The document discusses the history and development of written communication. It begins by explaining how writing evolved from economic necessities in ancient civilizations, where clay tokens were used and eventually developed into written documents like cuneiform. The document then outlines three stages in the progression of written communication: 1) pictograms, 2) writing on materials like paper and parchment with common alphabets, and 3) electronic communication using controlled waves and signals. It also discusses advantages like creating permanent records, and disadvantages such as being time-consuming. Common etiquettes for effective written communication are presented, including focusing on format, structuring content, ensuring connectivity, and being sensitive to the audience.
Communication, Seven C's of Communication and Barriers to Effective communica...Sidra Aslam
1) Sidra Aslam earned a BS in Computer Science from the University of Gujrat in Pakistan.
2) Communication is defined as the process of sharing ideas, experiences, knowledge, and feelings through symbolic messages transmitted via spoken or written words, pictures, symbols, body language, facial expressions, and other means.
3) Effective communication is a two-way process of sending the right message to the right person while considering the psychology of the individuals involved, with the goal of producing the intended or desired result.
This document discusses key aspects of business communication, including concepts, processes, models, importance, types, principles (7 C's), barriers, and ways to overcome barriers. Specifically, it covers the Mehrabian model of communication that found 7% of meaning comes from words, 38% from tone/manner, and 55% from facial expressions. The 7 C's of effective communication are completeness, conciseness, clarity, correctness, consideration, courtesy, and concreteness. Barriers include encoding, transmitting, decoding, responding issues; ways to overcome include improving skills, gaining knowledge, allowing feedback, controlling emotions.
This document discusses different types of communication. It begins by defining communication and identifying that languages are codes for communication. There are two main types of communication discussed - verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication can be formal or informal, with formal including downward communication from higher to lower levels and upward from lower to higher levels. Informal communication includes lateral communication between peers and diagonal communication across departments. Non-verbal communication conveys messages through body language, proximity, paralanguage, signs and symbols. Barriers to effective communication are also outlined, including semantic, organizational, interpersonal, individual, cross-cultural and technical barriers. Overcoming barriers involves fostering relationships, clear focused messaging, coordination, avoiding jargon, feedback and
Oral communication refers to expressing information or ideas through spoken words. It has several advantages, such as allowing for high understanding, flexibility, quick decision-making, and problem resolution. However, it also has disadvantages like being less formal than written communication and risking misunderstandings. Effective oral communication requires clear pronunciation, brevity, precision, and logical sequencing. Common types of oral communication include face-to-face interactions, video conferencing, telephone calls, interviews, group discussions, presentations, and grapevine gossip.
The 7 C's of communication are:
1. Completeness - ensuring the message contains all relevant information for the intended reaction or response.
2. Conciseness - composing the message briefly while including all key points.
3. Consideration - keeping the audience in mind when composing the message and focusing on their benefits or interests.
4. Concreteness - making statements specific rather than general to avoid misunderstanding.
5. Clarity - composing the message so the receiver understands it clearly.
6. Courtesy - using respectful words appropriate for the audience.
7. Correctness - carefully attending to grammar, mechanics, accuracy and appropriate language level.
This document discusses communication in the context of agriculture and rural development. It defines communication and outlines the communication process. Key elements of communication include the communicator, message, channel, treatment of the message, audience, and audience response. Factors affecting communication are also examined, such as credibility, message design, and audience characteristics. Several models of communication are presented, including Aristotle's model involving speaker, speech, and audience, and Rogers and Shoemaker's S-M-C-R-E model involving source, message, channel, receiver, and effects. The document emphasizes that effective communication requires understanding these various components and tailoring the message for the intended audience.
The document discusses the 7C's of communication, which are principles for effective communication. The 7C's are completeness, concreteness, clarity, correctness, consideration, conciseness and courtesy. Each C is defined in 1-2 sentences. For example, completeness means providing all necessary information without omissions, and clarity means conveying the intended message without ambiguity. The document provides examples and tips for achieving each C to ensure effective transmission of information between parties.
This document provides an introduction to communication. It discusses that communication has been a lifelong skill and habits may need to change for workplace communication. Effective communication is defined as exchanging information so that all understand. Methods of internal and external communication are outlined. Factors like personal characteristics, audience, and purpose affect communication. Effective communication is polite, formal, considers the listener's perspective, and uses natural language. Key stages of communication include encoding and decoding messages. Writing at work follows a process of planning, gathering information, drafting, revising, and editing.
Our business writing skills presentation gives some simple but powerful tips on making your writing interesting and impactful. Effective business writing skills can enhance your productivity dramatically.
