This document discusses empathy and its importance. It defines empathy as understanding another person's perspective and feelings rather than just sympathizing. There are three main types of empathy: emotional, cognitive, and compassionate. The document provides tips for applying empathy, such as understanding others' experiences from their point of view, being attuned to their emotions, and putting aside your own beliefs to make unbiased decisions. It also contrasts empathy and sympathy, noting that empathy involves a more active form of listening and understanding without judgment. Key components of empathy and behaviors to avoid are outlined. Finally, six habits of highly empathic people are listed.
This document discusses empathy and its importance in negotiation. It defines empathy as the ability to understand another person's perspective and share their feelings. The document outlines three types of empathy - cognitive, emotional, and empathetic compassion. It states that cognitive and emotional empathy are critical for negotiation success. The document also explores challenges with empathy, how it can help make negotiators more effective, and provides hypothetical scenarios to practice empathetic skills.
Empathic listening involves listening with the intent to understand how the speaker feels in addition to their ideas. It is an effective technique for emotional situations or conflicts as it allows the speaker to share feelings without judgment. To listen empathetically, reflect back the emotions and meaning perceived without questioning, judging or advising the speaker. The goal is to understand the other person's perspective.
Empathy in leadership : how will it serve the leaders and the team?
Much has been talked about the need for leaders to have empathy. At the same time, the conversation of how to develop empathy and on whether empathy can be learned or not has surfaced too.
Before we go into how empathy can be developed, let's take a look at how empathy helps leaders to be more effective with their team and what to be cautious on ie on how empathy can go wrong.
Yes, you read that right. It CAN go wrong, if it's not exercised with other EQ competencies and it can lead to burnout.
I believe this has been one of the major reasons why some leaders are very cautious or even reluctant about exercising empathy with their team.
Let me know what do you think.
This document discusses empathy, including its definition as understanding another person's state of mind or emotions. It outlines the differences between pity, sympathy, emotional contagion, empathy, and apathy. Guidelines are provided for becoming an empathetic listener, such as being attentive, reflecting back what the speaker says and feels, and avoiding interrupting or giving advice. The benefits of empathetic listening include building trust and respect and creating a safe environment for problem solving.
Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person's feelings and experiences. It involves both intellectual and emotional processes that help people understand others and solve problems. Empathy is important for social workers as it allows them to understand clients' situations and provide beneficial support. There are two main types of empathy - emotional empathy which involves sharing another's feelings, and cognitive empathy which involves understanding another's perspective. Empathy plays an important role in social work practice by improving client outcomes and allowing practitioners to better serve their clients.
Empathy is defined as putting oneself in another's shoes to understand their perspective and feel what they feel. Traits of empathy include listening openly without judgment, being highly sensitive and intuitive, and easily reaching out to others. Being empathic at work helps improve team performance by allowing struggles to be addressed, enhances workplace culture and bonding, and shows others that their well-being is cared for. Empathy is a solution that helps people connect and understand each other better.
Your Life Satisfaction Score (beta) is an indicator of how you thrive in your life: it reflects how well you shape your lifestyle, habits and behaviors to maximize your overall life satisfaction along the five following dimensions:
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Visit www.Authentic-Happiness.com to check your Life Satisfaction score. Free, no registration required.
This ppt is about communication style i.e Assertive, Aggressive, Passive and Submissive. The communication style self assessment link is shared in this ppt.
This document provides information about assertive communication. It defines assertiveness as honestly expressing opinions, feelings, and rights without infringing on others. The benefits of assertiveness include avoiding depression, resentment, frustration, anxiety, and poor relationships. Specific techniques for assertive communication are outlined, such as using "I" statements and making clear requests. Difficult situations like criticism can be handled through techniques like "broken record" and "fogging." Learning assertiveness improves self-respect and leads others to treat one with more respect.
This document provides an introduction to emotional intelligence. It discusses that EI accounts for 80% of career success and defines EI as the ability to identify, understand, and manage our own emotions and those of others. The main components of EI are self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. It also discusses how increasing self-awareness, self-management, empathy, and relationship management skills can help us interact better with others. The document emphasizes that EI is more important than IQ in predicting future success.
This document provides an overview of a workshop on building emotional intelligence (EQ). It discusses the five core EQ skills - self awareness, self regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. For each skill, it describes strategies for improving such as mindfulness meditation, understanding emotions, compassion exercises, and relationship management techniques. The goal is to help participants understand EQ, assess their current level, and learn ways to strengthen their emotional skills through activities and self reflection.
