Traffic Profiles and Management for Support of Community Networks
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The document analyzes traffic profiles and management for community networks. It finds that: 1) Traffic is dominated by YouTube, Facebook, and file uploads. Flows vary significantly by application in rate, volume, duration and round trip delays. 2) Content delivery currently relies on long paths through CDNs or P2P overlays rather than local caching due to lack of cooperation between networks and providers. 3) IETF groups are developing standards like CDNI and ALTO to optimize traffic and encourage localized content delivery through more cooperative approaches.
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Traffic Profiles and Management for Support of Community Networks
- 1. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Traffic Profiles and Management for Support of Community Networks Gerhard Haßlinger1, Anne Schwahn 2, Franz Hartleb2 1Deutsche Telekom Technik, 2 T-Systems, Darmstadt, Germany Measurement on Network Links – Packet and flow based analysis methods – Traffic profiles for some large community networks Traffic Management for Content and Service Delivery Conclusions and Outlook
- 2. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Measurement of Application and Traffic Profiles Probes can capture each IP packet: header, payload, time stamp DPI: Content inspection (not applied for our statistics) Analysis traffic pattern of per IP flow A flow is identified by IP address/TCP port of source/receiver Flow statistics are relevant for quality management – Dimensioning with regard to variability and QoS demands Traffic profiles are used to identify portions of applications – We consider portions of Facebook, Twitter, Uploaded, YouTube, VoIP – Measurement from March’13 on 3 x 1Gb/s aggregation links
- 3. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Overall Measurement Statistics and Mean Values Traffic profiles YouTube Twitter Facebook Uploaded Voice Total traffic Number of packets [x 1000] 17 809 857 14 619 15 013 4 149 1 446 065 Packet size [Byte] (Mean) 1468 662 564 1508 295 1177 Number of flows 8 419 318 13 555 508 270 697 786 Flow size [MB] (Mean) 3.07 0.25 0.38 44.54 4.53 2.26 Flow rate [Mbit/s] (Mean) 1.44 0.04 0.06 0.46 0.08 1.40 Flow duration [s] (Mean) 66 129 657 872 455 56
- 4. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Flow Rates for Different Application Types
- 5. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Flow Volume for Different Application Types
- 6. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Flow Durations for Different Application Types
- 7. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Round Trip Delays for Different Application Types 100% 80% Facebook 60% Twitter Total traffic 40% Youtube Uploaded 20% 0% 0,01 0,1 TCP Round Trip Time [s] 1
- 8. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Traffic in Multiple Time Scales: 2 nd Order Statistics Evaluation of a traffic trace in 0.01s , 0.1s and 1s intervals on broadband access platform: Variability is decreasing on larger time scales, although long range dependency persists Traffic rate per 0.01s interval [Mbit/s] 1000 900 800 700 600 500 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seconds 1000 Traffic rate per 1s interval [Mbit/s] Traffic rate per 0.1s interval [Mbit/s] 1000 900 800 700 600 900 800 700 600 500 500 0 10 20 30 Seconds 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 Seconds 40 50 60
- 9. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks 2nd Order Statistics for Different Application Types
- 10. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Global Content Delivery: CDN Peer-to-peer overlays P2P P2P Long paths for P2P data exchange CDN Short CDN paths Users Users Other ISPs Access Network ISP Backbone PoPs Peering Points of Presence Access Control Global Internet
- 11. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Cacheability on the Internet An essential portion of IP traffic uses HTTP protocol (80% in 2013), most of which is marked as being cacheable, often with expiry date Requests focus on most popular content small caches are efficient Zipf law 90 10 rule: 90% of requests address only 10% of content Some content providers/CDNs support caching, e.g. software updates … others don’t: Personalised communication with user makes content identification difficult for cache manager; no standard feedback & control between cache content provider Some content providers/CDNs have business relations with content owners and/or users but often without involving network providers
- 12. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks IETF Standardization Groups on CDNI and ALTO Caching is applied in global content delivery networks and in network provider platforms of large ISPs … but usually without much cooperation! Content and CDN provider would like full control on client-server activity ISP would like full control of their network and caches IETF working group on CDN interconnection (CDNI) since 2011 <http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/cdni/charter/> IETF WG on Application Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) - Focus on localized data exchange for P2P and other applications - ALTO servers collect data on locations of peers/clients and make it available to applications/overlay networks - Infos: provider network (AS) of endpoints; topology & cost maps - Network providers can host ALTO servers to recommend sources for content delivery without revealing their network
- 13. Traffic Profiles & Mgnt. for Community Networks Conclusions and Outlook We analyzed traffic profiles of popular applications in community networks IP flow and packet analysis is useful for classifying portions of application traffic even without DPI Characteristics of flow rates, volume, duration and 2nd order stat. differ for each application; community networks generate a mix of applications For further study: QoS Characteristics in TCP round trip delay and packet loss; improved identification using traffic profiles Popular global communities with high traffic demand are using CDN and P2P overlays, which are subject to long transport paths Traffic optimization is considered by IETF working groups CDNI and ALTO based on cooperative approaches between administrative domains to improve local data exchange