This document discusses different types of communication. It covers verbal communication, which should be clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent and complete. It also mentions the 7 C's of communication. Non-verbal communication is then discussed and defined various types including proxemics, kinesics, chronemics, haptics, paralinguistics, appearances and olfactions. The document concludes with discussing having a good day and that's all for non-verbal communication.
Seven C's of effective communication.
The seven C's of effective communication include completeness, conciseness, consideration, clarity, concreteness, courtesy and correctness
The document discusses communication skills and effective communication. It defines communication as the process of sending and receiving information between people. It emphasizes that effective communication involves both verbal and nonverbal messages being aligned and clear. It also stresses the importance of active listening skills like paying attention, maintaining eye contact, and suspending judgment. Good communication is described as being two-way, involving listening and feedback, and being clear, accountable, and stress-free. Tips provided for improving communication skills include maintaining eye contact, being positive and clear, practicing good listening, and using well-timed pauses.
This document discusses different types of communication, including verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication includes oral communication through speaking and written communication through writing. Non-verbal communication conveys messages without words through gestures, body language, the use of space, time, touch, and vocal tones. Specific types of non-verbal communication described include sign language, kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, hepatics, and vocalics. Both verbal and non-verbal communication have advantages and limitations depending on the situation.
This document provides an overview of communication skills and concepts. It discusses the objectives of effective communication, including understanding what communication is, why it is important, and how the communication model works. It outlines tips for both senders and receivers of messages, including how to structure messages, deliver messages effectively, listen actively, and provide constructive feedback. The document also discusses barriers to communication and how to minimize them through active listening, focusing on understanding, and using "I" statements rather than blame. The overall aim is to improve communication skills and understanding between parties.
7cs Of communication Communicational SkillsTarun Nayak
The document discusses the 7Cs of effective communication. The 7Cs are: Completeness, Conciseness, Consideration, Concreteness, Clarity, Courtesy, and Correctness. Each C provides guidelines for crafting messages that consider the audience and convey intended information clearly. For example, Completeness means including all relevant details, Conciseness means using few words, and Consideration means focusing on the receiver's interests and needs. Mastering the 7Cs helps ensure effective written and oral communication.
Communication is the exchange of information between people. It involves a sender, receiver, and message. The key tools of communication are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. There are different types of communication networks and styles within an organization. Effective communication requires understanding barriers and using various communication tools and strategies correctly. It is an essential skill for success in the modern workplace.
This document discusses organizational communication. It defines organizational communication as communication among people within an organization for the purpose of achieving common goals through cooperation. It notes that organizational communication is a system of pathways through which messages flow and patterns of interaction among people in an organization. There are different types of communication in an organization, including formal downward, upward, horizontal, and informal communication. Upward communication flows from lower to higher levels, downward from upper to lower, and horizontal across peer levels. Organizational communication also occurs in different contexts like public, small group, interview, and brief encounters.
The document outlines the essentials of effective communication. It discusses clarity of purpose, understanding the audience, avoiding jargon, and confident delivery. It also describes the 7 C's of communication - being clear, concise, concrete, correct, considerate, complete and courteous. Each C is then defined in more detail, focusing on using simple language, brevity, specificity, accuracy, putting the recipient first, providing all relevant information, and politeness. The overall message is that effective communication requires transparency, brevity, precision, truthfulness, empathy, comprehensiveness and courtesy.
This document discusses oral and written communication. It defines communication as the exchange of information through speech, signals, writing or behavior. Both oral and written communication have benefits and drawbacks. Oral communication allows for immediate feedback but lacks documentation, while written communication has permanence but is more time-consuming. Nonverbal communication involves body language, gestures and facial expressions to help interpret messages. Effective communication, whether oral, written or nonverbal, is important for expressing ideas and fulfilling goals.
This document discusses the different types of communication in organizations, including:
1) Formal and informal communication channels. Formal communication follows the chain of command while informal "grapevine" communication occurs between individuals.
2) The direction of communication flow, including downward from superiors to subordinates, upward from subordinates to superiors, horizontal between peers, and diagonal across functions.
3) The methods of communicating, either orally, in writing, or through gestures. Both formal and informal communication channels have their advantages and disadvantages for information sharing in organizations.
This document provides an overview of written business communication. It discusses the importance and limitations of written communication, as well as principles of effective writing. It also describes common forms of business correspondence like memos and letters. Additionally, it outlines the writing process and provides tips for clear writing. Finally, it discusses different types of business messages, including good news, bad news, and persuasive messages, and provides guidelines for writing each type effectively.
