This document discusses medical errors and misdiagnosis. It notes that one in five medical errors are potentially serious or fatal, and that the most common reasons for medical malpractice claims are surgery errors and diagnostic errors. Diagnostic errors account for many preventable deaths annually in the US. Some of the leading causes of misdiagnosis discussed include lack of healthcare professionals, poor teamwork and follow up, human cognitive factors, and too much focus on one exam finding. The document also provides strategies to reduce errors such as thorough history taking, physical exams, using diagnostic aids, and always following up on concerning symptoms.
This document discusses modern aspects of homeopathy and the importance of diagnosis. It provides background on the author, Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma, and his qualifications. It discusses Hahnemann's views on the value of diagnosis from the 6th and 7th editions of the Organon of Medicine. The document emphasizes that diagnosis is necessary for selecting the correct treatment, medicine, and management plan. It argues that homeopaths should be allowed to use necessary auxiliary measures like oxygen support and fluid administration when treating patients. The Central Council of Homoeopathy confirms homeopaths' right to use supplementation and diagnostic methods.
Here are a few potential arguments against disclosing this medical error:
- The error was minor and unlikely to cause harm, so there is no need to disclose and risk upsetting the parents unnecessarily.
- Disclosing could undermine the parents' trust in the medical system even though the child was not actually harmed.
- Parents may not realize an error occurred, so telling them just introduces unwarranted worry or concern.
- Disclosure focuses on the mistake rather than the child's well-being and risks damaging the doctor-patient relationship.
However, there are also good arguments for disclosure, such as the principles of honesty, respecting patient autonomy, and avoiding potential future harm from non-disclosure
C04 P02 CRITERIA FOR SCREENING TESTS.pptsanakhader3
Screening tests must meet criteria related to both the disease and the test itself. For the disease, it should be an important health problem with a recognizable early stage. Its natural history must be understood and there should be an agreed treatment. For the test, it needs to be simple, acceptable, repeatable, valid, and cost-effective. Screening occurs for various age groups from antenatal to elderly, with tests tailored for issues relevant at each stage of life. Programs must be evaluated to ensure objectives are being met. Overall, screening can help disease control if criteria are followed appropriately.
Assessment of the Genitalia and RectumStudent Na.docxgalerussel59292
Assessment of the Genitalia and Rectum
Student Name
University
Course
Instructor
Date of Submission
Assessing the Genitalia and Rectum
Overview
Regularly, care providers are faced with various challenges that require knowledge and skills to address. As indicated by McBain, Pullon, Garrett, and Hoare (2016), it is not easy to evaluate the genitalia and make use of the evaluation in making and influencing a medical conclusion. Genitalia assessment is challenging at the point when a client visits a care facility giving unclear subjective information. Care providers should be equipped with adequate assessment and communications capabilities to enable them to gather objective data which is critical it the determination of the correct diagnosis (McBain, Pullon, Garrett & Hoare, 2016). This assignment aims to disintegrate the subjective and objective data that is provided and recommending additional information that ought to be included in the SOAP note. The process ought to match the present-day intuitive literature. Besides, the current literature-based proof will be availed. Analytic evaluation that is critical in the evaluation process will be assessed, and the patient's subjective data will be documented. This is aimed at supporting or disproving the evaluation. The care provider will uphold an analytical test by making use of pertinent health support regarding the importance of making an appropriate diagnosis. Finally, the paper will distinguish practical conclusions to take into consideration and justify each outcome, including the current diagnosis.
Analysis of subjective data
In this part, I will assess the subjective data regarding the subject situation. Subjective information incorporates the data that is availed by the client regarding his or her symptoms. Under normal circumstances, it incorporates perceptions, feelings, and concerns. Subjective information is critical since it provides the care provider with the patient's background concerning the purpose of the presentation. The therapists can understand the whole matter by giving ear to the patient (Colby et al., 2017). When the client is giving subjective information, the therapist is expected to take notes to have a better understanding of the patient's problem. The notes enhance the illustration of the patient's account. Patients have a better understanding of them thus listening giving ear to their problems will potentially facilitate a better outcome. Listening enhances the therapist to promote for the patients' needs appropriately. The client's objective data is as indicated below:
. CC: “There are bumps in my bottom which is would like to be assessed”
• HPI: MD is aged 21, and she is a BB college student. She presents at the care facility complaining of external bumps around her genital region. As per her report, the bumps are not painful but they are firm. She expresses that she is active sexually and that she had been involved in numerous sexual relationships ov.
