensure understanding. Choosing an appropriate communication medium depends on factors like information richness, need for documentation, and whether feedback is required. Managers must develop strong communication skills as both senders and receivers of information to be effective leaders.
This document discusses oral and written communication. It defines communication as the exchange of information through speech, signals, writing or behavior. Both oral and written communication have benefits and drawbacks. Oral communication allows for immediate feedback but lacks documentation, while written communication has permanence but is more time-consuming. Nonverbal communication involves body language, gestures and facial expressions to help interpret messages. Effective communication, whether oral, written or nonverbal, is important for expressing ideas and fulfilling goals.
Communication is the sharing of ideas, concepts, feelings and emotions between a sender and receiver. It is a two-way process involving a message from the sender to the receiver, and feedback from the receiver back to the sender. While words account for only 7% of communication, tone, volume and other non-verbal cues like body language, facial expressions and movements account for 55% or more. Effective communication aims to avoid misunderstandings through understanding both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication, as well as overcoming barriers like noise, assumptions and emotions.
The document provides an agenda for a presentation on driving efficiency through effective communications and networking. The agenda covers 7 topics: 1) achieving success through business communications, 2) mastering team skills and interpersonal communications, 3) communicating in a diverse world, 4) communications for effective change management, 5) planning business messages effectively, 6) increasing efficiency through social media, and 7) a question and answer session. Each topic section outlines key points about improving communications and networking within a business to increase efficiency.
The document discusses effective business writing skills and communication. It covers the importance of writing, different types of business documents, the writing process, considerations for writing, common errors to avoid, and provides tips for improving writing skills. It analyzes the company's current level of written communication, noting that while staff are strong technically, they need more training in written business communication. Improving these skills will enhance employees' careers.
Advantages and disadvantages of written communicationYaseen Anwar
The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of written communication. Some key advantages are that written communication allows information to be preserved permanently, presents complex topics easily, and provides an accurate record. However, disadvantages include that it is more expensive and time-consuming than oral communication, cannot be used with illiterate people, and lacks flexibility. Written communication also causes delays in responses and decision-making.
Feedback is an essential process for improvement where the output or effect of an action is communicated to modify the next action. It occurs through dialogue reflecting how one's behavior is seen by others and is important for regulatory mechanisms like education and the economy to work. Feedback is valuable for employees as it identifies strengths and weaknesses, allows checking of assumptions, and prevents false assessments if handled properly. There are different types of feedback including motivational, developmental, constructive, intrinsic, and extrinsic feedback. Principles for effective feedback include focusing on observable behaviors, giving it privately, and suggesting alternative behaviors.
Oral communication allows for immediate clarification through natural voice tones and variations, but has disadvantages like lack of a record and limitations of human memory. Written communication provides precision through use of words, graphics, and reports transmitted electronically, but lacks the dynamic feedback of oral exchanges. Both methods have advantages and limitations depending on the context and purpose of the message.
Oral communication describes any interaction that uses spoken words to convey a message. It has several advantages like being more time efficient and allowing for immediate feedback and clarification. However, it also has limitations such as messages not being retained for long and the inability to take back words once spoken. Effective oral communication requires clear pronunciation, brevity, precision, conviction and choosing appropriate words and register for the audience. It can be improved by reading, listening, and practicing speaking in different situations. Common types include face-to-face interactions, video conferencing, telephone calls, presentations, interviews and group discussions.
Oral communication involves direct face-to-face interactions between two or more individuals to share meaning. Interpersonal communication is the process of gathering sensory information from others and deriving meaning from it, while small group communication refers to interpersonal exchanges within groups of 3-20 working together towards a common goal. Public speaking is an oral communication process where one individual addresses others in a structured way to inform, influence, or entertain the audience.
Oral communication refers to communication through speech including conversations, presentations, lectures, and speeches. It allows for direct interaction and feedback which helps build rapport. Some advantages are that it is more transparent than written communication, allows for flexibility, and is more time efficient. However, oral communication can also lead to misunderstandings if not done attentively and lacks permanence compared to written records. Successful oral communication requires clarity, developing trust, overcoming barriers, and incorporating feedback.
