Special Quadrilaterals All Of Chapter 8guestc175586
The document discusses different types of quadrilaterals (four-sided polygons), including their defining properties. It describes parallelograms, rectangles, rhombuses, squares, trapezoids, and kites. Key properties include having parallel sides, right angles, congruent sides, bisected diagonals, and perpendicular or congruent diagonals. A Venn diagram compares the properties of these special quadrilaterals.
This document defines key terms and equations related to simple harmonic motion (SHM). It discusses oscillating systems that vibrate back and forth around an equilibrium point, like a mass on a spring or pendulum. The key parameters of SHM systems are defined, including amplitude, wavelength, period, frequency, displacement, velocity, acceleration. Equations are presented that relate the displacement, velocity, acceleration as sinusoidal functions of time. The concepts of kinetic, potential and total energy are also explained for oscillating systems undergoing SHM.
Physics is the study of natural phenomena and fundamental forces such as motion, energy, and forces. It is the most basic of the physical sciences and all other sciences are built upon concepts in physics. Physics can be divided into various subfields including mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and waves. Physics plays a key role in technological advances and improving quality of life through applications in areas like medicine, transportation, communication technologies, and more. Vectors and scalars, as well as other core physics concepts like displacement and velocity are important to understand motion and interactions between matter and energy.
6.4 Translations of Sine and Cosine Graphssmiller5
This document discusses how to translate and write equations for graphs of sine and cosine functions by modifying their amplitude, period, vertical translation, and phase shift. It provides examples of writing equations from graphs based on identifying these parameters. Key aspects covered include how horizontal and vertical shifts affect the graph, defining phase shift, and techniques for determining the equation components like amplitude, period, and phase shift from a graph.
Physics is divided into classical physics and modern physics. Classical physics deals with macroscopic objects and phenomena and includes mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and optics. Modern physics concerns the microscopic properties of matter and includes atomic physics, quantum physics, and solid state physics, exploring discoveries made in the 20th century like quantum mechanics. There are also branches that apply physics principles to different domains like astrophysics, biophysics, geophysics, and more specialized fields including acoustics, optics, plasma physics, and particle physics.
This document discusses scalar and vector quantities in physics. It defines scalars as physical quantities that have magnitude but no direction, while vectors have both magnitude and direction. Examples are given such as distance, time and mass for scalars, and displacement, velocity and force for vectors. The document then explains how to add scalar and vector quantities, noting that vectors are represented by arrows and can be added graphically by placing the arrows head to tail. It provides examples of adding vectors in the same and opposite directions. Finally, it presents a homework problem on calculating distance and displacement.
I do not have enough information to fully answer the questions. The passage provides the kinetic energy and heights of points A and B, but does not give the mass of the block, which is needed to calculate kinetic energy at B using the work-energy theorem. It also does not provide the distance or time of travel between B and C, which would be needed to calculate the work done by friction during the BC segment.
The document describes several methods for finding the vector sum (resultant) of two or more vectors, including:
1. The parallelogram method draws the vectors to form a parallelogram, with the resultant being the diagonal.
2. The cosine method uses a formula involving the magnitudes of the vectors and the angle between them.
3. The polygon method connects the vectors tip to tail to form a polygon, with the resultant connecting the initial and final points.
4. The analytic method resolves the vectors into their x and y components, sums the respective components, and determines the resultant's magnitude and direction from the sums and a formula.
This document discusses physical quantities and vectors. It defines two types of physical quantities: scalar quantities which have only magnitude, and vector quantities which have both magnitude and direction. Examples of each are given. Vector quantities are represented by magnitude and direction. The document then discusses methods for adding and subtracting vectors graphically using head-to-tail and parallelogram methods. It also covers resolving vectors into rectangular components, finding the magnitude and direction of vectors, dot products of vectors which yield scalar quantities, and cross products of vectors which yield vector quantities. Examples of applying these vector concepts are provided.
This document contains lecture notes on quantum mechanics. It introduces key concepts like the Schrodinger equation, ket vectors, operators, and Hamiltonians. The notes are divided into multiple chapters that will cover topics such as the harmonic oscillator, angular momentum, perturbation theory, and other quantum systems. References are provided to textbooks where more of the material in the notes is based on. The notes are intended to review physical and mathematical concepts needed to formulate the theory of quantum mechanics.
Physics is the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. It includes the study of motion, forces, energy, and other concepts related to the behavior of physical bodies. The document provides definitions for 75 key physics concepts, including scalars, vectors, motion, forces, Newton's laws of motion, and frames of reference. It explains concepts like displacement, velocity, acceleration, gravity, inertia, and different types of forces and motions.
