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Benchmark cCstomer Day 22nd September 2010 - Building Regs Presentation

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The document summarizes the UK's Non-Domestic Building Regulations Part L2A and L2B from 2010. Key points include: - Regulations were updated in 2010 to require a 25% reduction in CO2 emissions for new buildings and improved energy efficiency standards for refurbishments. - Compliance involves meeting targets for fabric performance, limits on thermal bridging and air leakage, and summer overheating. - Notional buildings were introduced as baseline specifications to demonstrate compliance. Wall and roof insulation thickness increased significantly. - Regulations differ slightly between England/Wales and Scotland but generally drive higher performance standards across new builds, extensions and refurbishments. - The changes mark significant progress toward

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The document discusses standards being developed for carbon accounting in buildings and construction. It notes that BSI, CEN, ISO, and other standards bodies are working on frameworks to measure embodied carbon in products and services as well as carbon emissions from buildings, materials, and systems throughout their lifecycle from production to use to disposal. The document raises questions about what exactly is being standardized, such as whether it is focusing only on carbon or broader environmental impacts, and whether the standards are for products, systems, or whole buildings.

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This document discusses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to expand the analysis capabilities of dynamic simulation models (DSMs) for building design. It provides examples of how CFD can provide more detailed thermal comfort and airflow information than DSMs alone for spaces like offices, atriums, and data centers. By importing boundary conditions from DSM results, CFD can model local temperature variations and complex airflow patterns to help optimize HVAC system design.

2018 03 Embodied Energy in Buildings

Jennifer Fox

Since the 1970s, energy efficiency in buildings has primarily focused on reducing operational energy. However, as buildings become more efficient, embodied energy becomes increasingly significant. With the rise in green building programs, architects and engineers are giving more attention to ways that reduce embodied energy. This paper presents opportunities to address embodied energy in buildings.

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Modelling Natural Ventilation in IES-VE: Case studies & Research Outlook

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Presented at Technical Seminar: Ventilative Cooling & Overheating Risk - Cork Institute of Technology, 20th April 2016 This half day seminar for researchers, designers, engineers & architects, is organised in collaboration with IEA-EBC Annex 62 and will present state of the art in utilising ventilation for reducing cooling energy demand and addressing the risk of overheating in low energy buildings. The presentation focuses on natural ventilation modelling features in the IES-VE Virtual Environment and case study of the application of some of these features as part of the ASHRAE LowDown ShowDown Competition 2015.

Webinar: Post-combusion carbon capture - Thermodynamic modelling

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Vladimir Vaysman from WorleyParsons gave a Global CCS Institute webinar on 12 March 2013 to present a generic methodology developed to provide independent verification of the impact on a coal–fired power station of installing and operating a post-combustion capture plant. Vladimir illustrated the methodology using Loy Yang A power station in Australia in five different scenarios that cover carbon capture, air cooling, coal drying and plant optimisation. The methodology offers a sound approach to provide performance data and protect technology vendor IP while also providing confidence to the wider CCS community to evaluate a project. Vladimir is a Project Manager with more than 31 years of engineering experience, including 14 years with WorleyParsons. He has undertaken an array of design and analysis studies and developed significant expertise across a range of technologies, from pulverised coal and circulating fluidised bed, to integrated gasification combined cycle and carbon capture. Vladimir has participated in projects in Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Kazakhstan, Korea, Malaysia, Moldova, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Russia and Ukraine.

Energy audit conditional grant

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RMK 11 Energy Audit Conditional Grant Project; - Grant by the government to building sector to do energy auditing, in order to identify energy saving potentials. - Embarked recently under the RMK11 Energy Efficiency Projects (2016 – 2020). - In general the project component consists of ; a) Energy Auditing (3 years project starting in 2016 - 2018.) b) Implementation of the Energy Saving Measures, including Monitoring & Reporting (until 2020). c) Capacity building & trainings. Energy audit is a systematic process to understand how and where the energy being used, to explore on how to manage it and identify the energy savings potential.

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IES' David McCabe presented at the 9th International Conference Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings and Smart Communities (IEECB&SC’16) in Frankfurt on 16th March 2016. This presentation was in support of a paper published by IES R&D in conjunction with the EINSTEIN project. The paper can be viewed here: http://www.iesve.com/corporate/media-center/white-papers/general/hvac-afdd-jun2016.pdf

Development of Calibrated Operational Models for Real-Time Decision Support a...

