The document experimentally investigates the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel extracted from mahua oil. Various blends from 10-50% mahua biodiesel were tested and compared to diesel. The brake thermal efficiency was highest for B30 and the brake specific fuel consumption was lowest for B30 at full load. Carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons decreased with increased biodiesel content while NOx increased. Cylinder pressure and heat release rate were comparable or higher for biodiesel blends compared to diesel. Overall, B30 performed best with reduced emissions and higher efficiency compared to other blends and diesel.
This document summarizes a study that tested various blends of Pongamia biodiesel, diesel, and butanol with an additive as fuels in a diesel engine. The fuels tested were Pongamia biodiesel (50%) diesel (45%) butanol 5% (B50D45Bu5), Pongamia biodiesel (50%) diesel (40%) butanol 10% (B50D40Bu10), and Pongamia biodiesel (50%) diesel (35%)butanol 15% (B50D35Bu15) each with 3% 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate additive. The engine performance parameters and exhaust emissions of these fuels were measured and
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
A Study of diesel engine fuelled with Madhuca Indica biodiesel and its blend...IJMER
This study evaluated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel from Mahua (Madhuca Indica) seeds and its blends with petroleum diesel. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine at various loads. Emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and smoke were measured for the pure biodiesel (B100) and its blends with diesel (B25, B50, B75). Results showed that the B25 blend produced lower emissions than diesel or B100, especially at full load. Therefore, the B25 blend can be used as a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines without requiring any modifications.
Performance Evaluation of Al2o3 Nano Fluid with Canola OilIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the performance of a diesel engine fueled with canola oil biodiesel blended with diesel (B15) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanofluid additives. The canola oil was converted to biodiesel through a base-catalyzed transesterification process. The engine was tested with B15 and Al2O3 nanofluid additives ranging from 30-120ppm. Results showed that B15 with 90ppm nanofluid additive achieved the best performance, with a 3.9% reduction in specific fuel consumption and a 3.29% increase in brake thermal efficiency compared to diesel. Emissions of HC, CO, and NOx also improved
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...idescitation
In this research work, waste mustard biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as alternative
fuels for diesel engines were studied. An experimental investigation has been carried out to
evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with waste
mustard biodiesel-diesel blends (10%, 15% and 20%) and important fuel properties have
also been determined. The performance parameters analyzed include brake power, brake
thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature whereas
exhaust emissions include unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides
of nitrogen (NO x). The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline
data of diesel fuel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance
parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The waste mustard biodiesel-diesel
fuel blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Engine
performance and exhaust emissions were measured while the engine running at no, part and
full load condition. This paper investigates the scope of utilizing waste mustard oil blends
with diesel fuel. It concluded that B10 blend of waste mustard biodiesel act as best
alternative fuel among all tested fuel at full load condition. The objective of the present
research was to explore technical feasibility of waste mustard oil in direct injection C.I.
engine without any substantial modifications in the engine design..
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
This document summarizes a review paper on performance and emission testing of a 4-stroke diesel engine using ethanol-diesel blends at different pressures. The paper reviews several previous studies that tested blends of 5-30% ethanol mixed with diesel fuel. The studies found that a 10-20% ethanol blend can improve brake thermal efficiency compared to pure diesel, while also reducing emissions like NOx and smoke. Higher ethanol blends required advancing the injection timing to allow the engine to run. Ethanol-diesel blends were found to have lower density, viscosity, pour point and higher flash point compared to pure diesel. Overall, ethanol shows potential as a renewable fuel to improve engine performance and reduce emissions when blended with diesel
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
This document summarizes a study that tested the effects of adding di tertiary butyl peroxide (DTBP) additive to blends of Pongamia biodiesel, diesel, and butanol in a diesel engine. The study tested various blends with 5%, 10%, and 15% butanol by volume. Engine performance parameters like brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were measured, as well as exhaust emissions like NOx, CO, and hydrocarbons. The results showed that butanol addition slightly reduced fuel consumption and increased efficiency. Emissions were also improved with butanol and DTBP addition, especially for the 15% butanol blend. Therefore, the study concluded that DTBP can be used as a
Karanja and Rapeseed Biodiesel: An Experimental Investigation of Performance...Er Sandeep Duran
In this research work the detailed investigation on performance and combustion characteristics of four stroke single cylinder engine with karanja and rapeseed biodiesel and its blends with diesel (in proportions of 20% and 50% by volume) under various load i.e. at no load, 25%, 50% and full load was assessed. At full load KB50 (karanja biodiesel blend) has been recorded lowest rate of pressure rise. KB20 has lowest
recorded BSFC as compared to all others of biodiesel for all loading condition even than diesel. The RB20 (rapeseed biodiesel blend) recorded maximum BMEP at full load. KB20 was recorded with maximum brake thermal efficiency at full load. So on the basis of performance and combustion parameters KB20 appears to be best alternative fuel than other blends of karanja biodiesel and rapeseed
biodiesel even than diesel.
