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Andrew Maxwell
Lassonde School of Engineering
© Maxwell and McNamee 2012 - 2015
Canvas4
 Framework for identifying most promising
opportunities for a novel technology
 Dramatically increases likelihood that novel
technologies will be deployed
 Improved the likelihood of commercial success
 Uses market evidence to change innovators’
behaviors
 Increases knowledge about commercialization
process
 Traditional technology commercialization doesn’t work
Technology is developed without clear view of market
 Neither TTO or inventor have resources / knowledge
 Most TTOs have more failures than successes
 Training innovators doesn’t always get results
Funding
Initial
Concept /
Research
Funding
Follow-on
Research
(Technical)
Funding
Attempt to
License /
Sell
TECHNOLOGY PUSH
Canvas4
 New technology commercialization doesn’t work
 Focuses on market pull, and market validation
 Yet most customers do not know what they want
 Ignores technology as a competitive advantage
 Identifies market, not business, opportunities
LEAN STARTUP / DESIGN THINKING
 Involves 5 divergent and convergent stages
 Creates market centric technology development process
 Leverages novel technology development
 Integrates: job mapping, value proposition, lean
startup, and business model methodologies
 Identifies adjacent markets and adoption strategies
Technology to
Jobs
Jobs to Value
Proposition
Value
Proposition to
Market
Selection
Barriers to
Entry
Market to
Encouraging
Adoption
What does the
technology do?
Where does
this offer a
benefit?
What
additional
applications
can it be used
for?
Where does it
do this better
than the
alternates?
What jobs can
it do?
What are most
promising
opportunities?
What
stakeholders
are affected?
What other
factors influence
decision?
What can you
do to reduce
these barriers?
What are the
barriers to
adoption?
Other alternatives
often exist that can
also be used to
accomplish the
original as well as
alternative jobs
That technology or capability can usually
also be applied to accomplish [other]
tasks relevant to other jobs
Product /
Service
Customer
Job
Technology
/
Capability
A product or service is
built / delivered by
applying some
technologies or
capabilities to do a
specific customer job
Underlying technolo-
gies may be unique or
common and the
organization’s ability to
deliver that technology /
capability may be strong
or weak
Sometimes go-to-market
barriers or users’ resistance to
adopt can drive us to look for
alternative applications (jobs)
1. You have chance to experience TechConnect by working in
groups on a single stage of the process, and then sharing
the outcomes
2. First explain the overall process using an
example: Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
3. Then we will focus on two stages:
a. Job-mapping to value proposition
b. Overcoming barriers to adoption
4. We will split into two groups, and ask you to engage in a
brain-writing divergence/convergence exercise
5. We will then come back together to review
Rectifies
alternating
current
Produces
light of
specific
frequency
Produces
light
efficiently
Can be
embedded
in semi-
conductors
Works on
low voltage
More +
efficient
than
incandescent
Longer +
lifetime
than
incandescent
Easily +
dimmable
High -
initial cost
Can be
moved
while in
use
Lower
operating
costs for
street light
operators
Sodium
lights give
different
illumination
coverage
Capital
costs are
much
higher (incl.
fixture)
Municipal
finance
Municipal
engineer
Safety/
Police
Motorists
Mainte-
nance
Residents
Standards
Environ-
mentalists
Upfront
high cost
Technical
performance
Light
levels
Driving
conditions
Reduced
workloads
Background
lighting
Compliance
Reduced
energy
consumption
Financing
Verification
Tests
User
feedback
Changing
business
model
Background
lighting
Compliance
Reduced
energy
consumption
Sources of
funds
Fixture
design
Lens
design
Lead users
Current
installer
inertia
Need for
modifying
fixture
Product
design
Use to
fund
capital
costs
 Job Mapping is the idea that you hire a technology to do a
job for you – not to outperform an existing technology
 First identify what are the advantages or disadvantages of
this technology over other solutions
 Identify applications for this property (that you could not
do before, or are much better than alternates)
Technology Original
Application (Job)
Major / Unexpected
Application (Job)
Encryption Secure data on Palm Payment processor
(PayPal/eBay….)