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Presented at CIBSE Technical Symposium 2016, April 14-15, Heriot Watt Uni, Edinburgh Full paper available here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301621663_Development_of_Calibrated_Operational_Models_of_Existing_Buildings_for_Real-Time_Decision_Support_and_Performance_Optimisation Building simulation tools are commonly used in design for performance appraisal and optimisation. However, numerous studies have found that actual building performance often deviates significantly from simulation predictions. This paper proposes a detailed framework to produce calibrated operational models, which can support operational decision-making, and real-time control optimisation. The approach centres around a three-tier calibration process: Tier 1 focuses on Building-level (Demand-side) variables (e.g. occupancy, equipment, infiltration). Tier 2 focuses on system-level (HVAC) model components (e.g. heating / cooling coil capacities). In this phase, we use detailed building data combined with genetic optimisation techniques to calibrate relevant input parameters. In the case where system performance modelling is not necessary, we use free-form profiles (i.e. measured building data) to supplement these model components. Once system-level noise has been eliminated, in Tier 3 we calibrate the remaining plant-level parameters (e.g. central plant, electricity consumption, etc.). The approach is supported by two novel developments: (1) Free-form profiles: These are actual historic trends from existing building controllers, which are used to supplement model components where appropriate; (2) Genetic Optimisation algorithms are utilised to efficiently navigate the solution space to reduce discrepancies between the model and actual system performance. The proposed calibration approach builds upon prior research efforts to standardise the calibration process using evidence-based model development, combined with sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.

Indian energy efficiency scene..a macro perspective.

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India is committed to improving energy efficiency to reduce emissions. Key government initiatives to promote energy efficiency include Perform Achieve and Trade, standards and labeling, demand-side management programs, and financing platforms. These programs aim to unlock energy efficiency markets and achieve fuel savings, emissions reductions, and capacity avoidance. Major energy consuming sectors like aluminum, cement, fertilizer, and iron and steel have also made improvements in technology and processes to enhance energy efficiency.

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The document analyzes the use of BIM to evaluate the energy performance of retrofitting an educational building in Ireland. A Revit model was created of the proposed retrofit and analyzed using Green Building Studio software. Three runs were conducted: a base run of the upgraded building; a run adding an air source heat pump; and a run adding a gas condensing boiler. The results showed limitations in the software and did not achieve the desired NZEB targets. While BIM allowed for energy analysis and simulation, the software had restrictions and assumptions that impacted the accuracy of the energy use calculations.

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The document discusses India's Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC). It aims to set minimum energy efficiency standards for building design and construction. The ECBC encourages energy efficient practices that do not compromise occupant comfort or economic considerations. It provides the central and state governments powers to enforce compliance. The ECBC is estimated to reduce building energy use by 25-40% through requirements for the building envelope, lighting, HVAC, and other systems. Widespread adoption could yield annual national energy savings of over 1.7 billion kWh. Implementation faces barriers around first costs, product availability, and testing/certification.

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The document discusses the Highways Agency's efforts to account for and reduce its carbon emissions. It outlines the Agency's plan to measure its carbon footprint from sources like construction, maintenance, operations, and business activities. The Agency has implemented initiatives to switch off lighting overnight, manage traffic flows, and provide better traveler information to reduce emissions.

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The document provides an update from Fiona Smith regarding nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) and major renovations of domestic buildings according to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. It discusses Ireland's implementation of NZEB standards for new buildings by 2020 and cost optimal standards for major renovations. It also summarizes the requirements for major renovations to include upgrading insulation, heating systems, and controls when over 25% of a building envelope is renovated. Lastly, it provides examples comparing the standard requirements for new buildings in 2011, 2018 and the NZEB standards.

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1. The document outlines changes to Part L and NCM modelling guidelines for Part L 2021 compliance in England, including a primary energy target, nearly zero energy building requirement, and updated notional building specifications and carbon factors. 2. Key changes to the notional building include lower U-values, inclusion of solar PV, secondary hot water circulation where specified, and revised lighting and fan energy calculations. 3. New monthly carbon factors for grid electricity see a 62-82% reduction compared to Part L 2013 values.

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This document summarizes key findings from the IEA's book on transitioning to sustainable buildings. It finds that buildings are the largest end-use sector for energy and that demand is projected to rise 50% by 2050 without new policies. The book outlines a scenario where stringent new building codes and retrofitting of existing buildings could reduce energy demand in buildings by 25% by 2050 through commercially available technologies. This would realize energy savings of 40 exajoules and emissions reductions of 9 gigatons of CO2 per year primarily through fuel switching and efficiency improvements in space and water heating, cooling, lighting, and appliances. The recommendations focus on policies like building codes, standards for equipment and appliances, and technologies such as heat pumps

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The document summarizes the early room design phase of an integrated energy design process for a school building extension in Aarhus, Denmark. It outlines the performance requirements for the project, including energy usage below 25 kWh/m2/year. Room geometry considerations are discussed based on function and energy usage. Office rooms are proposed to be 36m2 to accommodate 4 people, while classrooms are 90m2 to allow flexibility. Energy demands are estimated to be higher for north-facing rooms than south-facing due to lighting and heating needs, but overall building energy targets will be met. Initial room designs will be presented for offices and classrooms facing north and south.