Advantages and disadvantages of written communicationYaseen Anwar
The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of written communication. Some key advantages are that written communication allows information to be preserved permanently, presents complex topics easily, and provides an accurate record. However, disadvantages include that it is more expensive and time-consuming than oral communication, cannot be used with illiterate people, and lacks flexibility. Written communication also causes delays in responses and decision-making.
Feedback is an essential process for improvement where the output or effect of an action is communicated to modify the next action. It occurs through dialogue reflecting how one's behavior is seen by others and is important for regulatory mechanisms like education and the economy to work. Feedback is valuable for employees as it identifies strengths and weaknesses, allows checking of assumptions, and prevents false assessments if handled properly. There are different types of feedback including motivational, developmental, constructive, intrinsic, and extrinsic feedback. Principles for effective feedback include focusing on observable behaviors, giving it privately, and suggesting alternative behaviors.
Oral communication allows for immediate clarification through natural voice tones and variations, but has disadvantages like lack of a record and limitations of human memory. Written communication provides precision through use of words, graphics, and reports transmitted electronically, but lacks the dynamic feedback of oral exchanges. Both methods have advantages and limitations depending on the context and purpose of the message.
Oral communication describes any interaction that uses spoken words to convey a message. It has several advantages like being more time efficient and allowing for immediate feedback and clarification. However, it also has limitations such as messages not being retained for long and the inability to take back words once spoken. Effective oral communication requires clear pronunciation, brevity, precision, conviction and choosing appropriate words and register for the audience. It can be improved by reading, listening, and practicing speaking in different situations. Common types include face-to-face interactions, video conferencing, telephone calls, presentations, interviews and group discussions.
Oral communication involves direct face-to-face interactions between two or more individuals to share meaning. Interpersonal communication is the process of gathering sensory information from others and deriving meaning from it, while small group communication refers to interpersonal exchanges within groups of 3-20 working together towards a common goal. Public speaking is an oral communication process where one individual addresses others in a structured way to inform, influence, or entertain the audience.
Oral communication refers to communication through speech including conversations, presentations, lectures, and speeches. It allows for direct interaction and feedback which helps build rapport. Some advantages are that it is more transparent than written communication, allows for flexibility, and is more time efficient. However, oral communication can also lead to misunderstandings if not done attentively and lacks permanence compared to written records. Successful oral communication requires clarity, developing trust, overcoming barriers, and incorporating feedback.
Effective Writing Communication Lesson Plandaly_uprh
The lesson plan aimed to teach first grade students about Saint Valentine's Day through various activities. [1] The students would identify vocabulary words related to Saint Valentine's Day from coloring pages. [2] They were then asked to write a simple three-word sentence to describe their coloring page. [3] The lesson integrated Spanish, art, listening/speaking, reading, and writing standards and was intended to motivate students and help them practice basic writing skills.
The document discusses best practices for writing business memos and emails. It provides guidelines on memo and email format, including headers, subject lines, and structure. It emphasizes keeping communications clear, concise, and tailored to the intended audience. The document also differentiates between formal and informal communication styles and advises treating all workplace correspondence professionally.
The document discusses different types of communication including oral, written, and non-verbal communication. It provides details on the attributes of good oral communication such as voice modulation and clarity. Examples of oral communication include face-to-face interactions, telephone calls, and group settings like meetings and presentations. Written communication allows for ready reference, legal documentation, and mass distribution but can be time-consuming and lack immediate feedback. Both oral and written communication have advantages and disadvantages for business use.
This document discusses the various types of official correspondence used in government offices and organizations. It describes 14 different types including official letters, demi-official letters, memorandums, office memorandums, office orders, notifications, resolutions, press communiques, noting on files, endorsements, and inter-departmental communications. Each type is used for a specific purpose and has distinct features regarding format, tone, and how addresses and names are included. Official correspondence provides a formal way for government entities and offices to exchange information, suggestions, and orders in writing.
This presentation plan outlines the key elements and structure of an effective presentation. It recommends beginning with an introduction that provides basic information, explaining the topics to be discussed, talking through main points while engaging the audience to keep their interest, developing ideas, and concluding by not simply reading from notes but speaking clearly, making eye contact, using confident body language, and carefully planning the presentation.
The document discusses important skills for effective writing. It emphasizes that writing allows communication to a broad audience and choosing an appropriate format and tone based on the audience is key. The composition process should include outlining, following the AIDA structure of attracting and engaging the reader, and considering the audience's perspective. Effective structure incorporates headings, lists and other formatting to enhance readability. Proper grammar, spelling and proofreading are also important to ensure quality writing that is free from errors.