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine operating with biodiesel-diesel blends containing 10% isobutanol additive at different injection pressures ranging from 200 to 275 bars. The following key points are made:
1. Brake thermal efficiency improved up to an injection pressure of 250 bars but decreased slightly at 275 bars. Emissions of carbon monoxide and smoke were significantly reduced with the blends while nitrogen oxides increased marginally.
2. Cylinder pressure was lower for the blends compared to diesel at all injection pressures due to the lower cetane number and heating value of isobutanol.
3. Brake specific fuel consumption
iaetsd Effects of diethyl ether additives on palm biodiesel fuel characterist...Iaetsd Iaetsd
1. The document investigates the effects of adding diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to palm biodiesel fuel (POME) on fuel properties and low temperature flow properties.
2. DEE was blended with POME in ratios from 2-8% by volume and tested for properties including energy content, acid value, viscosity, density, pour point, and compliance with fuel standards.
3. The results showed that adding DEE improved properties like acid value, viscosity, density, and pour point, with increasing DEE content, though it slightly reduced energy content. Blends met fuel standard requirements.
This paper describes the CFD analysis and experimental validation for a blend of Ethanol and Diesel in CI Engine. Ethanol is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages but it also makes an effective motor fuel. Since, ethanol possess low Cetane number it fails to auto ignite. In order to overcome this Diesel is blended with Ethanol. Thus the Diesel will ignite and thus facilitate the Ethanol to start burning. In this work a CFD model was created and the combustion analysis was carried out and the results were validated with experimental data. The Ethanol and Diesel fuels were mixed in different proportions and they were injected to the combustion chamber of a normal diesel engine. A single cylinder PC based VCR Engine was operated with this Ethanol - Diesel blend in different concentrations and at various loads. The experiment was successful and it showed that the Ethanol could be mixed with Diesel and could be injected without any engine modification. The difference between CFD and the experimental results obtained was found within acceptable range.
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteri...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine using kusum biodiesel blended with diesel at different injection pressures ranging from 180 to 220 bars. The following key points are discussed:
- Brake thermal efficiency increases and specific fuel consumption decreases for the engine running on biodiesel blends compared to diesel alone. Emissions of CO and HC are lower for the biodiesel blends while NOx increases.
- At an injection pressure of 220 bars, CO, HC and smoke emissions are at their minimum values while NOx and CO2 emissions are at their maximum.
- The optimum blend is found to be B20 (20% kusum
Effect of Pine oil blended with Methanol on Performance and Emissions in a Di...IOSRJMCE
The present fossil fuel crisis and increasing vehicle population made us to think of alternate fuels. The abundance of the fossil fuels is expected to be exhaust in another 30-40 years. The cost of the fossil fuels is day by day increasing and also the emission from these fuels increases the air pollution. With keeping in view of all the above said points, it is made us to think of alternate fuels for all CI Engines. Among alternate fuels, the Pine oil blended with Methanol will promise for substituting the diesel. With pure vegetable oils there is combustion problems and which leads to more emissions in the exhaust. The present investigation evaluates Pine oil blended with Methanol in Diesel Engine. A Twin cylinder Diesel Engine adapted to study the Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific energy consumption, and emissions in Low Cetane fuels. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using Diesel and Low Cetane Fuels. From this study the emissions like HC and CO has been reduced and Low Cetane Fuels are substitute to diesel fuel. To overcome the above problems we use combustion additives at the time of combustion. So here we use Pine oil blended with Methanol as alternative fuels in diesel Engine and perform various tests and evaluate its performance.
Characterization on Gasoline Engine Using MTBE and DIE AdditivesIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that tested the effects of adding two oxygenated fuel additives, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and di-isopropyl ether (DIE), to gasoline in a twin cylinder spark ignition engine. The additives were each blended at 5 ml with gasoline. Test results showed that both MTBE and DIE increased brake thermal efficiency by 1-2% and reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions by 7-9% and 13-25% respectively, while also increasing oxides of nitrogen emissions. The physical and chemical properties of the gasoline and additive blends were analyzed to understand their combustion characteristics.
Iaetsd evaluation of performance and emission characteristics of lhrIaetsd Iaetsd
The document evaluates the performance and emission characteristics of a Low Heat Rejection (LHR) engine fueled with biodiesel. Experiments were conducted on a 5HP single cylinder diesel engine operating at 1500 rpm. The standard engine was converted to an LHR engine by coating the piston crown and cylinder head. Tests were performed using diesel, biodiesel blends (B5-B25), and pure biodiesel. Results show the LHR engine achieved higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to the standard engine. Emissions of CO and HC decreased for the LHR engine while NOx increased with higher biodiesel content due to increased in-cylinder temperatures.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. Use of edible oils may
create shortage of oil for daily food. This required identification of new kinds of non-edible vegetable oil.