This document outlines important soft skills for employment such as honesty, teamwork, communication, positive thinking, and handling criticism well. It discusses soft skills like following rules, writing ability, attendance, common sense, appearance, completing tasks, and reading instructions. The document also emphasizes communicating effectively and being open to feedback without becoming defensive in order to improve.
Empathic communication is important for effective listening and relationships. It involves mentally understanding another person's feelings and perspective without judgment. There are different levels of listening including attentive, active, and empathic listening, which aims to understand the speaker without commenting. Empathic listening benefits relationships by building trust, making people feel valued, and minimizing misunderstandings. It has therapeutic effects by satisfying peoples' psychological needs to feel understood.
Interpersonal Skills are the life skills we use every day to communicate and interact with other people, both individually and in groups. People who have worked on developing strong interpersonal skills are usually more successful in both their professional and personal lives.
1. This document outlines 11 email etiquette rules that professionals should follow when sending emails. The rules include using a clear subject line, a professional email address, thinking carefully before hitting "reply all", using formal salutations like "Hi" instead of informal ones, sparingly using exclamation points, being cautious with humor, knowing cultural differences, replying to emails sent to you by mistake, thoroughly proofreading emails, adding the recipient's email address last, and double checking the recipient before sending.
Empathic listening involves listening with the intent to understand how the speaker feels in addition to their ideas. It is an effective technique to use in emotional situations or conflicts to allow the speaker to share emotions without judgment. Steps for empathic listening include listening carefully, displaying an open posture, considering the speaker's emotional state, calmly reflecting back their feelings and meaning, and avoiding behaviors like questioning or criticizing. The goal is to understand another person's point of view rather than having the conversation be about the listener.
The document discusses a newly divorced mother of two who is returning to school after 10 years to update her skills and network for a new start, though she is scared. It notes that she signed up for two classes, one lecture-based and one studio-based, and is very nervous but excited. It considers the challenges she may face integrating as a non-traditional student with time constraints and not seeking a degree, as well as creating positive networking opportunities for shifting student demographics.
Mirror neurons are neurons that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe the same action performed by another. Research has found that mirror neurons are activated during aesthetic experiences like viewing works of art. They help us understand others by simulating their emotions, actions, and intentions. When we view art, our mirror neuron system represents what we see and helps us empathize with the feelings and experiences being portrayed. This allows us to derive meaning and enjoyment from works of art through our own embodied simulations of the actions, emotions, and experiences depicted.
This document discusses empathy in counseling. Empathy involves two specific skills: perceiving and understanding a client's emotions, and communicating that understanding to the client. Empathy is important for building relationships and allowing other counseling skills to be effective. There are different levels of empathy, from basic verbal and behavioral expressions of understanding to more advanced empathy that explores deeper themes. Empathy also involves qualitative dimensions like positive regard, respect, concreteness, and authenticity.
This presentation discusses empathy and conflict resolution. It defines empathy as feeling what another person is experiencing from their perspective while maintaining one's own identity. The document outlines factors that help and hinder empathy like trust and inattentiveness. It also describes four types of "empathy blockers" to avoid: domination, manipulation, disempowerment, and denial. Finally, it emphasizes responding thoughtfully to others rather than reacting automatically to open communication and build richer relationships.
Feelings and empathy in organisational behaviourAbhishek kyal
This is brief presentation about individual about there feelings and empathy, their behavior and response to the situation and prepare your action accordingly.
This document discusses empathy and why it is important. It provides several definitions and techniques for developing empathy, including deep listening, perspective taking, avoiding judgment, and recognizing emotion. Some specific empathy techniques discussed are contextual inquiry, empathy mapping, journey mapping, and co-creation. Developing empathy is presented as key to strategic product and service design by allowing businesses to better understand the underlying needs, attitudes, and behaviors of customers.
The document discusses mirrors, reflection, learning, empathy, and the future of education. It mentions looking at and behind mirrors, reflecting on others, neurons and learning, service learning, and engaging with teams for research purposes. It also discusses outdated school systems, competitive environments, knowledge economies, new frontiers, jobs and skills, autodidact learning, and the "mirror effect". The overarching themes appear to be self-reflection, learning from others, and the need to update education systems for future skills and knowledge-based economies.