Effective Writing Communication Lesson Plandaly_uprh
The lesson plan aimed to teach first grade students about Saint Valentine's Day through various activities. [1] The students would identify vocabulary words related to Saint Valentine's Day from coloring pages. [2] They were then asked to write a simple three-word sentence to describe their coloring page. [3] The lesson integrated Spanish, art, listening/speaking, reading, and writing standards and was intended to motivate students and help them practice basic writing skills.
The document discusses best practices for writing business memos and emails. It provides guidelines on memo and email format, including headers, subject lines, and structure. It emphasizes keeping communications clear, concise, and tailored to the intended audience. The document also differentiates between formal and informal communication styles and advises treating all workplace correspondence professionally.
The document discusses different types of communication including oral, written, and non-verbal communication. It provides details on the attributes of good oral communication such as voice modulation and clarity. Examples of oral communication include face-to-face interactions, telephone calls, and group settings like meetings and presentations. Written communication allows for ready reference, legal documentation, and mass distribution but can be time-consuming and lack immediate feedback. Both oral and written communication have advantages and disadvantages for business use.
This document discusses the various types of official correspondence used in government offices and organizations. It describes 14 different types including official letters, demi-official letters, memorandums, office memorandums, office orders, notifications, resolutions, press communiques, noting on files, endorsements, and inter-departmental communications. Each type is used for a specific purpose and has distinct features regarding format, tone, and how addresses and names are included. Official correspondence provides a formal way for government entities and offices to exchange information, suggestions, and orders in writing.
This presentation plan outlines the key elements and structure of an effective presentation. It recommends beginning with an introduction that provides basic information, explaining the topics to be discussed, talking through main points while engaging the audience to keep their interest, developing ideas, and concluding by not simply reading from notes but speaking clearly, making eye contact, using confident body language, and carefully planning the presentation.
The document discusses important skills for effective writing. It emphasizes that writing allows communication to a broad audience and choosing an appropriate format and tone based on the audience is key. The composition process should include outlining, following the AIDA structure of attracting and engaging the reader, and considering the audience's perspective. Effective structure incorporates headings, lists and other formatting to enhance readability. Proper grammar, spelling and proofreading are also important to ensure quality writing that is free from errors.
The document discusses various digital communication methods, their abbreviations or acronyms, and their common uses. E-mail, discussion boards, instant messaging, podcasting, SMS, blogs, the iPhone, webOS phones, and BlackBerry smartphones are all outlined with a focus on how they enable communication through features like messaging, posting questions, sharing files and ideas, and connecting with others online or through mobile networks in real-time.
The document provides guidance on writing effective business correspondence, including:
- Keep correspondence short and focused on the recipient
- Avoid negative writing and speak to individuals directly about any criticisms
- Re-read correspondence before sending to catch any errors or issues
- Common types of business letters include enquiry letters, quotation letters, order letters, and complaint letters
- Enquiry letters request information, quotation letters provide requested information, order letters place orders, and complaint letters address issues with products or services
The document outlines best practices for different types of business correspondence.
Cultural differences should be dealt with respectfully during communication. Group discussions are most effective when members take turns contributing ideas to keep the conversation on topic and ensure everyone understands what is being discussed. Effective communication relies on allowing all members to play to their strengths while maintaining confidence and actively including others.
The document outlines principles of effective business writing, including accuracy, brevity, and clarity. It emphasizes using correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and word choice. Business writing should be concise yet clear. It should avoid biases and write from the reader's perspective using everyday language at an appropriate level of formality for the intended audience.
Effective writing is clear, accurate, concise writing that has a logical flow of ideas. The key elements of effective writing are brevity, simplicity, clarity, rhythm, sound, revision, communication, reading, emphasis, honesty, and passion. Writing is the primary way one's work and intellect will be judged, as it makes thinking visible and equips people with communication and thinking skills needed to effectively participate and evaluate arguments while anticipating readers' needs.
Written communication needs to be informal and conversational in style. It should have the potential to be used for giving and accepting information, making and answering complaints, as well as maintaining relations with customers and members of the public.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
This document outlines principles for effective business writing including orienting writing towards the receiver, using short simple vocabulary and specific words, preferring active voice over passive voice, using action verbs, being brief with short sentences rather than long complex ones, avoiding gender biased words, proper sentence design with flow between sentences and paragraphs, consistency, continuity and linkages, and properly allocating space for attachments, appendixes and annexures.