General Physics (Phys1011)_Chapter_5.pdfmahamedYusuf5
This document provides an overview of oscillations, waves, and optics covered in a General Physics course. It discusses topics like simple harmonic motion, the simple pendulum, wave characteristics, and image formation using lenses and mirrors. Key concepts explained include periodic and simple harmonic motion, Hooke's law, restoring forces, energy in spring-mass systems, and the characteristics of transverse and longitudinal waves. Real-world examples of oscillations and waves are also provided.
This chapter discusses equilibrium of rigid bodies. It introduces the concepts of free-body diagrams and equations of equilibrium. Free-body diagrams represent all external forces acting on a body isolated from its surroundings. The equations of equilibrium are ∑F=0, ∑M0=0, where ∑F is the sum of all external forces and ∑M0 is the sum of all external moments about a point O. Several examples demonstrate how to draw free-body diagrams and identify the different types of forces and supports. Alternative sets of equilibrium equations are also presented.
1) Circular motion involves objects moving along a circular trajectory with changing speed but constant direction. It can be uniform, where the angular velocity is constant, or accelerated, where the angular velocity changes linearly with time.
2) Key quantities in circular motion include period, frequency, linear velocity, and angular velocity, which can be calculated using relationships like the period equation or the definition of angular velocity.
3) Centripetal acceleration points toward the center of the circle and depends on an object's linear speed and the radius of its path.
4) The position angle specifies an object's location along the circular arc and can be used to analyze both uniform and accelerated circular motion.
لكل نظام تعليمي في بلد أو كيان معين خصوصية تميزه عن غيره، وهذه الخصوصية تأهله ليكون تجربة يحتذى بها في بلدان أخرى تطمح لتحسين نظامها التعليمي أو إستبداله بشكل تام. ومن الأمثلة على هكذا أنظمة تعليمية ناجحة هو النظام التعليمي الأوربي أو كما يُشار إليه بمسار بولونيا، والذي كان هدفه رفع جودة التعليم في بلدان الإتحاد الأوربي وجعلها تقريباً بمستوى متقارب. هذا النظام أو المسار تم إعتماده للتنفيذ في الجامعات العراقية الآن، ولتسهيل عملية فهم وإدراك هذا النظام سوف أقدم في هذا التقرير شرحاً مبسطاً لحساب الوحدات فيه.
1) Vectors are quantities that have both magnitude and direction, unlike scalars which only have magnitude. Common vector quantities include force, velocity, and displacement.
2) Vectors can be described by their magnitude, direction, and reference frame. Direction is measured in degrees from the x-axis.
3) Vector operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division can be performed graphically or using components and trigonometry. Parallel vectors can be added/subtracted algebraically but others require using components.
4) To add vectors using components, each vector is broken into x and y components using trigonometry. The x and y components can then be added separately and combined to find the overall resultant vector.
1. Einstein used thought experiments and his principle that indistinguishable phenomena are the same to formulate the theory of special relativity.
2. The two postulates of special relativity are that all physical laws are the same in any inertial reference frame and that the speed of light is constant.
3. Key consequences of special relativity include time dilation, where moving clocks run slow, and length contraction, where lengths appear shorter to observers in motion.
This document outlines the key concepts and objectives covered in Chapter 1 of an engineering mechanics textbook. It introduces the fundamental topics of mechanics including particles, rigid bodies, Newton's laws of motion and gravitation. It also reviews the SI system of units and procedures for dimensional analysis, significant figures and numerical calculations. The objectives are to provide an introduction to the basic concepts and quantitative methods of mechanics.
The document discusses trigonometric ratios and right triangles. It defines trigonometric ratios like sine, cosine, and tangent using the sides of a right triangle. It also describes two special right triangles - the 30-60-90 triangle and the 45-45-90 triangle - that are used often in trigonometry.
This document summarizes a physics lecture on electrical charges and Coulomb's law. It discusses the structure of atoms and how they can become charged by gaining or losing electrons. Coulomb's law is then introduced, stating that the electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Several example problems are worked through applying Coulomb's law to calculate the electrostatic force between charged objects at varying distances.
The document discusses Saudi Arabia's 2016 budget and economic outlook amid low oil prices. It announces planned spending cuts, subsidy reforms, and taxation to address a projected $87 billion deficit. Saudi Arabia will need $4 trillion in investments by 2030 to diversify its oil-dependent economy. The construction sector is highlighted as a focus for maintaining investment. Several major building and infrastructure projects expected to begin in 2016 are outlined, with total estimated values provided.
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare, inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the HPRT enzyme. It is characterized by overproduction of uric acid leading to physical issues like kidney stones and neurological effects such as cognitive impairment and self-mutilation. There is no cure, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms. Prognosis is generally poor due to the neurological disabilities associated with the condition.