The document discusses various digital communication methods, their abbreviations or acronyms, and their common uses. E-mail, discussion boards, instant messaging, podcasting, SMS, blogs, the iPhone, webOS phones, and BlackBerry smartphones are all outlined with a focus on how they enable communication through features like messaging, posting questions, sharing files and ideas, and connecting with others online or through mobile networks in real-time.
The document provides guidance on writing effective business correspondence, including:
- Keep correspondence short and focused on the recipient
- Avoid negative writing and speak to individuals directly about any criticisms
- Re-read correspondence before sending to catch any errors or issues
- Common types of business letters include enquiry letters, quotation letters, order letters, and complaint letters
- Enquiry letters request information, quotation letters provide requested information, order letters place orders, and complaint letters address issues with products or services
The document outlines best practices for different types of business correspondence.
Cultural differences should be dealt with respectfully during communication. Group discussions are most effective when members take turns contributing ideas to keep the conversation on topic and ensure everyone understands what is being discussed. Effective communication relies on allowing all members to play to their strengths while maintaining confidence and actively including others.
The document outlines principles of effective business writing, including accuracy, brevity, and clarity. It emphasizes using correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and word choice. Business writing should be concise yet clear. It should avoid biases and write from the reader's perspective using everyday language at an appropriate level of formality for the intended audience.
Effective writing is clear, accurate, concise writing that has a logical flow of ideas. The key elements of effective writing are brevity, simplicity, clarity, rhythm, sound, revision, communication, reading, emphasis, honesty, and passion. Writing is the primary way one's work and intellect will be judged, as it makes thinking visible and equips people with communication and thinking skills needed to effectively participate and evaluate arguments while anticipating readers' needs.
Written communication needs to be informal and conversational in style. It should have the potential to be used for giving and accepting information, making and answering complaints, as well as maintaining relations with customers and members of the public.
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This document outlines principles for effective business writing including orienting writing towards the receiver, using short simple vocabulary and specific words, preferring active voice over passive voice, using action verbs, being brief with short sentences rather than long complex ones, avoiding gender biased words, proper sentence design with flow between sentences and paragraphs, consistency, continuity and linkages, and properly allocating space for attachments, appendixes and annexures.
Written communication is an important skill that has evolved over thousands of years. It allows information to be stored and shared across distances and time. Effective written communication requires clarity, structure, appropriate tone and style for the intended audience. Key considerations include organization, grammar, vocabulary choice, format and ensuring the audience can easily understand the message.
Written and oral communication are both important skills for business. Written communication provides a permanent record but is time-consuming, while oral communication allows for interaction but lacks permanence. To develop effective communication skills, it is important to consider the audience, choose an appropriate tone, and convey information clearly and concisely. Both written and oral communication have advantages and disadvantages for business situations.
The document discusses a student's reflections on learning about interpersonal communication in a course. The student learned about what interpersonal communication involves, how to better communicate with people from other cultures, and became more self-aware of how they perceive and present themselves. The student also gained a better understanding of processing and analyzing the meanings of messages being sent and received.
This document discusses communication skills and barriers to effective communication. It begins by defining communication and its key components: a sender, message, and recipient. It then outlines various methods of communication, including verbal, non-verbal, and visual. Specific types like verbal, non-verbal, and their advantages and disadvantages are explained in more detail. The communication cycle and various barriers like semantic, psychological, organizational, and cultural barriers are also covered. The document emphasizes that effective communication is important for building relationships and conveying ideas clearly.
Communication skills ppt by naveen tokasNAVEEN TOKAS
The document discusses different types of communication. It begins by defining communication and explaining that communication can be both oral and written. It then provides details on the purpose of communication in business contexts. The document also discusses the history and meaning of both written and oral communication. It explains some of the key advantages and disadvantages of each type. Overall, the document provides an overview of both written and oral communication, their purposes, and some factors to consider with each.
Business communication has evolved alongside shifts in politics and economic systems over history. Early human communication began with the development of speech around 500,000 BCE and use of symbols around 30,000 BCE. Writing and printing were major innovations that improved the range and longevity of information sharing.
Effective business communication is objective, concise, and uses clear technical language and formats to accurately convey ideas and information. The 7 C's of effective communication are clarity, consideration of the recipient, concreteness, accuracy, creativity, conciseness, correctness, and credibility.
There are four main types of business writing: instructional writing to complete tasks, informational writing for reference, persuasive writing to influence decisions, and transactional writing for
This book contains five chapters which deals with the following topics: Report as a Form of Communication, The Structural Contents of a Report, Tables in a Report, Graphs and Charts Use in Reports and Log and Interrupted Scale. Statistical report writing is part of the curriculum of HND Statistics and First Degree Statistics. It is therefore necessary to have a book of this nature to help young researchers in this area of study (ie statistics) to get a guide in this course in other to know how to report their statistical findings. This book can also be very helpful to new (first time) researchers.