Written communication is an important skill that has evolved over thousands of years. It allows information to be stored and shared across distances and time. Effective written communication requires clarity, structure, appropriate tone and style for the intended audience. Key considerations include organization, grammar, vocabulary choice, format and ensuring the audience can easily understand the message.
Written and oral communication are both important skills for business. Written communication provides a permanent record but is time-consuming, while oral communication allows for interaction but lacks permanence. To develop effective communication skills, it is important to consider the audience, choose an appropriate tone, and convey information clearly and concisely. Both written and oral communication have advantages and disadvantages for business situations.
The document discusses a student's reflections on learning about interpersonal communication in a course. The student learned about what interpersonal communication involves, how to better communicate with people from other cultures, and became more self-aware of how they perceive and present themselves. The student also gained a better understanding of processing and analyzing the meanings of messages being sent and received.
This document discusses communication skills and barriers to effective communication. It begins by defining communication and its key components: a sender, message, and recipient. It then outlines various methods of communication, including verbal, non-verbal, and visual. Specific types like verbal, non-verbal, and their advantages and disadvantages are explained in more detail. The communication cycle and various barriers like semantic, psychological, organizational, and cultural barriers are also covered. The document emphasizes that effective communication is important for building relationships and conveying ideas clearly.
Communication skills ppt by naveen tokasNAVEEN TOKAS
The document discusses different types of communication. It begins by defining communication and explaining that communication can be both oral and written. It then provides details on the purpose of communication in business contexts. The document also discusses the history and meaning of both written and oral communication. It explains some of the key advantages and disadvantages of each type. Overall, the document provides an overview of both written and oral communication, their purposes, and some factors to consider with each.
Business communication has evolved alongside shifts in politics and economic systems over history. Early human communication began with the development of speech around 500,000 BCE and use of symbols around 30,000 BCE. Writing and printing were major innovations that improved the range and longevity of information sharing.
Effective business communication is objective, concise, and uses clear technical language and formats to accurately convey ideas and information. The 7 C's of effective communication are clarity, consideration of the recipient, concreteness, accuracy, creativity, conciseness, correctness, and credibility.
There are four main types of business writing: instructional writing to complete tasks, informational writing for reference, persuasive writing to influence decisions, and transactional writing for
This book contains five chapters which deals with the following topics: Report as a Form of Communication, The Structural Contents of a Report, Tables in a Report, Graphs and Charts Use in Reports and Log and Interrupted Scale. Statistical report writing is part of the curriculum of HND Statistics and First Degree Statistics. It is therefore necessary to have a book of this nature to help young researchers in this area of study (ie statistics) to get a guide in this course in other to know how to report their statistical findings. This book can also be very helpful to new (first time) researchers.
The document discusses the digitalization of business communication and messages. It begins by looking at the characteristics of digital communication versus analog communication. Digitization has influenced how business messages are transmitted by allowing for integration of different media like video calls and more interactive experiences. The digital transformation has led to clearer communication over longer distances at lower costs. Overall, the document analyzes how the shift from analog to digital has changed business communication.
This document discusses the concept of communication and its elements. It defines communication as the exchange of information between individuals through symbols. The key elements of communication are the sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, barriers/noise, context, and communication system. It also discusses the various means of communication including verbal, non-verbal, written, radio, television, telephone, and internet. Finally, it discusses the implications of communication for human beings, including how it facilitates spreading of knowledge and formation of relationships.
The document discusses communication and its various aspects. It defines communication and its key elements - the sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding and feedback. It describes different types of communication like oral, written, intrapersonal and interpersonal. It also discusses the barriers to communication like physical, organizational, semantic and individual barriers. Finally, it provides tips to overcome communication barriers like clarifying ideas, being aware of the receiver's needs, consulting others and selecting the proper communication channel.
Communication is the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information through various means such as speech, writing, visuals, signals, or behavior. It requires a sender, a message, and a recipient, though communication can occur across distances in space and time. Effective communication aims to create shared understanding between communicating parties and can be undermined by several barriers such as message overload, complex language, and faults in communication systems.
