Student centered
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Student-centered teaching methods shift the focus from the teacher to the learners. These methods include active learning where students solve problems and discuss in class, cooperative learning where students work in teams, and inductive teaching where students learn in context of challenges. When classrooms are student-centered, students and instructors share focus, students interact equally with each other and teachers, and group work is encouraged to help students collaborate and communicate. The term arose in response to decisions that did not consider what students needed to know or effective learning methods for individual students.
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Student centered
- 1. Student-centered Student-centered teaching methods shift the focus of activity from the teacher to the learners. These methods include active learning, in which students solve problems, answer questions, formulate questions of their own, discuss, explain, debate, or brainstorm during class; cooperative learning, in which students work in teams on problems and projects under conditions that assure both positive interdependence and individual accountability; and inductive teaching and learning, and learn the course material in the context of addressing the challenges. When a classroom operates with student-centered instruction, students and instructors share the focus. Instead of listening to the teacher exclusively, students and teachers interact equally. Group work is encouraged, and students learn to collaborate and communicate with one another. The term student-centered learning most likely arose in response to educational decisions that did not fully consider what students needed to know or what methods would be most effective in facilitating learning for individual students or groups of students. Instructor models; students interact with instructor and one another and students learn important communicative and collaborative skills through group work. Focus is on language use in typical situations (how students will use the language). Students work in pairs, in groups, or alone depending on the purpose of the activity. Focus is on both students and instructor. Students learn to direct their own learning, ask questions and complete tasks independently. Students talk without constant instructor monitoring; instructor provides feedback/correction when questions arise Students are more interested in learning activities when they can interact with one another and participate actively. Students answer each other’s questions, using instructor as an information resource. Students have some choice of topics. Students evaluate their own learning; instructor also evaluates. Classroom is often noisy and busy. The basic rationale is that schools should be designed to enhance student learning, not improve organizational efficiency.
- 2. Students have the flexibility to learn “anytime and anywhere,” meaning that student learning can take place outside of traditional classroom and school-based settings, such as through work-study programs or online courses, or during nontraditional times, such as on nights and weekends. Students are given opportunities to make choices about their own learning and contribute to the design of learning experiences.