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Section S S index 61-69 of 1376 terms
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saturation adiabat—Same as moist adiabat.
saturation-adiabatic lapse rate—Same as moist-adiabatic lapse rate.
saturation-adiabatic process—Same as moist-adiabatic process.
saturation deficit—1. The amount by which the water vapor in the air must be increased to achieve saturation without changing the environmental temperature and pressure. The saturation deficit may be expressed in terms of a vapor pressure deficit, an absolute humidity deficit, or a relative humidity deficit. 2. The physiological saturation deficit: “The difference between the amount of vapor actually present in the air (i.e., the absolute humidity) and amount that saturated air at body temperature contains (viz., about 45 gm per cubic m).”
Kendrew, W. G., 1930: Climate, p. 189.
saturation equivalent potential temperature—A thermodynamic variable θes defined as where θ is potential temperature, Lv is the latent heat of vaporization, Cp is specific heat at constant pressure, T is absolute temperature, and rsat is the theoretical value of the saturation mixing ratio of water in air of temperature T at pressure p. Compare saturation static energy, equivalent potential temperature.
saturation level—The altitude (and its corresponding pressure Psat) to which an air parcel must be lifted dry-adiabatically or lowered moist-adiabatically to be just saturated (100% relative humidity with no liquid water present). For unsaturated air, this is commonly known as the lifting condensation level. Saturation level is a conserved variable that does not change during adiabatic lifting or lowering of saturated or unsaturated air and can thus be used as a tracer for that air parcel. When paired with the corresponding saturation air temperature at that altitude, the result is a saturation point that can be represented on a thermodynamic diagram.
saturation mixing ratio—A thermodynamic function of state; the value of the mixing ratio of saturated air at the given temperature and pressure. This value may be read directly from a thermodynamic diagram. Without specific qualification, the saturation mixing ratio refers to saturation with respect to a plane surface of pure water. Saturation mixing ratios may also be specified with respect to a plane ice surface.
saturation point—A point on a thermodynamic diagram representing the state of the air defined by a pair of variables: Psat and Tsat, where Psat is the saturation pressure and Tsat is the saturation temperature. These latter variables are the pressure and temperature of an air parcel that was raised dry- adiabatically or lowered moist-adiabatically until it was just at saturation. The saturation point is a conserved variable for adiabatic motion and thus serves as a tracer for the air parcel on a thermodynamic diagram.
saturation pressure—The pressure at the saturation point.
saturation signal—A received signal with a power level that exceeds the dynamic range of the receiver. For such a signal, any increase in the power level causes no appreciable change in the output of the receiver.
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