Assessment of the Genitalia and RectumStudent Na.docxfestockton
This document provides an analysis of the subjective and objective data for a case involving a 21-year-old female college student presenting with bumps around her genital region. The summary analyzes the patient's history and physical exam findings. Differential diagnoses are discussed, including epidermal cysts, Bartholin cysts, and primary syphilis (chancre). Laboratory tests are recommended to confirm or rule out infections like HSV and STDs. The most likely diagnosis given the presentation of painless bumps on the external labia is chancroid (primary syphilis), but further diagnostic testing is needed before making a definitive diagnosis.
This document provides an overview of epidemiology and periodontal diseases. It is guided by several doctors and discusses key epidemiological concepts like prevalence, incidence, sensitivity and specificity. Periodontal diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis are defined. Gingivitis involves inflammation of the gingiva while periodontitis also includes loss of periodontal attachment. The aims, objectives and study designs of epidemiology are summarized.
The failure of a planned action to be completed as intended, or as the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim.
A preventable adverse effect of care, whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient.
This document discusses patient safety in healthcare. It defines patient safety as the absence of preventable harm during healthcare. It notes that most patient harm is due to systemic flaws rather than individual negligence. It then discusses various types of patient safety concerns like medical errors, adverse events, infections, and falls. International patient safety goals are also presented, such as properly identifying patients, improving communication, and reducing healthcare-associated infections. The document emphasizes that improving safety requires efforts across many areas to protect patients from harm.
The document discusses evidence-based medicine (EBM) and functional medicine. It notes that EBM aims to provide optimal health rather than just treat disease, taking a patient-centered rather than disease-centered approach. Functional medicine uses a systems-based approach and considers lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors to identify the underlying causes of disease. It factors in influences like genomics, epigenomics, and the microbiome to build on previous paradigms and improve disease prediction and prevention strategies.
More people die annually from medication errors than from workplace injuries. An error in the prescribing, dispensing, administration of a drug irrespective of whether such errors lead to adverse consequences or not. In India, Medication Error is just a TERM and its significance is undervalued and remains unreported. Reported incidence of this iatrogenic disease related to medication error- tip of the iceberg. medication error can be visualized with the SWISS CHEESE MODEL OF SYSTEM accidents
Medication errors are described under prescription errors, transcription errors, administration errors. Based on the causes of errors the NCC MERP Index is formulated to categorize medication errors from Category A- I. Appropriate monitoring, good team communication, knowledgeable staff, RCA and policy on check of medication errors can reduce its incidence and make patient more safe.
Johns Hopkins Hospital doctors report that 40%-80% of chronic pain patient are misdiagnosed, and that MRIs and CTs miss pathology 56%-78% of the time, Therefore, during extensive chart reviews of current medical data will produce a classic case of GIGO-garbage in giving garbage out. The need for accurate diagnoses and testing is critical for AI to work.
This document discusses delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) and different assessment tools for diagnosing delirium. It provides background on delirium, risk factors, and the need for accurate assessment. Several studies are summarized that evaluated various delirium assessment tools used by nurses in the ICU, with most finding the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) to be the most effective. The document argues for implementing routine delirium screening of high-risk patients and monitoring using the CAM-ICU to improve outcomes like length of stay and mortality.
The document discusses key concepts related to screening in preventive medicine. It defines screening as tests or examinations applied to apparently healthy individuals to detect disease in early stages. The biggest challenges are distinguishing individuals with and without disease given many diseases exist on a spectrum. An ideal screening test is inexpensive, easy to use, acceptable, valid, reliable and has high yield. The criteria for screening include the disease being an important health problem with a long preclinical stage and treatability. Screening programs must be continually evaluated to ensure benefits outweigh costs.
This document discusses patient safety in hospitals. It notes that the primary goal of any hospital is to do no harm to patients. However, studies show that 1 in 10 patients in developed countries are harmed while receiving care. Developing countries face an even higher risk, with many unsafe medical practices like improper injection techniques. Some key issues contributing to patient safety problems include medication errors, wrong site surgeries, staff shortages, poor communication and infrastructure. The document outlines various strategies that can be implemented to improve patient safety, such as proper training, standardized practices, monitoring medication administration, and reporting and preventing adverse events.