Massive multi-
player game
Photo sharing in
Game Neverending
Photo sharing website
(Flickr/Yahoo)
Mobile music
sharing
Downloadable music
to smartphones
Multiplatform
messaging (KIK)
1. There is a natural tendency for organizations to keep
doing what they’re doing and resist changes. In the
absence of a force, they will continue to do what
they’ve always done.
2. Larger organizations require more force to change
what they are doing than smaller organizations.
3. For every force there is a reaction force that is
equal in size, but opposite in direction. When
someone exerts a force on an organization, he or she
gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally
hard.
Essential rule of stimulating adoption
Persuading a customer, or user, to adopt your
innovation requires them to:
* switch from using an existing product / service
* adopt an entirely new product or service
Changing behaviours means motivating customers,
or users, to change – how do you motivate them?
2
16
Brain writing is an idea-generating method that
involves everyone in a group activity.
Idea is to have everyone participate by writing down
ideas on Post-It notes (in brainstorming only the most
vocal people tend to participate).
People post ideas, and then look at ideas posted to
see if they can build on them.
Towards end of the session, ideas are grouped and
prioritised.
Report back involves discussion of why specific ideas
were chosen.
Group One:
Identify how advantages and disadvantages of LEDs
can be used to fulfil jobs and create value.
Example solution: Shock resistance allows LEDS to be
used by performing artists on stage.
Group Two:
Identify how (technical/social/economic) LED barriers
to entry in specific applications can be overcome.
Example solution: Lead users can be given prototypes
to build brand and awareness.
*Efficiency: LEDs emit more lumens per watt.
*Color: LEDs can emit light of an intended color without filters.
*Size: LEDs can be very small and attached to pcbs.
*On/Off time: LEDs light up very quickly.
*Cycling: LEDs are ideal for frequent on-off cycling.
*Dimming: LEDs can be dimmed (pwm or lowering forward
current).
*Slow failure: LEDs fail by dimming over time.
*Lifetime: LEDs can have a relatively long useful life.
*Shock resistance: LEDs are difficult to damage.
*Focus: LEDs can be designed to focus their light.
*High initial price: LEDs have higher initial capital cost.
*Temperature dependence: LED performance may require heat
sink.
*Voltage sensitivity: LEDs must be supplied with threshold
voltage.
*Light quality: Most cool-white LEDs spectra differ from
incandescent.
*Area light source: Single LEDs do not approximate a point
source of light.
*Electrical polarity: LEDs will only light with correct electrical
polarity.
*Efficiency droop: The luminous efficacy of LEDs decreases as
current increases.
*Impact on insects: LEDs more attractive to insects.
*Use in winter conditions: Can be obscured by snow.
*Dimming controls: Traditional controls may not work with LEDs
Inside Buildings
Displays
Outside Buildings
Automotive
Lessons Learned
andrew.maxwell@lassonde.yorku.ca
Lassonde School of Engineering
Canvas4
Canvas4

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Canvas4

  • 1. Andrew Maxwell Lassonde School of Engineering © Maxwell and McNamee 2012 - 2015
  • 3.  Framework for identifying most promising opportunities for a novel technology  Dramatically increases likelihood that novel technologies will be deployed  Improved the likelihood of commercial success  Uses market evidence to change innovators’ behaviors  Increases knowledge about commercialization process
  • 4.  Traditional technology commercialization doesn’t work Technology is developed without clear view of market  Neither TTO or inventor have resources / knowledge  Most TTOs have more failures than successes  Training innovators doesn’t always get results Funding Initial Concept / Research Funding Follow-on Research (Technical) Funding Attempt to License / Sell TECHNOLOGY PUSH
  • 6.  New technology commercialization doesn’t work  Focuses on market pull, and market validation  Yet most customers do not know what they want  Ignores technology as a competitive advantage  Identifies market, not business, opportunities LEAN STARTUP / DESIGN THINKING
  • 7.  Involves 5 divergent and convergent stages  Creates market centric technology development process  Leverages novel technology development  Integrates: job mapping, value proposition, lean startup, and business model methodologies  Identifies adjacent markets and adoption strategies Technology to Jobs Jobs to Value Proposition Value Proposition to Market Selection Barriers to Entry Market to Encouraging Adoption
  • 8. What does the technology do? Where does this offer a benefit? What additional applications can it be used for? Where does it do this better than the alternates? What jobs can it do?
