The document discusses quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research aims to quantify data by using structured tools like questionnaires to collect numerical data from large samples that can be statistically analyzed. It focuses on objectively testing hypotheses. Qualitative research collects non-numerical data like descriptions through methods such as interviews and observations to understand peoples' experiences. It focuses on exploring topics in-depth. The document also compares surveys and questionnaires, describing their differences and advantages and disadvantages of various survey methods.
This document outlines the key elements of quantitative research including hypothesis testing, variables, sampling methods, measurement, validity and reliability, statistical analysis, and causal relationships. Quantitative research aims to systematically test hypotheses through precise standardized measurement and statistical analysis of numerical data. Variables are defined, data is collected from samples using standardized tools and procedures, and results are analyzed using statistical techniques to determine relationships between variables and test hypotheses. The goal is to explain phenomena through objective and replicable quantitative analysis.
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data through methods like interviews and observations to understand meanings, concepts, definitions, and descriptions. It focuses on subjective experiences and meanings that people assign rather than counting or measuring. There are several types of qualitative research including basic interpretive studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory studies, case studies, ethnographic studies, narrative analysis, critical qualitative research, and postmodern research. Each type uses different methods and focuses of analysis but all aim to provide an in-depth understanding of experiences, cultures, or phenomena through a subjective rather than objective lens.
The document discusses 8 types of qualitative research methods including basic qualitative studies, case study research, content analysis, ethnographic studies, grounded theory research, historical studies, narrative research, and phenomenological research. It provides descriptions and examples of each method, focusing on the goals, data collection techniques, and key characteristics of basic qualitative studies, case study research, content analysis, ethnographic studies, and grounded theory research. The document is intended to inform readers about these common qualitative research approaches.
This document provides an overview of the key differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research aims to test hypotheses and make predictions by studying specific variables through structured data collection from large randomly selected groups, which is then analyzed statistically. Qualitative research seeks to understand social phenomena through descriptive data like words and images collected from smaller non-random groups via open-ended questions, interviews and observations, with the goal of gaining insights rather than making generalized predictions.
This document discusses various methods of data collection in research. It describes 7 common methods: questionnaires, checklists, interviews, observation, records, experimental approaches, and survey approaches. For each method, it outlines the key aspects, such as how it is administered or structured, as well as advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses important considerations for developing research instruments and measuring variables in studies. The overall purpose is to provide guidance on selecting appropriate data collection techniques based on the research problem and design.
This document discusses various qualitative research methods for collecting and analyzing data. It describes qualitative research as focusing on collecting narrative and visual non-numerical data to understand a phenomenon of interest. It then outlines several common qualitative research approaches like grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenology, narrative research, case studies and the types of data collection methods used in each approach such as interviews, observations, focus groups and document analysis. Finally, it discusses the process of analyzing qualitative data which typically involves preparing, organizing, coding and categorizing the data to identify themes and patterns.
There are two main types of research: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research uses numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses, while qualitative research uses descriptive data like words to develop theories and explore phenomena. Some key differences are that quantitative research has clearly defined variables, aims to test theories, uses large representative samples and statistical analysis, while qualitative research has a rough idea of variables, aims to develop theories, uses small samples and descriptive analysis like coding and narratives. There are also various research designs that differ based on whether they manipulate variables experimentally, use control groups, collect data prospectively or retrospectively, and in quantitative versus qualitative traditions.
This document outlines different qualitative research designs and sampling methods. It describes case study, ethnography, historical study, phenomenology, and grounded theory research designs. It then discusses probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. Finally, it covers non-probability sampling techniques including quota sampling, voluntary sampling, purposive sampling, availability sampling, and snowball sampling.
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as research using text and pictures rather than numbers, taking a holistic approach to understand phenomena. The document outlines several major qualitative research designs including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and content analysis. It discusses when a qualitative approach is appropriate and provides details on how to conduct and analyze data for a case study design. The goal of qualitative research is to provide a rich story and tentative hypotheses about observed social phenomena.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal in 3 sections. The introduction defines a research proposal and discusses its purpose. The main section outlines the key components of a proposal, including the title, abstract, statement of problem, objectives, methodology, work plan, personnel, facilities, budget, and format. The conclusion emphasizes doing thorough planning and writing the proposal in a clear, concise manner according to standard formats.