The document discusses diagnostic error in healthcare. It begins by noting that inaccurate diagnoses, incorrect treatments, and lack of diagnoses contribute to unnecessary costs, inefficiency, and patient dissatisfaction. Improving diagnostic accuracy can help achieve quality, control costs, and increase patient satisfaction. The document then discusses:
- The high incidence of diagnostic errors, which result in tens of thousands of deaths per year and enormous financial tolls.
- Evidence that diagnostic errors commonly cause patient harm and occur across primary care, inpatient, and outpatient settings.
- An innovative solution of independent virtual second opinions to address diagnostic errors by improving accuracy and ensuring appropriate treatment.
This document outlines the course content for a 9th semester differential diagnosis and clinical decision making course. It discusses topics like intro to medical screening, differential diagnosis of various body systems, the process of differential diagnosis, screening and its purpose, reasons for medical disease screening, red and yellow flags, and the physical therapist's role in disease diagnosis, prevention, and clinical reasoning. Key terms like quicker, sicker, and signed prescription in relation to medical screening are also defined. A case example demonstrates recognition of red flags that warrant physician consultation.
Dr. Harold Freeman founded the first patient navigation program in 1990 to help reduce barriers to care for low-income cancer patients. A study he conducted between 1995-2000 found that the five-year cancer survival rate increased to 70% for low-income patients who received help from patient navigators, compared to only 39% in an earlier study without navigators. Research has shown that patient navigators increase patient compliance, decrease delays in care, and can increase patient satisfaction scores by explaining treatment plans and helping patients overcome barriers to care. While start-up costs may be high initially, patient navigators ultimately save health systems money by reducing unnecessary emergency room visits and improving health outcomes.
Senior Healthcare Consultant (Geriatric) class at Piedmont Hospitalsnomadicnurse
The first of a 2-day class on Geriatric issues for nursing staff at all 4 Piedmont hospitals funded by a HRSA Comprehensive Geriatric Education Grant 2009-2012.
The document discusses patient safety definitions, goals, and best practices. It defines patient safety as working to avoid, manage, and treat unsafe acts in healthcare through the use of best practices leading to optimal patient outcomes. The goals are to provide a safe environment for all individuals by promoting a proactive, non-punitive culture that facilitates reporting of hazards, errors, near-misses, and other unsafe conditions. Key aspects that should be reported include unanticipated outcomes, infections, errors, near misses, and safety concerns. Effective communication, identifying patients correctly, improving medication safety, ensuring correct procedures, reducing infections, and mitigating fall risks are emphasized as important areas of focus.
Similar to MALPRACTICE IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS.pptx (19)
Exploring Alternatives- Why Laparoscopy Isn't Always Best for Hydrosalpinx.pptxFFragrant
Not all women with hydrosalpinx should choose laparoscopy. Natural medicine Fuyan Pill can also be a nice option for patients, especially when they have fertility needs.
Chair, Benjamin M. Greenberg, MD, MHS, discusses neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in this CME activity titled “Mastering Diagnosis and Navigating the Sea of Targeted Treatments in NMOSD: Practical Guidance on Optimizing Patient Care.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/4av12w4. CME credit will be available until June 27, 2025.
Pharmacotherapy of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)HRITHIK DEY
This PowerPoint presentation provides an in-depth overview of the pharmacotherapy approaches for managing asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It covers the pathophysiology of these respiratory conditions, the various classes of medications used, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and the latest treatment guidelines. Designed for students, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in respiratory pharmacology, this presentation offers a comprehensive understanding of current therapeutic strategies and advancements in the field.
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Chair and Presenter, Stephen V. Liu, MD, Benjamin Levy, MD, Jessica J. Lin, MD, and Prof. Solange Peters, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to NSCLC for this CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE activity titled “Decoding Biomarker Testing and Targeted Therapy in NSCLC: The Complete Guide for 2024.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/4bBb8fi. CME/MOC/NCPD/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until July 1, 2025.