With this objective, the present work has focused on the performance, combustion and emission
characteristics of diesel engine using simarouba oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the
blends of varying proportions of simarouba biodiesel with diesel (S20, S40, S60, S80 & S100) were
prepared, analyzed, and compared the performance, combustion and exhaust emission with diesel using
5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics
of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the
performance of S20 blend of simarouba oil gives result, that is near to the diesel and also found that the
emission CO, HC, & NOX of this blend is less than the diesel.
This document discusses character formation according to Swami Vivekananda. It begins by providing context that character is important for mankind. It then discusses how Swami Vivekananda viewed character as the aggregate of one's tendencies and the sum of their mind. The document provides definitions of character from various sources and discusses theories of moral development from Piaget and Kohlberg. It notes that Swami Vivekananda saw character as being strengthened through exercising one's will. The document aims to shed light on character and character formation based on Swami Vivekananda's teachings.
This document discusses a novel technique for better analysis of ice properties using Kalman filtering. It summarizes previous research on sea ice segmentation using SAR imagery and dual polarization techniques. It proposes using an automated SAR algorithm along with Kalman filtering to more accurately detect sea ice properties from RADARSAT1 and RADARSAT2 imagery data. The document reviews techniques for image segmentation, dual polarization, PMA detection, and related work on sea ice classification using statistical ice properties, edge preserving region models, and object extraction methods.
Dokumen ini memberikan ringkasan tentang persebaran flora dan fauna di dunia. Flora dibagi menjadi 6 bioma utama yaitu gurun, hutan basah, tundra, padang rumput, hutan gugur dan taiga. Sedangkan fauna dibagi menjadi 6 wilayah yaitu Neartik, Neotropik, Australis, Oriental, Paleartik dan Etiopian. Setiap bioma dan wilayah dijelaskan ciri khas tumbuhan dan hewan yang mendominasi.
Rajdeep Rooplal has applied for a position and enclosed his curriculum vitae. He has over 20 years of experience in various roles such as buyer, administrator, project coordinator, and manager. His most recent role was as a senior buyer for Engen Refinery where he requested quotations, placed orders, and used computer programs like Excel, Word, and SAP. He believes he is highly qualified for any position that requires solid experience in large companies.
"Meri Property" घर खरीदने की नयी जगह Best Property Fair - September 2015Meri Property
The Meri Property" घर खरीदने की नयी जगह Best Property Fair , which is completely based on bringing all types of properties like plots.flats and duplex under a single umbrella making it easy for the people.
This document outlines the curriculum and activities for a Chinese studies early year program. It discusses the program's focus on developing responsible global citizens through academic excellence. The agenda includes an overview of the written curriculum, curriculum structure, in-class activities, learning resources, and the library. Some of the activities mentioned are role-playing, games, art, iPad learning, center time activities to develop language skills, and homework involving character recognition and songs. Parents are encouraged to support learning at home through activities like singing songs together.
This document outlines the Chinese studies curriculum for grade 2 students. It discusses what students will learn, how they will be assessed, and how parents can support their children's learning. Key aspects covered include the written and taught curriculum, formative and summative assessments, learning materials, home learning expectations, and the reading program. The overall goal is to develop responsible global citizens through academic excellence in Chinese language acquisition.
Vikrant Mittal is applying for a position and has over 3 years of experience working as an Assistant Junior Officer in store management at Cavin Kare Pvt. Ltd. in Haridwar, where he is responsible for inventory management, purchase order processing, and ensuring adequate materials and supplies for production. He holds a B.Com degree from CCS University and a diploma in Store Material Management from IIMT, and is proficient in SAP, MS Office, and computer skills.
This document provides information about Ms. Olivia Pasquariello's third grade classroom. It introduces Ms. Pasquariello and discusses her classroom creed, subjects taught including math, social studies, science, and reading/writing workshops. It also covers homework expectations, healthy eating, classroom policies and the importance of parent involvement in their child's education.
This document provides information for a Chinese Studies Grade 1 curriculum night. It introduces the teachers and outlines the agenda which includes the written, taught, and assessed curriculum, reading program, immersion trip, and library. It describes the inquiry-based learning structure and language acquisition methodology. Formative assessments are performance-based while summative assessments are skills-based and not tests. The reading program aims to build reading habits. Home learning is about 10 minutes per day. An immersion trip to Beijing is offered in the summer.
This document summarizes a study on operating a diesel engine using biodiesel from Mahua (Madhuca Indica) seeds and blends with fossil diesel. The engine tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine at different brake powers up to full load using B0 (fossil diesel), B25, B50, B75 and B100 (pure Mahua biodiesel) as fuels. Emissions of CO, HC, CO2, NOx were measured. Results showed that B25 blend produced lower emissions than other blends or fossil diesel at full load. Using B25 is suggested as an alternative fuel without engine modifications. Properties of the fuels were measured and discussed.