The document discusses the digitalization of business communication and messages. It begins by looking at the characteristics of digital communication versus analog communication. Digitization has influenced how business messages are transmitted by allowing for integration of different media like video calls and more interactive experiences. The digital transformation has led to clearer communication over longer distances at lower costs. Overall, the document analyzes how the shift from analog to digital has changed business communication.
This document discusses the concept of communication and its elements. It defines communication as the exchange of information between individuals through symbols. The key elements of communication are the sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, barriers/noise, context, and communication system. It also discusses the various means of communication including verbal, non-verbal, written, radio, television, telephone, and internet. Finally, it discusses the implications of communication for human beings, including how it facilitates spreading of knowledge and formation of relationships.
The document discusses communication and its various aspects. It defines communication and its key elements - the sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding and feedback. It describes different types of communication like oral, written, intrapersonal and interpersonal. It also discusses the barriers to communication like physical, organizational, semantic and individual barriers. Finally, it provides tips to overcome communication barriers like clarifying ideas, being aware of the receiver's needs, consulting others and selecting the proper communication channel.
Communication is the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information through various means such as speech, writing, visuals, signals, or behavior. It requires a sender, a message, and a recipient, though communication can occur across distances in space and time. Effective communication aims to create shared understanding between communicating parties and can be undermined by several barriers such as message overload, complex language, and faults in communication systems.
This document provides an overview of communication and the key elements of the communication process. It discusses the importance of developing strong written communication skills for both personal and professional purposes. The main elements of communication include a sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, and context. For communication to be effective, the sender must consider the message, audience, and how the message may be received. The document also outlines some best practices for written communication, such as planning, writing, and editing, as well as common pitfalls to avoid like confusing language, verbosity, poor sentence structure, and information overload.
This document provides an overview of business communication, including definitions of communication, the communication process, types of communication, and principles of effective communication. It discusses verbal and nonverbal communication, formal and informal communication, one-way and two-way communication models, and intrapersonal and interpersonal communication. The key elements of communication, such as the sender, message, channel, receiver, encoding, decoding, feedback, and noise are also defined.
Communication takes many forms, including verbal, non-verbal, written, and visual. Verbal communication includes language, sounds, and tone of voice. Non-verbal communication conveys messages through body language and facial expressions. Written communication shares information through written words. Visual communication uses images, graphics, and other visual elements. Effective communication requires understanding the audience, and following principles such as clarity, conciseness, completeness, organization, empathy, and flexibility. It also involves communicating ethically by respecting others and the truth.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION LECTURE #1.pptxAbigailPanes1
This document outlines the key concepts from a lecture on communication. It discusses that communication involves sharing meaning between people using verbal and non-verbal means. An effective 3-unit course on communication develops students' competence in communicating appropriately to multicultural audiences globally or locally through multimodal tasks. It teaches students to evaluate texts critically and convey responsible messages while emphasizing language and images' power of impact. The document also defines communication, effective communication, and covers forms of communication, audience analysis, principles of effective communication including clarity, conciseness, completeness, organization, empathy, and flexibility.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION LECTURE #1.pptxAbigailPanes1
This 3-unit communication course develops students' communication skills through multimodal tasks that allow them to communicate effectively in multicultural contexts. The course objectives include describing verbal and non-verbal communication, explaining how culture affects communication, evaluating texts critically, and summarizing academic principles. Key concepts covered include the definition of communication, what makes communication effective, forms of communication such as verbal and non-verbal, and principles for effective communication like clarity, conciseness, completeness, organization, empathy, and flexibility.
Written and oral communication are both important skills for business. Written communication is common in business and important for maintaining records, while oral communication is vital for interactions. Effective communication, both written and oral, requires being clear, concise, relevant and informative for the intended audience. Skills like listening, public speaking, and presenting information in an organized manner are important for business communication.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS.pptxMFinlayMatunda
The document discusses communication skills and public relations. It begins by defining communication and explaining that communication involves ensuring the message reaches the intended audience and they understand it appropriately. It then provides definitions of communication from various scholars, emphasizing that communication is a process of transmitting meaning. The document outlines several principles of effective communication, including correctness, clarity, consistency, coherence, concreteness, conciseness, courtesy and completeness. It discusses the role of information technology in communication and effects on productivity. Finally, it explains the basic components and process of communication.