JMML is a rare cancer of blood that affects young children. There is a sustained abnormal and excessive production of myeloid progenitors and monocytes.
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Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates at which chemical reactions occur and the factors that influence these rates.
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Hepatocarcinoma today between guidelines and medical therapy. The role of sur...Gian Luca Grazi
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POTENTIAL TARGET DISEASES FOR GENE THERAPY SOURAV.pptxsouravpaul769171
Theoretically, gene therapy is the permanent solution for genetic diseases. But it has several complexities. At its current stage, it is not accessible to most people due to its huge cost. A breakthrough may come anytime and a day may come when almost every disease will have a gene therapy Gene therapy have the potential to revolutionize the practice of medicine.
Case presentation of a 14-year-old female presenting as unilateral breast enlargement and found to have a giant breast lipoma. The tumour was successfully excised with the result that the presumed unilateral breast enlargement reverting back to normal. A review of management including a photo of the removed Giant Lipoma is presented.
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2. deviation of the doctor or medical
professional from a generally
accepted standard of care That
may cause harm to the patient or
loss.
Dr. mostafa al wakil
3. And patients are increasingly backed by favorable legal developments. .
Another major contributing factor is the substantial increase in costs of
health care.
Dr. mostafa al wakil
4. There was time when doctors were given
a ‗GODLIKE‘ status and were held in the
highest esteem; and patients were intended
to be, well patient; passive and submissive.
But this has changed and Doctors are no
longer regarded as infallible and beyond
questioning
ALL
Dr. mostafa al wakil
6. ONE IN FIVE MEDICAL ERRORS ARE POTENIALLY
SERIOUS OR FATAL
Source: ncbi.nim.nih.gov
Dr. mostafa al wakil
7. Most common reasons for medical
malpractice claims
34% -surgery errors
46% -diagnostic errors
Dr. mostafa al wakil
8. Johns Hopkins researchers reported
Findings
Diagnosis errors account for 160,000
deaths annually in the USA
Source: National Center for Policy Analysis
Dr. mostafa al wakil
9. About 195,000 patients in the U.S. die from
preventable Misdiagnosis accounts for an
estimated errors in-hospitals each year
David Newman-Toker, M.D., Ph.D.
Source: National Center for Policy Analysis
Dr. mostafa al wakil
10. 28%of 583 diagnostic mistakes reported
anonymously by doctors were life-
threatening or had resulted in death or
permanent disability
Source: National Center for Policy Analysis
Dr. mostafa al wakil
11. Egypt
In a study made
in 2015 in Dakhalia and Damietta Governorates: A 10
Year Evaluation The number of claims over the 10
years period was 1355 claims. there are significant
increases in reporting the medical error in private and
central hospitals than university hospitals
Distribution of Total Medical Claims
According to the Type of Hospital
Dr. mostafa al wakil
13. What is Diagnosis ?
Diagnosis is The identification by a medical provider of a condition, disease,
or injury made by evaluating the symptoms and signs presented by a patient.
Diagnostic errors can lead to patient harm from wrong or delayed
testing or treatment.
For example
Globally, misdiagnoses may contribute to the nearly 7 million children who die
each year, mainly from preventable causes
Misdiagnosis (erroneous diagnosis)
Definition of misdiagnosis
It is the failure to (a) establish an accurate and timely
explanation of the patient’s health problem(s)
or (b) communicate that explanation to the patient
Dr. mostafa al wakil
15. A cognitive system is a one that performs the cognitive work of knowing,
understanding, planning, deciding, problem solving, analyzing,
synthesizing, assessing, and judging as they are fully integrated with
perceiving and acting. and is consisting of two systems
System 1 and System 2 are two distinct modes of decision making: System 1 is an
automatic, fast and often unconscious way of thinking. It is autonomous and
efficient, requiring little energy or attention, but is prone to biases and systematic
errors. System 2 is an effortful, slow and controlled way of thinking
Inmedicine, most of our errors occur whilst in the intuitive (system 1)
mode of thinking…..
System 2
System 1 Dr. mostafa al wakil
16. Misdiagnosis has three major categories :
1-False positive : misdiagnosis of a disease that is not actually present
2-False negative : failure to diagnose a disease that is present
3-Equivocal results : inconclusive interpretations without a definite diagnosis
Overdiagnosis also has been described as “when a condition is
diagnosed that would otherwise not go on to cause symptoms or death”
(Welch and Black, 2010, p. 605).
it can lead to treatment that may cause harm.