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of cotton seed oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and petro-diesel. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine at full load with fuel blends ranging from B0 (petro-diesel) to B100 (cotton seed oil methyl ester). The results showed that the B25 blend provided the best performance with higher brake thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption, and lower emissions like smoke density and oxides of nitrogen compared to other blends and petro-diesel. Therefore, the B25 blend is concluded to be a viable alternative fuel that can save 25% of pet
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...ijsrd.com
Experimental investigation was conducted on a multicylinder diesel engine using honge biodiesel derived from the Pongamia plant. Honge biodiesel was produced using a transesterification process and its properties were tested and found to meet ASTM biodiesel standards. The honge biodiesel was then tested in the diesel engine at varying loads up to 60% throttle. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption were evaluated, as well as emission characteristics like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and smoke opacity. Combustion characteristics such as cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and gas temperature were also analyzed against crank angle. The results showed that honge
IRJET- Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine using Delonix R...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel produced from Delonix regia oil mixed with conventional diesel. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine at 1500 rpm under varying load conditions. Biodiesel blends of B25, B50, B75 and B100 were tested and compared to baseline diesel. Results showed that biodiesel blends increased fuel consumption but improved brake thermal efficiency up to 2.5% for B25. Emissions of NOx and CO2 decreased with biodiesel while CO and hydrocarbons increased. Biodiesel also decreased ignition delay and reduced the premixed combustion peak. The conclusions are that biodie
The search for alternative fuels in last few decades is intensive due to the rapid
depletion of petroleum fuels and their ever increasing costs. There is a great need to
reduce the consumption of conventional fuels in both developed and developing countries.
The consumption and demand of the petroleum based fuels is increasing every year due
to the increased industrialization and innovation in the world. The aim of the present
experimental work is to evaluate the impact of various compression ratio using blends of
diesel fuel with 20% concentration of Methyl Ester of Jatropha biodiesel blended with bio
additive and the blends of diesel fuel with 20% concentration of methyl ester of mahua
biodiesel blended with bio additive as an alternate fuel. The experiment is carried out
with three different compression ratios in DI diesel engine. Biodiesel is extracted from
Jatropha oil and mahua oil, 20% (B20) concentration with 3ml bio additive is found to
be the best blend ratio from the earlier experimental study. 3ml of biodiesel B20MEOJBA
and 3ml of B20MEOMBA is tested with compression ratio of 17.5. The purpose of the
experimental study is to obtain better efficiency, minimum specific fuel consumption, and
lower smoke and lesser emission. This is done by increasing cetane number using
combustion additives of 3ml bio additive blends with biodiesel when compared with the
baseline diesel.
IRJET- Assessment of Thermophysical Properties of Biodiesel from Sunflower Wa...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the thermophysical properties of biodiesel from sunflower waste cooking oil and its blends for use in diesel engines. Specifically, it analyzes density, viscosity, flash point, and sulfur content of biodiesel blends containing 10%, 20%, 40%, and 100% sunflower biodiesel. The study found that density and viscosity increased with higher biodiesel content and flash point decreased. Mathematical models were developed relating the properties to biodiesel concentration and temperature, achieving high regression values. The results indicate sunflower biodiesel blends meet standards and can provide an alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Performance and emission analysis in four stroke diesel engine using biodiese...IRJASH
In the present world it is essential to find an alternate fuel source due to the increased industrialization and depletion in natural resources. The method of obtaining biodiesel from various sources and blending them with diesel is adopted in many economically developed and developing countries around the world. This paper investigates the utilization of Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester (PPME) blends with diesel in CI engine. The performance and emission characteristics of pongamia with diesel with B40 could substitute in the place of pure diesel and be used as an alternate source of fuel in the near future, thus saving the natural resources for the future generation. Performance parameter like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, mechanical efficiency, brake power is evaluated.
Key words: Biodiesel, Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester (PPME), CI engine.
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Character...IJMER
The document experimentally investigates the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine operating on mahua biodiesel blended with diesel fuel at different ratios. Mahua oil was converted to biodiesel via a base-catalyzed transesterification process. The engine was tested using diesel (B0), 10% blend (B10), 20% blend (B20), 30% blend (B30), and 100% biodiesel (B100). Results showed the 30% blend had brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperatures close to diesel fuel. Emissions of CO and smoke increased with higher biodiesel content while NOx was lowest for the 30% blend. Cylinder pressure and
Theory:
Magnetism, Types of magnetic substances, Directions, Magnetic force and field, Right-hand rule, and its application, numerical problems.
Practical:
• Orientation Class and Safety Instructions.
• Magnetic field and magnetic force lines of a bar magnet.