This document provides an overview of communication and the key elements of the communication process. It discusses the importance of developing strong written communication skills for both personal and professional purposes. The main elements of communication include a sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, and context. For communication to be effective, the sender must consider the message, audience, and how the message may be received. The document also outlines some best practices for written communication, such as planning, writing, and editing, as well as common pitfalls to avoid like confusing language, verbosity, poor sentence structure, and information overload.
This document provides an overview of business communication, including definitions of communication, the communication process, types of communication, and principles of effective communication. It discusses verbal and nonverbal communication, formal and informal communication, one-way and two-way communication models, and intrapersonal and interpersonal communication. The key elements of communication, such as the sender, message, channel, receiver, encoding, decoding, feedback, and noise are also defined.
Communication takes many forms, including verbal, non-verbal, written, and visual. Verbal communication includes language, sounds, and tone of voice. Non-verbal communication conveys messages through body language and facial expressions. Written communication shares information through written words. Visual communication uses images, graphics, and other visual elements. Effective communication requires understanding the audience, and following principles such as clarity, conciseness, completeness, organization, empathy, and flexibility. It also involves communicating ethically by respecting others and the truth.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION LECTURE #1.pptxAbigailPanes1
This document outlines the key concepts from a lecture on communication. It discusses that communication involves sharing meaning between people using verbal and non-verbal means. An effective 3-unit course on communication develops students' competence in communicating appropriately to multicultural audiences globally or locally through multimodal tasks. It teaches students to evaluate texts critically and convey responsible messages while emphasizing language and images' power of impact. The document also defines communication, effective communication, and covers forms of communication, audience analysis, principles of effective communication including clarity, conciseness, completeness, organization, empathy, and flexibility.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION LECTURE #1.pptxAbigailPanes1
This 3-unit communication course develops students' communication skills through multimodal tasks that allow them to communicate effectively in multicultural contexts. The course objectives include describing verbal and non-verbal communication, explaining how culture affects communication, evaluating texts critically, and summarizing academic principles. Key concepts covered include the definition of communication, what makes communication effective, forms of communication such as verbal and non-verbal, and principles for effective communication like clarity, conciseness, completeness, organization, empathy, and flexibility.
Written and oral communication are both important skills for business. Written communication is common in business and important for maintaining records, while oral communication is vital for interactions. Effective communication, both written and oral, requires being clear, concise, relevant and informative for the intended audience. Skills like listening, public speaking, and presenting information in an organized manner are important for business communication.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS.pptxMFinlayMatunda
The document discusses communication skills and public relations. It begins by defining communication and explaining that communication involves ensuring the message reaches the intended audience and they understand it appropriately. It then provides definitions of communication from various scholars, emphasizing that communication is a process of transmitting meaning. The document outlines several principles of effective communication, including correctness, clarity, consistency, coherence, concreteness, conciseness, courtesy and completeness. It discusses the role of information technology in communication and effects on productivity. Finally, it explains the basic components and process of communication.
This document discusses communication skills and provides an overview of verbal and non-verbal communication. It begins with an introduction to communication and defines it as sending or receiving ideas from one person to another so they understand the same way. It then discusses the history of communication, noting that speech developed 200,000 years ago and writing 7,000 years ago. The document outlines the communication process and covers types of communication including verbal, which uses words, and non-verbal, which conveys 55% of the message through body language, tone of voice 38% and words 7%. It provides examples of positive non-verbal communication and cues to effectively communicate.
Benchmarking Sustainability: Neurosciences and AI Tech Research in Macau - Ke...Alvaro Barbosa
In this talk we will review recent research work carried out at the University of Saint Joseph and its partners in Macao. The focus of this research is in application of Artificial Intelligence and neuro sensing technology in the development of new ways to engage with brands and consumers from a business and design perspective. In addition we will review how these technologies impact resilience and how the University benchmarks these results against global standards in Sustainable Development.
Lecture Notes Unit4 Chapter13 users , roles and privilegesMurugan146644
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in RDBMS, offering a structured approach to understanding databases in the context of modern computing. PDF content is prepared from the text book Learn Oracle 8I by JOSE A RAMALHO.
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : USERS, Roles and Privileges
In Oracle databases, users are individuals or applications that interact with the database. Each user is assigned specific roles, which are collections of privileges that define their access levels and capabilities. Privileges are permissions granted to users or roles, allowing actions like creating tables, executing procedures, or querying data. Properly managing users, roles, and privileges is essential for maintaining security and ensuring that users have appropriate access to database resources, thus supporting effective data management and integrity within the Oracle environment.