1. The document discusses the neurobiology of psychopathic behavior, examining historical understandings, diagnostic criteria, and brain-based theories.
2. Key areas of the brain implicated in psychopathy include reduced gray matter in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus abnormalities, and dysfunction in the limbic system and basal ganglia.
3. Neurochemical factors like lower cortisol and higher testosterone levels may also contribute to psychopathic traits. Genetic factors such as variants in the SNAP-25 and MAO-A genes have been linked to aggression and antisocial personality disorder.
Billy O'Connor, a professor of physiology, discusses empathy and the brain. He notes that cognitive perspective taking and empathy occur in several areas of the brain, including the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, superior temporal sulcus, secondary somatosensory cortex, and temporo-parietal junction. Stories can elicit powerful empathic responses by transporting people into other worlds and changing the brain. Neurodiversity is key to our success and conditions like autism are not diseases.
This document discusses mirror neurons and their potential relationship to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It provides background on mirror neurons, outlining their basic properties and functions such as sensorimotor integration, understanding intentions, and facilitating empathy. The document then hypothesizes that a dysfunction of the mirror neuron system may underlie some characteristics of ASD, including social isolation and lack of empathy. It reviews evidence from EEG studies that found differences in mirror neuron activity in individuals with ASD compared to controls. The document concludes that a dysfunctional mirror neuron system could explain certain ASD symptoms like difficulties understanding intentions and exhibiting poor social skills.
Empathy has a profound impact on human connection and experience, and it can make or break many difficult interactions in our personal and professional lives. Join Dr. Tessa Misiaszek to understand the psychology of empathy and its clear path to customer loyalty, especially as it relates to the healthcare field.
Start Empathy is a global
network of social entrepreneurs, educators, thought leaders, parents, young people, business leaders, journalists, universities, philanthropists and others who are connecting, collaborating, and aligning knowledge and resources to make empathy learning a norm, particularly in childhood.
This document discusses the mirror neuron system and its role in neurorehabilitation. It begins by providing an overview of mirror neurons, their role in imitation and action understanding. It then discusses how the mirror neuron system can be used in neurorehabilitation approaches like motor imagery, mirror therapy, and action observation. While these mirror neuron-based interventions provide additional methods for motor training and recovery from stroke, there are also potential challenges to their use including damaged brain areas limiting activation and issues with patient fatigue or attention.
The document discusses theory of mind, including:
1) Defining theory of mind as the ability to infer mental states like beliefs, desires, intentions in oneself and others and understand they may differ.
2) The two main theories of how theory of mind develops are the theory-theory, which proposes it is based on learned folk psychology, and simulation theory, which suggests imagining oneself in another's perspective.
3) Theory of mind develops through childhood, starting with imitation and joint attention, then understanding knowledge, beliefs, and later false beliefs around ages 3-5. Neuroimaging research implicates temporal pole, medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior superior temporal sulcus in theory of mind.
The document discusses the differences between sympathy and empathy. Sympathy is acknowledging another's hardship and providing comfort, while empathy is understanding another's feelings by putting oneself in their shoes or having experienced similar circumstances. An example is given of a sympathetic response being "I'm sorry for your loss" whereas an empathetic response would be "I feel your pain, as I also lost my grandmother last year." The document provides tips for developing empathy in writing, such as considering the reader's perspective and reaction, and avoiding assumptions about the reader.
The document discusses teaching empathy in primary grades. It defines empathy as the ability to identify with another person's feelings or see from their perspective. Teaching empathy is important because it fosters acceptance, respect and reduces bullying. Young students ages 5-8 are developmentally ready to discuss empathy concepts. Teachers can promote empathy by creating a safe environment, leading by example, engaging students through activities like storytelling and problem solving, and reflecting on shared values and differences.
This document discusses the life skill of empathy. It defines empathy as understanding and sharing the feelings of others. It then provides examples of how some notable individuals improved their empathy through experiential learning, such as living as someone from a different social class would. The document concludes by listing six habits of highly empathic people, such as challenging prejudices and developing an ambitious imagination. The overall purpose is to share lessons about life skills as part of a 66-day challenge.
This document discusses philosophical perspectives on interpersonal relationships. It covers several key points:
1. Existentialism views interpersonal relationships through the lens of one's awareness of self and others. Relationships involve acknowledging others as separate individuals.
2. Intersubjectivity refers to the shared understanding between individuals through social interaction. Deeper relationships involve viewing others as genuine and unique.