Theory:
Wave motion, types of waves, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, superposition and interference of waves, sound waves, ultrasound wave and its application, speed of sound, em-waves and light, their properties, numerical problems.
Practical:
• Standing Waves on a String.
• Resonant Modes of Sound in a Tube.
Theory:
Wave motion, types of waves, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, superposition and interference of waves, sound waves, ultrasound wave and its application, speed of sound, em-waves and light, their properties, numerical problems.
Practical:
• Standing Waves on a String.
• Resonant Modes of Sound in a Tube.
Theory:
Wave motion, types of waves, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, superposition and interference of waves, sound waves, ultrasound wave and its application, speed of sound, em-waves and light, their properties, numerical problems.
Practical:
• Standing Waves on a String.
• Resonant Modes of Sound in a Tube.
Theory:
Wave motion, types of waves, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, superposition and interference of waves, sound waves, ultrasound wave and its application, speed of sound, em-waves and light, their properties, numerical problems.
Practical:
• Standing Waves on a String.
• Resonant Modes of Sound in a Tube.
IRJET- Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine with Exh...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using blends of neem biodiesel with ethanol as an additive and with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Neem biodiesel was produced through a transesterification process using neem oil. The engine tests analyzed brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature at varying loads for blends containing 20% and 40% neem biodiesel with 5% ethanol and with EGR levels of 5% and 10%. Emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides were also examined. The results showed that neem biodiesel blends can reduce carbon monoxide and smoke emissions
A Study of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine fuelled with neat Diese...IOSR Journals
A comparison analysis between neat diesel (petro-diesel) and neat Hydnocarpus Pentandra (Marotti) biodiesel has been carried out on a direct injection diesel engine. The biodiesel has been produced from raw Hydnocarpus Pentandra oil by transesterification process by adding methanol and base catalyst. The optimum nozzle pressure of 250 bar and static injection timing of 20° bTDC are considered because these conditions only were found to give minimum emissions and better performance. The engine performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with neat diesel and neat Hydnocarpus Pentandra (Marotti) (or) Marotti Oil Methyl Ester (MOME) results are compared and presented. From the test results, it could be noted that, neat MOME gives lower emissions such as hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen as compared to neat diesel for all load under steady state condition of the engine.
OPTIMIZATION OF STATIC INJECTION TIMING OF DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH MAHUA B...Journal For Research
The engine performance and emission characteristics of mahua (madhuca indica) biodiesel and its blends with diesel is presented. The thermo-physical properties of all the fuel blends have been measured and presented. The engine tests are conducted on a 4 Stroke Tangentially Vertical (TV) single cylinder kirloskar 1500 rpm water cooled direct injection diesel engine with eddy current dynamometer at different injection timings of 20°, 21°, 22° and 23° bTDC with standard nozzle opening pressure of 220 bar maintained as constant throughout the experiment. From the test results, it is observed that the lower injection timing of 20° bTDC and modified nozzle opening pressure of 220 bars gives better performance and significant reduction in emissions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET-Performance Study on Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Engine using Diff...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into using neem biodiesel in a variable compression ratio engine. Neem oil is converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process with methanol. The biodiesel is then tested in blends of 10%, 30%, and 50% neem biodiesel with diesel in a single cylinder engine. The performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, HC, CO2, and NOx are evaluated at different loads. The results show that a blend of 50% neem biodiesel with 5% methanol additive has the highest brake thermal efficiency but also higher emissions due to the methanol content. Overall, the neem biodiesel blends performed
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteris...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation of the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operating on blends of neem biodiesel, ethanol, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine with variations in the percentage of EGR from 0-20%. Key findings include:
1) Increasing the percentage of EGR in the fuel mixture resulted in reductions in oxides of nitrogen emissions from the engine. The maximum reduction was observed at 20% EGR.
2) Using ethanol in the fuel blends helped reduce emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide compared to operation on pure diesel, especially at higher EGR rates.