Sub-Topic :
Definition of User, User Creation Commands, Grant Command, Deleting a user, Privileges, System privileges and object privileges, Grant Object Privileges, Viewing a users, Revoke Object Privileges, Creation of Role, Granting privileges and roles to role, View the roles of a user , Deleting a role
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
URL for previous slides
chapter 8,9 and 10 : https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/lecture_notes_unit4_chapter_8_9_10_rdbms-for-the-students-affiliated-by-alagappa-university/270123800
Chapter 11 Sequence: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/sequnces-lecture_notes_unit4_chapter11_sequence/270134792
Chapter 12 View : https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/rdbms-lecture-notes-unit4-chapter12-view/270199683
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of RDBMS as of 2024.
Codeavour 5.0 International Impact Report - The Biggest International AI, Cod...Codeavour International
Unlocking potential across borders! 🌍✨ Discover the transformative journey of Codeavour 5.0 International, where young innovators from over 60 countries converged to pioneer solutions in AI, Coding, Robotics, and AR-VR. Through hands-on learning and mentorship, 57 teams emerged victorious, showcasing projects aligned with UN SDGs. 🚀
Codeavour 5.0 International empowered students from 800 schools worldwide to tackle pressing global challenges, from bustling cities to remote villages. With participation exceeding 5,000 students, this year's competition fostered creativity and critical thinking among the next generation of changemakers. Projects ranged from AI-driven healthcare innovations to sustainable agriculture solutions, each addressing local and global issues with technological prowess.
The journey began with a collective vision to harness technology for social good, as students collaborated across continents, guided by mentors and educators dedicated to nurturing their potential. Witnessing the impact firsthand, teams hailing from diverse backgrounds united to code for a better future, demonstrating the power of innovation in driving positive change.
As Codeavour continues to expand its global footprint, it not only celebrates technological innovation but also cultivates a spirit of collaboration and compassion. These young minds are not just coding; they are reshaping our world with creativity and resilience, laying the groundwork for a sustainable and inclusive future. Together, they inspire us to believe in the limitless possibilities of innovation and the profound impact of young voices united by a common goal.
Read the full impact report to learn more about the Codeavour 5.0 International.
2. One of the best methods to communicate
Writing is one of the oldest known forms of
communication
In today’s age of information and technology, writing
has become a lost art
4. The writing process first evolved from economic necessity
in the ancient near east. Archaeologist Denise Schmandt-
Besserat determined the link between previously
uncategorized clay "tokens" and the first known writing,
cuneiform(is one of the earliest known forms of written
expression, used in Persia and Assyria around the 30th
century BC).
Clay tokens were replaced over time by the written
documents to avoid the complexity of using the clay token.
5. cont.
Writing is an extension of human language across time
and space.
Writing most likely began as a consequence of political
expansion in ancient cultures, which needed reliable
means for transmitting information, maintaining
financial accounts, keeping historical records, and
similar activities.
Around the 4th millennium BC, the complexity of
trade and administration outgrew the power of
memory, and writing became a more dependable
method of recording and presenting transactions in a
permanent form.
6. cont.
Researchers divide the progression of written
communication into three revolutionary stages called
"Information Communication Revolutions"
During the first stage, written communication first
emerged through the use of pictograms. The pictograms
were made in stone, hence written communication was not
yet mobile.
During the second stage, writing began to appear on
paper, papyrus, clay, wax, etc. Common alphabets were
introduced and allowed for the uniformity of language
across large distances. A leap in technology occurred when
the Gutenberg printing-press was invented in the 15th
century
The third stage is characterized by the transfer of
information through controlled waves and electronic
signals.
7. ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION
Creates a permanent record
Allows you to store information for future reference
Easily distributed
All recipients receive the same information
Written communication helps in laying down
apparent principles, policies and rules for running of
an organization.
It is a permanent means of communication. Thus, it is
useful where record maintenance is required.
8. cont.
Written communication is more precise and explicit.
Effective written communication develops and
enhances an organization’s image.
It provides ready records and references.