Dr. mostafa al wakil
17. 1-Lack of sufficient, competent health care
professionals, for example, due to lack of training.
2-Poor teamwork, lack of learning and feedback when
errors occur.
3-Limited follow-up reduces the ability for diagnostic
impressions to evolve. Lack of follow up may lead to misdiagnosis as
some diseases start with symptoms or signs and after certain period may give
another symptoms or signs or even different picture even complications of
diseases or surgery or some procedures appears later
4-Human factors and cognitive issues
The work environment and systems may be
subject to distractions, interruptions and a lack of
organization of information.
5-Too much attention to one finding during the
examination
6-Influenced by similar case ( WHO 2016 )
causes of misdiagnosis
Dr. mostafa al wakil
18. 13,000 known diseases, syndromes, injuries
4,000 possible tests
6,000 medications, treatments, and surgeries
Complexity
in Medicine
The average limits of
human working memory:
7 discrete items
Dr. mostafa al wakil
19. At-risk categories of harmful diagnostic errors
Infections
Viral infections Often misdiagnosed as bacterial and result in unnecessary
antibiotics
Cardiovascular disease
Myocardial infarction, stroke
Subtle premonitory symptoms at first-contact settings often missed
Delays in diagnosis prevalent in predisposing conditions, including type 2
diabetes (median delay >2 years; 7% remained undiagnosed at 7.5 years)
and hypertension
Cancer
Several cancer types
Alarm symptoms often poorly predictive low signal-to-noise ratio. Cancer
can be in differential of many common symptoms including headache, weight
loss, bleeding, pain
Pediatrics
suggests meningitis, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, appendicitis, sepsis and malignancy
Meningococcal disease
Misdiagnoses may contribute to the nearly 7 million children who die each
year, largely from preventable causes
viral infections diagnosed as bacterial infections, appendicitis ,hypertension and psychiatric
disorders
Dr. mostafa al wakil
20. Outcomes
They are considered as missed opportunities to make a correct or timely
diagnosis based on available evidence. The missed opportunity may
result from cognitive or system factors or both. To reduce hindsight bias,
there should be evidence of omission (failure to do the right thing) or
commission (doing something wrong) at the point in time at which the
error occurred (5,6). Figure 1 depicts the relationship between diagnostic
errors, missed opportunities and patient harm. Opportunities could be
missed by providers, care teams, systems or the patient.
Figure 1. Conceptual model of missed opportunities in diagnosis
Dr. mostafa al wakil
21. History is the most important part of diagnosis.
Omission of certain points in the history can lead to a
confusing clinical situation and unnecessary
investigations.
It is told that the chief complaints are to be written
in the words of the patient. But always it will not be
possible. In fact in most of the situations it is not
possible. Our patients complain in their local
language not in scientific words. At times it becomes
difficult to understand their complaint even in the
local language. So physician should first try to
understand the complaint clearly and then convert it
into a scientifically meaningful word without altering
the meaning
Dr. mostafa al wakil
22. A careful physical exam can help a clinician
refine the next steps in the diagnostic
process, can prevent unnecessary diagnostic
testing, and can aid in building trust with
the patient.
Healthcare providers have a duty to provide
information in simple, clear, and plain language and
to check that patients have understood the
information before ending the conversation
Dr. mostafa al wakil
23. V ascular
I nfections & intoxications
T rauma & toxins
A uto-immune
M etabolic
I diopathic & iatrogenic
N eoplastic
C ongenital
C onversion (psychiatric)
D egenerative
Use mnemonics and tricks:
Dr. mostafa al wakil
24. postmortem exams play a critical role in
understanding the epidemiology of diagnostic
errors
Teamwork in the diagnostic process involves the
collaboration of patients and their families; diagnosticians,
such as physicians, physician assistants
(PAs), and advanced practice nurses (APNs);
and health care professionals who support the diagnostic
process, such as nurses, pharmacists, laboratory
scientists, radiology technologists, medical assistants, and
patient navigators
Dr. mostafa al wakil
25. Medical imaging is characterized not just by
the increasingly precise anatomic detail it
offers but also by an increasing capacity to
illuminate biology.