3) Among the biod
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Performance of Diesel Engine on Mixi...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on the performance of a diesel engine using dual biodiesel blends of Jatropha and mustard oils mixed with diesel. Various proportions of the biodiesel blends were tested in an unmodified single cylinder diesel engine. The performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption, as well as emission characteristics like CO, HC, NOx and CO2 were analyzed and compared to diesel fuel. The results showed that a 15% biodiesel blend had brake thermal efficiency close to diesel fuel. Emissions of CO and HC were lower for the biodiesel blends compared to diesel, while NOx emissions were higher. Based on the results, the 15% biodiesel blend provided better engine
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine with Co...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the combustion, emission, and performance characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine operated on cottonseed biodiesel blended with various additives at different ratios. Diethyl ether, isobutanol, and methanol were added to cottonseed biodiesel at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume. Testing was conducted across a range of engine loads. The results show that adding the additives improved the fuel properties and increased the brake thermal efficiency of the engine compared to neat biodiesel. Exhaust emissions such as smoke, carbon monoxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons were also reduced with the blended fuels compared to neat biodiesel. However, methanol additive increased nitrogen oxide emissions at higher blend
The document summarizes an experimental study that evaluated the performance of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel from corn oil and rice bran oil at different injection pressures. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine using a 20% biodiesel blend (B20) at injection pressures of 180, 200, and 220 bars and different loads. The results showed that brake thermal efficiency was highest and brake specific fuel consumption was lowest at 200 bars injection pressure. Emissions like unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide were also lowest at this pressure. However, nitrogen oxides and smoke opacity were marginally higher than for diesel fuel. In general, the 200 bar injection pressure provided the best results for engine
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine operating on blends of rice bran oil (RBO) and rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME). The properties of RBO, RBOME, and diesel were compared. Tests were conducted at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm with varying loads. Results showed that using RBO and RBOME blends increased fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, and brake specific energy consumption compared to diesel. Brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing blend percentages of RBO and RBOME. RBOME blends performed slightly better than RBO blends but both performed worse than diesel alone.
IRJET- Effect of Ethanol Blended with Cottonseed Oil Methyl Ester on Engine P...IRJET Journal
This study investigated the effects of varying injection pressure on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with a blend of 20% cottonseed oil methyl ester, 10% ethanol, and 70% diesel (B20E10).
The biodiesel blend was produced via transesterification of cottonseed oil to reduce its viscosity. The engine was tested at injection pressures of 200, 220, and 240 bars and its carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NOx) emissions as well as brake thermal efficiency were evaluated and compared to neat diesel fuel. The results showed that CO and NOx emissions decreased with the biodiesel blend compared to diesel alone, while hydrocarbon emissions increased gradually. Higher injection pressure
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1. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Vol. 05, Issue 08 (August. 2015), ||V3|| PP 24-30
International organization of Scientific Research 24 | P a g e
Experimental Investigation to Evaluate the Performance,
Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel
Engine with Mahua Oil Biodiesel
Kumar Raunak1
, Farman Khan2
,
1
ME Student, 2
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEC Landran, Punjab.
Abstract: - Nowadays the crude oil is depleting at a fast rate and cannot be produced in short duration of time as
it is non-renewable source of energy,therefore it is high time to study & research over and to act towards the
sustainable use of our natural resources like petroleum products.Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel created
from vegetable oils, animal fats, and greases through a chemical process. The chemical process involves
reaction of natural oils with an alcohol, and then refining the mixture to create molecules which can be easily
burned in a diesel engine.In the present study,biodiesel extracted from mahua oil was taken & the evaluation of
the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with
different blends of biodiesel extracted from mahua oil biodiesel was done. The c.i. engine was single cylinder,
four stroke, water cooled, and naturally aspirated direct injection (DI) diesel locomotive.
The performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the engine fuelled with mahua oil biodiesel and
diesel blends was investigated and compared with that of standard diesel. The experimental results confirm that
the Brake thermal efficiency(BTE), Brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC), exhaust gas temperature are the
function of biodiesel blend and load. For similar operating conditions, a particular blend gave better engine
performance and reduced emissions compared to other blends in comparison to standard diesel. The brake
thermal efficiency of mahua biodiesel blends is higher than that of diesel at all load conditions. Results showed
that biodiesel obtained from Mahua oil can be used as a great and sustainable substitute for fossil fuels.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Combustion, Performance, Emissions, Mahua Oil, Load, BSFC,BTE.
I. INTRODUCTION
As per the excessive and dependant use, it is believed that crude oil and petroleum products will
become very scarce and costly to find and produce. Although fuel economy of engines is greatly improved,
increase in the number of automobiles alone explains that there will be a great demand for fuel in the near future.
Alternative fuel technology, availability, and use must and will become more common in the coming decades.
Another reason providing motivation for the development of alternative fuels for the IC-engine is concerned
over the emission problems of gasoline engines. Combined with other air polluting systems, the large number of
automobiles is a major contributor to the air quality problem of the world. A third reason for alternative fuel
development is the fact that a huge percentage of crude oil must be imported from other countries which control
the larger oil fields.
. Biodiesel is produced from the transestrification reaction of vegetables oil or animal fats with alcohol
in presence of a catalyst. As per scientist’s recommendation, pure biodiesel can not used for conventional
engines. Therefore Engine modifications are required to use pure bio-diesel which is an expensive affair.
Henceforth, bio-diesels are generally mixed/blended with petroleum diesel at predetermined percentages to
create a proper biodiesel blend. But the performance of the engine varies with the amount of concentration of
bio-diesel used.