This document discusses the importance of database design and the database life cycle (DBLC). It states that carefully designing a database makes it easier to use, maintain and ensure data consistency, while poor design can result in data redundancy and incorrect results. The DBLC involves determining requirements, creating a conceptual model, developing a logical schema, optimizing the schema through normalization, and implementing the physical database in a management system.
1. General Physics I
Mechanics
Principles and Applications
Lecture 1
Dr. Hazem Falah Sakeek
www.hazemsakeek.com
1
2. Course Text Book
Physics for scientists and engineering with
modern physics.
By
R. A. Serway,
General Physics 1 Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 2
3. General Physics 1 Course Syllabus
Week no. Courses
Week 1 Physics and Measurements
Kinematics Description of Motion
Week 2 Mechanics: Dynamics The Law of
Motion
Week 3 Work and Energy
Week 4 Revision and Exercises
General Physics 1 Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 3
4. General Physics 1 Course Syllabus
Week 5 Potential energy and
conservation energy
Week 6
Week 7 Revision and Exercises
General Physics 1 Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 4
5. General Physics 1 Course Syllabus
Week 8 The law of universal
gravitation
Week 9 Periodic Motion: Simple
Week 10 harmonic motion
Week 11 Revision and Exercises
General Physics 1 Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 5
6. Physics and Measurements
Physics and Measurements 1.1
Physical Quantity 1.2
Unit systems 1.3
Derived quantities 1.4
Dimensional Analysis 1.5
Vector and Scalar 1.6
Coordinate system 1.7
Properties of Vectors 1.8
The unit vector 1.9
Components of a vector 1.10
Product of a vector 1.11
Problems 1.12
General Physics 1 Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 6
7. الوحدات، والكميات الفيزيائية، والمتجهات
Units, Physical Quantities, and Vectors
مقدمة
يعتيبر عليم الفيزياء مين العلوم التجريبيية التيي تطورت بالتجارب العلميية ووضع
نتائجها في صورة نظرية ومعادلت رياضية وتبقى هذه النظريات صالحة طالما
تحقق نتائج التجارب التي تجرى وإل تهدم هذه النظريات أو تعدل.
يقوم عليم الفيزياء عليى القياسيات measurementsالتيي تجرى على
ظاهرة معينة وعليه يمكن اعتبار علم الفيزياء بأنه علم التجربة والقياس. وتطور
هذا العلم عبر العصور من خلل انجازات علماء الفيزياء.
1 General Physics Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 7
8. الكميات الفيزيائية
)الكميات الفيزيائية الساسية والكميات الفيزيائية المشتقة(
في البداية سنقوم بتعريف لبعض المفاهيم الساسية التي سنحتاجها خلل دراستنا •
لهذا المقرر، فمثل أيي رقيم تسيتخدمه لوصيف ظاهرة فيزيائية physical
phenomenonتسيمى كميية فيزيائيية physical quantityالكمية
الفيزيائية تعرف باستخدام طريقتين هما
التعريف من خل ل طريقة قياسها measurements
التعريف من خل ل طريقة حسابها calculations
فعليى سيبيل المثال يمكين اسيتخدام المسيطرة لقياس المسيافات أيو اسيتخدام ساعة •
اليقاف لقياس الزمن بين حدثين كل من المسافة والزمن عرف من خلل طريقة
م ً
قياسه. أما الطريقة الثانية تعتمد على الحساب فمثل السرحة تحسب من المسافة
ا ُ
على الزمن.
1 General Physics Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 8
9. تابع: الكميات الفيزيائية
)الكميات الفيزيائية الساسية والكميات الفيزيائية المشتقة(
وقد أصطلح على إن طريقة القياس المستخدمة لتعريف أي كمية فيزيائية على انه تعريف إجرائي •
،operational definitionفكال ملن الكتللة massألو الطول lengthألو الزمن
م ً
timeكلها كميات فيزيائية أساسية تعرف بالطريقة القياس وهي طريقة التعريف الجرائي.
الكميات الساسية
الكميات الساسية
في علم الميكانيكا
في علم الميكانيكا
الزمن
الزمن الطول
الطول الكتلة
الكتلة
Time
Time Length
Length Mass
Mass
كما أن هناك كميات فيزيائية مشتقة مثل السرعة والعجلة والقوة والطاقة وسميت كميات فيزيائية •
مشتقة لنها تعتمد على الكميات الفيزيائية الساسية ويتم تعريف تلك الكميات من خالل طريقة
ظحسابها فمثال تعرف السلرعة بأنها مقدار التغير في المسلافة عللى الزمن، لظحظ هنا ألن تعريف
م ً
السرعة كان من خالل وصف الطريقة التي نحسبها بها والتي تعتمد على كميات فيزيائية أساسية
هي المسافة والزمن.