The document discusses different aspects of research design including what research design is, its key components, and types of research design. It defines research design as the arrangement of conditions for collecting and analyzing data to combine relevance to the research purpose with efficient procedures. The main components of research design discussed are sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. It also outlines features of a good research design and key concepts like dependent and independent variables, extraneous variables, control, and research hypotheses. Finally, it discusses research design for exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis-testing research studies.
Quantitative and qualitative research methods differ in important ways. Quantitative research uses statistical analysis of numeric data from standardized instruments, while qualitative research relies on descriptive analysis of text or image data collected from a small number of individuals. The two approaches also differ in how the research problem is identified, how literature is reviewed, how data is collected and analyzed, and how findings are reported. Common quantitative designs include experimental, correlational, and survey designs, while qualitative designs include grounded theory, ethnographic, narrative, and action research designs. The best approach depends on matching the research questions and goals.
The document discusses various types of research including descriptive research, which describes characteristics without determining causes, and analytical research, which evaluates facts and information. It also discusses applied research which aims to solve immediate problems, and basic research which improves scientific understanding without specific applications. Additional types discussed are quantitative research using measurement, qualitative research investigating human behavior, conceptual research developing new ideas, empirical research using observation, and historical research studying past events.
The document discusses considerations for data collection plans including objectives, scope, sources, methods, units of measurement, and accuracy levels. It defines primary and secondary data, as well as qualitative and quantitative data. Sources of primary data include interviews, questionnaires, and observation, while published/unpublished sources and databases are sources of secondary data. Secondary data has advantages like being easy to generalize from, economical, and quick, but reliability can be difficult to determine and inherent limitations may exist. Questionnaires should be clearly written following principles like being precise, unbiased, and pilot tested.
Steps in Research-Types of research-Types of Steps in Research-Types of resea...AbhishikthSandeep1
This document discusses research methods and design. It defines research as a systematic, scientific investigation of a topic to discover new facts or test hypotheses. Research aims to contribute new knowledge through carefully defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The key objectives of research are exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis testing. Characteristics of good research include being directed, empirical, carefully recorded and reported. The common steps in research are formulating the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, deciding design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting conclusions.
Historical research involves the systematic study of past events and problems through primary and secondary sources. It includes identifying a problem, collecting and evaluating data sources through external and internal criticism, synthesizing information, and interpreting conclusions. Some examples are essays from the Civil War, school attendance records over decades, and high school diplomas from the 1920s. While historical research provides perspective on current issues, it is limited by unavailable data and an inability to control past variables. Overall, understanding history assists in defining past situations and their modern meaning.
1) Qualitative research aims to provide a holistic understanding of social settings through comprehensive descriptions of interlocking events in everyday life.
2) The process of qualitative research involves establishing a general problem, developing research questions, selecting a design and sampling strategy, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting findings.
3) Common qualitative research designs include case studies, ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, and participatory research. Each design has distinct features regarding the researcher's role, data collection methods, and analytical approach.
valuation is a methodological area that is closely related to, but distinguishable from more traditional social research. Evaluation utilizes many of the same methodologies used in traditional social research, but because evaluation takes place within a political and organizational context, it requires group skills, management ability, political dexterity, sensitivity to multiple stakeholders and other skills that social research in general does not rely on as much.
This document outlines the components and structure of a research proposal. It begins by defining what a research proposal is and its purpose. It then discusses each section in detail, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, expected results, budget, and timeline. Key elements that should be included in each section are identified, such as clearly stating the research problem in the introduction and describing data collection and analysis plans in the methodology. Common mistakes to avoid are also outlined. Overall, this document provides a comprehensive guide for writing an effective research proposal.
This document outlines the key aspects of survey research. It defines a survey, explains why surveys are used, and describes the characteristics and steps involved in survey research. It discusses tools for surveys such as interviews and questionnaires. It also covers survey research designs like cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Finally, it summarizes the strengths and limitations of survey research.
Research is an important step in preparing an advocacy campaign. Careful, objective research educates supporters about causes and effects of problems. The document discusses various research methods like surveys, interviews, focus groups, and secondary data collection. It also covers topics like sampling, designing survey questions, analyzing qualitative and quantitative data, and presenting research findings to different audiences.