3. Some philosophers like Sartre saw relationships as frustrating and inauthentic, while others like Husserl and Marcel emphasized empathy, availability, and genuine dialogue between individuals.
4. Christianity defines ideal relationships as fellowship, love, support and care for others as exemplified through God's relationship with humanity
This document discusses philosophical perspectives on interpersonal relationships. It covers topics like positive and negative liberty, human agency, existentialism, phenomenology, and intersubjectivity. It analyzes how relationships shape our understanding of reality and how we present ourselves to others. The document also discusses how different philosophers like Sartre, Stein, Husserl, Marcel, and Buber viewed interpersonal relationships. Christianity is presented as defining ideal relationships through concepts like fellowship, love, and fulfilling God's covenant with humanity.
Strategic Note-taking for Social Sciences Research QRSTUV.docxrjoseph5
Strategic Note-taking for Social Sciences Research: QRSTUV
Title and
Author
Question Research
Methods
Summary of Findings Takeaway
Message
Unfamiliar
Vocabulary
Kenneth Gergen,
“Together We
Construct Our
Worlds”
P5-12
Since what we
consider real is
socially
constructed,
what makes
people agree it
is real.
For example:
Before we
know tree is
tree. What
makes people
believe it is
tree?
Observation Gergen argues the most important means
of reality maintenance is conversation. It
is through conversation that we create
social common sense, which is also what
makes our world today. For example, if we
do not agree on trees as trees, then, there
will be no trees.
Social Origins of Good and Real:
• The ways in which we understand the
world is not required by “what there is.”
• The ways in which we describe and
explain the world are the outcomes of
relationship.
• Constructions gain their significance
from social utility.
• Values are created and sustained within
forms of life (including science).
If everything we
consider real is
socially
constructed, then
nothing is real
unless people
agree that it is.
Social
Convention : are
those arbitrary rules
and norms
governing the
countless behaviors
all of us engage in
every day without
necessarily thinking
about them, from
shaking hands when
greeting someone to
driving on the right
side of the road.
Social Utility :
is a service, or
characteristic, that
benefits the
majority of
population of any
given society.
Gerld Handel,
Spencer Cahill,
Frederick Elkin,
“Human Neural
Plasticity and
Socialization”
P13-19
Is it possible to
have a child
who were
born with
disability to
succeed as a
normal child?
Observation,
Content Analysis
• This article introduce the debate of
nature versus nurture focusing on human
development and individuals’
consequent abilities and characteristics.
• The author of shows a couple studies
that is limited to the importance of
neural plasticity during primary or
children socialization.
• The author is proven that neural
plasticity of human brain are the
foundation of child development. It is
what shapes the child’s personality and
abilities.
• However, socialization/experience
shapes biological functioning. In another
word, experience is what shapes the
neural circuitry of the human brain and
sustain it.
Humans have
not a single but
dual nature.
Human Neural
Plasticity : The
brain's ability to
reorganize itself by
forming new neural
connections
throughout life.
Synapse : a junction
between two nerve
cells, consisting of a
minute gap across
which impulses pass
by diffusion of a
neurotransmitter.
Infantile Autistic:
characterized by lack
of interest in others,
impaired
communication skills,
and bizarre behavior,
as ritualistic acts and
excessive attachment
to objects.
Kent Sandstorm,
“Symbols and the
Creation of
Reality”
P20-27
What is some
downside when.
The document discusses different perspectives on the self and its development through social interactions. It addresses how children internalize social norms and values through language and interactions from a young age based on theories from Mead and Vygotsky. Family plays a key role in shaping one's self-hood and initiating them into ways of living. The self is also discussed as a mental construct that is created and recreated through memory and is influenced by social comparisons and relationships.
LAS-6-IPHP- intersubjectivity and its importanceAldhecruz2
This document discusses the concept of intersubjectivity, which refers to the mutual understanding and shared experiences between individuals. The key points are:
1. Intersubjectivity requires accepting differences in others and engaging in genuine dialogue and empathy.
2. It promotes seeing all people, including those with disabilities or from marginalized groups, as equal and appreciating their talents and contributions to society.
3. Developing intersubjectivity helps define human interactions through qualities like mutual understanding, acceptance of others' uniqueness, and seeing them as real persons regardless of attributes.
The document outlines six principles for an organization's diversity work:
1. It recognizes diversity in terms of many identities including race, gender, religion, and sexual orientation. Each identity has its own culture.