1 General Physics Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 9
10. الوحدات Units
عندما نقيس كمية فيزيائية نستخدم المقارنة مع مرجع قياسي فمثال ظحينما نقول أن طول ظحبل هو
م ً •
03 متر فهذا يعني ان طول الحبل يعادل 03 مرة طول قطعة مستقيمة تم التعارف عليها ليكون
طولهلا القياسلي مترا وهذا المقياس يسلمى الوظحدة .unitإذا نفهلم ملن ذللك ان المتلر هو وظحدة
م ً
الطول كما أن الثانية هي وظحدة الزمن.
للقيام بقياسات دقيقة نحتاج إلى تعريف دقيق لكل وظحدة ل يعتمد على المتغيرات الفيزيائية مثل •
درجة الحرارة أو الرتفاع أو إذا كان على الرض أو أي مكان أخر في الكون، ولهذا طرأت عدة
تطورات على تعريف الوظحدات بتطور علم القياس فعلى سبيل المثال في عام 1971 عرف المتر
على أنه عشر المليون للمسافة بين خط الستواء والقطب الشمالي للكرة الرضية وعرفت الثانية
عللى أنله الزملن الالزم لبندول طولله متلر لعملل اهتزازة كاملة )ذهاب وإياب(. هذه التعريفات
عدلت في العام 9881 من قبل المنظمة الدولية للقياسات في مؤتمر علمي لتوظحيد نظام المقاييس
والوظحدات فمثال تم تعريف الثانية على انها جزء من طول يوم على الرض.
وفللي العام 0691 أصللبح هناك نظام قياس عالمللي موظحللد يعرف باسللم النظام الدولي •
international systemويرمز له بالرمز SI
1 General Physics Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 01
11. تابع: الوحدات Units
بناءل عللى النظام الدوللي international systemويرملز لله بالرملز SIأصلبح تعريلف الثانية
ً
والمتر والكيلوجرام على انه:
• الثانية
تعرف الثانيلة عللى أنهلا الزملن الالزم لكي تقوم ذرة
سللليزيوم بعدد يساوي 077,136,291,9
اهتزازة.
• المتر
عرف المتلر عللى المسلافة التلي يقطعهلا الضوء في
الفراغ خالل زمن قدره 8542979992/1
ثانية.
• الكيلوجرام
عرفت وظحدة قياس الكتلة وهي الكيلوجرام بأنها تعادل
كتلللة اسللطوانة قياسللية مللن خليط البالتينيوم
والريديوم platinum-iridiumوهي
المرجع للكيلوجرام.
1 General Physics Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 11
12. تابع: الوحدات Units
للتعامل مع مختلف الكميات الفيزيائية في هذا الكون الفسيح باستخدام الوظحدات الساسية فإنه تم •
تقسيمها إلى وظحدات أصغر أو مضاعفتها فمثال للتعامل مع البعاد الذرية يصبح المتر صغيرا جدا
وعند التعامل مع البعاد الكبير كل المسافات بين المدن أو المجرات يصبح المتر صغيرا جدا،
م ً
ولحل هذه المشكلة نستخدم مضاعفات للوظحدة على النحو الموضح في الجدول التالي:
1 General Physics Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 21
13. العبعاد من الصغير جدا إلى الكبير جدا
ً ً
General Physics 1 Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 13
14. Derived quantitiesالوحدات المشتقة
All physical quantities measured by physicists can be
expressed in terms of the three basic unit of length, mass,
and time. For example, speed is simply length divided by
time, and the force is actually mass multiplied by length
divided by time squared.
)كل الكميات الفيزيائية التي قام بقياسها الفيزيائيين هي عبارة عن كميات مشتقة من الكميات الفيزيائية
السماسية )الطول والكتلمة والزممن( فمثل السمرعة عبارة عمن الطول علمى الزممن، والقوة عبارة عن
.الكتلة مضروبة في الطول مقسومة على مربع الزمن
[Speed] = L/T = LT-1
[Force] = ML/T2 = MLT-2
where [Speed] is meant to indicate the unit of speed, and M,
L, and T represents mass, length, and time units.
General Physics 1 Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 14
15. Dimensional Analysisتحليل العبعاد
• The word dimension in physics indicates the physical nature
of the quantity. For example the distance has a dimension
of length, and the speed has a dimension of length/time.
• The dimensional analysis is used to check the formula,
since the dimension of the left hand side and the right hand
side of the formula must be the same.
Example
Using the dimensional analysis check that this equation x = ½ at2 is
correct, where x is the distance, a is the acceleration and t is the
time.
Solution
x = ½ at2
الطرف اليسر للمعادلة له بعد طول، ولكي تكون المعادلة صحيحة فإن الطرف اليمن يجب أن يكون
.له بعد طول أيضا، وللتحقق من صحة المعادلة نستخدم تحليل البعاد لطرفي المعادلة
ً،
General Physics 1 Dr. Hazem F. Sakeek www.physicsacademy.org 15