See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections.
- Contradictions of the Enlightenment: Darwin, Freud, Einstein
- The Classical Synthesis
- The Advance of Medical Theory and Treatments
- Geology
- Biology: Red in Tooth and Claw
- Reactions to Darwin
- Social Darwinism
- Physics: The End of the Classical Synthesis
- Astronomy
- Psychology: The Obscurity of the Mind
- Philosophical Reflections: The End of Reason?
- Literature: Humanity's Heart of Darkness?
- Visual Arts: What to Do After Photography?
Contradictions of the
Enlightenment:
Darwin, Freud, Einstein
- SUMMARY: Late 19th Century Science and Culture
- WEB See History of Science Sourcebook
- WEB Philosophers, Scientists
and Theologians of the 19th Century [At Internet Archive]
Names, dates, and major works (with text links where available) - The Classical Synthesis
- Michael Faraday (1791-1867): Lectures on the Forces of Matter, 1859 [At this Site]
- Michael Faraday (1791-1867): The Chemical History of A Candle, 1860 [At this Site]
- 2ND John Tyndall: Faraday as a Discoverer, 1894, in chapter files, full text, [At Bibliomania]
- Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)(1824-1907): Tides, 1882 [At this Site]
- Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)(1824-1907): Wave Theory Of Light, 1884 [At this Site]
- Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz: On The Conservation Of Force, 1863 [At this Site]
- Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz: Ice and Glaciers, 1865 [At this Site]
- The Advance of Medical Theory and Treatments
- Edward Jenner (1749-1823): Three Original Publications on Vaccination Against Smallpox, 1798 [At this Site]
- Joseph Lister (1827-1912): Antiseptic Principle of The Practice of Surgery, 1867 [At this Site]
- Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894): Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever, 1843 [At this Site]
- Louis Pasteur (1822-1895): Germ Theory and Its Applications to Medicine and Surgery, 1878 [At this Site]
- Louis Pasteur (1822-1894): Extension of The Germ Theory, 1880 [At this Site]
- Louis Pasteur (1822-1895): Physiological Theory of Fermentation, 1879 [At this Site]
- H.C. Ernst: Extension of The Germ Theory, 1880 [At this Site]
- Geology
- Charles Lyell: Principles of Geology III & IV [At this Site]
- Archibald Geikie: Geographical Evolution, 1879 [At this Site]
- Biology: Red in Tooth and Claw
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882): The Voyage of the Beagle, 1845 [At Literature.Org][Full Text]
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882): On the Origin of Species, 1859 [At Literature.Org][Full Text]
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882): On the Origin of Species, 1859, extracts [At WSU]
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882): On the Origin of Species, 1859, extracts [At Hanover]
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882): The Descent of Man, 1871 [At Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882): The Descent of Man, 1871, excerpts [At this Site]
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882): The Descent of Man, 1871, excerpts on Sexual Selection [At this Site]
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882): The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals [At Project Gutenberg]
- Reactions to Darwin
- Samuel Wilberforce: On Darwin's Origin of
Species, 1860 [At this Site]
A negative reaction. - St. George Jackson Mivart (1827-1900): On the Genesis of the
Species, 1871 [At this Site]
Mivart was a Catholic convert who wrote a noted reply to the Darwinian thesis, which he did not dismiss out of hand, in 1871. In 1876, Pope Pius IX conferred on him the degree of doctor of philosophy. - J. H. Gladstone: Points of Supposed Collision Between
the Scriptures and Natural Science, 1872 [At this Site]
A lecture given at the behest of the Christian Evidence Society, in support of Christianity against the assault of the New Science upon Biblical authority.