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The document describes a life cycle analysis (LCA) modeling study of a photovoltaic (PV) module. It discusses the methodology, including defining the functional unit as producing electricity at 12% efficiency over 1 year from a specified PV module. It describes data collection from the various production plants and modeling the production phase in TEAM software. Key results shown are that production accounts for over 99% of primary energy/greenhouse gas impacts and almost all water consumption, with electricity production and glass manufacturing being the most significant contributors.

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(1) Dr. Tamaryn Napp has been involved in energy systems modeling at the Grantham Institute since 2010, developing their own model called Grantham-TIAM based on the ETSAP-TIAM model since 2014. (2) In work for the AVOID 2 program, they have run initial scenarios investigating CO2 budgets for temperature targets of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 4.0°C, finding higher CO2 prices for more constrained delayed action scenarios. (3) Preliminary results comparing Grantham-TIAM with other models MESSAGE and WITCH show similar emissions pathways and costs of mitigation, though further analysis is still needed.

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This document compares energy and power system modeling in Ireland and Japan. It outlines: 1) Context on energy use, emissions and renewable targets in both countries. 2) Modeling tools used in each country, including OPGM and DNE21 models in Japan and TIMES and PLEXOS models in Ireland. 3) Results of linking OPGM and DNE21 in Japan, showing reduced PV integration. Results in Ireland show reduced wind integration when linking TIMES and PLEXOS. 4) Planned next steps include data exchange, building comparable models, and cross-validating results between the two countries.

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This document summarizes the results of a study applying a methodology called "model archaeology" to analyze the development of the UK MARKAL energy system model over multiple versions from 2002 to 2012. Model archaeology examines changes to a model's inputs (e.g. technology parameters) and outputs (e.g. energy consumption) between versions. The study found the UK MARKAL model evolved through four stages - initial development, experimentation and incremental improvement, reflection, and maturity and reimagining. Input and output metrics were analyzed to understand how changes to technologies, constraints, and parameters influenced outputs over time as the model balanced complexity and accuracy.

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michaeljmack

This presentation provides an overview of sustainable design and energy efficient features. It discusses two case studies: the Tahoe Center for Environmental Science and 1084 Foxworthy. Both case studies utilized numerous sustainable features like high efficiency lighting, daylighting, renewable energy systems, and efficient equipment. The 1084 Foxworthy case study achieved net zero energy use through a 30kW photovoltaic system sized to match annual electricity needs. The presentation concludes by emphasizing the importance of an integrated design process and client commitment for successful green building projects.

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The document discusses ASHRAE's goals and initiatives around sustainability and net zero energy buildings. It outlines ASHRAE's roadmap to develop tools enabling net zero energy buildings by 2030 through standards like 90.1 and 189.1. It also discusses opportunities in existing buildings, which represent most buildings that will exist in 2030 and offer the greatest potential for reduced energy use through retrofits.

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1) The document discusses energy conservation and load distribution analysis conducted at VIIT. It analyzed the institute's energy usage and expenses from 2012-2014. 2) Solar panels were installed in 2013, which led to a decrease in electricity expenses from nearly Rs. 11 lakh in 2012 to Rs. 7.98 lakh in 2013 despite increased campus load. 3) Further energy conservation measures helped reduce expenses further to Rs. 5.14 lakh in 2014, representing over 60% savings from 2012 levels.

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The 2013 standards updated §10-103 to require electronic registration and submission of compliance documents, clarify roles and responsibilities, and describe rules for approving compliance software. It also requires acceptance test technicians to be certified by an approved provider for conducting lighting and mechanical acceptance tests, and for field technicians and contractors to be trained and certified.

21st Century Energy Efficient Building Design Towards 2060 Net Zero Emission ...

Ahmed Y Taha Al-Zubaydi

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This document summarizes an energy audit conducted at Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). The audit assessed 8 buildings and found that the Department of Development building consumed 322,402 kWh per year, with air conditioning making up 64% of energy usage and lighting 20%. Recommendations included installing shading, optimizing daylighting, changing to more efficient light fittings, and implementing automatic timers and sensors. Behavioral changes like awareness campaigns were also suggested to reduce energy 10% and lower costs.

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This document provides an overview and guidance on modelling building ventilation systems for compliance with the UK Building Regulations Part O, which addresses overheating risk assessments. It discusses the key requirements of Part O, including the simplified and dynamic thermal modelling assessment methods. It then focuses on modelling mechanical ventilation systems like MVHR and MEV using IES VE software, covering how to set up the systems in ApacheSim and ApacheHVAC, and the differences between the two approaches. Internal doors, weather files, and questions from attendees are also briefly addressed.

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The document discusses common daylight modelling approaches used in Australia and New Zealand, including: 1) Daylight Factor (DF), Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA), Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE), and Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) metrics. 2) Protocols for the National Construction Code (NCC), Green Star, and New Zealand standards including minimum daylight levels and hours of direct sunlight. 3) Challenges of daylighting in Australia's climate and strategies to overcome high glare and temperatures like window glazing, light shelves, and shading.

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