Lab investigations and imaging
Diagnostic Test and Screening Test
A diagnostic testis used to determine the presence or absence of a
disease when a subject shows signs or symptoms of the disease
A screening test identifies asymptomatic individuals who may
have the disease
The diagnostic test is performed after positive screening test to
establish a definitive diagnosis
Dr. mostafa al wakil
26. diagnostic endoscopies
An endoscopy (looking inside) is used in medicine to look inside
the body. The endoscopy procedure uses an endoscope to
examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body.
Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are
inserted directly into the organ. it is used to diagnose , and treat
, usually it gives a confirmatory diagnosis in case of highly
suspicious diseases Dr. mostafa al wakil
27. A patient saw a family NP for a complaint of discharge and constant scabbing
of one of her nipples, of several months duration. The NP ordered topical
and oral antibiotics and a mammogram, which was negative. The patient
return seven months later with continuation of pain and discharge from the
same nipple. The NP referred the patient to a dermatologist. The patient
did not see the dermatologist. Four months later, the patient saw her
gynecologist, who again treated her breast symptoms with antibiotics, and
assured her that she did not have cancer. The patient saw the NP several
more times the year following the first visit. Eighteen months after the first
visit, the patient came to the NP with unmistakable masses in her breast.
The NP referred the patient to a surgical oncologist who diagnosed Paget’s
disease. The cancer had metastasized and the patient died shortly after the
diagnosis. The court said all three providers breached the standard of care.
Q. What the NP can learn from this case?
A. Always follow up on symptoms from the past.
Dr. mostafa al wakil
28. A 35-year-old woman visited a primary care physician’s office for various ailments in
2001 and 2002. She saw a primary care physician twice and a NP four times. The
patient had a history of spleenectomy in 1985. She had received a pneumovax
following the procedure. She not receive Haemophilus or meningococcal vaccine.
Subsequent to 2002 the patient developed a pneumococcal infection which called
for a 3-month hospitalization and a 2-month stay in a rehab facility. During her
hospitalization she became septic, suffered organ failure, and necrosis of her toes.
She can now walk only short distances and suffered from chronic infections and
pain. The patient/plaintiff contended that the standard of care required the
defendants to revaccinate the patient with a pneumovax booster due to her
asplenia. The plaintiff contended that if the defendants had complied with the
accepted standard of care, then she would have avoided her subsequent
pneumococcal infection. The clinicians argued that the patient’s visits had all been
for acute sick visits, not annual preventive and wellness physicians, which did not
provide them with the opportunity to recommend or administer a pneumococcal
vaccination. The parties reached a $3M settlement.
Q. What the NP can learn from this case?
A. Always perform a health-maintenance screen after every visit.
Dr. mostafa al wakil
29. Use direct quotes to
demonstrate your attention
to the patient, highlight
main areas of concern, build
credibility into the record,
and accurately document a
patient’s competency,
affect, and attitude. For
example: “I have been to
12 doctors and no one can
help me”.
Dr. mostafa al wakil
30. 1. Be careful about establishing patient-
provider relationships. Giving medical
advice?exercise caution and use
reasonably ordinary care
2. Know the standard of care and practice
within it
3. Follow your practice guidelines
4. If in doubt use the conservative approach
5. Rule out the worst diagnoses early on
6. Know the limits of training and expertise
7. Follow up
Dr. mostafa al wakil
31. ‘Good doctors are not
those who don’t make
mistakes; good doctors
are those who expect to
make mistakes and act on
that expectation.’
James Reason
Dr. mostafa al wakil
32. Malpractice litigation is said to target “bad” physicians and to be a
necessary
adjunct to regulatory and professional discipline (11), yet nearly
one in five doctors reports a malpractice claim annually and one-
third to
one-half of high-risk specialists face a claim every year. Are they all
bad
doctors?
Ref
11. Nace BJ, Stewart LS. Straight talk on medical malpractice.
American Trial Lawyers
Association, 1994:20.
12. Harming Patient Access to Care: Implications of Excessive
Litigation. Subcommittee
on Health, Committee on Energy and Commerce, US House of
Representatives.
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2002:160.
Dr. mostafa al wakil