It assists in proper delegation of responsibilities. While
in case of oral communication, it is impossible to fix
and delegate responsibilities on the grounds of speech
as it can be taken back by the speaker or he may refuse
to acknowledge.
Necessary for legal and binding documentation
9. DISADVANTAGES OF
WRITTEN COMUNICATION
Written communication does not save upon the costs.
It costs huge in terms of stationery and the manpower
employed in writing/typing and delivering letters.
Also, if the receivers of the written message are
separated by distance and if they need to clear their
doubts, the response is not spontaneous.
Written communication is time-consuming as the
feedback is not immediate. The encoding and sending
of message takes time.
10. cont.
Effective written communication requires great skills
and competencies in language and vocabulary use.
Poor writing skills and quality have a negative impact
on organization’s reputation.
Too much paper work and e-mails burden is involved
11. COMMON ETIQUETTES IN
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Continuing with the series of etiquettes in communication,
language expert Preeti Shirodkar tells us about what we
need to keep in mind while communicating in writing.
While written communication affords greater flexibility,
since it can be edited and both composed and read at
leisure or at one's pace, a great deal of care needs to be
taken, in order to ensure its effectiveness; as it can serve as
a point of reference, which one can turn to time and again,
thus creating a more lasting impact.
(Image: While writing... remember these simple rules)
12. 1.
FOCUS ON FORMAT
The various formal writing forms have a pre-
determined, universally accepted format that accompanies them.
This format, which is largely based on universal writing
conventions, serves to facilitate communication, by eliminating
miscommunication that may result through random writing
styles.
Moreover, these formats are likely to change with time, due to
the evolving nature of communication and/or technology.
For example, the semi block format that was earlier the most
relied upon format for letter writing has now given way to the
full block format, after the wide spread use of computers.
(Image: Be aware of the various writing formats.)
13. 2.
STUCTURING OF THE CONTENT
Introduction, Body and Conclusion: While writing one
should ensure that the content is well organized, with the
overview/basic details comprising the introduction; all
major points with their explanation and exemplification
constituting the body (preferably divided into a separate
paragraph each for every new point, with titles and
subtitles, if necessary).
(Image: Make sure you structure the content of what you're
writing well.)
14. 3.
ENSURING CONNECTIVITY
The content that comprises a piece of writing should
reflect fluency and should be connected through a logical
flow of thought, in order to prevent misinterpretation and
catch the attention of the reader.
Moreover, care should be taken to ensure that the flow is
not brought about through a forced/deliberate use of
connectives , as this make the piece extremely
uninteresting and artificial.
(Image: Lack of connectivity can often lead to
communication gaps, misinterpretation and doubts.)
15. 4.
TEMPERING THE CONTENT AS PER THE
LEVEL OF FORMALITY
The level of formality that is shared between the sender
and receiver should define the use of salutations, the
vocabulary, the content, the format and even the medium.
Though not integral to the matter communicated, this
courtesy helps in creating a balanced impression about the
communicator.
(Image: Tone your communication bearing in mind how
formal or casual your relationship is with the receiver.)
16. 5.
STEERING CLEAR OF SHORT
FORM
People may not be aware of the meaning of various
short forms and may thus find it difficult to interpret
them. Moreover, short forms can at time be culture
specific or even organization specific and may thus
unnecessarily complicate the communication.
(Image: Life in 140 characters is ok for twitter, not
otherwise.)
17. 6.
IMPORTANCE OF
GRAMMER, SPELLING AND
PUNCTUATION
Improper grammar can at worst cause miscommunication
and at least result in unwanted humour and should be thus
avoided. So too, spellings can create the same effect or can
even reflect a careless attitude on part of the sender.
Finally, effective use of punctuations facilitates reading and
interpretation and can in rare cases even prevent a
completely different meaning, which can result in
miscommunication.
(Image: Bad grammar and spellings can land you in trouble
even today.)
19. 7.
SENSITIVITY TO THE
AUDIANCE
One needs to be aware of and sensitive to the
emotions, need and nature of the audience in
choosing the
vocabulary, content, illustrations, formats and
medium of communication, as a discomfort in the
audience would hamper rather than facilitate
communication.
(Image: Don't take your audience for granted. Make sure
20. 8.
IMPORTANCE OF
CREATIVITY
In order to hold the readers' attention one needs to be
creative to break the tedium of writing and prevent
monotony from creeping in.