  • 9. What are most promising opportunities? What stakeholders are affected? What other factors influence decision? What can you do to reduce these barriers? What are the barriers to adoption?
  • 10. Other alternatives often exist that can also be used to accomplish the original as well as alternative jobs That technology or capability can usually also be applied to accomplish [other] tasks relevant to other jobs Product / Service Customer Job Technology / Capability A product or service is built / delivered by applying some technologies or capabilities to do a specific customer job Underlying technolo- gies may be unique or common and the organization’s ability to deliver that technology / capability may be strong or weak Sometimes go-to-market barriers or users’ resistance to adopt can drive us to look for alternative applications (jobs)
  • 11. 1. You have chance to experience TechConnect by working in groups on a single stage of the process, and then sharing the outcomes 2. First explain the overall process using an example: Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 3. Then we will focus on two stages: a. Job-mapping to value proposition b. Overcoming barriers to adoption 4. We will split into two groups, and ask you to engage in a brain-writing divergence/convergence exercise 5. We will then come back together to review
  • 12. Rectifies alternating current Produces light of specific frequency Produces light efficiently Can be embedded in semi- conductors Works on low voltage More + efficient than incandescent Longer + lifetime than incandescent Easily + dimmable High - initial cost Can be moved while in use Lower operating costs for street light operators Sodium lights give different illumination coverage Capital costs are much higher (incl. fixture)
  • 14.  Job Mapping is the idea that you hire a technology to do a job for you – not to outperform an existing technology  First identify what are the advantages or disadvantages of this technology over other solutions  Identify applications for this property (that you could not do before, or are much better than alternates) Technology Original Application (Job) Major / Unexpected Application (Job) Encryption Secure data on Palm Payment processor (PayPal/eBay….) Massive multi- player game Photo sharing in Game Neverending Photo sharing website (Flickr/Yahoo) Mobile music sharing Downloadable music to smartphones Multiplatform messaging (KIK)
  • 15. 1. There is a natural tendency for organizations to keep doing what they’re doing and resist changes. In the absence of a force, they will continue to do what they’ve always done. 2. Larger organizations require more force to change what they are doing than smaller organizations. 3. For every force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but opposite in direction. When someone exerts a force on an organization, he or she gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard.
  • 16. Essential rule of stimulating adoption Persuading a customer, or user, to adopt your innovation requires them to: * switch from using an existing product / service * adopt an entirely new product or service Changing behaviours means motivating customers, or users, to change – how do you motivate them? 2 16
  • 17. Brain writing is an idea-generating method that involves everyone in a group activity. Idea is to have everyone participate by writing down ideas on Post-It notes (in brainstorming only the most vocal people tend to participate). People post ideas, and then look at ideas posted to see if they can build on them. Towards end of the session, ideas are grouped and prioritised. Report back involves discussion of why specific ideas were chosen.
  • 18. Group One: Identify how advantages and disadvantages of LEDs can be used to fulfil jobs and create value. Example solution: Shock resistance allows LEDS to be used by performing artists on stage. Group Two: Identify how (technical/social/economic) LED barriers to entry in specific applications can be overcome. Example solution: Lead users can be given prototypes to build brand and awareness.
  • 19. *Efficiency: LEDs emit more lumens per watt. *Color: LEDs can emit light of an intended color without filters. *Size: LEDs can be very small and attached to pcbs. *On/Off time: LEDs light up very quickly. *Cycling: LEDs are ideal for frequent on-off cycling. *Dimming: LEDs can be dimmed (pwm or lowering forward current). *Slow failure: LEDs fail by dimming over time. *Lifetime: LEDs can have a relatively long useful life. *Shock resistance: LEDs are difficult to damage. *Focus: LEDs can be designed to focus their light.