There exists a fundamental distinction between two types of data: Quantitative data is information about quantities, and therefore numbers, and qualitative data is descriptive, and regards phenomenon which can be observed but not measured, such as language
There are four main types of data and research methods: primary data, secondary data, qualitative data, and quantitative data. Primary data involves directly collecting information through surveys or questionnaires, while secondary data analyzes previously collected data from other sources. Qualitative data describes information in specific details rather than numbers, and explores topics in depth through interviews. Quantitative data expresses information numerically and can generalize findings to a whole population through statistically valid surveys, but has limited ability to probe answers. Each method has its own pros and cons regarding costs, accuracy, and level of detail obtained.
data collection is just systematic way approach for gather and measure information form variety source for the aim of get complete and accurate of an area that interested
The document provides an overview of research methodology. It discusses key aspects of the research process including developing research questions and hypotheses, research design, data collection methods, and data analysis. Some common data collection methods described are surveys, experiments, case studies, observations, interviews, and focus groups. The document also covers qualitative and quantitative research approaches, as well as descriptive, explanatory, and exploratory research.
This document discusses various techniques for collecting data. It defines quantitative and qualitative data and explains how they can be gathered from the same data unit. Primary data is collected directly by the researcher, while secondary data has already been collected. Common methods for collecting primary data include observation, interviews, questionnaires, schedules, and other techniques like content analysis. Factors like the nature, scope and objectives of the study, availability of funds and time, and required precision determine the appropriate data collection method. Precautions must be taken to ensure data is relevant, collected systematically, can be statistically analyzed, has minimal error, and is accurate, reliable, valid, complete and comprehensive.
Tools Of Data Collection, Questionnaire, Data Analysis, Types Of Data Analysis, Interviews, Data Presentations, Types of data Presentations, Audio Video Recordings, dichotomous check list type questions, rating scale questions, rank order questions, structured interviews, unstructured interviews, semi structured interviews, advantages and disadvantages of interviews, Types of data in research, data validation, data coding , data entering. Textual data Presentations, tabular data Presentations, graphical data Presentations, bar graph, pie or circle graph, line graph
There are three main types of data for research: primary data, secondary data, and qualitative data. Primary data involves directly collecting information through surveys or questionnaires, but it requires conducting the research yourself. Secondary data analyzes previously collected data, which is quicker and easier to access for free, but the information may not be tailored to your needs or accurate. Qualitative data describes characteristics through flexible interviews with small samples, allowing for depth, but the findings cannot be generalized to larger audiences. Quantitative data involves statistically valid surveys to generalize results to populations, but has limitations in probing answers and potential response biases.
TOOLS AND METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION(Nursing Research & Statistics)virengeeta
This document discusses data collection methods in research. It defines key terms like data, tools, techniques, and methods of data collection. It describes different types of interviews like structured, unstructured, semi-structured, in-depth, and focused group interviews. Factors that influence the selection of data collection methods are described, such as the nature of the phenomenon under study, type of research subjects, purpose of the study, and available resources.
TOOLS AND METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION(Nursing Research & Statistics)virengeeta
This document discusses data collection methods in research. It defines key terms like data, tools, techniques, and methods of data collection. It describes different types of interviews like structured, unstructured, semi-structured, in-depth, and focused group interviews. Factors that influence the selection of data collection methods are described, such as the nature of the phenomenon under study, type of research subjects, purpose of the study, and available resources.
This document provides an introduction to quantitative and qualitative research methods. It explains that the research approach chosen depends on the research questions, underlying philosophy, and skills of the researcher. Quantitative research uses numerical data and statistical analysis, while qualitative research uses words and focuses on understanding phenomena. Both have advantages and limitations. The document also discusses research design principles, data sources, analysis techniques, and key aspects to consider for quantitative and qualitative approaches.
This document discusses various methods for collecting data, including definitions, types, categories, and sources of data. It describes primary and secondary data and how each are collected. Common data collection methods like questionnaires, interviews, observation, and document analysis are explained along with their advantages and disadvantages. The key points are that there are various ways to collect both quantitative and qualitative data, and the optimal method depends on factors like the research question and available resources. Primary sources involve collecting original data while secondary sources use previously collected data.
The document discusses quantitative research methods. It begins by defining quantitative data as pieces of information that can be counted, often from large random samples. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are then described as complementary approaches. Key points about quantitative research include: it aims to determine relationships between variables; designs are descriptive or experimental; it focuses on numbers, logic and objectivity rather than divergent reasoning; and characteristics include using structured instruments, representative large samples, reliability, clearly defined questions, and numerical data. The strengths are broader generalization while weaknesses include less detail and flexibility.
This document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data. It describes primary data collection methods like observation, surveys, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides details on the types, processes, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. Secondary data is defined as already published data compiled by other agencies. The document emphasizes selecting appropriate data collection methods based on factors like the nature, size, and scale of the research.