This document discusses communication skills and provides an overview of verbal and non-verbal communication. It begins with an introduction to communication and defines it as sending or receiving ideas from one person to another so they understand the same way. It then discusses the history of communication, noting that speech developed 200,000 years ago and writing 7,000 years ago. The document outlines the communication process and covers types of communication including verbal, which uses words, and non-verbal, which conveys 55% of the message through body language, tone of voice 38% and words 7%. It provides examples of positive non-verbal communication and cues to effectively communicate.
Credit limit improvement system in odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now factored into a partner's total receivables. As a result, the credit limit warning system now considers this updated calculation, leading to more accurate and effective credit management.
No, it's not a robot: prompt writing for investigative journalismPaul Bradshaw
How to use generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Gemini to generate story ideas for investigations, identify potential sources, and help with coding and writing.
A talk from the Centre for Investigative Journalism Summer School, July 2024
How to Configure Time Off Types in Odoo 17Celine George
Now we can take look into how to configure time off types in odoo 17 through this slide. Time-off types are used to grant or request different types of leave. Only then the authorities will have a clear view or a clear understanding of what kind of leave the employee is taking.
Views in Odoo - Advanced Views - Pivot View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, the pivot view is a graphical representation of data that allows users to analyze and summarize large datasets quickly. It's a powerful tool for generating insights from your business data.
The pivot view in Odoo is a valuable tool for analyzing and summarizing large datasets, helping you gain insights into your business operations.
Split Shifts From Gantt View in the Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo allows users to split long shifts into multiple segments directly from the Gantt view.Each segment retains details of the original shift, such as employee assignment, start time, end time, and specific tasks or descriptions.
Delegation Inheritance in Odoo 17 and Its Use CasesCeline George
There are 3 types of inheritance in odoo Classical, Extension, and Delegation. Delegation inheritance is used to sink other models to our custom model. And there is no change in the views. This slide will discuss delegation inheritance and its use cases in odoo 17.
Principles of Roods Approach!!!!!!!.pptxibtesaam huma
Principles of Rood’s Approach
Treatment technique used in physiotherapy for neurological patients which aids them to recover and improve quality of life
Facilitatory techniques
Inhibitory techniques
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)- Concept, Features, Elements, Role of advertising in IMC
Advertising: Concept, Features, Evolution of Advertising, Active Participants, Benefits of advertising to Business firms and consumers.
Classification of advertising: Geographic, Media, Target audience and Functions.
The Value of Time ~ A Story to Ponder On (Eng. & Chi.).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint presentation on the importance of time management based on a meaningful story to ponder on. The texts are in English and Chinese.
For the Video (texts in English and Chinese) with audio narration and explanation in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUtjLnxEBKo
Still I Rise by Maya Angelou
-Table of Contents
● Questions to be Addressed
● Introduction
● About the Author
● Analysis
● Key Literary Devices Used in the Poem
1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Repetition
4. Rhetorical Question
5. Structure and Form
6. Imagery
7. Symbolism
● Conclusion
● References
-Questions to be Addressed
1. How does the meaning of the poem evolve as we progress through each stanza?
2. How do similes and metaphors enhance the imagery in "Still I Rise"?
3. What effect does the repetition of certain phrases have on the overall tone of the poem?
4. How does Maya Angelou use symbolism to convey her message of resilience and empowerment?
Join educators from the US and worldwide at this year’s conference, themed “Strategies for Proficiency & Acquisition,” to learn from top experts in world language teaching.
AI Risk Management: ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, and ISO/IEC 23894PECB
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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2. One of the best methods to communicate
Writing is one of the oldest known forms of
communication
In today’s age of information and technology, writing
has become a lost art
4. The writing process first evolved from economic necessity
in the ancient near east. Archaeologist Denise Schmandt-
Besserat determined the link between previously
uncategorized clay "tokens" and the first known writing,
cuneiform(is one of the earliest known forms of written
expression, used in Persia and Assyria around the 30th
century BC).
Clay tokens were replaced over time by the written
documents to avoid the complexity of using the clay token.
5. cont.
Writing is an extension of human language across time
and space.
Writing most likely began as a consequence of political
expansion in ancient cultures, which needed reliable
means for transmitting information, maintaining
financial accounts, keeping historical records, and
similar activities.
Around the 4th millennium BC, the complexity of
trade and administration outgrew the power of
memory, and writing became a more dependable
method of recording and presenting transactions in a
permanent form.
6. cont.
Researchers divide the progression of written
communication into three revolutionary stages called
"Information Communication Revolutions"
During the first stage, written communication first
emerged through the use of pictograms. The pictograms
were made in stone, hence written communication was not
yet mobile.