  • 20. *High initial price: LEDs have higher initial capital cost. *Temperature dependence: LED performance may require heat sink. *Voltage sensitivity: LEDs must be supplied with threshold voltage. *Light quality: Most cool-white LEDs spectra differ from incandescent. *Area light source: Single LEDs do not approximate a point source of light. *Electrical polarity: LEDs will only light with correct electrical polarity. *Efficiency droop: The luminous efficacy of LEDs decreases as current increases. *Impact on insects: LEDs more attractive to insects. *Use in winter conditions: Can be obscured by snow. *Dimming controls: Traditional controls may not work with LEDs

Editor's Notes

  1. Ask / reframe question to get the group thinking Question assumptions constantly Don’t restrict or limit statements / claims unnecessarily Post-It Notes Write one idea per post-it Try to write legibly No Judgment / Don’t Filter Write down anything that seems relevant; don’t trust your memory!!! (including things others say as well as your own thoughts) Find a spot to place every post-it on the template Make sure to identify unknowns / unanswered questions as you go It’s ok to go back to earlier sections to add more ideas
  2. Ask / reframe question to get the group thinking Question assumptions constantly Don’t restrict or limit statements / claims unnecessarily Post-It Notes Write one idea per post-it Try to write legibly No Judgment / Don’t Filter Write down anything that seems relevant; don’t trust your memory!!! (including things others say as well as your own thoughts) Find a spot to place every post-it on the template Make sure to identify unknowns / unanswered questions as you go It’s ok to go back to earlier sections to add more ideas
  3. It would be cool to show an animation that took one ven diagram for a previous technology and showed the techconnect process as identifying a new product. Can also animate in other alternatives that exist onto the job. e.g., Breast Cancer assessment technology, breast cancer diagnosis as job, challenges of approvals >> evolve over to other job, non-destructive material assessment in manufacturing, alternatives, go to market implications… Technology, Core Competencies, Capabilities, uniqueness – what are competencies and technology.
  4. Ask / reframe question to get the group thinking Question assumptions constantly Don’t restrict or limit statements / claims unnecessarily Post-It Notes Write one idea per post-it Try to write legibly No Judgment / Don’t Filter Write down anything that seems relevant; don’t trust your memory!!! (including things others say as well as your own thoughts) Find a spot to place every post-it on the template Make sure to identify unknowns / unanswered questions as you go It’s ok to go back to earlier sections to add more ideas
  5. First Deconstruct Technology What functions or tasks can the technology accomplish? Under what conditions can it accomplish these things? (include other unique / interesting aspects of how it does things) In what instances are these strengths / when might this be good? (also when might this seem like a weakness or seem bad) Second Construct Relevant Jobs What customer jobs require these functions or tasks? (e.g., what are situations when these tasks are useful) Which jobs are currently unmet and which have alternatives? (also identify alternatives or competitors when they exist) What are the advantages of this technology in each job? (consider the complete process within the job and the consumption chain for this product / service vs. alternatives)
  6. Maybe this is the place to reiterate the challenge to translational / applied research This slide mixes the definition of technology as well as the unintended jobs. Table should maybe be labeled ‘job’. Potentially order for this section: A single technology can solve different problems / serve market needs / do multiple jobs (defines technology and job – also each job can be done with multiple technologies < leave this till later but point back to this) Technologies achieve commercial success in unexpected areas / doing unexpected jobs (turn into unexpected products?) Technologies / core competencies / capability and competitive advantage / differentiation. Jobs to be done framework Product as a Technology <> Job match.
  7. Maybe this is the place to reiterate the challenge to translational / applied research This slide mixes the definition of technology as well as the unintended jobs. Table should maybe be labeled ‘job’. Potentially order for this section: A single technology can solve different problems / serve market needs / do multiple jobs (defines technology and job – also each job can be done with multiple technologies < leave this till later but point back to this) Technologies achieve commercial success in unexpected areas / doing unexpected jobs (turn into unexpected products?) Technologies / core competencies / capability and competitive advantage / differentiation. Jobs to be done framework Product as a Technology <> Job match.
  8. Knowledge occurs when an individual (or other decision-making unit) learns of the innovation’s existence and gains some understanding of how it functions. Persuasion occurs when an individual (or other decision-making unit) forms a favourable or unfavourable attitude toward the innovation. Decision occurs when an individual (or other decision-making unit) engages in activities that lead to a choice to adopt or reject the innovation. Implementation occurs when an individual (or other decision-making unit) puts an innovation into use. Re-invention is especially likely to occur at the implementation stage. Confirmation occurs when an individual (or other decision-making unit) seeks reinforcement of an innovation-decision that has already been made, but the individual may reverse this previous decision if exposed to conflicting innovation.