Engine’s Vibration,power/torque,Fuel Consumption and Emission are some of the standard parameters
which determines the quality and performance of the fuel used. Fuel price and consumption determine the
economy of using the fuel. Poor fuel performance will lead to frequent maintenance and more often replacement
of the engine. Hence, over the years,finding an optimum Blend of bio-diesel and petro-diesel which gives the
best operating characteristics has been a requirement.
II. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
For the present study a single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine, Kirloskar, Model TV1, connected to
eddy current type dynamometer for loading, smoke meter to measure smoke and five gas analyzer for exhaust
gas evaluation, is employed. It is provided with necessary instruments for combustion pressure and crank-angle
measurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through engine indicator for Pθ−PV diagrams.
Provision is also made for interfacing airflow, fuel flow, temperatures and load measurement. The setup has
2. Experimental Investigation to Evaluate the Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics
International organization of Scientific Research 25 | P a g e
stand- alone panel box consisting of air box, fuel tank, manometer, fuel measuring unit, transmitters for air and
fuel flow measurements, process indicator and engine indicator Rotameters are provided for cooling water and
calorimeter water flow measurement. The setup enables study of engine performance for brake power, indicated
power, frictional power, BMEP, IMEP, brake thermal efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency etc.
Fig. 1 Engine Setup
The engine was fuelled with pure diesel and mixtures containing 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% of Mahua
oil biodiesel. Relative effects of engine operation, emission characteristics and combustion characteristics of the
different blends of Mahua oil biodiesel with that of diesel under variable loads (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%)
at a constant velocity of 1500 RPM are measured. The main specifications of engine are shown in Table1.
Table 1: Specifications of Test Engine
Product Engine test setup 1 cylinder,
4 stroke, Diesel Engine.
Maximum Power 5.2kW @1500rpm
Bore × Stroke 87.5 × 110
Compression Ratio 17.5:1
No of Cylinder 1
Dynamometer Type Eddy Current
Software EnginesoftLV
Pump Type Monoblock
Fuel tank capacity 15 litres
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Figure 2 shows that the variation of brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with load for different blends. It
has been observed that the brake thermal efficiency for all test fuel is 85 increasing with the increase in applied
load. It happens due to a reduction in heat loss and increase in power developed with increase in load. Blend
B30 and diesel has been shown the BTE of 33.75% and 34.57% respectively. Hence B20 gave the little
difference in efficiency among all test fuel, which is about 0.82% less than the diesel. Initially, efficiency was
found to be increased with increased blend ratios up to B30 and after that it got a decrease as shown in figure 2.
The decrease in brake thermal efficiency for higher blends may be due to the combined effect of its lower
heating value and increase in fuel consumption. In spite of this increasing viscosity may be the other reason for
decreasing efficiency with higher blend ratio fuel, thereby, poor spray and poor atomization occurred due to
which charge was not properly burned.
3. Experimental Investigation to Evaluate the Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics
International organization of Scientific Research 26 | P a g e
Fig. 2 Variation of Brake power with BT Efficiency
The variation of brake specific fuel consumption with regard to load is given in figure 3. B30 has given
lowest brake specific fuel consumption to all other blends and diesel at full load condition. Diesel and B30 has
been read 0.25 kg/kWh and 0.25 kg/kWh of BSFC respectively, at full load which is more or less same as diesel.
For a higher percentage of biodiesel blends BSFC are found to be increased. B30 has minimal value of fuel
consumption among B10, B20, B50 and B100 at and above 100% load.
Fig. 3 Variation of Brake power with BSFC
Figure 4 shows the variation of carbon monoxide emission of blends and diesel under various loads.
The discharge of CO is found to be diminished with increasing load at the initial stage up to approximate 75%
load after that it increases for B10 up to 0.2 (%V). But for B30 decrement of 0.2 (%V) of CO at stage of 75% to
100% load. This is because of more fuel accumulates at higher load to produce more power due to which higher
temperature achieved in the fumes. This increased temperature helps in the oxidation of CO on account that its
value decreases. Blend B10, B20, B50 and B100 have been given equal amount of CO to that of diesel at full
load stage, because for B10 due to the inefficient inherited oxygen of biodiesel CO could not oxidized to CO2,
and for B50 increased viscosity and high non volatility of biodiesel caused poor spray, atomization and burning
of CO into CO2.
Variation of unburned hydrocarbon can be seen in figure 5. Significant reduction in HC emission has
been found with decreasing the blend ratio of biodiesel in fuel. Blends B10, B20, B30, B50, B100 and diesel are
given 36.5ppm, 34.8ppm, 30.2ppm, 23ppm, 23.2 and 27.4ppm of HC emission on an intermediate basis. Hence
B50 and B100 has been given lowest HC compare to all test fuels due to optimum level of oxygen and viscosity
of fuel.