2. As an immigrant services agency, its starting point is often ethnoracial diversity, but it acknowledges the interconnected nature of identities and their impacts.
3. It sees diversity awareness as a two-way process of helping both minorities navigate mainstream culture and helping mainstream culture become more inclusive.
The document outlines six principles for an organization's diversity work:
1. It recognizes diversity in terms of many identities including race, gender, religion, and sexual orientation. Each identity has its own culture.
2. As an immigrant services agency, its starting point is often ethnoracial diversity, but it acknowledges the interconnected nature of identities and their impacts.
3. It sees diversity awareness as a two-way process of helping both minorities navigate mainstream culture and helping mainstream culture become more inclusive.
The document discusses how perceptions differ between individuals due to subjective experiences and the selective and creative nature of perception. It explains that culture, gender roles, and co-cultures all influence perceptions. Perceptions are shaped by one's unique experiences and background as well as social and cultural influences.
Rollo May was an influential existential psychologist who developed an existential-psychodynamic theory. Some key aspects of his theory include: viewing existence as preceding essence; that people experience alienation from themselves, others, and the natural world; and that anxiety, guilt, and a sense of meaninglessness can result from this alienation. May believed psychotherapy should help people experience existence more fully and regain a sense of freedom. He outlined stages of personality development centered around independence from parents. May's theory emphasizes concepts like authenticity, freedom, and responsibility for oneself.
This document summarizes two journal entries about social psychology concepts. The first entry discusses confirmation bias, describing how people tend to seek information that confirms their existing beliefs and ignore contradictory information. It provides examples of how confirmation bias can be seen in older generations clinging to traditional views. The second entry summarizes the concept of social facilitation, explaining how the presence of others can improve or hinder performance depending on an individual's level of preparation. It discusses examples of social facilitation in competitive school environments.
This document provides an overview of different philosophical perspectives on the self, including:
1) Socrates, Plato, Augustine, and Thomas Aquinas viewed the self as dualistic, composed of both body and soul or mind.
2) Descartes defined the self as the mind and thought separate from the body.
3) Hume saw the self as a "bundle of impressions" with no unified essence.
4) Mead and Vygotsky argued that language and social interaction shape cognitive development and the emergence of self-concept during childhood.
5) Psychology defines the self as a sense of personal identity developed through interactions with others and social/cultural influences over time.
Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, that is, the capacity to place oneself in another's position
This document introduces Nonviolent Communication (NVC), which aims to foster empathy and compassion between people. NVC uses specific language to clearly share observations, feelings, and needs without judgment. The goal is meeting everyone's needs through understanding each other. NVC symbolizes domination with a jackal and consideration with a giraffe. It provides a 4-step model for empathetic communication: observation, feeling, need, and request. The document explains how to both give and receive empathy using NVC.
The document discusses intrapersonal communication, which is communication with oneself through thinking, self-talk, and internal dialogue. It covers key aspects of intrapersonal communication like self-concept, perceptions, needs, and communication with others. The objectives are to reflect on self-introspection, understand how self-concept relates to intrapersonal communication, and gain a deeper understanding of one's own self-communication skills.
This document discusses intersubjectivity and how it relates to our interactions with others. Intersubjectivity refers to the shared understanding between individuals and is made possible by self-awareness and awareness of others. It involves acknowledging differences in others, appreciating their talents, and engaging in authentic dialogue. The document also examines philosophers' views on different levels of self-other awareness and provides examples of how intersubjectivity is demonstrated through empathy, ethics of care, and avoidance of alienation. It profiles several disabled individuals who overcame challenges through education and advocacy.
I apologize, but I do not have access to the text "Who do you think you are? Kinship, inheritance and identity?". The document provided in the prompt does not mention that text. Could you please clarify which document I should be summarizing?
This document provides an overview of a presentation on lateral kindness given by Greg Riehl. It begins with a land acknowledgment recognizing the traditional Indigenous lands. It then discusses the presenter's conflict of interest statement and learning objectives, which are to describe lateral kindness, explore unconditional positive regard, bullying and the role of victim, and share experiences supporting the Platinum Rule of treating others as they want to be treated. The presentation then discusses stories from the presenter's nursing career working with different communities and situations.
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2. CALL FOR NEW AGE OF OUTROSPECTION
• Outrospection meaning discovering who you are and how to live by stepping
outside yourself and exploring the lives and perspectives of other people.