This is especially true in the case of all detailed writing
that seeks to hold the readers' attention.
(Image: Make sure your communication doesn't end up
in a pile of garbage. Be a little creative.)
21. 9.
AVOIDING EXCESSIVE USE
OF JARGON
Excessive use of jargon can put off a reader, who may
not read further, as, unlike a captive audience, the
choice of whether to participate in the communication
rests considerably with the reader.
(Image: Excessive use of jargon hasn't taken anyone
anywhere)
22. 10.
AWARNESS OF THE
AUDIENCE/MEDIUM
The medium needs to be chosen, as per its suitability to the
audience/content; while the content would need tempering as
per the medium/audience. For example, while an elaborate
message can be sent via a letter or an email, an sms, the same
content may have to be heavily edited.
Like all effective communication, good writing could be said to
occur when the gap between 'what one desires to say and what
one is constrained to mean' is negligible or almost non-existent.
(Image: Making points that are going over your audiences' heads...
be aware of who you're speaking to.)
23. GOOD WRITING: Features
Completeness: all information needed is provided
Correctness: relevant and precise information
Credibility: support your argument
Clarity: should not be vague, confusing, ambiguous
Conciseness: to the point
Consideration: anticipate the reader’s reaction
Vitality: use the active voice rather than the passive voice
24. DIFFERENT WRITING STYLES
There are three types of writing styles:
Colloquial
Casual
Formal
25. COLLOQUIAL
Colloquial language is an informal, conversational
style of writing. It differs from standard English in that
it often makes use of colourful expressions, slang, and
regional phrases. As a result, it can be difficult to
understand for an a person from a different region or
country.
26. CASUAL
Casual language involves everyday words and
expressions in a familiar group context, such as
conversations with family or close friends. The
emphasis is on the communication interaction
itself, and less about the hierarchy, power, control, or
social rank of the individuals communicating.
27. FORMAL
In business writing, the appropriate style will have a
degree of formality. Formal language is
communication that focuses on professional
expression with attention to rules, protocol, and
appearance. It is characterized by its vocabulary
and the grammatical arrangement of words in a
sentence. That is, writers using a formal style tend to
use a more sophisticated vocabulary.
28. cont.
Which style you use will depend on your audience,
and often whether your communication is going to
be read only by those in your organization (internal
communications) or by those outside the
organization, (external communications).
29. SOME DOs AND
DO NOTs
Be Specific: Just like a reporter, communicate the
“who, what, where, why, when and how” of what needs
to done. Stay objective and specific.
Avoid the Passive Voice: Instead of writing “The
program was planned by Dane,” write, “Dane planned
the program.”
Be Concise :There’s no need to be long-winded. Get to
the point. You’ll lose readers if you spout off too long!
30. cont.
Get Things Right :Take great care when spelling people’s
names,, and other specifics. And also make sure that you do
a careful proof of your work.
Know When Formal Language is Required: If you’re writing
an informal note to group members, it’s fine to use
contractions (“don’t” instead of “do not”).However, if you’re
writing for a formal audience, like a proposal to the board
of directors, be more formal with your language.
Read It Out Loud :One very effective way to self-proof your
work is to read it out loud. This will help you determine if
you’ve used incorrect words, if your sentences run on too
long, if your tenses don’t match, and more.
31. First Impressions
No matter what you are writing a few things can create a
negative first impression about your intelligence and
your level of care: misspellings grammatical mistakes
missed words messy delivery and incomplete work.
33. WRITING PROCESS
Planning
Keep objectives in mind and research the topic
Think about the audience
Outlining helps organize thoughts
34. cont...
Writing
Follow your outline, use your handbook
Inspiration is acceptable but must be carefully
reviewed
Use the interview approach to supplement the outline
(who, what, where, when, how)
36. TYPES OF WRITING
E-mails
Letters and Memos
Agendas
Reports
Promotional Material
Academic Documents
Research (scientific) manuscripts
White Papers
37. CONCLUSION
Utilize full potential of written communication
What you write will ultimately define you as a
professional to your colleagues and superiors
Match the appropriate communication method to the
recipient
Eliminating excessive or unnecessary communication
will improve your workflow
Mastering these skills will improve your ability and
enhance your career.