This document discusses quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as research that uses numerical data and statistical analysis to characterize phenomena. Some key points made include:
- Quantitative research emphasizes measurements and statistical analysis of data collected through surveys and questionnaires.
- It aims to identify relationships between variables and test models or designs.
- It typically uses organized research instruments to collect large, representative data samples that can be replicated.
- Findings are presented numerically in tables, charts and figures and analyzed statistically.
This document discusses different methods of data collection. It defines data collection as the process of systematically gathering and measuring information on variables of interest in order to answer research questions and test hypotheses. The two main types of data are qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data is non-numerical, descriptive data often in the form of words, while quantitative data is numerical and can be mathematically computed. Common qualitative methods include interviews and focus groups, while quantitative methods include surveys, experiments, and observational studies. The document also discusses mixed methods research, which combines qualitative and quantitative approaches.
The document provides an overview of research methods for a final exam review. It discusses the exam format, guidelines for constructing surveys, different question types, ordering questions, self-administered questionnaires, and analyzing data. It also covers field research, agency records, secondary data analysis, content analysis, evaluation research, experimental designs, and interpreting findings. The exam will include multiple choice and short answer questions covering these topics on survey design, qualitative methods, quantitative analysis, and applying research to evaluate policies.
The document provides an overview of research methods for a final exam review. It discusses the exam format, guidelines for constructing surveys, different question types, ordering questions, self-administered questionnaires, and analyzing data. It also covers field research, agency records, secondary data analysis, content analysis, evaluation research, experimental designs, and interpreting findings. The exam will include multiple choice and short answer questions covering these topics on conducting research and analyzing data.
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As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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How to Show Sample Data in Tree and Kanban View in Odoo 17
Quantitative search and_qualitative_research by mubarak
1. Research methodology
Quantitative Research.
Qualitative Research.
Survey vs. questionnaire.
By: MUBARAK AHMED
2. Quantitative Research
Objective / purpose:
Aims to achieve an in-depth understanding of a situation / topic /
issue.
Classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an
attempt to explain what is observed.
Researcher knows clearly in advance what he/she is looking for.
Sometimes followed by qualitative research which is used to explore
some findings further.
Main characteristics are:
The data is usually gathered using more structured research
instruments.
The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative
of the population.
The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its
high reliability.
All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is
collected.
Data are in the form of numbers and statistics.
Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or equipment to
collect numerical data
3. Quantitative Research
Data collection:
Quantitative data collection involves the use of numbers
to assess information. This information can then be
evaluated using statistical analysis which offers
researchers the opportunity to dig deeper into the data
and look for greater meaning .
Quantitative → Quantity .
Deals with numbers.
Data which can be measured.
Length, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature,
sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc.
Common data collection methods :
Surveys (online, phone, paper)
Can done via interview also.
4. Quantitative Research
Advantages:
Quantitative research design is an excellent way of
finalizing results and proving or disproving a
hypothesis.
After statistical analysis of the results, a
comprehensive answer is reached, and the results
can be discussed and published.
Quantitative experiments are useful for testing the
results gained by a series of qualitative
experiments, leading to a final answer,
5. Quantitative Research
Disadvantages
Quantitative experiments can be difficult and
expensive and require a lot of time to perform.
Quantitative studies usually require extensive
statistical analysis, which can be difficult, due to
fact that most of the researchers know less about
statistics tools and how to use them.
Quantitative research design also tends to
generate only proved or unproven results.
6. Qualitative Research
Qualitative research refers to studies of subjects that are hard to
quantify, such as art history.
Data is in the form of words, pictures or objects.
The results of qualitative research are descriptive rather than
predictive.
The strength of qualitative research is its ability to provide complex
textual descriptions of how people experience a given research
issue.
It provides information about the “human” side of an issue
,behaviors, beliefs, opinions, emotions, and relationships of
individuals.
7. Qualitative Research
Data collection :
Deals with descriptions.
Data can be observed but not measured.
Colors, textures, appearance, beauty, etc.
Qualitative → Quality
Common data collection methods :
The three most common qualitative methods
1- Participant observation: is optimal for collecting data on
naturally occurring behaviors in their usual contexts.
2 - In-depth interview: is optimal for collecting data on
individuals’ personal histories, perspectives, and experiences,
particularly when sensitive topics are being explored.
3 -Focus groups : are effective in extracting data on the
cultural standard of a group and in generating broad overviews
of issues of concern to the cultural groups or subgroups
represented.
8. Qualitative Research
Advantages:
Qualitative techniques are extremely useful when a
subject is too complex to be answered by a simple
yes or no hypothesis.