• Create better balance between looking inwards and looking outwards
3. CONCEPT OF EMPATHY
• Empathy involves stepping into someone´s shoes gaining an understanding of their feelings
(affective aspect) and perspectives (cognitive aspect), and using that understanding to guide
our actions.
• Two approaches to empathy are:
1. Perspective-taking (also called ´cognitive empathy´)
Cognitive empathy develops naturally in early childhood – just at the time when the distinction
between self and other begins to emerge – tells us that human beings are inherently social creatures
wired for empathy. It is about the ability to imagine perspectives other than your own. It involves
making an imaginative leap and recognising that other people have different tastes, experiences and
worldviews than your own.
2. Shared emotional response (known as ´affective empathy´)
Affective empathy is about sharing or mirroring another person´s emotions. Leading to a shared
emotional response.
4. 6 HABITS TO INCREASE YOUR EMPATHY LEVEL
1. Switch on your empathic brain
2. Make the imaginative leap
3. Seek experiental adventures
4. Practise the craft of conversation
5. Travel in your armchair
6. Inspire a revolution
5. 1. SWITCH ON YOUR EMPATHIC BRAIN
• ´Mirror neurons´ are neurons that fire up both when we experince something (such
as pain) and also when we see somebody else going through the same experience.
People with lots of mirror cells tend to be more empathic, especially in terms of
sharing emotions.
• ´Mirror neurons´ allow is to grasp the minds of others not through conceptual
reasoning but through direct simulation. Our brains mirror the state of other people.
• Neuroscience has dicovered empathy in ´mirror neurons´
• Most people are able to expand their capacity for empathy throughout their lives -
especially their cognitive or perspective-taking empathy - by practising mindful
attention towards other people´s feelings and experiences.
6. 2. MAKE THE IMAGINATIVE LEAP: BARRIERS
• We face four fundamental social and political barriers that block the full expression
of our empathic imaginations: prejudice, authority, distance and denial.
• Highly empathic people consciously strive to make the imaginative leap into other
people´s mental worlds despite all the barriers mentioned.
• We must first explore the four barriers to empathy in more detail in order to defy
them:
• Prejudice. The vast majority have assumptions and prejudices of others. We are prone to
stereotyping, making snap judgements based on first impressions, and casually project
our biases and preconceptions onto people while knowing very little about the reality of
their lives. What all stereotyping has in common is an effort to dehumanise, to erase
individuality, to prevent us from looking someone in the eye and learning their name.
The consequence of this is that it creates culture of indifference that empathy finds
difficult to penetrate.
7. 2. MAKE THE IMAGINATIVE LEAP: BARRIERS
• Authority. Humans have the tendency to obey authorities. ´I was just following the orders´
• Highly sensitive to culture and context
• We learn obedience from teachers and parents, and slowly absorb the culture of obedience as we
grow up
• Highly empathic people have the desire and capacity to defy authority when empathic actions calls
for it.
• Distance. When we do not know people, when their lives are far away and unfamiliar, our
capacity to care about them is more difficult to ignite. The spatial distance.
• Also social distance where we have bias towards empathising with people who socially resemble us
in some way, such as educational background, ethnicity or religion.
• Temporal distance. We worry about the welfare of our children or grandchildren. Bonds start
becoming weaker with respect to our great-grandchildren and even further.
8. 2. MAKE THE IMAGINATIVE LEAP: BARRIERS
• Denial
• People, organisations, governments or whole societies are presented with information that is
too disturbing, threatening or anomalousto be fully absorbed or openly acknowledged. The
information is therefore somehow repressed, disavowed, pushed aside or reinterpreted.
• Human beings are particularly skilled at protecting themselves by inventing convenient
reasons why they do not need to take action to relieve the suffering of others.
• All four barriers are primarily inventions of culture, society and politics, rather than
traits deeply embedded in human nature. This means that we can, as individuals and
societies, find ways to challenge them.