- Samuel Wilberforce: On Darwin's Origin of
Species, 1860 [At this Site]
- Social Darwinism
- Herbert Spencer (1820-1903): Progess: Its Law and Causes,
1857, excerpts [At this Site]
Social Darwinism by its founder. Note the date! - Herbert Spencer (1820-1903): First Principles, 1862 [At McMaster][Full Text]
- Walter Bagehot: The Use of Conflict, 1872 [At this Site]
An application of evolutionary thought to military conflict. - Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895): The Method of Scientific Investigation, 1863 [At this Site]
- Thomas H. Huxley (1825-95): Science and Culture, 1880 [At this Site]
- Thomas H. Huxley (1825-95): The Struggle for Existence, 1888 [At this Site]
- Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895): Evolution and Ethics, 1894. [At Project Gutenberg] [Full text]
- Andrew White: The Warfare of Science and Theology in Christendom 1898 [At Hanover]
- Karl Pearson: National Life From the Standpoint of Science, 1900 [At this Site]
- William Graham Sumner (1840-1910): The Challenge of Facts,
pub. 1914 [At this Site]
An American social Darwinist mixes on the family and Socialism. - Lothrup Stoddard: The Revolt
Against Civilization: The Menace of the Under Man, 1922 [At Patrick Henry Online]
Practical social darwinism. - 2ND Robert M. Young: The Impact of Darwin on Conventional Thought [At Human Nature]
- Herbert Spencer (1820-1903): Progess: Its Law and Causes,
1857, excerpts [At this Site]
- Physics: The End of the Classical Synthesis
- WEB History of Mathematics archive [At St. Andrews]
- WEB Einstein
Online
Splendid collection of texts by and about Einstein, with links to all over the net. - WEB Einstein Revealed [At PBS]
- WEB Einstein Page
[At Internet Archive]
A great site for texts, with explanations of what they mean. - Albert Einstein (1879-1955): The General Theory of Relativity, part of a lecture at Princeton 1921, [At Internet Archive]
- Albert Einstein (1879-1955): Relativity: The Special and General Theory, 1916 and later edition. [Full Text][At Project Gutenberg]
- Bertrand Russell (1872-1955): Philosophical Consequences of Relativity, written for 13th ed of Encyclopedia Britannica [At HK]
- Marie Curie (1867-1934): On the Discovery of Radium [At this Site]
- Astronomy
- Simon Newcomb (1835-1909): Extent of The Universe, 1884 [At this Site]
- Percival Lowell (1855-1916): Mars, 1895, in chapter files, full text, [At Bibliomania]
- A.S. Eddington (1882-1944): Stars and Atoms, 1926 in chapter files, full text, [At Bibliomania]
- James Nasmyth: Autobiography, 1897, in chapter files, full text, [At Bibliomania]
- Psychology: The Obscurity of the Mind
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900, extracts [At WSU]
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900 [At PsyWWW][Full Text]
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): The Interpretation of Dreams, in chapter files, full text, [At Bibliomania]
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): The Structure of the Unconscious, from An Outline of Psychoanalysis [At Tripod]
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): Five Lectures on Psycho-Analysis [At Rasch.org]
- Sigmund Freud: Civilization & Die Weltanschauung, 1918 [At this Site]
Philosophical Reflections: The End of Reason?
- Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860): On Suicide [At Adelaide]
- Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860): On the Sufferings of the World [At Adelaide]
- Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860): The Metaphysics of the Love of the Sexes [At Adelaide]
- Sřren Kierkegaard (1813-1855): The Present Age [At WSU]
See also Richard Hooker's Introduction - Auguste Comte (1798-1857): A General View of Positivism [At this Site]
- Auguste Comte: View of the Nature and Importance of the Positive Philosophy [At History Guide]
- Auguste Comte: The Action of Positivism on the Working classes [At Internet Archive, from Warwick]
- Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881): Notes From the Underground [At Virginia]
- Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881): Rebellion and the Grand Inquisitor [At Online Literature]
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): Parable of the Madman [At this Site]
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): The Gay Science[At Hanover]
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): Thus Spake Zarathustra, 1891 [Full text][At this Site]
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): Also sprach Zarathustra [At Project Gutenberg][Full Text][In German]
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): The AntiChrist, 1895 [At Project Gutenberg]
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): The Geneology of Morals,
extracts [At WSU]
See also Richard Hooker's Introduction - Friederich Nietzsche (1844-1900): "Good and Evil," "Good and Bad" [At Internet Archive, from Warwick]
- William James (1842-1910): Essays in Radical Empiricism [At Brock U.][Full Text]
- Lugwig Wittgenstein: Tractatus
Logico-Philosophicus [At Witt]
Hypertext of the Ogden bilingual edition - Kurt Gödel: On Formally Undecidable Propositions Of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems, 1931 [PDF File] [Full Text] [At IBM]
Literature: Humanity's Heart of Darkness?
- Mathew Arnold (1822-88): Dover Beach, c. 1867 [At Toronto]
- Oscar Wilde (1854-1900): The Picture of Dorian Gray [At Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- Joseph Conrad (1857-1924): Heart of Darkness [At Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- Joseph Conrad (1857-1924): Heart of Darkness, 1899 [At Gaslight][Original Magazine Version]
- Joseph Conrad: Lord Jim [At Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- Anatoly Vasilievich Lunacharsky: Marcel Proust, 1924, from Revolutionary Silhouttes [At Marxists.org]
- Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926): Poems, in English and German [At Internet Archive, from Norconnect]
Visual Arts: What to Do After Photography?
- Dada
- A Surrealist Manifesto: The Declaration of January 27, 1925 [At this Site]
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NOTES:
Dates of accession of material added since July 1998 can be seen in the New Additions page.. The date of inception was 9/22/1997.
Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location]. Locally available texts are marked by [At this Site].
WEB indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview.
Since September 22, 1997, this site has been accessed times
[the counter is approximate since it only records graphical hits.]
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created 1997: last revised 4/16/2007