During the second stage, writing began to appear on
paper, papyrus, clay, wax, etc. Common alphabets were
introduced and allowed for the uniformity of language
across large distances. A leap in technology occurred when
the Gutenberg printing-press was invented in the 15th
century
The third stage is characterized by the transfer of
information through controlled waves and electronic
signals.
7. ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION
Creates a permanent record
Allows you to store information for future reference
Easily distributed
All recipients receive the same information
Written communication helps in laying down
apparent principles, policies and rules for running of
an organization.
It is a permanent means of communication. Thus, it is
useful where record maintenance is required.
8. cont.
Written communication is more precise and explicit.
Effective written communication develops and
enhances an organization’s image.
It provides ready records and references.
It assists in proper delegation of responsibilities. While
in case of oral communication, it is impossible to fix
and delegate responsibilities on the grounds of speech
as it can be taken back by the speaker or he may refuse
to acknowledge.
Necessary for legal and binding documentation
9. DISADVANTAGES OF
WRITTEN COMUNICATION
Written communication does not save upon the costs.
It costs huge in terms of stationery and the manpower
employed in writing/typing and delivering letters.
Also, if the receivers of the written message are
separated by distance and if they need to clear their
doubts, the response is not spontaneous.
Written communication is time-consuming as the
feedback is not immediate. The encoding and sending
of message takes time.
10. cont.
Effective written communication requires great skills
and competencies in language and vocabulary use.
Poor writing skills and quality have a negative impact
on organization’s reputation.
Too much paper work and e-mails burden is involved
11. COMMON ETIQUETTES IN
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Continuing with the series of etiquettes in communication,
language expert Preeti Shirodkar tells us about what we
need to keep in mind while communicating in writing.
While written communication affords greater flexibility,
since it can be edited and both composed and read at
leisure or at one's pace, a great deal of care needs to be
taken, in order to ensure its effectiveness; as it can serve as
a point of reference, which one can turn to time and again,
thus creating a more lasting impact.
(Image: While writing... remember these simple rules)
12. 1.
FOCUS ON FORMAT
The various formal writing forms have a pre-
determined, universally accepted format that accompanies them.
This format, which is largely based on universal writing
conventions, serves to facilitate communication, by eliminating
miscommunication that may result through random writing
styles.
Moreover, these formats are likely to change with time, due to
the evolving nature of communication and/or technology.
For example, the semi block format that was earlier the most
relied upon format for letter writing has now given way to the
full block format, after the wide spread use of computers.
(Image: Be aware of the various writing formats.)
13. 2.
STUCTURING OF THE CONTENT
Introduction, Body and Conclusion: While writing one
should ensure that the content is well organized, with the
overview/basic details comprising the introduction; all
major points with their explanation and exemplification
constituting the body (preferably divided into a separate
paragraph each for every new point, with titles and
subtitles, if necessary).
(Image: Make sure you structure the content of what you're
writing well.)
14. 3.
ENSURING CONNECTIVITY
The content that comprises a piece of writing should
reflect fluency and should be connected through a logical
flow of thought, in order to prevent misinterpretation and
catch the attention of the reader.
Moreover, care should be taken to ensure that the flow is
not brought about through a forced/deliberate use of
connectives , as this make the piece extremely
uninteresting and artificial.
(Image: Lack of connectivity can often lead to
communication gaps, misinterpretation and doubts.)
15. 4.
TEMPERING THE CONTENT AS PER THE
LEVEL OF FORMALITY
The level of formality that is shared between the sender
and receiver should define the use of salutations, the
vocabulary, the content, the format and even the medium.
Though not integral to the matter communicated, this
courtesy helps in creating a balanced impression about the
communicator.
(Image: Tone your communication bearing in mind how
formal or casual your relationship is with the receiver.)
16. 5.
STEERING CLEAR OF SHORT
FORM
People may not be aware of the meaning of various
short forms and may thus find it difficult to interpret
them. Moreover, short forms can at time be culture
specific or even organization specific and may thus
unnecessarily complicate the communication.
(Image: Life in 140 characters is ok for twitter, not
otherwise.)
17. 6.
IMPORTANCE OF
GRAMMER, SPELLING AND
PUNCTUATION
Improper grammar can at worst cause miscommunication
and at least result in unwanted humour and should be thus
avoided. So too, spellings can create the same effect or can
even reflect a careless attitude on part of the sender.
Finally, effective use of punctuations facilitates reading and
interpretation and can in rare cases even prevent a
completely different meaning, which can result in
miscommunication.
(Image: Bad grammar and spellings can land you in trouble
even today.)
19. 7.