4. Experimental Investigation to Evaluate the Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics
International organization of Scientific Research 27 | P a g e
Fig. 4 CO (%V) Vs BP (KW) emission
Fig. 5 Unburned HC Vs BP
Variations of NOx emission with loads for different blends are presented in figure 6. The NOx
emission is found to be increased with growth in shipment due to less heat rejection at higher load. That is the
way all test fuels shows highest value of discharge at full load condition. Blends B10, B20, B30, B50, B100 and
diesel show 549ppm, 743ppm, 608ppm, 704ppm, 669ppm and 730ppm respectively at full load condition. it can
be concluded that B20 exhibiting proper complete combustion compare to others fuels.
5. Experimental Investigation to Evaluate the Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics
International organization of Scientific Research 28 | P a g e
Fig. 6 NOx Vs BP
Percent of CO2 in exhaust is the direct indication of complete combustion of fuel in combustion
chamber. Figure 7 shows the variation of CO2 under varying load for different biodiesel blends. All test fuels
show increasing trends, CO2 emission with increase in shipment due to increase in accumulation of fuel. Blends
B10, B20, B30, B50, B100 and diesel shows 3.6%, 4%, 3.7%, 4,2%, 3.7% and 4.5% of CO2 respectively at full
load condition. Only B50 has been shown higher CO2 emission compare to diesel due to the significant issue of
higher cetane number compare to other test fuel. Other blends have been presented the lower value of CO2 than
diesel. It can also be cleared from exhaust gas temperature vs. load curves in which B50 has been shown higher
temperature than other blends.
Fig. 7 CO2 Vs BP
Figure 8 shows the variation of incylinder pressure with crank angle for blends B10, B20, B30, B50
and B100 in comparison of baseline data obtained from standard diesel. Pressure rise has been found to be
comparable with diesel for higher biodiesel blends fuel.
Moreover, low biodiesel blends such as B10 and B20 show delayed pressure rise with respect to standard diesel
at full load due to longer physical ignition delay period because of the higher boiling point range of biodiesel
compare to diesel. It can as well be visualized in figure 8 that all test fuel has shown decreases in ignition delay
with increase in shipment.
6. Experimental Investigation to Evaluate the Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics
International organization of Scientific Research 29 | P a g e
Fig. 8 Incylinder pressure vs. crank angle
This was passed due to increase in gaseous state temperature at high load operation, therefore reduction
in the physical ignition delay period was held. In all cases higher biodiesel blends as B100 and B50 has been
shown higher incylinder peak pressure compare to diesel and other low biodiesel blends. Two elements are
mostly responsible for that first presence of inherited oxygen molecules in biodiesel helps in combustion and the
second is the lower viscosity of mineral diesel which ensures adequate air-fuel blending.
Figure 9 shows the heat release rate for biodiesel blends in comparison of standard diesel at different
engine operating conditions. After burning of fuel, fluctuation of heat release rate occurs. However, at B100
shows highest rate of heat release compare to diesel and other biodiesel blends, because of the higher cetane
number and higher oxygen capacity of biodiesel that improves the burning quality of fuel and helps in firing at
higher charge per units. Moreover B10, B20 and B50 have been established a corresponding rate of heat release
with diesel. This is because, in low blends the concentration of biodiesel is low, that is way fuel does not cause a
significant force on certain number, but it touches the air fuel mixture formation due to changes in viscosity and
evaporation properties of the fuel. That is way lower blends showed a less charge per unit of heat release than
B100.
Fig. 9 Heat release rate vs. crank angle
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The brake thermal efficiency of mahua biodiesel blends is higher than that of diesel at all load conditions.
The brake thermal efficiency of mahua biodiesel blends is higher than that of diesel at all load conditions.
At low load condition, the specific fuel consumption of mahua B30 was low when compared to diesel
unlike all other blends.
7. Experimental Investigation to Evaluate the Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics
International organization of Scientific Research 30 | P a g e
CO 2 emissions were lesser in comparison to diesel.The smoke density and NOx of biodiesel blends were
always higher than the standard diesel
The CO emissions at different loads were found to be equal compared to diesel.
B50 and B100 has been given lowest HC compare to all test fuels due to optimum level of oxygen and
viscosity of fuel. B30 has minimal value of fuel consumption among B10, B20, B50 and B100 at and above
100% load.
blend B30 of mahua oil biodiesel gave the better overall performance among all other blends in comparison
to diesel.Blend B30 gave reduced CO, HC, NOx and CO2 emissions with high value smoke which indicates
better combustion of fuel, which can be considered as acceptable results in overall performance with
biodiesel without any modification of engine.
Incylinder Pressure rise has been found to be comparable with diesel for higher biodiesel blends fuel. In all
cases higher biodiesel blends as B100 and B50 has been shown higher incylinder peak pressure compare to
diesel and other low biodiesel blendsl.
B100 shows highest rate of heat release compare to diesel because in low blends the concentration of
biodiesel is low
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