Cloud Computing Intro

Cloud Computing
What Is It
and
Why Do I Care?

Copyright © 2009 Peter Denyer 1

Monday, June 22, 2009 1

A Topical Subject

Image courtsey BusinessWeek


Yet Hard to Define

Image courtsey Wikipedia


With Many Manifestations
Computer hardware / software leveraging the Cloud for
Clients ← application or content delivery. Think SmartPhones, web
browsers as examples

Software relying on Cloud infrastructure to support
Services ← functiionality of other applications, or a support
application itself i.e. Google Maps, PayPal, OpenID etc.

An Application leveraging the Cloud infrastructure for its
Application ← delivery. Think SaaS i.e. Skype, Facebook, Saleforce.com,
Google Apps

Leveraging Cloud infrastructure to deliver a solution
Platform ← stack on which other Applications may be developed.
Think PaaS i.e. Azure, Google App Engine

Leveraging Cloud infrastructure to deliver storage
Storage ← solutions or database services i.e. Amazon S3, Apple
MobileMe iDisk, Symantec Cloud Backup

Delivery of underlying virtualized compute platform or
Infrastructure ← management tools for this environment. Think IaaS i.e.
Sun Cloud, Amazon EC2, GoGrid, RightScale etc.


A Possible Definition

Cloud Computing is an Information Technology
architecture in which virtualized and scalable resources
are provided as a service over a network to a user
community and billed on a consumption basis



Comparisons
• Cloud Computing is similar to, but not:
- Grid Computing i.e. implementing virtual
supercomputer comprising a network of loosely coupled
compute and storage resources targeted to specific
classes of computation (think top supercomputer sites)
- Utility Computing i.e. packaging compute, networking
and storage resources delivered to the user of a
metered basis i.e metaphor of electrical power delivery
(think Sun Grid)

• Why not?
- No virtualization



Fundamental Technology
• Server Virtualization
- abstract OS, software stack and applications
from underlying harwdare
- Virtual Machine
- OS + sofware stack i.e. Linux Apache, MySQL,
Python/Perl/PHP

- Virtual Appliance
- virtual machine with additional software to perform
specific task such as database server, web server



Key Characteristic
• Cloud Application Programming
Interface (API)
- location of various virtual instances
- specify how the various virtual instances are
configured and interconnected
- No standards yet, but vendors like
RightScale addressing with their specific
middleware



Deployment Model
• On-Demand
- resources available to scale up and down as
business conditions merit

• Self-Service
- organization can determine how and when
rsources are scaled up and down

• Pay-by-Use
- consumption model, pay for what is used



Upside / Downside
• Architectural Complexity
- dynamic scaling - up and down - in addition
to existing application architecture - which
components map on to what servers, data
security, overall application manageability

• Architectural Simplification
- composable applications taking advantage
of wealth of virtual appliance definitions

• When it Works... It’s great
- Animoto -> 50 to 3500 servers in 3 days


Infrastructure Models

• Business Policy Determines
Infrastructure Service Model
- temporary vs permanent / security model /
data location / infrastructure specifics
- Service models could include:
- Public Cloud
- Private Cloud
- Hybrid Cloud



Public Cloud
• Public Clouds are the Current Buzz
- For example, Amazon EC2 / S3, Microsoft
Azure Services Platform, IBM Smart
Business
- multi customer / multi tennancy
- large available infrastructure but “invisible”
- remote location can be business value
- could host virtual private datacenter



Private Cloud

• New Vision for IT Deployment
- Flexibility of Cloud deployment but with
security and increased control of resources
- more limited in infrastructure deployment
- SLA’s easier to determine/ enforce
- high visibility into actual infrastructure resources
- mitigate possible bandwidth issues



Hybrid Cloud

• Combination approach
- Overflow workloads from private to public
cloud - planned vs unplanned workloads
- Business policy determine on which service
a particular app should be deployed



Looking at Amazon EC3
Preconfigured Amazon Machine Images (AMI)
Operating Systems
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Windows Server 2003 Oracle Enterprise Linux

openSolaris openSUSE Linux Ubuntu Linux

Fedora Gentoo Linux Debian

Customize AMIs to suit your needs
Database Software Batch Processing Web Hosting
IBM DB2 Hadoop Apache

IBM Informix Dynamic
Condor IIS/ASP.Net
Server
IBM Lotus Web Content
MySQL Enterprise openMPI
Management
Microsoft SQL Server IBM Websphere Portal
Standard 2005 Server


EC3 Machine Instances
Instance Type Instance Definition Hourly Pricing
1.7 GB of memory, 1 EC2 Compute Unit (1 virtual core / 1
Small EC2 compute unit), 160 GB of instance storage, 32-bit $0.10

7.5 GB of memory, 4 EC2 Compute Units (2 virtual
Large cores / 2 EC2 Compute Units each), 850 GB of $0.40
instance storage, 64-bit platform

15 GB of memory, 8 EC2 Compute Units (4 virtual
Extra Large cores / 2 EC2 Compute Units each), 1690 GB of $0.80
instance storage, 64-bit

1.7 GB of memory, 5 EC2 Compute Units (2 virtual
High CPU
cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each), 350 GB of $0.20
Medium instance storage, 32-bit

7 GB of memory, 20 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual
High CPU Extra
cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each), 1690 GB of $0.80
Large instance storage, 64-bit

EC2 Compute Unit (ECU) – One EC2 Compute Unit (ECU) provides the equivalent CPU capacity of a 1.0 -
1.2 GHz 2007 Opteron or 2007 Xeon processor


Cloud Center Buildout
• Major Cloud Center Players
- Amazon / EC2
- aws.amazon.com/ec2/

- Google Microsoft Center in
San Antonio TX

- IBM / Smart Business Service
Microsoft adding ~10,000
servers / mo. into its Cloud
Services infrastructure
- www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud

- Microsoft / Azure Services Platform
- www.microsoft.com/azure

- Sun / Sun Cloud
- www.sun.com/solutions/cloudcomputing

Photograph©courtsey Microsoft
Copyright 2009 Peter Denyer 17


Value Propositions
• Increase Pace of Innovation
- fast prototypes, new mash-ups, low cost of entry

• Mitigate infrastructure expense
- CapEx vs OpEx

• Scalable Delivery
- positive response to viral success

• Disaster Recovery Resource
- recovery strategy for business disasters



Issues Remain

• To Name But a Few...
- Performance
- Security / Authentication
- Data Bandwidth
- Service Level Agreements
- API Standards



Ongoing Research -
RSS Feed on Twitter



References
• Wikipedia: Cloud Computing
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

• IBM Cloud Computing
- www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/

• Sun Microsystems
- www.sun.com/solutions/cloudcomputing

• Appistry
- www.appistry.com

• RightScale
- www.rightscale.com



Acknowledgements

Background graphic courtsey of
www.backgroundlabs.com
and used with appreciation



Cloud Computing Intro

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