Qualitative research methods are not as dependent
upon sample sizes as quantitative methods; a case
study, for example, can generate meaningful
results with a small sample group.
9. Qualitative Research
Disadvantages
Qualitative methods still require a lot of careful
thought and planning to ensure that the results
obtained are as accurate as possible.
Qualitative data cannot be mathematically
analyzed in the same comprehensive way as
quantitative results, so can only give a guide to
general trends.
It is a lot more open to personal opinion and
judgment, and so can only ever give observations
rather than results.
10. QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Criteria Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Purpose To understand & interpret social
Interactions.
To test hypotheses, look at
cause & effect, & make
predictions.
Group Studied Smaller & not randomly selected. Larger & randomly selected.
Type of Data
Words, images, or objects. Numbers and statistics.
Collected
Form of Data
Collected
Qualitative data such as open-ended
responses, interviews,
participant observations, field
notes.
Quantitative data based on
precise measurements using
structured & validated data-collection
instruments
Type of Data
Analysis
Identify patterns, features,
themes.
Identify statistical
relationships.
Role of
Researcher
Researcher & their biases may
be known to participants in the
study, & participant
characteristics may be known to
the researcher.
Researcher & their biases are
not known to participants in
the study, & participant
characteristics are hidden
from the researcher
Results Particular or specialized findings
that is less generalizable.
Generalizable findings that
can be applied to other
populations.
11. QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Criteria Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Scientific
Method
Exploratory or bottom–up: the
researcher generates a new
hypothesis and theory from the
data collected.
Confirmatory or top-down:
the researcher tests the
hypothesis and theory with
the data.
Most Common
Research
Objectives
Explore, discover, & construct. Describe, explain, & predict.
Nature of
Observation
Study behavior in a natural
environment.
Study behavior under
controlled
conditions; isolate causal
effects.
Final Report Narrative report with description
& direct quotations from research
participants.
Statistical report with
correlations, comparisons of
means, & statistical
significance of findings.
12. Survey And questionnaire
Survey:
Survey is defined as the measure of opinions or experiences
of a group of people /individual through the asking of
questions.
Questionnaire :
Questionnaire is defined as a set of printed or written
questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes
of a survey or statistical study.
A questionnaire is a tool to be used for a survey.
13. Survey And questionnaire
When conducting a survey your list of questions is
called your questionnaire.
A survey, on the other hand, encompasses all aspects
of the research process, including research
design, survey construction, sampling method, data
collection, and response analysis.
Surveys can be carried out in 2 ways:
1- Questionnaires:
Researchers give the questionnaires to the candidates
who fill it out and then he collects and analyze it.
2- Interviews: (personal/ phone)
One on one, searcher asks questionnaires to the
candidate himself.
14. Surveys advantages and
disadvantages
Advantages
The major noticeable advantages of surveys are time saver as
surveys allow to collect a large amount of data in short time.
Surveys are less expensive than most of the other type of data
collection methods.
Surveys are allowed to collect data on wide range of things.
Surveys are flexible ,can easily be combined with other methods
to produce richer data. for instance, you might want to consider
also using diaries, focus groups, or in-depth interviews.
Disadvantages
Accuracy, the response given may not reflect the reality.
Surveys are not so good at explaining why people think or act as
they do .
For example Surveys can tell us how many people behave in a
certain way or how many patients were dissatisfied with their
treatment, but they may be limited in the information they can
provide as to why this is so .
15. Methods of doing surveys
E-mail survey: (Commonly used in all areas)
Advantages:
Fast results
Easy to modify
Data sets are created in real time
Inexpensive in most cases
Large sample size
Disadvantages:
Honesty of responses can be an issue
Face to face interviews:
Advantages:
Face to face communication- more honest answers
Subject are more likely to give more accurate and detailed answers (qualitative
data)
Disadvantages:
Some people do not like to talk about personal information (prefer to write)
Time consuming
Expensive
Smaller sample size
16. Methods of doing surveys
Telephone: (mainly businesses) :
Advantages:
Higher response rate .
Higher validity of answer .
Disadvantages:
More time consuming.
Might be expensive (international surveys) .
Might be annoying to the subjects to be contacted on phone .
On-line survey:
Advantages
Very fast results
Used in large scale of industries
Cheap and very efficient
Easy to target certain interest groups (i.e Facebook)
Easy to process the data
Disadvantages:
Difficult to validate the gathered data
Subject might not give complete/ honest answers
Not suitable for people who do not use computers