9. 2. MAKE THE IMAGINATIVE LEAP: TOWARDS EMPATHY
• There are three steps to make the imaginative leap of empathy: we must a) humanise the
´other´, b)then discover what we share – and what we don´t – with people, and finally we
need to c) empathise with our enemies.
a) Humanise the ´other´: acknowledge the humanity of people - their individuality and
uniqueness – and treat them as beings of equal worth. E.g. Shindler´s list: ”I knew the
people who worked for me. When you know people, you have to behave towards them
like human beings.”
b) Discover what you share in common. We all possess deep wells of pain and sorrow that we
can draw on to help bridge social divides and create empathic bonds. We cannot assume
that others will share our moral codes, our tastes or our interpretations of the world. That
is why highly empathic persons also actively attempt to understand what they do not have
in common. We need to turn to the Platinum rule: ”Do unto others as they would have you
do unto them” – asking to resist the temptation of projecting our own experiences and
views onto others.
c) Empathise with your enemies. You can gain understanding of someone´s worldview
without having to agree with their beliefs or principles.
10. 3. SEEK EXPERIENTAL ADVENTURES
• Experiental learning may be the most demanding approach to empathising yet has the potential
to yield the greatest rewards. There are several way to try it for yourself:
• Immersion, physical like spending months in a wheelchair, become an undercover empathist. Try e.g. job
swap or shadowing for couple of days.
• Exploration, become like anthropologist who search out and closely observe lives and cultures that are
different from your own. For travelling to succeed in expanding our empathy, Che Guevara recommeds
to have project to direct you (his was to volunteer for a few weeks at the leper colony in Peru).
• Cooperation, working together with others leading to feel of belonging and empathy, think of it as
being in the same boat rather than the same shoes as other people. Thrust people together in an
intense shared experience or to pursue a common enterprise, and empathy is likely to flower.
• From the book by Griffin: Black like me: ”If only we could put ourselves in the shoes of others to
see how we would react, then we might become aware of the injustice of discrimination and the
tragic inhumanity of every kind of prejudice.”
• Pianists don´t perfect their technique by reading musical scores, nor carpenters by studying texts
on how to use a plane. They practise, practise, practise.
11. 4. PRACTISE THE CRAFT OF CONVERSATION
• Conversation is one of the essential ways in which we come to understand the inner emotional
life and ideas of others.
• Highly empathic people bring six unusual qualities to their conversations: curiosity about
strangers, radical listening, taking off their masks, concern for the others, a creative spirit, and
sheer courage
• Different communication guides, tips and ticks can make conversation mechanical and stilted,
introducing a serlf-consciousness and artificiality that actually get in the way of empathy
• The six habits in more details:
1. Curiosity about strangers. Curiosity can help us discover who are people around you, like neighbours,
co-workers, and how they see the world. We need to find ways of rediscovering the childhood
curiosity about strangers that most of us once naturally possessed. Conversations with strangers can
be an adventure in personal learning and enlightenment, a way to challenge your own ideas and
experiences to create a two-way dialogue, a ´conversation´ rather than an interview. Also essential to
realise is that most people actually want to talk about the things that matter to them. Offer them the
space, and they will open themselves to you.
12. 2. Radical listening is about our ability to pe present to what´s really going on within – to the unique
feelings and needs a person is experiencing in that very moment. A) presence involves emptying your
faculties and listening to the other person with your whole being, letting go of preconceived ideas and
judgements about them. B) consciously focus on identifying the other person´s feelings, and c) make a
concerted effort to understand their needs. One should also show understanding of the conversation by
paraphrasing what they have just said, reflecting their message back to them in the form of questions that
use neutral language.
3. Take off your mask. Empathy is built upon mutual exchange: if we are open with others, they are much
more likely to be open with us. Conversation is a two-way dialogue to create mutual understanding.
Removing your mask is about embracing vulnerability. In our culture vulnerability – exposing your
uncertainties, taking emotional risks – is considered failing, weakness. Brené Brown argues: ” We´re
brought up believing and being taught and seeing it modelled in our parents, that vulnerability is
weakness, and that going out into the world without armours is basically asking for the hurt that you get.
But to me, vulnerability is not weakness – it´s the greatest measure of our courage.” continuing: ”When
vulnerability is not tolerated in the workplace, we can forget about innovation, creativity and engagement.
Those are all functions of vulnerability.”
4. PRACTISE THE CRAFT OF CONVERSATION
13. 4. Concern for the others. Strive to focus on the other person´s interests and wellbeing, not just your own.
Empathy marketing is about stepping into people´s shoes, understanding their mindset, unconscious
desires and emotions, and then using the insights to sell them your product.