SENSITIVITY TO THE
AUDIANCE
One needs to be aware of and sensitive to the
emotions, need and nature of the audience in
choosing the
vocabulary, content, illustrations, formats and
medium of communication, as a discomfort in the
audience would hamper rather than facilitate
communication.
(Image: Don't take your audience for granted. Make sure
20. 8.
IMPORTANCE OF
CREATIVITY
In order to hold the readers' attention one needs to be
creative to break the tedium of writing and prevent
monotony from creeping in.
This is especially true in the case of all detailed writing
that seeks to hold the readers' attention.
(Image: Make sure your communication doesn't end up
in a pile of garbage. Be a little creative.)
21. 9.
AVOIDING EXCESSIVE USE
OF JARGON
Excessive use of jargon can put off a reader, who may
not read further, as, unlike a captive audience, the
choice of whether to participate in the communication
rests considerably with the reader.
(Image: Excessive use of jargon hasn't taken anyone
anywhere)
22. 10.
AWARNESS OF THE
AUDIENCE/MEDIUM
The medium needs to be chosen, as per its suitability to the
audience/content; while the content would need tempering as
per the medium/audience. For example, while an elaborate
message can be sent via a letter or an email, an sms, the same
content may have to be heavily edited.
Like all effective communication, good writing could be said to
occur when the gap between 'what one desires to say and what
one is constrained to mean' is negligible or almost non-existent.
(Image: Making points that are going over your audiences' heads...
be aware of who you're speaking to.)
23. GOOD WRITING: Features
Completeness: all information needed is provided
Correctness: relevant and precise information
Credibility: support your argument
Clarity: should not be vague, confusing, ambiguous
Conciseness: to the point
Consideration: anticipate the reader’s reaction
Vitality: use the active voice rather than the passive voice
24. DIFFERENT WRITING STYLES
There are three types of writing styles:
Colloquial
Casual
Formal
25. COLLOQUIAL
Colloquial language is an informal, conversational
style of writing. It differs from standard English in that
it often makes use of colourful expressions, slang, and
regional phrases. As a result, it can be difficult to
understand for an a person from a different region or
country.
26. CASUAL
Casual language involves everyday words and
expressions in a familiar group context, such as
conversations with family or close friends. The
emphasis is on the communication interaction
itself, and less about the hierarchy, power, control, or
social rank of the individuals communicating.
27. FORMAL
In business writing, the appropriate style will have a
degree of formality. Formal language is
communication that focuses on professional
expression with attention to rules, protocol, and
appearance. It is characterized by its vocabulary
and the grammatical arrangement of words in a
sentence. That is, writers using a formal style tend to
use a more sophisticated vocabulary.
28. cont.
Which style you use will depend on your audience,
and often whether your communication is going to
be read only by those in your organization (internal
communications) or by those outside the
organization, (external communications).
29. SOME DOs AND
DO NOTs
Be Specific: Just like a reporter, communicate the
“who, what, where, why, when and how” of what needs
to done. Stay objective and specific.
Avoid the Passive Voice: Instead of writing “The
program was planned by Dane,” write, “Dane planned
the program.”
Be Concise :There’s no need to be long-winded. Get to
the point. You’ll lose readers if you spout off too long!
30. cont.
Get Things Right :Take great care when spelling people’s
names,, and other specifics. And also make sure that you do
a careful proof of your work.
Know When Formal Language is Required: If you’re writing
an informal note to group members, it’s fine to use
contractions (“don’t” instead of “do not”).However, if you’re
writing for a formal audience, like a proposal to the board
of directors, be more formal with your language.
Read It Out Loud :One very effective way to self-proof your
work is to read it out loud. This will help you determine if
you’ve used incorrect words, if your sentences run on too
long, if your tenses don’t match, and more.
31. First Impressions
No matter what you are writing a few things can create a
negative first impression about your intelligence and
your level of care: misspellings grammatical mistakes
missed words messy delivery and incomplete work.
33. WRITING PROCESS
Planning
Keep objectives in mind and research the topic
Think about the audience
Outlining helps organize thoughts
34. cont...
Writing
Follow your outline, use your handbook
Inspiration is acceptable but must be carefully
reviewed
Use the interview approach to supplement the outline
(who, what, where, when, how)
36. TYPES OF WRITING
E-mails
Letters and Memos
Agendas
Reports
Promotional Material
Academic Documents
Research (scientific) manuscripts
White Papers
37. CONCLUSION
Utilize full potential of written communication
What you write will ultimately define you as a
professional to your colleagues and superiors
Match the appropriate communication method to the
recipient
Eliminating excessive or unnecessary communication
will improve your workflow
Mastering these skills will improve your ability and
enhance your career.