5. Creative spirit. Conversation is a meeting of minds with different memories and habits. When
approaching a conversation with creative spirit, delving into the worldview of another person, and sharing
your own with the other person, they might emerge slightly altered by the experience, and have empathic
insights that offer fresh thoughts and perspectives. Experiment conversations with adventurous openings
in order to brake conventions so your conversations become energising, memorable and vehicles of
empathic discovery.
6. Sheer courage. All the five previous habits require sheer courage. Courage also enables us to have those
really difficult conversations that we would much rather avoid, but which may offer the greatest scope for
cementing empathic attachements. Only with an attitude of freedom and spontaneity will empathic
conversation fully flower. Self-empathy is in some funfamental way about being good to yourself and
liking who you are. If you feel secure in yourself you will have a deep well of inner emotional strength and
self-knowledge to draw upon to care about others.
4. PRACTISE THE CRAFT OF CONVERSATION
14. 5. TRAVEL IN YOUR ARMCHAIR
• ´Armchair empathy´ is a form of travel you can do in your own living room.
• Literature, photography, film and other art forms have the ability to take us on imaginative journeys into lives that are profoundly
unlike our won, and also inspire empathic acts on the behalf of others once we have put down the novel or left the cinema.
Photographs excel, more than any other form of either art or journalism, in offering an immediate, vicerally emotional connection
to the world.
• Empathy is at the heart of storytelling itself. What sort of writing is most likely to expand your sensitivity to other people´s lives?
• Online connections allow two-way interactions enabling connections with different people around the world and learning about
other people´s lives.
• Empathy thrives best in relationships that have depth, and when we can immerse ourselves in other people´s unique view of the
world rather than a prefabricated online profile. Social networks may bring us into contact with global communities we feel part of
but in and of themselves these networks are not usually designed to facilitate making the imaginative leap into other mids. People
tend to behave in a deceptive and self-aggrandising way and pretend to be thinner, more popular, and more successful than we
really are. Possibility of anonymity and invisibility creates an ´online disinhibition effect´ where people feel licenced to engage in
antisocial behaviour like cruel and rude comments. Most fundamental problem is that e-personality can drift towards narcissism
which then comes to infect our offline personality too.
• The Arab spring and Occupy Movement revealed that digital technology can help to channel and spread powerful emotions such
as empathy and anger. Social media was a superb tool for the short-term objective of mobilising people to take part in public
protests, and to communicate what was happening around the world, but it was less good at providing other essential ingredients
of long-term social movement success.
• In some cases expanding our empathic abilities may be difficult, or even impossible, to explore some people´s lives through
approaches such as direct experience or conversation. In such cases Internet and armchair empathy can offer the possibilities to
create empathy.
15. 6. INSPIRE A REVOLUTION
• Empathists of the World unite!
• We are social animals, joy and meaning in life grow from being immersed in something larger than ourselves.
Acting together to create change.
• Could we be developing a global empathic consiousness that embraces not only all human beings, but also
animals and plant life, and even Gaia herself?
• Empathy is much more than a feel-good emotion that is limited to the realm of individual experience: it can
also be a collective force with the power to change society.
• There are now three promising realms: the teaching of empathy skills to schoolchildren, resolving and
mediating conflict situations and generating empathy for future generations to help tackle climate change.
Empathy can be learned and nurtured throughout our lives.
• There are growing number of peace-building and mediation projects that explicitly use empathy to help
resolve conflict situations, and that are scaling it up into a powerful collective force.
• Many climate change activists, environmental organisations and policy makers are starting to realise that
expanding empathy accross space and through time can ratchet up our moral concerns to new levels and
spur us to take concrete actions. They understand that we must become experts at imagining ourselves into
the lives and thoughts of the current and future victims of global warming.
16. THE FUTURE OF EMPATHY
• The future of empathy lies not just in the choices we make as individuals to transform our
own lives. To fulfil the revolutional potential as a force for social change, we must generate a
deep cultural shift so that looking at the world through other people´s eyes becomes as
common as looking both ways when we cross the road.
• Here are three ideas that can help ignite our collective imaginations and launch us into a
new empathic era: empathy conversations, empathy library and empathy museum of
experimental adventure space where you can explore how to view life from the perspective
of other people.
• Please share books, films, apps and articles that you have found to spark empathic thinking
and action at www.empathylibrary.com
• Do also read the whole book to be more inspired about Empathy, there are lots of examples
and stories not covered by this extraction. Full details of the book: Roman Krznaric: Empathy,
why it matters, and how to get it. 2015. The Random House Group company, UK.